Abstract: The parameter defined as the coefficient of friction is one of the basic parameters that are responsible for the characteristics of the surface on which vehicles (cars, aircraft) travel. The coefficient of friction is very important as it is responsible for the safety and relia- bility of the pavement. The paper below presents general issues concerning the friction force and its influence on the movement of aircraft on airport pavements. The requirements for the assessment of the friction coefficient were also discussed. Based on the results of tests carried out at four airports, an analysis of the decrease in the value of the friction coefficient was per- formed. Keywords: Friction; Runway; ASFT
{"title":"Comparative analysis of the friction coefficient of various airport pavements","authors":"Ł. Semkło, Agata Wróblewska","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_10_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_10_04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The parameter defined as the coefficient of friction is one of the basic parameters that are responsible for the characteristics of the surface on which vehicles (cars, aircraft) travel. The coefficient of friction is very important as it is responsible for the safety and relia- bility of the pavement. The paper below presents general issues concerning the friction force and its influence on the movement of aircraft on airport pavements. The requirements for the assessment of the friction coefficient were also discussed. Based on the results of tests carried out at four airports, an analysis of the decrease in the value of the friction coefficient was per- formed. Keywords: Friction; Runway; ASFT","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48391821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adam Poświata, Paweł Pietruszewski, Piotr Włodarski
Abstract: The publication presents the requirements for airport pavements for the assessment of the evenness of airport pavements, including the methodology of testing unevenness. On the basis of the selected aircraft type, the impact of unevenness on the dynamic interaction of the plane - pavement was determined, and the vertical displacements occurring at the edges of concrete slabs were taken for analysis. The paper presents the influence of operational procedures in the form of pavement grooving and local surface repairs on the results of unevenness measurements and improvement of the technical condition of the pavement, as well as on the safety of air operations. Keywords: Pavement unevenness; Evaluation criteria; Dynamic action plane - surface; Grooving pavement; Maintenance treatments; The functional element of the airport
{"title":"Influence of unevenness of airport pavements on technical condition and safety of air operations","authors":"Adam Poświata, Paweł Pietruszewski, Piotr Włodarski","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_10_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_10_02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The publication presents the requirements for airport pavements for the assessment of the evenness of airport pavements, including the methodology of testing unevenness. On the basis of the selected aircraft type, the impact of unevenness on the dynamic interaction of the plane - pavement was determined, and the vertical displacements occurring at the edges of concrete slabs were taken for analysis. The paper presents the influence of operational procedures in the form of pavement grooving and local surface repairs on the results of unevenness measurements and improvement of the technical condition of the pavement, as well as on the safety of air operations. Keywords: Pavement unevenness; Evaluation criteria; Dynamic action plane - surface; Grooving pavement; Maintenance treatments; The functional element of the airport","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45437182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_02
Alicja Jarczewska, J. Wachnicka
Abstract: The article presents a diagnosis of the problems that affect the quality of the level training and examination of cyclists in Poland. The first part presents statistics on accidents involving cyclists in Poland in the recent years. The current system of training and examining cyclists as well as teachers and instructors is described successively. Additionally, examples of good practice that are used by countries with highly developed cycling culture are shown. Based on the assessment of the current state of affairs and the analysis of the issues, appropriate conclusions were drawn, and recommendations were proposed. They can contribute to the awareness of the need to change the approach in the Polish cycling education system and ultimately to increase the cyclist's sense of safety in road traffic, thus reducing the number of injuries and fatalities. Keywords: Cycling safety; Cyclist; Bicycle training; Training of cyclists; Examining of cyclists; Cycling education; Cycling licence; Cycling proficiency test.
{"title":"Problems in training and examining of cyclists in Poland","authors":"Alicja Jarczewska, J. Wachnicka","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The article presents a diagnosis of the problems that affect the quality of the level training and examination of cyclists in Poland. The first part presents statistics on accidents involving cyclists in Poland in the recent years. The current system of training and examining cyclists as well as teachers and instructors is described successively. Additionally, examples of good practice that are used by countries with highly developed cycling culture are shown. Based on the assessment of the current state of affairs and the analysis of the issues, appropriate conclusions were drawn, and recommendations were proposed. They can contribute to the awareness of the need to change the approach in the Polish cycling education system and ultimately to increase the cyclist's sense of safety in road traffic, thus reducing the number of injuries and fatalities. Keywords: Cycling safety; Cyclist; Bicycle training; Training of cyclists; Examining of cyclists; Cycling education; Cycling licence; Cycling proficiency test.","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69888106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_01
Marek Sokołowski
Abstract: The article covers the possibilities of using modern IT and electronic solutions to modify the maintenance process of railway vehicles operated in the Warsaw metro. The legal and technical aspects of rolling stock operation were discussed, and examples of three types of vehicles used in the Warsaw Metro were presented. The current technical solutions in the field of monitoring the condition of some vehicle components were indicated. Keywords: Metro; Rolling stock; Maintenance system
{"title":"Modification of the metro rolling stock maintenance process, taking into account the condition of selected vehicle components","authors":"Marek Sokołowski","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The article covers the possibilities of using modern IT and electronic solutions to modify the maintenance process of railway vehicles operated in the Warsaw metro. The legal and technical aspects of rolling stock operation were discussed, and examples of three types of vehicles used in the Warsaw Metro were presented. The current technical solutions in the field of monitoring the condition of some vehicle components were indicated. Keywords: Metro; Rolling stock; Maintenance system","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49604928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_05
Remigiusz Duszyński
Abstract: The paper presents the application of geogrids with uniform radial stiffness in subgrade structures in the function of protecting under ballast mats from damage caused by the railroad superstructure. The importance of the stabilizing function as a key mechanism of cooperation between geogrid and aggregate was pointed out, affecting the increase of subgrade bearing capacity, extension of ballast life and ensuring the required operating parameters of the ballast placed on anti-vibration mats. Keywords: Mechanical stabilization; Hexagonal geogrids; Under ballast mats; Railway trackbed
{"title":"Protection of under ballast mats against damage Due to loads from railroad tracks","authors":"Remigiusz Duszyński","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The paper presents the application of geogrids with uniform radial stiffness in subgrade structures in the function of protecting under ballast mats from damage caused by the railroad superstructure. The importance of the stabilizing function as a key mechanism of cooperation between geogrid and aggregate was pointed out, affecting the increase of subgrade bearing capacity, extension of ballast life and ensuring the required operating parameters of the ballast placed on anti-vibration mats. Keywords: Mechanical stabilization; Hexagonal geogrids; Under ballast mats; Railway trackbed","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46885360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_06
Przemysław Brona, Adam Dąbrowski, Beata Piwowar
Abstract: The article presents the most important aspects of changes in the training and examination system for candidates for train drivers and train drivers, which will enter into force on January 1, 2023. First, the system currently in force in Poland is characterized and its basic disadvantages are indicated. Then, the scope of legal changes resulting from the amendment to the Act on Rail Transport is described, which will lead to the separation of training and examination processes, and, as a result, to improvement of the efficiency of these processes. The article also presents the scope of activities of the currently built Center for Examination and Monitoring of Train Drivers, which will function at The Office of Rail Transport and will be equipped with modern simulators. Keywords: Train driver; Training; Examination; Simulator
{"title":"Improving the safety of railway transport by changing the system of examining and monitoring drivers","authors":"Przemysław Brona, Adam Dąbrowski, Beata Piwowar","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The article presents the most important aspects of changes in the training and examination system for candidates for train drivers and train drivers, which will enter into force on January 1, 2023. First, the system currently in force in Poland is characterized and its basic disadvantages are indicated. Then, the scope of legal changes resulting from the amendment to the Act on Rail Transport is described, which will lead to the separation of training and examination processes, and, as a result, to improvement of the efficiency of these processes. The article also presents the scope of activities of the currently built Center for Examination and Monitoring of Train Drivers, which will function at The Office of Rail Transport and will be equipped with modern simulators. Keywords: Train driver; Training; Examination; Simulator","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42831375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_07
Eryk Kłopotowski, Leszek Cwojdziński
Abstract: Sustainable development, i.e. the coherence of economic and social progress with environmental protection, are goals that must be achieved in order to prevent global environmental degradation. Reducing the emission of harmful compounds and noise is a current problem raised in various sectors of the economy. Through the ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization, the aviation sector worldwide is committed to meeting its commitments to reduce air emissions from aircraft. Despite the dynamic development of the unmanned aerial vehicle sector, manned aviation remains the leading means of passenger and cargo transport in civil aviation. In view of the emission of compounds having a negative impact on the environment by airplanes, it was deemed necessary at the global level to take steps aimed at a real limitation of the functioning of aviation, which is destructive to the nature. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has developed a program that introduces a new approach to reducing negative effects on the environment called CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation). The article presents the principles of its operation and implementation, as well as the project phases. The practical impact of the CORSIA program on aircraft operators and examples of costs for operators related to the implementation of the project were indicated. The aspect of mutual coexistence for the CORSIA program and the EU CO2 emissions trading system (EU-ETS) was also raised. European Emissions Trading Scheme - also known as the "Community carbon market" or the ETS. It is the first, by 2017, the largest and currently the largest, after China, CO₂ emissions trading system in the world. Keywords: CORSIA, EU ETS, CO2; Emission; Civil aviation; Sustainable development of aviation
{"title":"Compensation and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in international aviation","authors":"Eryk Kłopotowski, Leszek Cwojdziński","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Sustainable development, i.e. the coherence of economic and social progress with environmental protection, are goals that must be achieved in order to prevent global environmental degradation. Reducing the emission of harmful compounds and noise is a current problem raised in various sectors of the economy. Through the ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization, the aviation sector worldwide is committed to meeting its commitments to reduce air emissions from aircraft. Despite the dynamic development of the unmanned aerial vehicle sector, manned aviation remains the leading means of passenger and cargo transport in civil aviation. In view of the emission of compounds having a negative impact on the environment by airplanes, it was deemed necessary at the global level to take steps aimed at a real limitation of the functioning of aviation, which is destructive to the nature. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has developed a program that introduces a new approach to reducing negative effects on the environment called CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation). The article presents the principles of its operation and implementation, as well as the project phases. The practical impact of the CORSIA program on aircraft operators and examples of costs for operators related to the implementation of the project were indicated. The aspect of mutual coexistence for the CORSIA program and the EU CO2 emissions trading system (EU-ETS) was also raised. European Emissions Trading Scheme - also known as the \"Community carbon market\" or the ETS. It is the first, by 2017, the largest and currently the largest, after China, CO₂ emissions trading system in the world. Keywords: CORSIA, EU ETS, CO2; Emission; Civil aviation; Sustainable development of aviation","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49442130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_04
Jędrzej Burek
Abstract: Work on and in the vicinity of active railway tracks or other tracks is particularly hazardous work. They involve high risks for workers who may be hit or run over by moving rail vehicles or track machinery. Workers may also be electrocuted by the overhead catenary or overhead electrical network, which for non-traction purposes is supplied with 3000 volts DC. To ensure an adequate level of safety during this type of work, active tracks should be cordoned off and marked in accordance with railway regulations. Guidelines for securing the site of works carried out on closed track during the operation of railway vehicles on live track at a speed of V ≥ 100 km/h are defined in Railway Instruction Id-18. All types of construction work on live railway lines and overhead contact lines may only be carried out on the basis of the Instruction for Safe Work Performing (IBWR), which is an annex to the Safety and Health Plan (Safety and Health Plan). It is important to remember that the site protection systems used should be certified and approved for use on railway lines. Rail transport is a particularly demanding area in terms of safety. The key to increasing its level is to continue existing and take new measures to promote the idea of safety. Automatic Warning Systems are still an innovative solution in Poland, which has been successfully proven in Europe for several years and is a safer option for the railway signalman. The system is responsible for the safe warning of railway traffic in the area of the repaired and adjacent track. Risks arising due to human fallibility or caused by human error are eliminated to a minimum. Keywords: Technological solutions; Trackway; Railway line
{"title":"Technological solutions for the efficient protection of workers in the track area","authors":"Jędrzej Burek","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Work on and in the vicinity of active railway tracks or other tracks is particularly hazardous work. They involve high risks for workers who may be hit or run over by moving rail vehicles or track machinery. Workers may also be electrocuted by the overhead catenary or overhead electrical network, which for non-traction purposes is supplied with 3000 volts DC. To ensure an adequate level of safety during this type of work, active tracks should be cordoned off and marked in accordance with railway regulations. Guidelines for securing the site of works carried out on closed track during the operation of railway vehicles on live track at a speed of V ≥ 100 km/h are defined in Railway Instruction Id-18. All types of construction work on live railway lines and overhead contact lines may only be carried out on the basis of the Instruction for Safe Work Performing (IBWR), which is an annex to the Safety and Health Plan (Safety and Health Plan). It is important to remember that the site protection systems used should be certified and approved for use on railway lines. Rail transport is a particularly demanding area in terms of safety. The key to increasing its level is to continue existing and take new measures to promote the idea of safety. Automatic Warning Systems are still an innovative solution in Poland, which has been successfully proven in Europe for several years and is a safer option for the railway signalman. The system is responsible for the safe warning of railway traffic in the area of the repaired and adjacent track. Risks arising due to human fallibility or caused by human error are eliminated to a minimum. Keywords: Technological solutions; Trackway; Railway line","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41732112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_03
M. Kycko, D. Adamski, Łukasz Zawadka
Abstract: The process of verification of the installation of the ‘on-board control-command and signalling’ subsystem is complex and requires numerous and time-consuming checks of both the overall technical documentation for a given ETCS installation on a specific vehicle, as well as checks performed during in-service tests. The experience has shown that the tests carried out in laboratories in simulated conditions and the commissioning tests of the on- board and trackside subsystems do not provide sufficient certainty in terms of the correct integration of the ‘on-board control-command and signalling’ subsystem with ‘trackside control-command and signalling’ subsystem and other subsystems. Therefore, additional tests of ETCS (European Train Control System) and GSM-R (GSM for Railways) on-board configurations with trackside ETCS and GSM-R installations on railway lines were introduced (hereinafter ESC / RSC compatibility tests). The premise of the ESC compatibility tests and RSC is to facilitate the operation of new subsystems, because their correct functioning in a given environment is fully verified at the stage of demonstrating compliance of ESC and RSC. In accordance with Polish requirements, from 1 July 2021, ESC / RSC tests are obligatory for all new, renewed and modernized projects in the field of the ‘on-board control-command and signalling’ subsystem. This obligation is a big challenge for vehicle manufacturers and users, because at that time these tests had not yet been carried out on the network managed by PKP PLK S.A. Accordingly, this article aims to introduce the issues related to the ESC and RSC tests, as well as to describe the roles and responsibilities of the various parties involved. in the implementation of the tests. Keywords: ESC / RSC tests; Compatibility; ERTMS, ETCS
{"title":"ETCS (ESC) and GSM-R (RSC) compatibility tests in polish conditions","authors":"M. Kycko, D. Adamski, Łukasz Zawadka","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_08_09_03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The process of verification of the installation of the ‘on-board control-command and signalling’ subsystem is complex and requires numerous and time-consuming checks of both the overall technical documentation for a given ETCS installation on a specific vehicle, as well as checks performed during in-service tests. The experience has shown that the tests carried out in laboratories in simulated conditions and the commissioning tests of the on- board and trackside subsystems do not provide sufficient certainty in terms of the correct integration of the ‘on-board control-command and signalling’ subsystem with ‘trackside control-command and signalling’ subsystem and other subsystems. Therefore, additional tests of ETCS (European Train Control System) and GSM-R (GSM for Railways) on-board configurations with trackside ETCS and GSM-R installations on railway lines were introduced (hereinafter ESC / RSC compatibility tests). The premise of the ESC compatibility tests and RSC is to facilitate the operation of new subsystems, because their correct functioning in a given environment is fully verified at the stage of demonstrating compliance of ESC and RSC. In accordance with Polish requirements, from 1 July 2021, ESC / RSC tests are obligatory for all new, renewed and modernized projects in the field of the ‘on-board control-command and signalling’ subsystem. This obligation is a big challenge for vehicle manufacturers and users, because at that time these tests had not yet been carried out on the network managed by PKP PLK S.A. Accordingly, this article aims to introduce the issues related to the ESC and RSC tests, as well as to describe the roles and responsibilities of the various parties involved. in the implementation of the tests. Keywords: ESC / RSC tests; Compatibility; ERTMS, ETCS","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47841913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
water tram in Wrocław as a new means of transport that can improve traffic in the city. Examples of the functioning water tram networks in Krakow, Geneva and Hamburg are presented. The existing condition of the Wrocław Water Junction was also analyzed, including the limitations related to the measles channeling in the area of the entire junction. The possible route of the routes was presented, taking into account possible limitations. The whole thing ended with a summary and conclusions. Keywords: Water tram; Wrocław Water Junction; Collective transport
{"title":"Analysis of the possibilities of improving public transport in Wrocław with the use of a water tram","authors":"M. Korzeń, W. Szczepanek","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_07_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_07_01","url":null,"abstract":"water tram in Wrocław as a new means of transport that can improve traffic in the city. Examples of the functioning water tram networks in Krakow, Geneva and Hamburg are presented. The existing condition of the Wrocław Water Junction was also analyzed, including the limitations related to the measles channeling in the area of the entire junction. The possible route of the routes was presented, taking into account possible limitations. The whole thing ended with a summary and conclusions. Keywords: Water tram; Wrocław Water Junction; Collective transport","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46297455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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