Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_22_04_05_06
Adam Dąbrowski, R. Kruk, K. Ochociński
Abstract: The article describes the basic requirements for the railway infrastructure of the comprehensive, extended core and core TEN-T network resulting from the draft of a new regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council (EU) on this matter. Then, the proposed TEN-T corridor “Baltic Sea – Black Sea – Aegean” is presented, which route is to lead largely through eastern and south-eastern Poland. This corridor, along with its considered link with the “Rail Baltica” route, fits well with the concept of the so-called eastern main line. The condition for creation of the corridor and the link is to ensure technical and operational parameters in accordance with the TEN-T requirements on the sections of railway lines included in their route, therefore the article assesses, what scope of investment works is related to the achievement of this goal and what adjustments and optimization measures should be considered. The creation of the corridor with the link may increase the transport accessibility of Polish regions located within their range of influence, and thus contribute to the economic development of these regions. Key words: accessibility, railway infrastructure
{"title":"The planned TEN-T railway corridor \"Baltic Sea - Black Sea - Aegean Sea\" as an opportunity for economic development of Eastern Poland","authors":"Adam Dąbrowski, R. Kruk, K. Ochociński","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_04_05_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_04_05_06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The article describes the basic requirements for the railway infrastructure of the comprehensive, extended core and core TEN-T network resulting from the draft of a new regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council (EU) on this matter. Then, the proposed TEN-T corridor “Baltic Sea – Black Sea – Aegean” is presented, which route is to lead largely through eastern and south-eastern Poland. This corridor, along with its considered link with the “Rail Baltica” route, fits well with the concept of the so-called eastern main line. The condition for creation of the corridor and the link is to ensure technical and operational parameters in accordance with the TEN-T requirements on the sections of railway lines included in their route, therefore the article assesses, what scope of investment works is related to the achievement of this goal and what adjustments and optimization measures should be considered. The creation of the corridor with the link may increase the transport accessibility of Polish regions located within their range of influence, and thus contribute to the economic development of these regions. Key words: accessibility, railway infrastructure","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43132408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_22_04_05_05
Peter Berger, M. Dąbrowski
Abstract: A typical solution for the construction of transportation infrastructure around the world is the economic adjustment of their course to the natural terrain. Hence, road and railway construction on embankments or in indentations is typical. Recent climate change is triggering extreme conditions and weather events that have a significant impact on the stability of slopes. Such disturbances may manifest themselves in gradual long-term subsidence, or in sudden, unforeseen landslides and collapses, and constitute a serious threat to human life. Keywords: Monitoring system; Slope; Embankment; Safety in railway issues
{"title":"How the InfraGuardTM Intelligent Slope and Embankment Monitoring System increases safety in railroads","authors":"Peter Berger, M. Dąbrowski","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_04_05_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_04_05_05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A typical solution for the construction of transportation infrastructure around the world is the economic adjustment of their course to the natural terrain. Hence, road and railway construction on embankments or in indentations is typical. Recent climate change is triggering extreme conditions and weather events that have a significant impact on the stability of slopes. Such disturbances may manifest themselves in gradual long-term subsidence, or in sudden, unforeseen landslides and collapses, and constitute a serious threat to human life. Keywords: Monitoring system; Slope; Embankment; Safety in railway issues","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41487695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_03
H. Jafernik, K. Krasuski, J. Ćwiklak, D. Wierzbicki
Abstract: The article presents the results of research on determining the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) position using the SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) positioning method for the EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) support system. The experiment used a single-frequency AsteRx-m2 UAS receiver, which recorded GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite observations and EGNOS corrections. The test flight was performed in 2020 near Warsaw. Navigational calculations for determining the position of the UAV during the flight were made in the gLAB v.5.5.1 software. Based on the performed calculations, the following were determined: BSP coordinates in the ellipsoidal system BLh, mean errors of BSP coordinates, and values of DOP (Dilution of Precision) geometric coefficients. In addition, during the calculations, it was found that the mean error values of the determined BSP coordinates do not exceed 3.6 m, and the maximum value of the geometric coefficient GDOP (Geometric DOP) is less than 3.5. Keywords: SBAS, EGNOS, BSP, mean errors, DOP
{"title":"Application of the SBAS/EGNOS positioning method to determine UAV coordinates","authors":"H. Jafernik, K. Krasuski, J. Ćwiklak, D. Wierzbicki","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The article presents the results of research on determining the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) position using the SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) positioning method for the EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) support system. The experiment used a single-frequency AsteRx-m2 UAS receiver, which recorded GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite observations and EGNOS corrections. The test flight was performed in 2020 near Warsaw. Navigational calculations for determining the position of the UAV during the flight were made in the gLAB v.5.5.1 software. Based on the performed calculations, the following were determined: BSP coordinates in the ellipsoidal system BLh, mean errors of BSP coordinates, and values of DOP (Dilution of Precision) geometric coefficients. In addition, during the calculations, it was found that the mean error values of the determined BSP coordinates do not exceed 3.6 m, and the maximum value of the geometric coefficient GDOP (Geometric DOP) is less than 3.5. Keywords: SBAS, EGNOS, BSP, mean errors, DOP","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41427460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_04
T. Nowobilski, M. Szóstak
Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are devices that are commonly used in various industries. Their availability makes them also a helpful tool for an engineer on a modern construction site. The article presents the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles for the inspection of the technical condition of the scaffolding with an area of approx. 1.500 m2. As a result of the conducted UAV trials, a lot of valuable information was obtained, which was then subjected to a detailed analysis in order to identify critical elements of the scaffolding that posed a threat to work safety. An additional effect of the analysis is the developed point cloud, which shows the detailed geometry of the scaffolding and enables the analysis of the deformation of the structure. Keywords: Unmanned aerial vehicle; Drone, Scaffolding; Construction industry; Occupational health and safety
{"title":"Inspection of the technical condition of scaffolding using unmanned aerial","authors":"T. Nowobilski, M. Szóstak","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are devices that are commonly used in various industries. Their availability makes them also a helpful tool for an engineer on a modern construction site. The article presents the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles for the inspection of the technical condition of the scaffolding with an area of approx. 1.500 m2. As a result of the conducted UAV trials, a lot of valuable information was obtained, which was then subjected to a detailed analysis in order to identify critical elements of the scaffolding that posed a threat to work safety. An additional effect of the analysis is the developed point cloud, which shows the detailed geometry of the scaffolding and enables the analysis of the deformation of the structure. Keywords: Unmanned aerial vehicle; Drone, Scaffolding; Construction industry; Occupational health and safety","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45094687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_05
M. Szóstak, T. Nowobilski
Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicles, commonly known as drones, are widely used in many sectors of the economy, including in: mining, agriculture, medicine, ecology, transport. The systematic literature review shows that drones are also widely used in construction, including: construction inspections, damage assessment, area measurements (inventory, area mapping), safety inspections, monitoring of the work progress, maintenance buildings, as well as thermographic researches. Keywords: Unmanned aerial vehicles; drone; Literature review, Construction industry; Occupational health and safety
{"title":"Application of unmanned aerial vehicles in construction industry","authors":"M. Szóstak, T. Nowobilski","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicles, commonly known as drones, are widely used in many sectors of the economy, including in: mining, agriculture, medicine, ecology, transport. The systematic literature review shows that drones are also widely used in construction, including: construction inspections, damage assessment, area measurements (inventory, area mapping), safety inspections, monitoring of the work progress, maintenance buildings, as well as thermographic researches. Keywords: Unmanned aerial vehicles; drone; Literature review, Construction industry; Occupational health and safety","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48320898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_02
H. Jafernik, T. Muszynski, Łukasz Puzio
The development of a concept of an unmanned glider-tug and cargo unmanned aerial vehicle with electric drive Abstract: The article presents a few selected ideas for AUV usage which are being developed in Poland as well as the description of a project of an unmanned tug, a new technological solution which was submitted to the Patent Office in December 2017 and which has been being developed since then. The proposed towing system consists of a universal ground-based air traffic control station for unmanned flights, an AUV-tug and an additional control system placed on the towed object. The proposed solution aims at maintenance costs reduction and increase of performance of aircrafts with electric drive. Keywords: UAV; Tug; Global Positioning System (GPS); Galileo
{"title":"The development of a concept of an unmanned glider-tug and cargo unmanned aerial vehicle with electric drive","authors":"H. Jafernik, T. Muszynski, Łukasz Puzio","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_02","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a concept of an unmanned glider-tug and cargo unmanned aerial vehicle with electric drive Abstract: The article presents a few selected ideas for AUV usage which are being developed in Poland as well as the description of a project of an unmanned tug, a new technological solution which was submitted to the Patent Office in December 2017 and which has been being developed since then. The proposed towing system consists of a universal ground-based air traffic control station for unmanned flights, an AUV-tug and an additional control system placed on the towed object. The proposed solution aims at maintenance costs reduction and increase of performance of aircrafts with electric drive. Keywords: UAV; Tug; Global Positioning System (GPS); Galileo","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42825614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_06
P. Mackiewicz, Eryk Mączka
Abstract: The timely use of appropriate renovation measures can effectively extend the life of road surfaces. For this purpose, it is necessary to carry out a detailed identification of damage, and then on its basis to assess the condition of road surfaces. Due to the development of advanced measurement techniques and computer applications, damage to pavements can be monitored faster and more accurately. This article presents a method of identifying damage to the pavement of a large area of the square with the use of a drone. The applicated method allowed to visualize and differentiate various surface defects faster and more preciously. The method also enabled determine causes and genesis of damage more greatly. Keywords: Drone; Pavement damage; DJI SPARK, Damage Identification
{"title":"Drone usage for pavement damage identification","authors":"P. Mackiewicz, Eryk Mączka","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The timely use of appropriate renovation measures can effectively extend the life of road surfaces. For this purpose, it is necessary to carry out a detailed identification of damage, and then on its basis to assess the condition of road surfaces. Due to the development of advanced measurement techniques and computer applications, damage to pavements can be monitored faster and more accurately. This article presents a method of identifying damage to the pavement of a large area of the square with the use of a drone. The applicated method allowed to visualize and differentiate various surface defects faster and more preciously. The method also enabled determine causes and genesis of damage more greatly. Keywords: Drone; Pavement damage; DJI SPARK, Damage Identification","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47299821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_01
Wiktor Wyszywacz
Abstract: The dynamic development of unmanned aviation forced the definition of the rules for performing UAS flight operations. The UAS regulations set the rules for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles and organize their functioning in integration with manned aviation. The paramount goal of the introduced regulations and provisions is to ensure an appropriate level of safety. Regulations should take into account both the current development needs of the industry and clearly defined safety objectives. It is important to all aviation stakeholders that, despite the shared use of a part of the airspace by both types of aviation, public recognition of the high level of aviation safety has not deteriorated. The introduced regulations had a direct impact on the safety of operations in both manned and unmanned aviation. The current experience of the impact of regulations in manned aviation is outlined and the current regulations in unmanned aviation, as well as safety and risk management, are discussed. The importance of the VLOS and BVLOS unmanned operations as well as the open, special and certified categories were discussed. In both types of aviation, one of the most significant factors influencing the level of safety is the human factor (HF). Therefore, the participation and importance of HF as an important component of the existing and implemented regulations was taken into account. Reference was made to the changes currently introduced at the national and European levels. The final conclusions are presented in the summary. Keywords: UAS; Safety; Threats; Risk; Regulations; Safety management; SORA
{"title":"UAS Regulations in The Aspect of Unmanned Aviation Safety","authors":"Wiktor Wyszywacz","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The dynamic development of unmanned aviation forced the definition of the rules for performing UAS flight operations. The UAS regulations set the rules for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles and organize their functioning in integration with manned aviation. The paramount goal of the introduced regulations and provisions is to ensure an appropriate level of safety. Regulations should take into account both the current development needs of the industry and clearly defined safety objectives. It is important to all aviation stakeholders that, despite the shared use of a part of the airspace by both types of aviation, public recognition of the high level of aviation safety has not deteriorated. The introduced regulations had a direct impact on the safety of operations in both manned and unmanned aviation. The current experience of the impact of regulations in manned aviation is outlined and the current regulations in unmanned aviation, as well as safety and risk management, are discussed. The importance of the VLOS and BVLOS unmanned operations as well as the open, special and certified categories were discussed. In both types of aviation, one of the most significant factors influencing the level of safety is the human factor (HF). Therefore, the participation and importance of HF as an important component of the existing and implemented regulations was taken into account. Reference was made to the changes currently introduced at the national and European levels. The final conclusions are presented in the summary. Keywords: UAS; Safety; Threats; Risk; Regulations; Safety management; SORA","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46329816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_08
Leszek Cwojdziński
Abstract: This article presents the basic assumptions concerning the prospects for the use and development of unmanned flying systems. Data on the use of combat flying platforms are presented. At the same time, the directions of development and use of civil and combat air systems in tasks for the benefit of the national economy and future armed conflicts were presented. It was indicated that unmanned aerial systems, the use of which brings significant financial benefits, are a type of weapon that changes the approach of UAV users in the most spectacular way, transforming the face of their civil and military application. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles as part of combat tasks and missions forces continuous development personnel in terms of the ability to perform complex tasks related to both civil and military use. At the same time influencing the change of tactics of using unmanned combat systems. On the basis of analyzes and comparisons, the author also proposes that the development work and construction of elements and systems for unmanned aerial platforms become an opportunity for the development of national research institutes and the defense industry, which should consequently be the main supplier of basic types of modern weapons.. Keywords: Unmanned aerial vehicle; UAV; Quadrocopter; Drone; Multisensor technologies; AI; UAV; Stealth
{"title":"Prospects for the development and use of Unmanned Aerial Systems","authors":"Leszek Cwojdziński","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_08","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article presents the basic assumptions concerning the prospects for the use and development of unmanned flying systems. Data on the use of combat flying platforms are presented. At the same time, the directions of development and use of civil and combat air systems in tasks for the benefit of the national economy and future armed conflicts were presented. It was indicated that unmanned aerial systems, the use of which brings significant financial benefits, are a type of weapon that changes the approach of UAV users in the most spectacular way, transforming the face of their civil and military application. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles as part of combat tasks and missions forces continuous development personnel in terms of the ability to perform complex tasks related to both civil and military use. At the same time influencing the change of tactics of using unmanned combat systems. On the basis of analyzes and comparisons, the author also proposes that the development work and construction of elements and systems for unmanned aerial platforms become an opportunity for the development of national research institutes and the defense industry, which should consequently be the main supplier of basic types of modern weapons.. Keywords: Unmanned aerial vehicle; UAV; Quadrocopter; Drone; Multisensor technologies; AI; UAV; Stealth","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46814879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_07
Hanna Dzido
Abstract: With the increase in global investments in offshore wind energy and the rapid implementation of wind technologies in hazardous deep water environments, operational inspection of wind turbines and related infrastructure plays an important role in the safe and efficient operation of offshore wind farms. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and remotely piloted unmanned aerial vehicles (RPAs) commonly referred to as "drones" for remote inspection of renewable energy infrastructure, i.e. photovoltaic farms and onshore wind farms. Drones have significant potential also in in offshore wind energy. Inspection with drones allows for to reduce not only the number of flight operations (involvement of aircraft and flight crews) and the transport of personnel carrying out the maintenance and repair of offshore wind turbines. With drones is possible carry the equipment transported for hazardous inspection work. The involvement of UAVs also reduces the plant downtime needed to detect faults and collect diagnostic information from the entire wind farm. The benefits of inspection technology in the offshore wind energy industry based on drones are confirmed by the previous tests, and the prospect of offshore energy development encourages further work with the use of UAVs. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that any unexpected failure of the drone system during its mission may interrupt control works (during inspections), and thus reduce the electricity generated by wind turbines. The article presents the potential of drones in the process of inspecting wind farms, including offshore wind farms, presents examples of UAV models used for inspections, indicates methods of conducting inspections with the use of drones and highlights a significant reduction in the costs of the operation of offshore wind farms as a result of limiting the use of manned aviation (helicopters and flight crews) and the elimination of the risk associated with the involvement of personnel to perform inspections of wind farms at sea. The potential of unmanned floating platforms as part of cooperation with UAV in the process of inspecting offshore wind farms was also indicated. Keywords: wind energy, offshore, drones, wind farms, drone inspections, maritime inspections, marine aviation, offshore, offshore wind energy, safety air operations, risk analysis
{"title":"Use of drones in offshore wind farm inspections","authors":"Hanna Dzido","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_02_03_07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: With the increase in global investments in offshore wind energy and the rapid implementation of wind technologies in hazardous deep water environments, operational inspection of wind turbines and related infrastructure plays an important role in the safe and efficient operation of offshore wind farms. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and remotely piloted unmanned aerial vehicles (RPAs) commonly referred to as \"drones\" for remote inspection of renewable energy infrastructure, i.e. photovoltaic farms and onshore wind farms. Drones have significant potential also in in offshore wind energy. Inspection with drones allows for to reduce not only the number of flight operations (involvement of aircraft and flight crews) and the transport of personnel carrying out the maintenance and repair of offshore wind turbines. With drones is possible carry the equipment transported for hazardous inspection work. The involvement of UAVs also reduces the plant downtime needed to detect faults and collect diagnostic information from the entire wind farm. The benefits of inspection technology in the offshore wind energy industry based on drones are confirmed by the previous tests, and the prospect of offshore energy development encourages further work with the use of UAVs. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that any unexpected failure of the drone system during its mission may interrupt control works (during inspections), and thus reduce the electricity generated by wind turbines. The article presents the potential of drones in the process of inspecting wind farms, including offshore wind farms, presents examples of UAV models used for inspections, indicates methods of conducting inspections with the use of drones and highlights a significant reduction in the costs of the operation of offshore wind farms as a result of limiting the use of manned aviation (helicopters and flight crews) and the elimination of the risk associated with the involvement of personnel to perform inspections of wind farms at sea. The potential of unmanned floating platforms as part of cooperation with UAV in the process of inspecting offshore wind farms was also indicated. Keywords: wind energy, offshore, drones, wind farms, drone inspections, maritime inspections, marine aviation, offshore, offshore wind energy, safety air operations, risk analysis","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47165760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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