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TV FORMAT PROTECTION THROUGH COPYRIGHT - OPPORTUNITIES AND DILEMMA 通过版权保护电视格式--机遇与困境
Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.59864/oditor12407nj
Milica Njegovan, Iva Šiđanin
TV formats represent popular media content, which attracts a large number of viewers around the world. However, their legal is not regulated enough. The basic dilemma in legal theory and judicial practice is the possibility of copyright protection of TV formats. The aim of this paper is to try to determine the possibility of legal protection of the TV format as an author's work by analyzing domestic and foreign judicial practice, as well as the existing literature. Although some courts have held that a TV format can be protected as a whole, including its technical elements, this is more the exception than the rule. Most of the time, the disputed question comes down to the elements that have been copied, and concerns the basic idea or concept of the TV format. Nevertheless, there is a tendency on the international level towards more and more frequent recognition of copyright protection of TV formats, but under certain conditions. Thus, rarefaction, originality and typed structure of the format that can be repeated, as well as the way of defining the author's work in legislation are some of the elements that influence whether the TV format will be recognized and protected as an author's work.
电视形式代表着流行的媒体内容,吸引着世界各地的大量观众。然而,对其法律监管却不够。法律理论和司法实践中的基本难题是电视格式版权保护的可能性。本文旨在通过分析国内外司法实践以及现有文献,尝试确定电视格式作为作者作品受法律保护的可能性。尽管有些法院认为电视格式可以作为一个整体受到保护,包括其技术要素,但这更多的是例外而非规则。大多数情况下,有争议的问题归结于被复制的元素,涉及电视格式的基本思想或概念。不过,国际上有一种趋势,即越来越多地承认对电视格式的版权保护,但必须在一定条件下。因此,格式的稀有性、独创性和可重复的类型化结构,以及立法对作者作品的定义方式,都是影响电视格式是否作为作者作品得到承认和保护的一些因素。
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引用次数: 0
FORMA HARTIJA OD VREDNOSTI PRAVNO-EKONOMSKA ANALIZA forma hartija od vrednosti pravnoo-ekonomka analiza
Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.59864/oditor12401m
Gordana Mrdak, Milija Bogavac, Milan Rajković, Miljan Žižić
Unavoidable question to determine whether there are and what is the significance for the assessment of the legal nature of securities of changes in essential form, and more precisely, the abandonment of a security as a written document in the form of an incorporeal scriptural record, regardless of whether this principle (let's call it by the principle of registration), realized in the register of accounting or computer techniques.This is where we encounter the inaccuracy of the formulation adopted until now, which did not come to the fore in the conditions of non-existence of competition in the form of securities. Namely, we identified the legal relationship from the security with its apparent form as an essential form. In order to examine the legal nature, not of a security as a form (which cannot have a legal nature in the aforementioned sense), but of the right embodied in such a form, it is clear that we are talking about and establishing the existence of possible effects of changes in the form in which it is incorporated, i.e. presented (in a dematerialized way) the same right.
不可避免的问题是要确定是否存在基本形式的变化,更确切地说,是放弃将证券作为无形的经文记录形式的书面文件,无论这一原则(让我们用登记原则来称呼它)是否在会计登记簿或计算机技术中实现,以及对证券法律性质的评估有何意义。这就是我们遇到的迄今为止所采用的表述不准确的地方,在证券形式不存在竞争的条件下,这一表述并没有凸显出来。也就是说,我们将证券的法律关系与其表面形式确定为一种基本形式。为了审查证券的法律性质,而不是证券作为一种形式(不可能具有上述意义上的法律性质) 的法律性质,而是这种形式所体现的权利的法律性质,很明显,我们是在讨论和确定其所包含 的形式(即(以非物质化的方式)呈现的相同权利)的变化可能产生的影响。
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引用次数: 0
DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN DEMOCRATIC STATES AND THEIR POLITICAL SYSTEMS WITH REFERENCE TO THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA 现代民主国家及其政治制度的发展,以塞尔维亚共和国的政治制度为参照
Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.59864/oditor12406p
S. Petrović, Ratko Ljubojević, Andrija Blanuša
The identity of a state is expressed in its external relations, as well as in its internal organization, i.e. the policy it implements. A democratically formed political system implies that the state is successfully organized, the main understanding of society is freedom and justice, democracy does not know war, the principles of justice rule between groups, which means that each group with its own characteristics has the freedom to organize its life and relations with all others groups, the right of independent development must be nurtured, which complements the duties of each individual group. The paper presents the theoretical framework of the appearance of modern democratic states, describes the contemporary practice from developed political systems, expresses the effects of the modern political system and defines three approaches to assessing the validity of the political system, shows a special review of the political system of the Republic of Serbia. The scientific and social justification of this research work is based on pointing out and highlighting the factors that contribute to a greater degree of democracy and less class differences, which certainly determines the political system and society of a modern state, where the Republic of Serbia aspires to be.
一个国家的特性既体现在其对外关系中,也体现在其内部组织中,即体现在其执行的政策中。民主形成的政治体制意味着国家组织成功,对社会的主要理解是自由和正义,民主不懂战争,正义的原则统治着群体之间,这意味着每个具有自身特点的群体都有自由安排自己的生活和与所有其他群体的关系,必须培养独立发展的权利,这是对每个个体群体职责的补充。本文介绍了现代民主国家出现的理论框架,描述了发达政治体制的当代实践,阐述了现代政治体制的影响,确定了评估政治体制有效性的三种方法,并对塞尔维亚共和国的政治体制进行了特别回顾。这项研究工作的科学和社会理由是,指出和强调有助于提高民主程度和减少阶级差异的因素,这无疑决定了塞尔维亚共和国渴望成为的现代国家的政治制度和社会。
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引用次数: 0
DETERMINANTS OF THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT OF SERBIAN ARMY OFFICERS 塞尔维亚军官职业发展的决定因素
Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.59864/oditor12404r
V. Ristić, Anita Pešić, Dragan Bojanić
The development of an officer's career is a very complex process and is determined by numerous factors. The main goal of the paper is to examine the influence of three groups of determinants on the career development of officers of the Serbian Armed Forces (SAF). The survey was conducted on a sample of 219 respondents in 2016 using descriptive and factor analysis (Principal Component Analysis). Descriptive analysis was performed using three groups of determinants, namely: 1) normative-legal assumptions; 2) various subjects of human resources management and 3) planning, selection, training, training and deployment of officers on duty. Factor analysis (orthogonal rotation, Gutman-Kaiser criterion) was performed on a set of 16 manifest variables. The results showed that six factors "determinants of officer career development" have the greatest influence on officer career development.
军官的职业发展是一个非常复杂的过程,由众多因素决定。本文的主要目的是研究三组决定因素对塞尔维亚武装部队(SAF)军官职业发展的影响。该调查于 2016 年对 219 名受访者进行了抽样调查,采用了描述性分析和因素分析(主成分分析)。描述性分析使用了三组决定因素,即1)规范-法律假设;2)人力资源管理的各种科目;3)执勤军官的规划、选拔、培训、训练和部署。对一组 16 个显性变量进行了因子分析(正交旋转,Gutman-Kaiser 标准)。结果表明,"军官职业发展的决定因素 "等六个因素对军官职业发展的影响最大。
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引用次数: 0
INTERDEPENDENCE OF OIL PRICE VOLATILITY AND RUBLE EXCHANGE RATE DURING THE CRISIS IN UKRAINE 乌克兰危机期间石油价格波动与卢布汇率的相互依存关系
Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.59864/oditor12402b
Suzana Balaban, Vladimir Pavićević, Milica Simić
The subject of research in this paper is the impact of the crisis in Ukraine on the volatility of the ruble and oil, as well as the correlation of these values with each other. In order to investigate the impact of the crisis in Ukraine as an external shock on the volatility of the ruble and crude oil, changes in the ratio of their values were analyzed on a daily basis, in the observed period during 2022 and the first four months of 2023. The analysis of time series, and then the comparative analysis of the mentioned data and the use of the GARCH model determined a certain divergence in the very nature of the behavior and movement of the ruble and oil immediately before the beginning and during the crisis in Ukraine, during the observed period. There is no doubt that the Russian currency and crude oil markets behaved much more volatile in this period, which implies a significantly greater impact on economic activities, bearing in mind the instability of the value of the ruble and oil as significant factors affecting the overall economic trends in the world.
本文的研究课题是乌克兰危机对卢布和石油波动性的影响,以及这些数值之间的相互关系。为了研究乌克兰危机作为外部冲击对卢布和原油波动性的影响,本文分析了 2022 年和 2023 年前四个月观察期间每日卢布和原油价值比率的变化。通过对时间序列进行分析,然后对上述数据进行比较分析,并使用 GARCH 模型,确定了在观察期内,卢布和原油在乌克兰危机开始前和危机期间的行为和变动性质存在一定的差异。毫无疑问,俄罗斯货币和原油市场在这一时期的波动要大得多,这意味着对经济活动的影响要大得多,因为卢布和石油价值的不稳定性是影响世界整体经济趋势的重要因素。
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引用次数: 0
ANALIZA ODNOSA INDEKSA DIGITALNIH VEŠTINA I RAZVOJA EKONOMIJE 分析数字经济指数和经济趋势
Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.59864/oditor12408s
Dragana Stefanović, Ignjatijević Svetlana, Ivana Božović
The transition from the industrial age to the age of knowledge or information age implies the adoption of new knowledge and skills that become the main resource of business. The consequence of constant technological innovations is the need for new knowledge and skills, such as digital literacy and digital skills, which have become one of the most important resources for the development of industry, and therefore the economy. The subject of research in this paper is the analysis of the DSI index ( Digital Skill Index ) for the years 2021 and 2023 and the DQL index ( Digital Quality of Life Index ) for a period of five years, with the aim of comparing the data and pointing out the importance of having digital skills and the use of social networks have on the development of the economy. Quantitative research method was used in the research and was implemented dynamic analysis of DSI and DQL indices for Serbia and comparative analysis with other countries in a given time period. The results of the DSI index research for 2021 and 2023 for 36 European countries show that the leading positions were taken by the countries of Northern Europe, the Netherlands, Ireland, Spain and Luxembourg, while Serbia took the 30th position. Certain countries that occupied the central positions in the table in 2019, in 2023 have regressed, that is, progressed, but not to a significant level. On the other hand, the analysis of the DQL index for 50 countries of the world in the period from 2019 to 2023 shows that European countries occupied more than 50 percent among the best-ranked countries in the entire time period, while Serbia was not analyzed in 2019, but in in the next four analyzed years, it reached the top 50 ranked countries in the world. Also, the paper shows the importance of the development of digital skills and the use of social networks in the growth and development of the economy.
从工业时代过渡到知识时代或信息时代,意味着要采用新的知识和技能,使其成为企业的主要资源。不断的技术创新带来了对新知识和新技能的需求,如数字扫盲和数字技能,它们已成为工业乃至经济发展最重要的资源之一。本文的研究课题是分析 2021 年和 2023 年的 DSI 指数(数字技能指数)和五年内的 DQL 指数(数字生活质量指数),目的是比较数据并指出掌握数字技能和使用社交网络对经济发展的重要性。研究采用了定量研究方法,对塞尔维亚的 DSI 和 DQL 指数进行了动态分析,并在一定时期内与其他国家进行了比较分析。对 36 个欧洲国家 2021 年和 2023 年的 DSI 指数研究结果表明,北欧国家、荷兰、爱尔兰、西班牙和卢森堡居于领先地位,而塞尔维亚居于第 30 位。某些在 2019 年占据表格中心位置的国家,在 2023 年出现了倒退,即进步,但进步幅度不大。另一方面,对 2019 年至 2023 年期间世界 50 个国家的 DQL 指数进行的分析表明,欧洲国家在整个时间段内占据了排名最佳国家的 50%以上,而塞尔维亚在 2019 年没有被分析,但在接下来的四年中,它进入了世界排名前 50 位的国家。此外,论文还显示了发展数字技能和使用社交网络对经济增长和发展的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
INOVACIONI MAKROMENADŽMENT U EKONOMIJI ZNANJA 创新与经济发展
Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.59864/oditor12403m
Srdjan Milićević, Vladimir Kostić, Maja Stošković
After explaining the key postulates of the knowledge economy paradigm, the paper looks at the importance of unifying national policies of scientific, technological and industrial development in the form of innovative macro-management. A review has been made on the instruments offers demands and protection using which the entrepreneurial state works on the promotion national innovation Authors represent the opinion that the main building block of innovation macro-management is the concept of the national innovation system (NIS), whereby the unification platform activities academic community economy state and society represent so called spiral models innovation Base these model makes learning communicating and cooperation as a fundamental social process, on the one hand, and the growing network of activities of all participants in the creation of new knowledge and especially in the commercial valorization of knowledge into innovations, on the other hand.
在解释了知识经济范式的关键假设之后,本文探讨了以创新宏观管理的形式统一国家科学、技术和产业发展政策的重要性。作者认为,创新宏观管理的主要组成部分是国家创新体系(NIS)的概念,学术界、经济界、国家和社会的统一平台活动代表了所谓的螺旋模型创新基地,这些模型一方面使学习交流与合作成为基本的社会过程,另一方面使所有参与者在创造新知识,特别是在将知识转化为创新的商业价值方面的活动网络不断扩大。
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引用次数: 0
THE CAPABILITY OF THE PUBLIC INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTION IN SERBIA TO EFFECTIVELY CARRY OUT ITS ROLE 塞尔维亚公共内部审计职能有效发挥作用的能力
Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.59864/oditor12405bt
Jozefina Beke Trivunac, G. Vukelić, Stefan Milojević
The aim of this paper is to assess the capability of the internal audit function in the Serbian public sector to add value to the public sector entities by performing its work effectively, to support progress of and achieve the requirements of EU Chapter 32 – Financial control, opened in 2015. We reviewed the annual reports regularly published by the Ministry of finance as well as SAI’s annual activity reports for the period from 2016 to 2022. The results of our analysis show that the internal audit function in the Serbian public sector is still at the initial stage of its development. Our recommendation refers to the change of the model of organization of the internal audit function in the small entities and providing adequate resources for internal auditor’s continual professional education.
本文旨在评估塞尔维亚公共部门内部审计职能的能力,以通过有效开展工作为公共部门实体增加价值,支持2015年开放的欧盟第32章--财务控制的进展并实现其要求。我们审查了财政部定期发布的年度报告以及最高审计机关 2016 年至 2022 年期间的年度活动报告。我们的分析结果表明,塞尔维亚公共部门的内部审计职能仍处于初步发展阶段。我们的建议是改变小型实体内部审计职能的组织模式,并为内部审计师的持续专业教育提供充足的资源。
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引用次数: 0
The internal green marketing dimensions, employees' satisfaction, and employees' organizational identification 内部绿色营销维度、员工满意度、员工组织认同
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/oditor2301047m
V. Milanovic, Andrea Bučalina-Matić, Ana Jurčić
Examining the impact of green orientation and other similar practices in an organization on employees' organizational identification is becoming increasingly important. At the same time, internal green marketing is increasingly attracting the attention of researchers. However, there is a lack of studies in which the primary goal was to examine the relationship between internal green marketing, employee satisfaction in its context, and employees' organizational identification. Hence, the aim of this paper was to determine whether there is a relationship between all dimensions of internal green marketing and organizational identification of employees, as well as between employees' satisfaction and organizational identification. The online survey was conducted among employees of different organizations in the Republic of Serbia. The regression and correlation analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The obtained results showed a statistically significant positive relationship between each dimension of internal green marketing and employees' organizational identification as well as between employees' satisfaction and organizational identification. For future research, a longitudinal study is recommended, testing the relationships between these variables on a larger sample, and testing on a sample of managers.
研究绿色取向和组织中其他类似实践对员工组织认同的影响变得越来越重要。与此同时,内部绿色营销也越来越受到研究者的关注。然而,缺乏研究的主要目标是检查内部绿色营销,员工满意度在其背景下,员工的组织认同之间的关系。因此,本文的目的是确定内部绿色营销的各个维度与员工组织认同之间是否存在关系,以及员工满意度与组织认同之间是否存在关系。这项在线调查是在塞尔维亚共和国不同组织的员工中进行的。采用回归分析和相关分析对假设进行检验。所得结果显示,内部绿色营销各维度与员工组织认同、员工满意度与组织认同之间存在显著的正相关关系。对于未来的研究,建议进行纵向研究,在更大的样本上测试这些变量之间的关系,并在经理样本上进行测试。
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引用次数: 1
The role and significance of audit sampling in the modern enterprise 审计抽样在现代企业中的作用和意义
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/oditor2301001k
Nikola Krunić, Gordana Stojmenović, Saša Kukolj
Auditing is an activity that is present in today's world at every step and in every branch of the economy. When we mean the audit of financial operations, it means that the audit is carried out on the total financial operations of the entity in a certain period of time or includes the audit of a specific economic sector. The audit of financial operations is carried out with the aim of determining the actual financial condition of the entity in a certain period. It is also carried out in situations where there is suspicion of misuse of financial documents or in other situations when management authorities require it. It differs from other types of audit, not only because the subject of the audit is financial statements, but it is necessary that its auditors possess professional and ethical qualities. The audit of financial statements includes the collection and evaluation of evidence in a systematic way, which creates a basis for validating financial statements and checking their compliance with international accounting standards and international financial reporting standards.
审计是当今世界经济的每一个环节和每一个部门都存在的一项活动。我们所说的财务业务审计,是指对企业在一定时期内的全部财务业务进行审计,或者包括对某一特定经济部门的审计。财务业务审计的目的是确定企业在一定期间的实际财务状况。在怀疑滥用财务文件的情况下或在管理当局要求的其他情况下,也进行这种调查。它不同于其他类型的审计,不仅因为审计的对象是财务报表,而且审计人员必须具备专业和道德素质。财务报表审计包括系统地收集和评价证据,这为确认财务报表和检查其是否符合国际会计准则和国际财务报告准则奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
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Oditor
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