Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_20_06-07-08_03
Mikulski Maciej
The article presents the problem of air pollution in polish cities on the example of Cracow. The focus was on one of the corrective actions taken by the city – free-fare public transport during high air pollution. Changes in the city's approach to this service since 2015 and consequences for the city budget were presented. Then, the efficiency of free-fare public transport in attracting new passengers was considered. The example of the Nysa town was cited, which introduced such permission for car drivers, but withdrew it three years later. In the next step, the concentration of air pollution before and after the activation of free-fare public transport in the heating season 2018/2019 was analyzed. Particulate matter PM10, nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide were taken into account. There was no constant relationship between the changes in the level of these pollutants in the air and the full-paid (or fare-free) public transport. There is also no reason for the need to change parameters based on witch the fare-free public transport is activated. Finally, the necessity of further efforts of central and local authorities to improve air quality as well as further research on sources of air pollution and efficiency of undertaken actions was emphasized. Keywords: fare-free public transport, air pollution, environmental protection
{"title":"The efficiency of the fare-free public transport for the air pollution reduction","authors":"Mikulski Maciej","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_20_06-07-08_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_20_06-07-08_03","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the problem of air pollution in polish cities on the example of Cracow. The focus was on one of the corrective actions taken by the city – free-fare public transport during high air pollution. Changes in the city's approach to this service since 2015 and consequences for the city budget were presented. Then, the efficiency of free-fare public transport in attracting new passengers was considered. The example of the Nysa town was cited, which introduced such permission for car drivers, but withdrew it three years later. In the next step, the concentration of air pollution before and after the activation of free-fare public transport in the heating season 2018/2019 was analyzed. Particulate matter PM10, nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide were taken into account. There was no constant relationship between the changes in the level of these pollutants in the air and the full-paid (or fare-free) public transport. There is also no reason for the need to change parameters based on witch the fare-free public transport is activated. Finally, the necessity of further efforts of central and local authorities to improve air quality as well as further research on sources of air pollution and efficiency of undertaken actions was emphasized. Keywords: fare-free public transport, air pollution, environmental protection","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42163425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.35117/a_eng_20_06-07-08_04
Szabłowska Paulina, Rochel Maciej
This paper describes the possibilities of using BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology based on object modeling in transport infrastructure projects. The main focus was on investments such as roads and railways. The objectives of implementing this technology were presented and its benefits for participants of the construction process were discussed. The basic principles, norms and documents related to the BIM methodology have been outlined. Then it was described at what stage the introduction of this technology is on the Polish market. Finally, examples of "implementation" projects currently implemented by the main managers of the rail and road network in Poland, ie PKP PLK and GDDKiA, were shown. Keywords: civil engineering, BIM, infrastructure.
{"title":"Use of bim technology in transport infrastructure projects","authors":"Szabłowska Paulina, Rochel Maciej","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_20_06-07-08_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_20_06-07-08_04","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the possibilities of using BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology based on object modeling in transport infrastructure projects. The main focus was on investments such as roads and railways. The objectives of implementing this technology were presented and its benefits for participants of the construction process were discussed. The basic principles, norms and documents related to the BIM methodology have been outlined. Then it was described at what stage the introduction of this technology is on the Polish market. Finally, examples of \"implementation\" projects currently implemented by the main managers of the rail and road network in Poland, ie PKP PLK and GDDKiA, were shown. Keywords: civil engineering, BIM, infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49478418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Wilk, Politechnika Gdańska, C. Specht, W. Koc, K. Karwowski, J. Skibicki, Jacek Szmagliński, P. Dąbrowski, Mariusz Specht, M. Zienkiewicz, S. Judek, Piotr Chrostowski, Marcin Skóra, S. Grulkowski, Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni
This article refers to research, that has been conducted by an interdisciplinary research team from the Gdańsk University of Technology and the Maritime University in Gdynia since 2009. These investigation concerns the determination of a railway track axis using the mobile satellite measurement technique. Following the dynamic development of GNSS techniques, that could be seen in the last decade, the team carried out further experiments aimed at developing an effective measurement method. Using the acquired experience in this period, another measurement campaign was carried out on the tram tracks in Gdansk. The main goal of these measurements was to check how the new assumptions regarding the method of mounting the antennas as well as their placement on the measuring platform will work in various field conditions. For this purpose, ten sets of GNSS receivers offered by two independent manufacturers – currently market leaders – were used. The choice of testing track section made it possible to analyze the repeatability of results obtained from multiple measurements in conditions of varying GNSS signal availability. The article presents in a synthetic way the course of this research and the obtained results. Keywords: Tram track; Satellite measurements; Accuracy analysis
{"title":"Determination of the tram track axis using a multi receiver GNSS measurement system","authors":"A. Wilk, Politechnika Gdańska, C. Specht, W. Koc, K. Karwowski, J. Skibicki, Jacek Szmagliński, P. Dąbrowski, Mariusz Specht, M. Zienkiewicz, S. Judek, Piotr Chrostowski, Marcin Skóra, S. Grulkowski, Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_20_04_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_20_04_01","url":null,"abstract":"This article refers to research, that has been conducted by an interdisciplinary research team from the Gdańsk University of Technology and the Maritime University in Gdynia since 2009. These investigation concerns the determination of a railway track axis using the mobile satellite measurement technique. Following the dynamic development of GNSS techniques, that could be seen in the last decade, the team carried out further experiments aimed at developing an effective measurement method. Using the acquired experience in this period, another measurement campaign was carried out on the tram tracks in Gdansk. The main goal of these measurements was to check how the new assumptions regarding the method of mounting the antennas as well as their placement on the measuring platform will work in various field conditions. For this purpose, ten sets of GNSS receivers offered by two independent manufacturers – currently market leaders – were used. The choice of testing track section made it possible to analyze the repeatability of results obtained from multiple measurements in conditions of varying GNSS signal availability. The article presents in a synthetic way the course of this research and the obtained results. Keywords: Tram track; Satellite measurements; Accuracy analysis","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43371711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to one of main elements of the technology of IT PLATFORMS, i.e. VIRTUAL PROFILING of the underground infrastructure. Implementing of this technology to the wide scale can very much change investment and administrative processes. This section presents information on the technology of SURFACE UNDERGROUND INFRASTRUCTURE using VIRTUAL REALITY 3D. This technology is extremely useful for interactive support of investment processes. It can be useful for effective engineering work associated with interactive remote visualization in real mode. Keywords: IT platform; Virtual profiling; Underground infrastructure
{"title":"Surface profiling of the underground infrastructure in the technology of IT platforms - Part II","authors":"J. Dyduch, J. Dubinski","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_20_04_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_20_04_02","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to one of main elements of the technology of IT PLATFORMS, i.e. VIRTUAL PROFILING of the underground infrastructure. Implementing of this technology to the wide scale can very much change investment and administrative processes. This section presents information on the technology of SURFACE UNDERGROUND INFRASTRUCTURE using VIRTUAL REALITY 3D. This technology is extremely useful for interactive support of investment processes. It can be useful for effective engineering work associated with interactive remote visualization in real mode. Keywords: IT platform; Virtual profiling; Underground infrastructure","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42161806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the paper a structure consisting of two Kirchhoff plates connected by an elastic Winkler layer is considered. The structure rests on the Winkler foundation and is subjected to a one-mass visco-elastic oscillator, moving at a constant speed on the upper plate, parallel to one of the plate sides. Forced and free vibrations of the plates and the oscillator are analysed. In the case of such a complex system vibration of the plates is described by two coupled differential equations, or one differential equation with elevated order. In addition, due to the nature of the moving load (inertial load), these equations have variable, time-dependent coefficients. The solutions are illustrated by numerical examples.
{"title":"Vibrations of the plate with elastic core resting on the Winkler foundation caused by a moving oscillator","authors":"M. Ataman, W. Szczęśniak","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_19_11_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_19_11_04","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper a structure consisting of two Kirchhoff plates connected by an elastic Winkler layer is considered. The structure rests on the Winkler foundation and is subjected to a one-mass visco-elastic oscillator, moving at a constant speed on the upper plate, parallel to one of the plate sides. Forced and free vibrations of the plates and the oscillator are analysed. In the case of such a complex system vibration of the plates is described by two coupled differential equations, or one differential equation with elevated order. In addition, due to the nature of the moving load (inertial load), these equations have variable, time-dependent coefficients. The solutions are illustrated by numerical examples.","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44800166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents and compares two methods for simulation the train-track system vibrations, differing in the wheel-rail contact model used. In the first method, two-way Hertzian spring is used, in the second – a non-deformable constraint. In both methods, a flat computational model is assumed, consisting of an Euler-Bernoulli beam resting on a Winkler-type elastic foundation with damping and a set of rail vehicles modeled by dynamic systems with ten degrees of freedom. The results of numerical analysis are presented, in order to determine an influence of the contact constraints’ deformability on the vibration simulations. It is found that the replacement of non-deformable contact constraints by two-way Hertzian springs has no significant effect on track vibration simulations and has a little effect on vibration simulations of vehicle body and bogie. The developed simulation method can be used for numerical studies of the phenomenon of instantaneous detachments of wheels from rails, after minor modifications directed to introduce one-way Hertzian springs (i.e. not carrying tensile forces) being a more accurate contact model.
{"title":"Two-way Hertzian spring in numerical analysis of coupled train-track system vibrations","authors":"D. Bryja, W. Chojnacki","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_19_11_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_19_11_01","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents and compares two methods for simulation the train-track system vibrations, differing in the wheel-rail contact model used. In the first method, two-way Hertzian spring is used, in the second – a non-deformable constraint. In both methods, a flat computational model is assumed, consisting of an Euler-Bernoulli beam resting on a Winkler-type elastic foundation with damping and a set of rail vehicles modeled by dynamic systems with ten degrees of freedom. The results of numerical analysis are presented, in order to determine an influence of the contact constraints’ deformability on the vibration simulations. It is found that the replacement of non-deformable contact constraints by two-way Hertzian springs has no significant effect on track vibration simulations and has a little effect on vibration simulations of vehicle body and bogie. The developed simulation method can be used for numerical studies of the phenomenon of instantaneous detachments of wheels from rails, after minor modifications directed to introduce one-way Hertzian springs (i.e. not carrying tensile forces) being a more accurate contact model.","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43347618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents the results of numerical analysis and in-situ measurements of two railway bridge spans subjected to an action of moving vehicles. The railway vehicle is introduced using four simplified load models: series of concentrated forces, series of lumped masses and series of single-mass and two-mass oscillators. Numerical simulations are performed using FE method. The dynamic parameters of the vehicle and the bridge models are determined on the basis of modal identification results of existing structures – EN57 traction unit and steel bridges of 10 and 30 m theoretical span length. The vertical displacements and accelerations of the mid-span are analysed. The numerical results are referred to the results of in-situ measurements performed under operating conditions. A qualitative and quantitative comparison is made for all load models and bridge spans under analysis in the forced vibration range.
{"title":"The influence of railway vehicle modeling approach on the dynamic response of a bridge span","authors":"S. Marek","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_19_10_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_19_10_02","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of numerical analysis and in-situ measurements of two railway bridge spans subjected to an action of moving vehicles. The railway vehicle is introduced using four simplified load models: series of concentrated forces, series of lumped masses and series of single-mass and two-mass oscillators. Numerical simulations are performed using FE method. The dynamic parameters of the vehicle and the bridge models are determined on the basis of modal identification results of existing structures – EN57 traction unit and steel bridges of 10 and 30 m theoretical span length. The vertical displacements and accelerations of the mid-span are analysed. The numerical results are referred to the results of in-situ measurements performed under operating conditions. A qualitative and quantitative comparison is made for all load models and bridge spans under analysis in the forced vibration range.","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42186583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents issues related to the transport of hazardous materials in intermodal transport. Attention has been paid to intermodal units used for mass transport of liquid goods with various modes of transport, which are mostly considered as hazardous materials. Next, the state of intermodal terminals in Poland was discussed, and then the legal status and applicable regulations were referred to. Current trends and perspectives in the development of the transport of hazardous materials in intermodal transport were indicated.
{"title":"Dangerous materials in intermodal transport","authors":"Henryk Zielaskiewicz","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_19_10_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_19_10_04","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents issues related to the transport of hazardous materials in intermodal transport. Attention has been paid to intermodal units used for mass transport of liquid goods with various modes of transport, which are mostly considered as hazardous materials. Next, the state of intermodal terminals in Poland was discussed, and then the legal status and applicable regulations were referred to. Current trends and perspectives in the development of the transport of hazardous materials in intermodal transport were indicated.","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45057252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper describes problems occurring during travelling by trams over curves. It was determined that stong jerks occur as a result of the lack of analysis of kinematic parameters on curves and changes in the construction scheme of trams. A proposal for a computational methodology has been given. Calculations of kinematic parameters were carried out for typical geometric layouts in accordance with the Polish Guidelines.
{"title":"Analysis of geometrical layout of tram tracks based on the railway methods","authors":"Jacek Szmagliński","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_19_10_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_19_10_01","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes problems occurring during travelling by trams over curves. It was determined that stong jerks occur as a result of the lack of analysis of kinematic parameters on curves and changes in the construction scheme of trams. A proposal for a computational methodology has been given. Calculations of kinematic parameters were carried out for typical geometric layouts in accordance with the Polish Guidelines.","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44290497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents a comparison of dynamic responses of bridges with different dynamic characteristics to a quasi-real mobile load. Different bridge – track – train (moving at high speed) systems were analyzed. The system is ballasted monotrack. The model of the bridge is a 15-meter beam simple-supported with a steel structure. The load model is represented by the Shinkansen train. The results are compared with very simplified load models, such as streams of concentrated forces, concentrated masses, one-mass oscillators and two-mass oscillators.
{"title":"Response of short span bridges under mooving high-speed train","authors":"M. Podwórna","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_19_11_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_19_11_02","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a comparison of dynamic responses of bridges with different dynamic characteristics to a quasi-real mobile load. Different bridge – track – train (moving at high speed) systems were analyzed. The system is ballasted monotrack. The model of the bridge is a 15-meter beam simple-supported with a steel structure. The load model is represented by the Shinkansen train. The results are compared with very simplified load models, such as streams of concentrated forces, concentrated masses, one-mass oscillators and two-mass oscillators.","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41893032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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