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Political economy of money 货币政治经济学
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/oditor2301103r
Kristijan Ristić, Aleksandar Živković, Mirjana Jemović
The former polarization of financial theorists regarding the importance of money is characteristic more than a decade confrontation monetarist and Keynesians, theirs long - term debate and opposition thesis " money it's not important " and " just is Money important ", The last two decades of the twentieth century are characteristic of the official common house thesis that " money it is important " The justification for the need for a theoretical analysis in this work and today is found in the fact that contemporary macroeconomic theory recognizes the end of radical anti-Keynesianism and at the same time the end of the intellectual monopoly of the dominant neoliberal doctrine that logically relies on and/or emerges from it, namely monetarism and all later theoretical derivatives. On the other hand, the goal of this work is not to reach the possibility of formulating new theoretical propositions, but rather to review the conflicting positions of representatives of different doctrines in financial theory to see current problems and controversies, and possibly still unresolved dilemmas, both in financial theory and in the management of monetary policy. and fiscal policies. in the world and here too.
金融理论家在货币重要性问题上的两极分化是十多年来货币主义者和凯恩斯主义者对峙的特征,他们长期争论和反对的论点是“钱不重要”和“钱重要”。二十世纪最后二十年的特点是官方的共同命题"钱很重要"在这项工作中需要理论分析的理由是,在今天的事实中,当代宏观经济理论认识到激进的反凯恩斯主义的终结,同时也认识到主导的新自由主义理论的知识垄断的终结,这种理论在逻辑上依赖于或来自于凯恩斯主义,也就是货币主义和所有后来的理论衍生品。另一方面,这项工作的目标不是达到制定新的理论命题的可能性,而是回顾金融理论中不同学说的代表的冲突立场,以看到当前的问题和争议,以及可能仍未解决的困境,无论是在金融理论还是在货币政策管理中。还有财政政策。在世界上,在这里也一样。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of the pandemic COVID - 19 on the digitalization of the banking sector of Serbia COVID - 19大流行对塞尔维亚银行业数字化的影响
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/oditor2301127b
J. Božović, I. Božović
This paper examines the consequences of COVID-19 on the digitalization of the banking sector, in order to identify the challenges and opportunities of the banking sector in Serbia. The research consists of two parts. The first part uses statistical data from regulatory and supervisory bodies, and the second part refers to field research, which is based on a survey. Data processing was created using IBM SPSS Statistics software. Survey questionnaires were collected in the period from January to May 2022. The answers of 174 respondents, bank clients, were accepted for analysis. The questionnaire was compiled using a five-point Likert scale. This sample may not be entirely representative, but in any case it is sufficiently informative, as it is possible to draw a conclusion about the contribution of each variable to the development of digital banking. To analyze the relationship between the metric variable and several independent variables, we use multiple or multiple regression. Our assessments reveal the impact of digital products and services on the development of digital banking. In the research, specific goals should be determined, specifically what percentage of respondents are familiar with digital banking services. Also, further analysis should verify the statement that the proportion of respondents who have a negative attitude towards digital banking is less than 45%. In this research, regression analysis was used, as part of the analysis used to form the digital maturity of clients in Serbia. A two-factor analysis was used to research the preferred types of banking products and services. Data analysis using SPSS version 20 for Windows shows that: There is a positive and significant impact of digital banking products on bank customer satisfaction. Analyzed models for researching client preferences indicate that the bank's managerial approach implies real knowledge and monitoring of the wishes and preferences of its clients, as well as adequate key priorities that managers of the banking industry should provide. The research results show that a digital bank can be a unique answer to all challenges, as well as the most effective tool for retaining and attracting clients.
本文探讨了2019冠状病毒病对银行业数字化的影响,以确定塞尔维亚银行业面临的挑战和机遇。本研究分为两部分。第一部分使用监管机构的统计数据,第二部分是基于调查的实地研究。数据处理采用IBM SPSS统计软件。调查问卷于2022年1月至5月收集。174名银行客户的回答被接受进行分析。调查问卷采用李克特五点量表编制。这个样本可能不完全具有代表性,但无论如何,它都具有足够的信息,因为可以得出关于每个变量对数字银行发展的贡献的结论。为了分析度量变量和几个自变量之间的关系,我们使用多元或多元回归。我们的评估揭示了数字产品和服务对数字银行发展的影响。在研究中,应该确定具体的目标,特别是受访者熟悉数字银行服务的百分比。此外,进一步的分析应该验证对数字银行持负面态度的受访者比例不到45%的说法。在本研究中,回归分析被用作分析的一部分,用于形成塞尔维亚客户的数字成熟度。使用双因素分析来研究银行产品和服务的首选类型。使用SPSS version 20 for Windows进行数据分析表明:数字银行产品对银行客户满意度有显著的正向影响。研究客户偏好的分析模型表明,银行的管理方法意味着对客户的愿望和偏好的真正了解和监控,以及银行业管理者应该提供的适当的关键优先事项。研究结果表明,数字银行可以成为应对所有挑战的独特答案,也是留住和吸引客户的最有效工具。
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引用次数: 0
Legal aspects of fighting cyber crime in the European Union 欧盟打击网络犯罪的法律问题
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/oditor2301017b
Iris Bjelica-Vlajić, B. Nikolic, Nadežda Gudelj
The development of information technologies and the Internet and the commission of criminal acts in this new environment leads to the emergence of transnational, high-tech crime. Competent bodies for the fight against crime are hindered in achieving results by the traditional division into national jurisdictions, while there are no such restrictions for perpetrators. Cyber activities cause great damage and consequences to natural or legal persons, illegally appropriate financial resources and protected data. The specificities of high-tech crime require the specialization of state authorities because in the fight against crime, individual rights, privacy and freedoms of individuals must not be jeopardized. The aim of this paper is to show how the legislation of the European Union (EU) and the activities of its institutions improve the prevention, investigation and prosecution of perpetrators and build capacities in the judiciary. Harmonization of domestic law with EU law in the field of combating cybercrime is provided for in Chapter 24 of the "Justice, Freedom, Security" negotiations. In answering the question of what are the legal aspects of combating cybercrime in the EU, historical-comparative, content analysis and deductive methods were used.
信息技术和互联网的发展以及在这种新环境下的犯罪行为导致了跨国高科技犯罪的出现。打击犯罪的主管机构由于传统上划分为国家管辖范围而难以取得成果,而对犯罪者则没有这种限制。网络活动对自然人或法人、非法占用金融资源和受保护数据造成巨大损害和后果。高技术犯罪的特殊性要求国家当局专业化,因为在打击犯罪的斗争中,个人权利、隐私和自由绝不能受到损害。本文的目的是展示欧洲联盟(欧盟)的立法及其机构的活动如何改善对犯罪者的预防、调查和起诉,并建立司法机构的能力。在“正义、自由、安全”谈判的第24章中规定了打击网络犯罪领域的国内法与欧盟法律的协调。在回答欧盟打击网络犯罪的法律方面的问题时,使用了历史比较,内容分析和演绎法。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of VAT efficiency in Benelux countries 比荷卢三国增值税效率评价
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/oditor2301071i
Milica Inđić, V. Mirović, Branimir Kalaš, Miloš Đaković
The relevance of value added tax is reflected in the generation of a significant amount of revenue and the suppression of tax evasion. The purpose of the research is aimed at assessing collected revenues and measuring the efficiency of VAT revenue collection in the Benelux countries (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg) for the period 2011-2020. years. Empirical research results indicate that the average VAT efficiency was 59.84% in the observed countries. where the highest degree of efficiency was recorded in Luxembourg, and the lowest value in Belgium. Panel regression results show that economic growth, final consumption, government expenditures and VAT revenues have a positive effect on VAT efficiency in the observed countries. At the same time, variables such as unemployment and inflation, as well as the standard VAT rate, have a negative effect on the efficiency of VAT revenue. The obtained empirical findings can be of help to economic policy makers in the analyzed countries when profiling and adjusting tax policy from the point of view of value added tax.
增值税的相关性体现在产生大量收入和抑制逃税上。本研究旨在评估比荷卢三国(比利时、荷兰和卢森堡)在2011-2020年期间的税收收入和增值税征收效率。年。实证研究结果表明,被调查国家的增值税平均效率为59.84%。其中效率最高的是卢森堡,最低的是比利时。面板回归结果显示,所观察国家的经济增长、最终消费、政府支出和增值税收入对增值税效率有正向影响。同时,失业率和通货膨胀等变量以及增值税标准税率对增值税收入的效率产生了负面影响。所得的实证结果可以为各国经济决策者从增值税的角度分析和调整税收政策提供帮助。
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引用次数: 0
Are the cause of the contractual obligation and the purpose of the contract the same? 合同义务的原因和合同的目的相同吗?
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/oditor2201134j
Milan Ječmenić
The paper examines the relationship between the cause of the contractual obligation and the purpose of the contract. Namely, an attempt is made to answer the question, whether these are two different legal institutes, or if apart from terminology, there are no other differences between them. The problem is analyzed based on the sponsorship agreement. This contract was chosen due to one of its peculiarities. The economic goal of the sponsor is so obvious and visible, that, without any hesitation, one can think about applying the economic concept of the cause of the contractual obligation to this contract. If we take into account that we have a basis for such a thing in court practice (namely, there are decisions in which the economic concept of the cause of the contractual obligation is applied), as well as the fact that in domestic legal doctrine some authors define the purpose of the contract as an economic goal, the issue becomes obvious.
本文考察了合同义务的产生原因与合同目的之间的关系。也就是说,试图回答这个问题,这是否是两个不同的法律机构,或者除了术语之外,它们之间没有其他区别。从赞助协议的角度分析了这一问题。选择这份合同是由于它的一个特点。发起人的经济目标是如此的明显和可见,以至于人们可以毫不犹豫地考虑将合同义务原因的经济概念应用于该合同。如果我们考虑到我们在法庭实践中有这样的基础(即,有一些判决适用合同义务原因的经济概念),以及在国内法律学说中一些作者将合同目的定义为经济目标的事实,那么问题就变得明显了。
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引用次数: 0
The role of social management in business organizations 社会管理在商业组织中的作用
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/oditor2203096i
Vladimir Ilic, S. Marković, Aleksandra Pušara, Jelena Avakumović
The importance of social management oriented to the reduction of social differences and the improvement of the working environment of employees increases in the conditions of growing market competition. Respecting the basic principles of social management, companies can develop special strategies that will influence the increase of competitive advantages and the overall welfare of society. In this regard, the goal of this research is to point out the importance of socially responsible business, which should be organized in such a way as not to harm the environment and society, as well as the rights of employees, and to ensure positive business results.
在市场竞争日益激烈的条件下,以减少社会差异和改善员工工作环境为导向的社会管理的重要性日益增加。尊重社会管理的基本原则,企业可以制定特殊的战略,这将影响竞争优势的增加和社会的整体福利。在这方面,本研究的目的是指出社会责任企业的重要性,企业应该以不损害环境和社会以及员工权利的方式组织,并确保积极的经营成果。
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引用次数: 2
The role of social entrepreneurship in modern business conditions 社会企业家精神在现代商业环境中的作用
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/oditor2202074i
Vladimir Ilic, M. Mihajlović, M. Knežević
The goal this one work is indicate on the meaning and role social entrepreneurial things in contemporary economy working realization overall economic development. The essence existence company in areas social entrepreneurial things it is solution social questions and reduction poor thing. Helping endangered categories residential property implements se active through the Work social company, in particular in countries European union. Development social entrepreneurial things is unambiguously connected with increasing niwa employment, development new ones skills and creation conditions For inclusion in society socially endangered.
本文的目的是表明社会创业事业在当代经济工作中的意义和作用,实现经济的全面发展。企业在社会创业领域存在的本质是解决社会问题,减少贫困。通过Work social公司,特别是在欧盟国家,积极帮助濒危类别住宅物业。发展社会创业事物与增加就业、发展新技能和创造融入社会的条件毫无疑问是有联系的。
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引用次数: 5
The influence of claims payments on the investment portfolio of insurance companies 赔付对保险公司投资组合的影响
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/oditor2203042p
Nemanja Pantić, Karmen Mikulič, M. Lekovič
The need for insurance dates back from the distant past. A lot of time has passed from the primitive insurance forms to its institutionalization and legal implementation. The modern insurance market, regardless of its global character is not equally developed. The unevenness of development is one of its main characteristics, often connected with the achieved level of economic development. Numerous factors influences on the investment activities of insurance companies as the carriers of the insurance market. The subject of this paper will be the examination of the connection of payments of insured sums (damages) on the redistribution of the investment portfolio on the capital market. For this purpose will be formulated two hypotheses, separately for the non-life and life insurance market. Examination of the relationship between the considered variables will be conducted by using SPSS statistical software, ie the Chi-squared test. Regardless of proving the hypotheses will not be possible to draw unique conclusions for both markets.
对保险的需求可以追溯到遥远的过去。从原始的保险形态到其制度化和法制化,经历了很长一段时间。现代保险市场虽然具有全球性,但发展并不均衡。发展的不平衡是其主要特征之一,往往与经济发展的水平有关。保险公司作为保险市场的载体,其投资行为受到诸多因素的影响。本文的主题将是检验保险金额(损害赔偿)的支付与资本市场上投资组合再分配的关系。为此将制定两个假设,分别针对非寿险和寿险市场。使用SPSS统计软件,即卡方检验来检验所考虑的变量之间的关系。无论如何证明这些假设都不可能为两个市场得出独特的结论。
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引用次数: 10
Management of organizational payment security 组织支付安全管理
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/oditor2203072z
Ilija Životić, Kristijan Ristić, Snežana Krstić, Srboljub Nikolić, Bruno Đuran
Risk management in payment transactions includes identifying, measuring and managing risks. That is why it is necessary to establish its effective function in payment transactions. In the last ten years, the development of risk management in countries in transition is evident. Bearing these facts in mind, the aim of this research study is to analyze the risks in payment transactions, with special reference to the analysis of cash management. The results of this overview study show that each bank operates with a smaller or larger number of risks, positioning itself between two extremes: absolute risk acceptance and absolute risk non-acceptance. It is necessary that the level of risk acceptance be proportional to the bank's ability to cover the resulting losses, as well as to achieve an acceptable rate of return. Achieving higher returns is possible if the bank establishes effective identification, measurement and management of business risks. The carriers of security breaches arise from the types of sources from which forms of security breaches will later arise. In order to carry out the defense and protection function, it is necessary to include those measures that provide the possibility of eliminating elements that lead to the violation of security and danger. Those measures must be an integral part of the institution and the execution of the work process. The condition for safe and normal operations in cash payment transactions implies the necessity of having trained personnel for the implementation of the security function. In order to implement the security function and manage it successfully, it is necessary to integrate various norms in the existing legal regulations.
支付交易中的风险管理包括识别、衡量和管理风险。因此,有必要确立其在支付交易中的有效功能。在过去十年中,转型期国家风险管理的发展是显而易见的。考虑到这些事实,本研究的目的是分析支付交易中的风险,特别参考现金管理的分析。这项概览研究的结果表明,每家银行的经营风险数量或多或少,将自己定位在两个极端之间:绝对接受风险和绝对不接受风险。风险接受水平必须与银行弥补由此造成的损失的能力成正比,并达到可接受的回报率。如果银行建立有效的识别、衡量和管理业务风险,就有可能获得更高的回报。安全漏洞的载体产生于源的类型,这些源的类型以后将产生各种形式的安全漏洞。为了履行防御和保护职能,有必要包括那些提供消除导致违反安全和危险的因素的可能性的措施。这些措施必须是机构和工作过程执行的一个组成部分。现金支付交易安全、正常运作的条件意味着必须有训练有素的人员来执行安全职能。为了实现安全功能并对其进行成功的管理,需要对现有法律法规中的各种规范进行整合。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of security management in the detection of money laundering with consequences on the economy 安全管理在侦查洗钱活动中所产生的影响与对经济的影响
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/oditor2202090z
Ilija Životić, Kristijan Ristić, Z. Mirković
The term "money laundering" is often used in the modern economy, as an activity that aims to legalize assets obtained through illegal actions, in order to conceal the true source. Capital acquired in this way represents a danger for every economy, because it enables its entry into legal flows. In this regard, the largest number of countries are trying to use various measures to oppose the spread of this phenomenon and its legalization. The aim of this paper is to point out the measures and actions taken in the area of money laundering prevention and comparison with the countries of the European Union.
“洗钱”一词在现代经济中经常被使用,作为一种旨在将通过非法行动获得的资产合法化,以掩盖其真实来源的活动。以这种方式获得的资本对每个经济体来说都是一种危险,因为它使资本能够进入合法流动。在这方面,大多数国家正试图采取各种措施来反对这种现象的蔓延和合法化。本文的目的是指出在反洗钱领域所采取的措施和行动,并与欧盟国家进行比较。
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引用次数: 0
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Oditor
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