Abstract: The paper discusses the issue of risk in transport projects. The first part includes the analysis of definitions developed to describe the notion of risk. Based on the studies of the literature on the subject, the author discusses the ways the scholars dealing with this subject- matter perceive risk. The second part includes the discussion of risk sources and factors in transport projects, depending on individual project implementation stages. The third part consists in the author’s analysis of risk sources together with the presentation of basic risk factors assigned to such sources which affect the possibility of reaching the set objectives as part of a transport project being implemented. Keywords: Risk; Source of risks; Risk factor
{"title":"Risk in transport projekts","authors":"J. Lejk","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_12_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_12_01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The paper discusses the issue of risk in transport projects. The first part includes the analysis of definitions developed to describe the notion of risk. Based on the studies of the literature on the subject, the author discusses the ways the scholars dealing with this subject- matter perceive risk. The second part includes the discussion of risk sources and factors in transport projects, depending on individual project implementation stages. The third part consists in the author’s analysis of risk sources together with the presentation of basic risk factors assigned to such sources which affect the possibility of reaching the set objectives as part of a transport project being implemented. Keywords: Risk; Source of risks; Risk factor","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43287721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The article presents the research results into the influence of the content of a chemical-based stabilizing admixture in the form of starch on the change in the consistency of the concrete mix. The assessment of the impact of the stabilizing admixture dosed in the amount of 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% in relation to the mass of cement on the change in consistency was made based on the cone drop test according to PN-EN 12350-2:2019-07. From the prepared concrete mixes, samples were also made for testing concrete density according to PN-EN 12390-7:2019-08 and compressive strength according to PN-EN 12390- 3:2019-07. For the developed composition of the concrete mix, a standard (reference) mix was prepared, which was used to compare the test results from samples containing admixture in different amounts. Based on the tests carried out, it was found that the applied stabilizing admixture based on starch with a different percentage share concerning the mass of cement significantly reduces the consistency. The use of an admixture in the case of a concrete mix with too high consistency gives the possibility of changing its purpose without affecting the other parameters. Keywords: Concrete mix; Starch; Concrete consistency
{"title":"The effect of a starch-based stabilizing admixture on a change in the consistency of a concrete mix","authors":"Marcin Bilski, A. Małek, J. Nowak","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_12_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_12_04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The article presents the research results into the influence of the content of a chemical-based stabilizing admixture in the form of starch on the change in the consistency of the concrete mix. The assessment of the impact of the stabilizing admixture dosed in the amount of 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% in relation to the mass of cement on the change in consistency was made based on the cone drop test according to PN-EN 12350-2:2019-07. From the prepared concrete mixes, samples were also made for testing concrete density according to PN-EN 12390-7:2019-08 and compressive strength according to PN-EN 12390- 3:2019-07. For the developed composition of the concrete mix, a standard (reference) mix was prepared, which was used to compare the test results from samples containing admixture in different amounts. Based on the tests carried out, it was found that the applied stabilizing admixture based on starch with a different percentage share concerning the mass of cement significantly reduces the consistency. The use of an admixture in the case of a concrete mix with too high consistency gives the possibility of changing its purpose without affecting the other parameters. Keywords: Concrete mix; Starch; Concrete consistency","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44808231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The level of traffic noise depends mainly on road traffic parameters such as: traffic volume, share of trucks in traffic and vehicles speed. Traffic conditions determined by such parameters as, for example, the average travel speed, average delays at the intersection and the number of vehicles stops are also important. Their particular importance is revealed especially in the case of bad traffic conditions and a significant reduction of traffic flow. The paper presents selected methods of measuring road traffic parameters, and in particular - traffic conditions on the example of research on their impact on the noise level in the vicinity of the street and intersections. The results of these tests are also presented, determining the impact of such parameters on traffic noise as: instantaneous speed, sectional speed, average delays at the intersection entry, the number of vehicle stops, volume to capacity of the entry ratio. Keywords: Traffic noise; Traffic conditions; Traffic parameters; Measurement methods
{"title":"Measurements of traffic parameters and conditions in traffic noise research","authors":"M. Motylewicz","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_12_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_12_03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The level of traffic noise depends mainly on road traffic parameters such as: traffic volume, share of trucks in traffic and vehicles speed. Traffic conditions determined by such parameters as, for example, the average travel speed, average delays at the intersection and the number of vehicles stops are also important. Their particular importance is revealed especially in the case of bad traffic conditions and a significant reduction of traffic flow. The paper presents selected methods of measuring road traffic parameters, and in particular - traffic conditions on the example of research on their impact on the noise level in the vicinity of the street and intersections. The results of these tests are also presented, determining the impact of such parameters on traffic noise as: instantaneous speed, sectional speed, average delays at the intersection entry, the number of vehicle stops, volume to capacity of the entry ratio. Keywords: Traffic noise; Traffic conditions; Traffic parameters; Measurement methods","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42327389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Railway lines have an impact on the surrounding environment, both during the construction or modernization phase and during operation. Animal mortality due to collisions is an increasingly well-known impact, but usually the barrier effect that occurs as a result of line fencing is a much more serious threat. Collisions also have other aspects: train delays and damage, and a threat to traffic safety. Most often they occur in the morning and afternoon hours, and in the annual cycle during the mating season of a given species and after the separation of young animals from their mothers. Since the train does not resemble a predator, wild animals do not instinctively fear it and learn to ignore the movement of the trains. Keywords: Railway lines; Environmental impact; Wildlife
{"title":"The influence of railway lines on the life of wild animals","authors":"M. Stolarski, Joanna Żyłkowska","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_12_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_12_02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Railway lines have an impact on the surrounding environment, both during the construction or modernization phase and during operation. Animal mortality due to collisions is an increasingly well-known impact, but usually the barrier effect that occurs as a result of line fencing is a much more serious threat. Collisions also have other aspects: train delays and damage, and a threat to traffic safety. Most often they occur in the morning and afternoon hours, and in the annual cycle during the mating season of a given species and after the separation of young animals from their mothers. Since the train does not resemble a predator, wild animals do not instinctively fear it and learn to ignore the movement of the trains. Keywords: Railway lines; Environmental impact; Wildlife","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44071649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The article explores the possibility of using railway vehicle simulators and train traffic management station simulators for training Warsaw metro employees. The great benefits of using simulators are pointed out. On the basis of experience, positive opinions of candidates and employees who already have qualifications in terms of the possibility of practicing many incidental situations rarely occurring in reality have been observed. The use of simulators allows for the repetition of the same exercises for all employees and the initial verification of the trainee's predisposition to perform given activities. Keywords: Training; Simulator; Metro
{"title":"The use of simulators in the training process of train drivers and train and station dispatchers","authors":"Ireneusz Grunke","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_11_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_11_01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The article explores the possibility of using railway vehicle simulators and train traffic management station simulators for training Warsaw metro employees. The great benefits of using simulators are pointed out. On the basis of experience, positive opinions of candidates and employees who already have qualifications in terms of the possibility of practicing many incidental situations rarely occurring in reality have been observed. The use of simulators allows for the repetition of the same exercises for all employees and the initial verification of the trainee's predisposition to perform given activities. Keywords: Training; Simulator; Metro","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48047321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The article analyzes the main directions of long-distance rail transport in Poland, confronting them with the main directions of population movements in individual road transport, which allowed for the formulation of a general conclusion as to the polycentric rather than monocentric system of the Polish land transport network, in which the main passenger flows are closed in two circles. The smaller circle is formed by Warsaw, Łódź, Poznań and Bydgoszcz with Toruń, while the larger one is defined by the main cities of northern, eastern, southern and western Poland. On the basis of this analysis, a general recommendation was formulated that when designing the spatial and geographical layout of new high-speed railway lines, the layout of passenger flows inside the country should also be taken into account. The new concepts of the geographic route of high-speed railway lines related to the railway component of the project to build the Central Communication Port (CPK) in Poland do not fully take into account this postulate because they have been completely subordinated to the function of transporting and transporting passengers to the planned central airport. In the further part of the article, after a critical analysis of the assumed spatial and geographical routes of new high-speed lines Warsaw - Łódź - Poznań / Wrocław, the CPK - Płock - Grudziądz - Gdańsk line and the designed sections of high-speed lines for the CPK - Rzeszów transport route, specific corrections of their spatial routes are proposed. Keywords: Railway development in Poland; Railway component of the CPK project; High Speed Railways
{"title":"Planned spatial arrangement of high-speed railway lines in Poland","authors":"J. Engelhardt","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_11_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_11_02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The article analyzes the main directions of long-distance rail transport in Poland, confronting them with the main directions of population movements in individual road transport, which allowed for the formulation of a general conclusion as to the polycentric rather than monocentric system of the Polish land transport network, in which the main passenger flows are closed in two circles. The smaller circle is formed by Warsaw, Łódź, Poznań and Bydgoszcz with Toruń, while the larger one is defined by the main cities of northern, eastern, southern and western Poland. On the basis of this analysis, a general recommendation was formulated that when designing the spatial and geographical layout of new high-speed railway lines, the layout of passenger flows inside the country should also be taken into account. The new concepts of the geographic route of high-speed railway lines related to the railway component of the project to build the Central Communication Port (CPK) in Poland do not fully take into account this postulate because they have been completely subordinated to the function of transporting and transporting passengers to the planned central airport. In the further part of the article, after a critical analysis of the assumed spatial and geographical routes of new high-speed lines Warsaw - Łódź - Poznań / Wrocław, the CPK - Płock - Grudziądz - Gdańsk line and the designed sections of high-speed lines for the CPK - Rzeszów transport route, specific corrections of their spatial routes are proposed. Keywords: Railway development in Poland; Railway component of the CPK project; High Speed Railways","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47586428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: This article describes the conditions for the functioning of railway transport in the area of the Warsaw agglomeration, the legal conditions for the functioning of metropolitan areas and attempts to define the areas of development and limitations for sustainable transport. Due to the professional experience of the authors, an additional issue discussed in this study will be the functioning of rail transport on the example of the Fast Urban Railway sp. z o.o. in Warsaw. Keywords: Agglomeration; Railway transport; Suburban train
摘要:本文描述了华沙城市群地区铁路运输运作的条件，都市区运作的法律条件，并试图界定可持续运输的发展领域和限制。由于作者的专业经验，本研究中讨论的另一个问题将以华沙的快速城市铁路sp. z .o.为例，讨论铁路运输的功能。关键词:集聚;铁路运输;郊区火车
{"title":"Rail transport in the Warsaw agglomeration as a determinant of sustainable transport","authors":"Alan Beroud, Ewelina Golańska","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_11_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_11_03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article describes the conditions for the functioning of railway transport in the area of the Warsaw agglomeration, the legal conditions for the functioning of metropolitan areas and attempts to define the areas of development and limitations for sustainable transport. Due to the professional experience of the authors, an additional issue discussed in this study will be the functioning of rail transport on the example of the Fast Urban Railway sp. z o.o. in Warsaw. Keywords: Agglomeration; Railway transport; Suburban train","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41857655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The aim of this article is to present the results of a survey, conducted among entrepreneurs and managers responsible for transport and logistics, relating to the role of environmental factors in shaping the transport market. Analysis of the results allows for an assessment of the current and future importance of environmental issues affecting the transport market. The text includes a brief introduction, a description of the research methodology and a presentation of the results and observed trends. It concludes with a summary, indicating the evolution of the elements determining transport contracting and the resulting growing development potential for rail transport. Keywords: Sustainable Transport; Green Supply Chains; Climate Policy; Freight Rail Development
{"title":"Ecological incentives as a component of rail freight's expansion potential","authors":"Jakub Majewski","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_11_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_11_04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The aim of this article is to present the results of a survey, conducted among entrepreneurs and managers responsible for transport and logistics, relating to the role of environmental factors in shaping the transport market. Analysis of the results allows for an assessment of the current and future importance of environmental issues affecting the transport market. The text includes a brief introduction, a description of the research methodology and a presentation of the results and observed trends. It concludes with a summary, indicating the evolution of the elements determining transport contracting and the resulting growing development potential for rail transport. Keywords: Sustainable Transport; Green Supply Chains; Climate Policy; Freight Rail Development","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44351117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The load-bearing capacity of natural airport surfaces directly affects the safety of air operations. Natural airport surfaces at military airports are front seat belts, work belts and side seat belts. The load-bearing capacity of the natural airport pavements must be high enough to prevent damage to the aircraft from the runway, damage to the underground infrastructure of the airport, and to enable quick restoration of the airport's operational capacity by efficient removal of the aircraft from the natural surface by airport services. That is why it is so important to have a quick and effective method of strengthening natural surfaces. The article proposes to improve the load-bearing capacity of natural airport pavements by using geogrids (airport gratings) pressed into the existing pavement. Keywords: Carrying capacity; Natural airport pavement; Safety Conducting air operations
{"title":"A quick method of improving the load-bearing capacity of natural airport pavements","authors":"M. Wesołowski, Krzysztof Blacha, A. Kowalewska","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_10_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_10_03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The load-bearing capacity of natural airport surfaces directly affects the safety of air operations. Natural airport surfaces at military airports are front seat belts, work belts and side seat belts. The load-bearing capacity of the natural airport pavements must be high enough to prevent damage to the aircraft from the runway, damage to the underground infrastructure of the airport, and to enable quick restoration of the airport's operational capacity by efficient removal of the aircraft from the natural surface by airport services. That is why it is so important to have a quick and effective method of strengthening natural surfaces. The article proposes to improve the load-bearing capacity of natural airport pavements by using geogrids (airport gratings) pressed into the existing pavement. Keywords: Carrying capacity; Natural airport pavement; Safety Conducting air operations","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46180266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The intensification of air operations in recent years has resulted in an increase in stresses and deformations in concrete pavements. In terms of mass, dynamic and temperature interactions, these are measurable phenomena that can be determined and predicted using appropriate methods and algorithms. Another type of impact that does not occur in an avalanche-like manner on pavements is their random destruction caused by the presence and operation of exploitation media. The article presents the impact of selected measures on the change of concrete parameters and its durability in the pavement structure. The effects of this impact are significant and clearly destructive for concrete pavements. In addition to the measurable decrease in the mechanical parameters of concrete, there is an interference of media with the concrete structure, which in the presence of extreme temperatures (positive and negative) is a challenge for concrete technologists, contractors and users of airport pavements. The nature of the impact of exploitation media is varied and in most cases there is a combined effect of them on pavements. It has been shown that the operational coatings currently applied to pavements are only partially effective for these media, and learning about the nature and manner of impact makes it possible to effectively limit these unfavorable, objectively occurring phenomena. Keywords: Concrete airport pavement; Operating media
{"title":"Influence of the media used in the operation of aircraft on the durability of airport cement surfaces","authors":"P. Nita, M. Linek","doi":"10.35117/a_eng_22_10_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_22_10_01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The intensification of air operations in recent years has resulted in an increase in stresses and deformations in concrete pavements. In terms of mass, dynamic and temperature interactions, these are measurable phenomena that can be determined and predicted using appropriate methods and algorithms. Another type of impact that does not occur in an avalanche-like manner on pavements is their random destruction caused by the presence and operation of exploitation media. The article presents the impact of selected measures on the change of concrete parameters and its durability in the pavement structure. The effects of this impact are significant and clearly destructive for concrete pavements. In addition to the measurable decrease in the mechanical parameters of concrete, there is an interference of media with the concrete structure, which in the presence of extreme temperatures (positive and negative) is a challenge for concrete technologists, contractors and users of airport pavements. The nature of the impact of exploitation media is varied and in most cases there is a combined effect of them on pavements. It has been shown that the operational coatings currently applied to pavements are only partially effective for these media, and learning about the nature and manner of impact makes it possible to effectively limit these unfavorable, objectively occurring phenomena. Keywords: Concrete airport pavement; Operating media","PeriodicalId":52762,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Komunikacyjny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46544547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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