Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-07
Formulation of the problem of the article. The problem of common finding of hydrocarbons and heavy metals in the geological space is very interesting from the point of view of theoretical and practical meaning. It was discussed in many works of domestic and foreign scientists from different positions, stipulated by the absence of ambiguity in the explanation of this fact. It is important that heavy metals are present not only in oils, but also in bitumen of bituminous-hydrothermal mineral associations of ore fields in the region. The main aim of the article is to research the genetic, spatial and temporal correlation of heavy metals and hydrocarbons. Research Methods. The processes adducting to the accumulation of heavy metals in oils and the formation of bituminous-hydrothermal associations in rocks have been researched. In particular, the definition of heavy metals in oils from various deposits of the Dnieper-Donetsk basin was performed using the X-ray fluorescence method and the definition of the isotopic composition of carbon of solid bitumen - by mass spectrometric methods. Results. The processes adducting to the accumulation of heavy metals in oils and the formation of bituminous-hydrothermal associations in rocks have been researched. These processes are associated with ascending heat and mass transfer, which adduct to the unloading of fluid streams, which contained a variety of chemical elements, including compounds of carbon dioxide, methane, mercury vapor, and complexes of heavy metal. Spatially, that process coincides with the anticlannel structures which accompany the zones of deep faults. It has been found that the concentrations of heavy metals in oils are associated with the peculiarities of deposits formation within different geological structures. Physical-chemical conditions for the formation of hydrocarbon-hydrothermal fluid systems, which involve both biogenic and abiogenic (synthesized) hydrocarbons, were determined. The established geochemical regularity of increasing concentrations of heavy metals with the depth of oil occurrence is associated with high contents of sulfur compounds in the form of hydrothermal sulfide minerals, which are actively hydrolyzed at high temperatures and lead to leaching of metals and their entry into fluid`s systems where stable sulfur complexes are formed. Scientific novelty and practical importance. The formation of hydrocarbon-heavy metal systems within the Dnieper-Donetsk basin occurs with the participation of synthesized and organic hydrocarbons, as well as mantle exhalates and hydrothermal vent. The result is cooling of these systems. Hydrocarbon fractions (oil) are enriched with heavy metals, and hydrothermal vents are enriched with bitumen-forming naphthides. The practical importance of this research is increase in the efficiency of forecasting and prospecting of hydrocarbon deposits at the expense of theoretical modeling of the bituminous-hydrothermal mineral associations formation
{"title":"Heavy metals in oils and formation of bitumen-hydrothermal associations in the rocks of the Dnieper-Donetsk paleorift","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-07","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem of the article. The problem of common finding of hydrocarbons and heavy metals in the geological space is very interesting from the point of view of theoretical and practical meaning. It was discussed in many works of domestic and foreign scientists from different positions, stipulated by the absence of ambiguity in the explanation of this fact. It is important that heavy metals are present not only in oils, but also in bitumen of bituminous-hydrothermal mineral associations of ore fields in the region. The main aim of the article is to research the genetic, spatial and temporal correlation of heavy metals and hydrocarbons. Research Methods. The processes adducting to the accumulation of heavy metals in oils and the formation of bituminous-hydrothermal associations in rocks have been researched. In particular, the definition of heavy metals in oils from various deposits of the Dnieper-Donetsk basin was performed using the X-ray fluorescence method and the definition of the isotopic composition of carbon of solid bitumen - by mass spectrometric methods. Results. The processes adducting to the accumulation of heavy metals in oils and the formation of bituminous-hydrothermal associations in rocks have been researched. These processes are associated with ascending heat and mass transfer, which adduct to the unloading of fluid streams, which contained a variety of chemical elements, including compounds of carbon dioxide, methane, mercury vapor, and complexes of heavy metal. Spatially, that process coincides with the anticlannel structures which accompany the zones of deep faults. It has been found that the concentrations of heavy metals in oils are associated with the peculiarities of deposits formation within different geological structures. Physical-chemical conditions for the formation of hydrocarbon-hydrothermal fluid systems, which involve both biogenic and abiogenic (synthesized) hydrocarbons, were determined. The established geochemical regularity of increasing concentrations of heavy metals with the depth of oil occurrence is associated with high contents of sulfur compounds in the form of hydrothermal sulfide minerals, which are actively hydrolyzed at high temperatures and lead to leaching of metals and their entry into fluid`s systems where stable sulfur complexes are formed. Scientific novelty and practical importance. The formation of hydrocarbon-heavy metal systems within the Dnieper-Donetsk basin occurs with the participation of synthesized and organic hydrocarbons, as well as mantle exhalates and hydrothermal vent. The result is cooling of these systems. Hydrocarbon fractions (oil) are enriched with heavy metals, and hydrothermal vents are enriched with bitumen-forming naphthides. The practical importance of this research is increase in the efficiency of forecasting and prospecting of hydrocarbon deposits at the expense of theoretical modeling of the bituminous-hydrothermal mineral associations formation ","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78101216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-03
Formulation of the problem. The State Hydrogeological Monitoring Network has to provide the necessary information to manage groundwater resources and prevent negative changes in the geological environment. Currently, there is a negative tendency to decrease the number of observation wells, loss of information about the space-time variability of the hydrogeological regime elements in Ukraine. In conditions of limited funding, an important task is to develop an effective strategy for reforming the hydrogeological monitoring system, taking into account international experience and based on modern geoinformation technologies. Particular attention has to be given to transboundary territories. One of them is the Pripyat River basin, which is characterized by the low level of the State Hydrogeological Monitoring Network representativeness, both in comparison with European Union standards and with the existing groundwater monitoring network of neighbouring Belarus. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the actual state of the hydrogeological observation wells network and optimize it within the territory of the Ukrainian part of the transboundary Pripyat watershed basin. Methodology and materials. The State Scientific and Production Enterprise "Geoinform of Ukraine" database of State Groundwater Monitoring System composition and functioning as well as zoning map under the conditions of water exchange formation in the upper water-bearing level were used for the study. For the studied territory of the water exchange basin of Pripyat, the analysis of density and uniformity of the observation points distribution as well as the variogram analysis of the spatial distribution of groundwater-level altitudes within the study area were carried. For the actual monitoring network, the expected error of the spatial modelling of the groundwater-surface was evaluated. Results. The obtained results of the geostatistical analysis made it possible to substantiate the project wells locations within the water exchange sub-basins to improve the quality of hydrogeological monitoring problem solutions. Scientific novelty. The method of the hydrogeological monitoring network optimization has been improved based on geoinformation and geostatistical approaches and implemented for the Ukrainian part of the Pripyat River basin, taking into account the hydrogeological conditions of the territory and the configuration of the existing network. Practical significance. Optimization and increment of the observation wells network, taking into account the obtained results, will provide the effective functioning of the hydrogeological monitoring system within the Ukrainian part of the Pripyat River basin and will have an economic effect, given that the cost of any measures to improve the groundwater quality and quantity is far more expensive than the monitoring system optimization.
问题的表述。国家水文地质监测网应当为地下水资源管理和防止地质环境的消极变化提供必要的信息。目前，乌克兰有观测井数量减少的负面趋势，水文地质制度要素时空变异性信息丢失。在资金有限的情况下，一项重要任务是制定一项有效的战略，改革水文地质监测系统，考虑到国际经验并以现代地质信息技术为基础。必须特别注意跨界领土。其中之一是普里皮亚季河流域，其特点是，与欧洲联盟的标准和邻国白俄罗斯现有的地下水监测网相比，国家水文地质监测网的代表性较低。本文的目的是评价跨界普里皮亚季流域乌克兰部分境内水文地质观测井网的实际状况，并对其进行优化。方法和材料。研究使用国家科学和生产企业“Geoinform of Ukraine”国家地下水监测系统组成和功能数据库以及上含水位交换水形成条件下的分区图。对普里皮亚季换水盆地研究区域进行了观测点分布密度和均匀性分析以及研究区内地下水位高度空间分布的变异分析。对于实际监测网络，评价了地下水-地表空间模拟的期望误差。得到的地质统计分析结果使工程井位在换水子流域内的确定成为可能，提高了水文地质监测问题解决的质量。科学的新奇。根据地理信息和地质统计方法改进了水文地质监测网优化方法，并在普里皮亚季河流域乌克兰部分实施，同时考虑到领土的水文地质条件和现有网络的配置。现实意义。考虑到已取得的成果，优化和增加观测井网络将使普里皮亚季河流域乌克兰部分的水文地质监测系统有效运作，并将产生经济效益，因为任何改善地下水质量和数量的措施的成本都远远高于监测系统优化的成本。
{"title":"Geostatistical analysis and optimization of the state hydrogheological monitoring network within the Pripyat river basin (Ukraine)","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-03","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. The State Hydrogeological Monitoring Network has to provide the necessary information to manage groundwater resources and prevent negative changes in the geological environment. Currently, there is a negative tendency to decrease the number of observation wells, loss of information about the space-time variability of the hydrogeological regime elements in Ukraine. In conditions of limited funding, an important task is to develop an effective strategy for reforming the hydrogeological monitoring system, taking into account international experience and based on modern geoinformation technologies. Particular attention has to be given to transboundary territories. One of them is the Pripyat River basin, which is characterized by the low level of the State Hydrogeological Monitoring Network representativeness, both in comparison with European Union standards and with the existing groundwater monitoring network of neighbouring Belarus. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the actual state of the hydrogeological observation wells network and optimize it within the territory of the Ukrainian part of the transboundary Pripyat watershed basin. Methodology and materials. The State Scientific and Production Enterprise \"Geoinform of Ukraine\" database of State Groundwater Monitoring System composition and functioning as well as zoning map under the conditions of water exchange formation in the upper water-bearing level were used for the study. For the studied territory of the water exchange basin of Pripyat, the analysis of density and uniformity of the observation points distribution as well as the variogram analysis of the spatial distribution of groundwater-level altitudes within the study area were carried. For the actual monitoring network, the expected error of the spatial modelling of the groundwater-surface was evaluated. Results. The obtained results of the geostatistical analysis made it possible to substantiate the project wells locations within the water exchange sub-basins to improve the quality of hydrogeological monitoring problem solutions. Scientific novelty. The method of the hydrogeological monitoring network optimization has been improved based on geoinformation and geostatistical approaches and implemented for the Ukrainian part of the Pripyat River basin, taking into account the hydrogeological conditions of the territory and the configuration of the existing network. Practical significance. Optimization and increment of the observation wells network, taking into account the obtained results, will provide the effective functioning of the hydrogeological monitoring system within the Ukrainian part of the Pripyat River basin and will have an economic effect, given that the cost of any measures to improve the groundwater quality and quantity is far more expensive than the monitoring system optimization.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77517394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-19
Introduction. Fires in ecosystems, mostly after open burning, affect Ukrainian territory each year causing flora and fauna damage, soil degradation, pollutants emission, which impact air quality and human health. Fires influence the atmosphere by adding burned products and its further direct and indirect effects. Despite majority of fires are open burning, research of forest fire emissions prevail among Ukrainian scientists. Therefore, the study aimed to analyze the influence of all-type fires in Ukrainian ecosystems on substances fluxes to the atmosphere and possible changes of meteorological processes. Data and methodology. The study uses GFED4 data and inventories for analyses of forest and agricultural burned fraction, carbon and dry matter emissions for the period of 1997–2016. Additional data includes absorbed aerosol index derived from OMI (Aura) instrument and ground-based meteorological measurements. Results. Burning fraction indicates the 10 to 30% of area influencing in case of active fires. More than 90% of fires in Ukrainian ecosystems happened on the agricultural lands. The highest trends of active fires appear on the western and northern part of Ukraine, whereas burned fraction on the central territories reached up to 60% decreasing per decade. Most fires happened during two periods: March – April and July – September. The most severe fires occurred in 1999, 2001, 2005, 2007, 2008 and 2012. Average emissions in Ukraine vary from 0.2 to 1.0 g·m2·month-1 for carbon and from 0.001 to 0.003 kg·m2·month-1 for dry matter. There are three localizations of huge burning products emissions, where maximal average values reach 1.8 g·m2·month-1 for carbon and 0.005 kg·m2·month-1 for dry matter. The biggest one occurred in the Polissia forest region. Despite the maximal emission from forest fires, open burning results the biggest coverage and air quality deteriorating. Absorbing aerosol index (AAI) could be good indicator of fires in Ukrainian ecosystems and burning products emissions. Overall, AAI with values more than 0.2 correspond to dry matter emissions of 0.005–0.01 kg·m2·month-1. If AAI exceed 0.4 usual dry matter emissions exceed 0.02 kg·m2·month-1. The study finds local scale changes of air temperature and days with precipitation due to huge burning products emissions. In case of monthly average AAI exceed 1.2 during fires events, positive air temperature anomaly at the ground decrease from 0.7 to 0.1°C. The main reason is absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere. During the next month after intensive fires in ecosystems, days with precipitation have twofold decrease: from 13-14 to 7 days with precipitation more than 0 mm, and from 2-3 to 1 day with precipitation more than 5 mm. The reason might be changes of cloudiness formation due to elevated concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols. The results obtained for atmospheric changes is planned to be verified and compared using online integrated atmospheric modelling.
{"title":"Fires in ecosystems and influence on the atmosphere","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Fires in ecosystems, mostly after open burning, affect Ukrainian territory each year causing flora and fauna damage, soil degradation, pollutants emission, which impact air quality and human health. Fires influence the atmosphere by adding burned products and its further direct and indirect effects. Despite majority of fires are open burning, research of forest fire emissions prevail among Ukrainian scientists. Therefore, the study aimed to analyze the influence of all-type fires in Ukrainian ecosystems on substances fluxes to the atmosphere and possible changes of meteorological processes. Data and methodology. The study uses GFED4 data and inventories for analyses of forest and agricultural burned fraction, carbon and dry matter emissions for the period of 1997–2016. Additional data includes absorbed aerosol index derived from OMI (Aura) instrument and ground-based meteorological measurements. Results. Burning fraction indicates the 10 to 30% of area influencing in case of active fires. More than 90% of fires in Ukrainian ecosystems happened on the agricultural lands. The highest trends of active fires appear on the western and northern part of Ukraine, whereas burned fraction on the central territories reached up to 60% decreasing per decade. Most fires happened during two periods: March – April and July – September. The most severe fires occurred in 1999, 2001, 2005, 2007, 2008 and 2012. Average emissions in Ukraine vary from 0.2 to 1.0 g·m2·month-1 for carbon and from 0.001 to 0.003 kg·m2·month-1 for dry matter. There are three localizations of huge burning products emissions, where maximal average values reach 1.8 g·m2·month-1 for carbon and 0.005 kg·m2·month-1 for dry matter. The biggest one occurred in the Polissia forest region. Despite the maximal emission from forest fires, open burning results the biggest coverage and air quality deteriorating. Absorbing aerosol index (AAI) could be good indicator of fires in Ukrainian ecosystems and burning products emissions. Overall, AAI with values more than 0.2 correspond to dry matter emissions of 0.005–0.01 kg·m2·month-1. If AAI exceed 0.4 usual dry matter emissions exceed 0.02 kg·m2·month-1. The study finds local scale changes of air temperature and days with precipitation due to huge burning products emissions. In case of monthly average AAI exceed 1.2 during fires events, positive air temperature anomaly at the ground decrease from 0.7 to 0.1°C. The main reason is absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere. During the next month after intensive fires in ecosystems, days with precipitation have twofold decrease: from 13-14 to 7 days with precipitation more than 0 mm, and from 2-3 to 1 day with precipitation more than 5 mm. The reason might be changes of cloudiness formation due to elevated concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols. The results obtained for atmospheric changes is planned to be verified and compared using online integrated atmospheric modelling.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79394030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2311-0872-2020-32-08
Background: The effect of anomalously strong absorption, scattering and attenuation of microwave electromagnetic radiation by thin conductive wires is considered. The investigated effect can be used in the development of radio-absorbing and radio-masking materials for various purposes. The aim of the work is to clarify the physical nature of the effect. Materials and methods:. On the basis of the generalized Lorentz-Mi theory the mathematical model of diffraction interaction of microwave radiation with a cylindrical object which material is characterized by a complex refractive index is constructed. The case of normal incidence of a plane electromagnetic wave of E- and H-polarizations on a cylinder is considered. Numerical calculations of the field distribution were performed in the MathCard environment. Results: It is shown that for thick cylinders with a diameter greater than the wavelength, characteristic resonant peaks of absorption and scattering of wave energy are observed. For very thin cylinders, the diameter of which is much smaller than the wavelength, there are maxima of absorption and scattering of energy of incident radiation, which cannot be explained by resonant phenomena. Simplified analytical expressions for the efficiency coefficients of attenuation, absorption and scattering of electromagnetic radiation by thin cylinders are obtained. The field distributions inside and outside the dielectric and metal cylinders at different ratios of their diameter and wavelength of incident radiation are calculated. The efficiency of radiation absorption by a thin wire at different ratios of its diameter and skin-layer thickness for wire material has been studied. Conclusion: It was found that the effect of abnormally strong absorption of microwave radiation by very thin metal wires is due to the existence of a skin effect for conductive materials that interact with microwave radiation. It is obtained that the maximum efficiency of radiation absorption is achieved when the diameter of the wire is twice less than the thickness of the skin layer. The observed effect of anomalous absorption is nonresonant.
{"title":"On anomalous absorption of electromagnetic radiationby a subwave metal wire","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2311-0872-2020-32-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-0872-2020-32-08","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The effect of anomalously strong absorption, scattering and attenuation of microwave electromagnetic radiation by thin conductive wires is considered. The investigated effect can be used in the development of radio-absorbing and radio-masking materials for various purposes. The aim of the work is to clarify the physical nature of the effect. Materials and methods:. On the basis of the generalized Lorentz-Mi theory the mathematical model of diffraction interaction of microwave radiation with a cylindrical object which material is characterized by a complex refractive index is constructed. The case of normal incidence of a plane electromagnetic wave of E- and H-polarizations on a cylinder is considered. Numerical calculations of the field distribution were performed in the MathCard environment. Results: It is shown that for thick cylinders with a diameter greater than the wavelength, characteristic resonant peaks of absorption and scattering of wave energy are observed. For very thin cylinders, the diameter of which is much smaller than the wavelength, there are maxima of absorption and scattering of energy of incident radiation, which cannot be explained by resonant phenomena. Simplified analytical expressions for the efficiency coefficients of attenuation, absorption and scattering of electromagnetic radiation by thin cylinders are obtained. The field distributions inside and outside the dielectric and metal cylinders at different ratios of their diameter and wavelength of incident radiation are calculated. The efficiency of radiation absorption by a thin wire at different ratios of its diameter and skin-layer thickness for wire material has been studied. Conclusion: It was found that the effect of abnormally strong absorption of microwave radiation by very thin metal wires is due to the existence of a skin effect for conductive materials that interact with microwave radiation. It is obtained that the maximum efficiency of radiation absorption is achieved when the diameter of the wire is twice less than the thickness of the skin layer. The observed effect of anomalous absorption is nonresonant.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"1372 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72736934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2311-0872-2020-32-01
The relevance of the problem under consideration is a consequence of the high cost of classical methods of pavement inspection. At the same time, the use of modern pulse georadars allows to ensure a relatively low cost of monitoring the current state of highways, since it allows to obtain georadar data when a laboratory vehicle is moving at the speed of a traffic flow. This minimizes the role of costly and time-consuming operations such as coring or cutting. The purpose of this work is to improve the methods for obtaining primary GPR data, which were previously proposed by the authors to improve the accuracy and reliability of the results of processing pulsed GPR signals. Materials and methods. When processing model and experimental data, first of all, modern theoretical methods of processing pulse signals from ground penetrating radars, as well as methods of computer modeling, were used. Results. Based on the analysis of the factors that determine the key features of GPR signals, a signal calibration method has been proposed, which makes it possible to increase the reliability of detecting such defects in layers of non-rigid road pavement made of monolithic materials, such as loss of interlayer adhesion, or identification of thin layers from an electrophysical point of view in multilayer media. Conclusions. Combining the signal calibration method together with the previously proposed approach to detecting the loss of interlayer adhesion and the performed numerical simulation made it possible to increase the reliability of the procedure for non-destructive testing of road pavements and other building structures. During the work, laboratory experiments were performed on model structures. The analysis of the obtained data was performed using the developed software GeoVizy.
{"title":"Application of georadars for detecting subsurface defects in layers of non-rigid road pavements","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2311-0872-2020-32-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-0872-2020-32-01","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the problem under consideration is a consequence of the high cost of classical methods of pavement inspection. At the same time, the use of modern pulse georadars allows to ensure a relatively low cost of monitoring the current state of highways, since it allows to obtain georadar data when a laboratory vehicle is moving at the speed of a traffic flow. This minimizes the role of costly and time-consuming operations such as coring or cutting. The purpose of this work is to improve the methods for obtaining primary GPR data, which were previously proposed by the authors to improve the accuracy and reliability of the results of processing pulsed GPR signals. Materials and methods. When processing model and experimental data, first of all, modern theoretical methods of processing pulse signals from ground penetrating radars, as well as methods of computer modeling, were used. Results. Based on the analysis of the factors that determine the key features of GPR signals, a signal calibration method has been proposed, which makes it possible to increase the reliability of detecting such defects in layers of non-rigid road pavement made of monolithic materials, such as loss of interlayer adhesion, or identification of thin layers from an electrophysical point of view in multilayer media. Conclusions. Combining the signal calibration method together with the previously proposed approach to detecting the loss of interlayer adhesion and the performed numerical simulation made it possible to increase the reliability of the procedure for non-destructive testing of road pavements and other building structures. During the work, laboratory experiments were performed on model structures. The analysis of the obtained data was performed using the developed software GeoVizy.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75005783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2311-0872-2020-33-05
Urgency. The urgency of this work is determined by the necessity of studying MHD waves originating from various sources within the Earth–atmosphere–ionosphere– magnetosphere system and arriving at ionospheric heights. The object of research. A matter of this study is ionospheric disturbances that accompanied geomagnetic pulsations during the dawn terminator on 23–24 March 2010. Purpose of Work. The present work was aimed at revealing short-period ionospheric disturbances in the Pc1 micropulsation frequency range (1–5-Hz) and at investigating their spectral content. Techniques and Methotology. The dynamic spectra of the variations under study were obtained with the HF Doppler radar. Results. The ionospheric disturbances have been shown to arise mainly at combinational frequencies. The durations of such disturbances have been estimated to be of the order of one minute, and the disturbance frequencies 0.7 Hz, 1.5 Hz, and 2.5 Hz. The quasi-periodic interference in the 1–5-Hz frequency band has been detected to persist for over one-half hour to a few hours. Based on the model of the signal modulated by ULF waves in the ionosphere, the appearance of constructive interference at combinational frequencies has been validated. The intercomparisons of the variations obtained using the spectrograms and the known models for the phase-modulated signals have been made. A model for the amplitude- and phase-modulated signal reflected from the ionosphere has been developed, and the signal basic parameters have been determined. Conclusions. The HF Doppler sounding can be a means for studying ionospheric disturbances in the Pc1 geomagnetic pulsation range. During the study of time variations of the Doppler frequency shift during the spring equinox, the following results were found. The period of ionospheric perturbations reached 0.2–1 s, their duration varied from 1 min to more than 10 min. A noticeable increase in the amplitude of the beat is detected, which may be a sign of the appearance of lateral maxima in the Doppler spectra. The presence of oscillations in the frequency range of the first harmonic of the spectral resonance system of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator is established. Long-term ionospheric perturbations have a linearly increasing frequency of filling the wave packet. The rate of frequency change is close to 10–3 Hz/s.
{"title":"Combinational frequencies of HF doppler radar signals in the PC1 geomagnetic pulsation range","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2311-0872-2020-33-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-0872-2020-33-05","url":null,"abstract":"Urgency. The urgency of this work is determined by the necessity of studying MHD waves originating from various sources within the Earth–atmosphere–ionosphere– magnetosphere system and arriving at ionospheric heights. The object of research. A matter of this study is ionospheric disturbances that accompanied geomagnetic pulsations during the dawn terminator on 23–24 March 2010. Purpose of Work. The present work was aimed at revealing short-period ionospheric disturbances in the Pc1 micropulsation frequency range (1–5-Hz) and at investigating their spectral content. Techniques and Methotology. The dynamic spectra of the variations under study were obtained with the HF Doppler radar. Results. The ionospheric disturbances have been shown to arise mainly at combinational frequencies. The durations of such disturbances have been estimated to be of the order of one minute, and the disturbance frequencies 0.7 Hz, 1.5 Hz, and 2.5 Hz. The quasi-periodic interference in the 1–5-Hz frequency band has been detected to persist for over one-half hour to a few hours. Based on the model of the signal modulated by ULF waves in the ionosphere, the appearance of constructive interference at combinational frequencies has been validated. The intercomparisons of the variations obtained using the spectrograms and the known models for the phase-modulated signals have been made. A model for the amplitude- and phase-modulated signal reflected from the ionosphere has been developed, and the signal basic parameters have been determined. Conclusions. The HF Doppler sounding can be a means for studying ionospheric disturbances in the Pc1 geomagnetic pulsation range. During the study of time variations of the Doppler frequency shift during the spring equinox, the following results were found. The period of ionospheric perturbations reached 0.2–1 s, their duration varied from 1 min to more than 10 min. A noticeable increase in the amplitude of the beat is detected, which may be a sign of the appearance of lateral maxima in the Doppler spectra. The presence of oscillations in the frequency range of the first harmonic of the spectral resonance system of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator is established. Long-term ionospheric perturbations have a linearly increasing frequency of filling the wave packet. The rate of frequency change is close to 10–3 Hz/s.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84157913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-11
Formulation of the problem. In this article the author describes monitoring of landscape objects within protected area. We created 'image of landscape' from remote sensing data. The developed methodology allows to obtain remotely information about visual changes, to analyze and predict the further development of landscapes of the facies level. It is difficult to investigate nature conservation areas at the facies level in areas with plant diversity. Field methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, but changes can occur frequently. We offer a methodology for identifying indicative landscape objects by creating an image and its visualization using high-resolution satellite imagery decoding Sentinel-2 (resolution 10 m) and Planet Scope (resolution 3 m). This method with using satellite imagery of study makes it possible to gain access to the terrain that is accessible in hard-to-reach places, namely in swampy areas, in dense forest impassable territories and others. The purpose of the article. The main goal is creating methodic for recognition indicative objects of landscape within protected territories through the appearance of visual changes by the cameral method. Materials and methods. We have improved the method of processing satellite images to identify indicative objects of changes in landscapes at the facies level. We used the method of controlled classification to obtain "a picture" of the landscape in office conditions, carried out an analysis of comparison on the ground and identified objects of interest. Based on experiments we chosen supervised classification and methods for different resolution of remote sensing data. Results and scientific novelty. We have changed the traditional landscape study process and approach in our work. We created a landscape rendering model and then carried out work directly on the ground, comparing the characteristics. this allows you to explore the territory at a distance, in hard-to-reach places and in protected areas, which allows a person to analyze information at a distance, predict and take further measures to preserve landscapes and individual objects. Practical significance. Identification of indicative objects within protected areas allows monitoring changes in landscapes, analyzing and taking measures to preserve them. Systematization of the entire analysis during processing allows you to identify changes in time even in hard-to-reach regions and quickly receive information remotely. The analyzed data allow designing a successful combination of the normal functioning of nature and human activity.
{"title":"Recognition of indicative landscape objects within protected areas","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-11","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. In this article the author describes monitoring of landscape objects within protected area. We created 'image of landscape' from remote sensing data. The developed methodology allows to obtain remotely information about visual changes, to analyze and predict the further development of landscapes of the facies level. It is difficult to investigate nature conservation areas at the facies level in areas with plant diversity. Field methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, but changes can occur frequently. We offer a methodology for identifying indicative landscape objects by creating an image and its visualization using high-resolution satellite imagery decoding Sentinel-2 (resolution 10 m) and Planet Scope (resolution 3 m). This method with using satellite imagery of study makes it possible to gain access to the terrain that is accessible in hard-to-reach places, namely in swampy areas, in dense forest impassable territories and others. The purpose of the article. The main goal is creating methodic for recognition indicative objects of landscape within protected territories through the appearance of visual changes by the cameral method. Materials and methods. We have improved the method of processing satellite images to identify indicative objects of changes in landscapes at the facies level. We used the method of controlled classification to obtain \"a picture\" of the landscape in office conditions, carried out an analysis of comparison on the ground and identified objects of interest. Based on experiments we chosen supervised classification and methods for different resolution of remote sensing data. Results and scientific novelty. We have changed the traditional landscape study process and approach in our work. We created a landscape rendering model and then carried out work directly on the ground, comparing the characteristics. this allows you to explore the territory at a distance, in hard-to-reach places and in protected areas, which allows a person to analyze information at a distance, predict and take further measures to preserve landscapes and individual objects. Practical significance. Identification of indicative objects within protected areas allows monitoring changes in landscapes, analyzing and taking measures to preserve them. Systematization of the entire analysis during processing allows you to identify changes in time even in hard-to-reach regions and quickly receive information remotely. The analyzed data allow designing a successful combination of the normal functioning of nature and human activity.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87497146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-02
Purpose. Development of a zonal biostratigraphic scheme by benthic foraminifers from Maastrichtian deposits of the Northern outskirts of Donbas, by using the studied sections of the region as an example. Methodology. Microfaunistic analysis was used in the processing of the material. Shells were removed from 150-200 g rocks by the standard methodology in Franke chambers and studied, using the MBS-9 microscope. Results. The biostratigraphic division of the Maastrichtian deposits of the Northern outskirts of the Donbas by benthic foraminifers, previously proposed by the author for the Upper Cretaceous deposits of this territory, is presented. An analysis of the four Early Maastrichtian and two Late Maastrichtian foraminiferal complexes made it possible to distinguish three zones of foraminifers. In the Lower Maastrichtian, the following zones were identified – Neoflabellina retuculata (lower), Brotzenella complanata (upper), in the Upper Maastrichtian – Hanzawaia ekblomi (with lower subzone Cuneus minutus). The Neoflabellina retuculata zone has been defined by the characteristic species Neoflabellina reticulata, Orbignyna sacheri, Heterostomella bullata, Cibicidoides bembix, Osangularia navarroana, Bolivina decurrens, B. incrassata incrassata, Pseudovigerina cristata. The Brotzenella complanata zone is characterized by the following species: Brotzenella complanata, Spiroplectammina suturalis, Gaudryina pyramidata, Cibicidoides bembix, Eponides peracutus, Bolivina incrassata crassa, Pseudovigerina cristata. Species Hanzawaia ekblomi, Anomalinoides pinguis, Praebulimina imbricata, Cuneus minutus are characteristic of the Hanzawaia ekblomi zone. Correspondence of the foraminiferous zones to macrophaunistic is given: Neoflabellina retuculata to the subzone Belemnella licharewi / B. lanceolata, Brotzenella complanata – subzones of Belemnella lanceolata and Belemnella sumensis of the Acanthoscaphites tridens zone of the outskirts of Donbas, the lower part of the Hanzawaia ekblomi zone – the Belemnitella junior / Spyridoceramus tegulatus zone of platform Ukraine. According to the current stratigraphic schemes of Ukraine, the correspondence of the Maastrichtian foraminiferal zones to the local stratigraphic subdivisions of the Northern outskirts of Donbas is indicated. The paleontological characteristics of the Konoplyanivska (two subsuites) and Kamyanobridska suites, which according to the age corresponds to the Lower Maastrichtian deposits, were supplemented with new data. A comparison of the studied foraminifers with species of the Boreal province of the International Stratigraphic Scale was carried out, general species are indicated. Scientific novelty. "The stratigraphic scheme of the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Northern outskirts of Donbas" is supplemented with new data. Practical significance. The biostratigraphic division of the Maastrichtian deposits of the Northern outskirts of the Donbas by benthic foraminifers can be used for interregi
{"title":"Biostratigraphic division of the Maastrichtian deposits of the northern outskirts of Donbas by foraminifers","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-02","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Development of a zonal biostratigraphic scheme by benthic foraminifers from Maastrichtian deposits of the Northern outskirts of Donbas, by using the studied sections of the region as an example. Methodology. Microfaunistic analysis was used in the processing of the material. Shells were removed from 150-200 g rocks by the standard methodology in Franke chambers and studied, using the MBS-9 microscope. Results. The biostratigraphic division of the Maastrichtian deposits of the Northern outskirts of the Donbas by benthic foraminifers, previously proposed by the author for the Upper Cretaceous deposits of this territory, is presented. An analysis of the four Early Maastrichtian and two Late Maastrichtian foraminiferal complexes made it possible to distinguish three zones of foraminifers. In the Lower Maastrichtian, the following zones were identified – Neoflabellina retuculata (lower), Brotzenella complanata (upper), in the Upper Maastrichtian – Hanzawaia ekblomi (with lower subzone Cuneus minutus). The Neoflabellina retuculata zone has been defined by the characteristic species Neoflabellina reticulata, Orbignyna sacheri, Heterostomella bullata, Cibicidoides bembix, Osangularia navarroana, Bolivina decurrens, B. incrassata incrassata, Pseudovigerina cristata. The Brotzenella complanata zone is characterized by the following species: Brotzenella complanata, Spiroplectammina suturalis, Gaudryina pyramidata, Cibicidoides bembix, Eponides peracutus, Bolivina incrassata crassa, Pseudovigerina cristata. Species Hanzawaia ekblomi, Anomalinoides pinguis, Praebulimina imbricata, Cuneus minutus are characteristic of the Hanzawaia ekblomi zone. Correspondence of the foraminiferous zones to macrophaunistic is given: Neoflabellina retuculata to the subzone Belemnella licharewi / B. lanceolata, Brotzenella complanata – subzones of Belemnella lanceolata and Belemnella sumensis of the Acanthoscaphites tridens zone of the outskirts of Donbas, the lower part of the Hanzawaia ekblomi zone – the Belemnitella junior / Spyridoceramus tegulatus zone of platform Ukraine. According to the current stratigraphic schemes of Ukraine, the correspondence of the Maastrichtian foraminiferal zones to the local stratigraphic subdivisions of the Northern outskirts of Donbas is indicated. The paleontological characteristics of the Konoplyanivska (two subsuites) and Kamyanobridska suites, which according to the age corresponds to the Lower Maastrichtian deposits, were supplemented with new data. A comparison of the studied foraminifers with species of the Boreal province of the International Stratigraphic Scale was carried out, general species are indicated. Scientific novelty. \"The stratigraphic scheme of the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Northern outskirts of Donbas\" is supplemented with new data. Practical significance. The biostratigraphic division of the Maastrichtian deposits of the Northern outskirts of the Donbas by benthic foraminifers can be used for interregi","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79496812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2311-0872-2020-33-06
Urgency. The atmosphere and geospace are widely used as a radio channel in solving problems of radar, radio navigation, direction finding, radio communication, radio astronomy, and the remote sensing of the Earth from space or the near-earth environment from the surface of the planet. The parameters of the atmospheric-space radio channel are determined by the state of tropospheric and space weather, which is formed mainly by non-stationary processes on the Sun (solar storms) and partly by high-energy processes on the Earth and in the atmosphere. Geospace storms give rise to the strongest disturbances of the atmospheric-space radio channel, and it is important to note that these storms are diverse, so that no two storms are alike. At the same time, storms have both similar and individual features. Currently, there is insufficient knowledge about both of these features, and their study remains an urgent task of space geophysics and space radio physics. In particular, the identification of general patterns is advisable by performing a statistical analysis of a large number of storms. The aim of this work is to statistically analyze the parameters of the solar wind and geomagnetic field during the Solar Cycle 24 activity (2009–2020). Methods and Methodology. The parameters of the disturbed solar wind (number density nsw, velocity Vsw, and temperature Tsw), the disturbed values of the By- and Bz-components of the interplanetary magnetic field, which is the cause of magnetic storms on Earth, as well as the indices of geomagnetic activity (AE, Dst and Kp) are selected as source input to the study. In this paper, geomagnetic storms with Kр ≥ 5 or G1, G2, G3, and G4 geomagnetic storms are considered. In total, there were 153 storms with Kp ≥ 5. The time series of the nsw, Vsw, Tsw maximum values, of the By- and Bz-components, and of the AE, Dst and Kp indices, as well as of the Bz-component and the Dst index minimum values have been analyzed. Results. The main statistical characteristics of the parameters of the solar wind, interplanetary magnetic field, and of the geomagnetic field have been determined for 153 events that took place during Solar Cycle 24. Conclusions. The geomagnetic situation during Solar Cycle 24 was calmer than during Solar Cycle 23.
{"title":"Statistical characteristics of geomagnetic storm activity during solar cycle 24, 2009–2020","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2311-0872-2020-33-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-0872-2020-33-06","url":null,"abstract":"Urgency. The atmosphere and geospace are widely used as a radio channel in solving problems of radar, radio navigation, direction finding, radio communication, radio astronomy, and the remote sensing of the Earth from space or the near-earth environment from the surface of the planet. The parameters of the atmospheric-space radio channel are determined by the state of tropospheric and space weather, which is formed mainly by non-stationary processes on the Sun (solar storms) and partly by high-energy processes on the Earth and in the atmosphere. Geospace storms give rise to the strongest disturbances of the atmospheric-space radio channel, and it is important to note that these storms are diverse, so that no two storms are alike. At the same time, storms have both similar and individual features. Currently, there is insufficient knowledge about both of these features, and their study remains an urgent task of space geophysics and space radio physics. In particular, the identification of general patterns is advisable by performing a statistical analysis of a large number of storms. The aim of this work is to statistically analyze the parameters of the solar wind and geomagnetic field during the Solar Cycle 24 activity (2009–2020). Methods and Methodology. The parameters of the disturbed solar wind (number density nsw, velocity Vsw, and temperature Tsw), the disturbed values of the By- and Bz-components of the interplanetary magnetic field, which is the cause of magnetic storms on Earth, as well as the indices of geomagnetic activity (AE, Dst and Kp) are selected as source input to the study. In this paper, geomagnetic storms with Kр ≥ 5 or G1, G2, G3, and G4 geomagnetic storms are considered. In total, there were 153 storms with Kp ≥ 5. The time series of the nsw, Vsw, Tsw maximum values, of the By- and Bz-components, and of the AE, Dst and Kp indices, as well as of the Bz-component and the Dst index minimum values have been analyzed. Results. The main statistical characteristics of the parameters of the solar wind, interplanetary magnetic field, and of the geomagnetic field have been determined for 153 events that took place during Solar Cycle 24. Conclusions. The geomagnetic situation during Solar Cycle 24 was calmer than during Solar Cycle 23.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75306919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-18
Introduction. According to official statistics, regions of Ukraine are characterized by a significant amount of pollutant emissions from stationary sources. But in many areas the dominant contribution to the formation of general levels of air pollution is made by mobile sources. Such regions include the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions of the North-Western Black Sea. Regions of the North-Western Black Sea are characterized by a sufficiently high level of technogenic load and have a high recreational potential. This territory is characterized by unique natural resource potential. However, due to the development of urbanization processes, the impact of industrial, transport and agrarian sectors is worsening the overall environmental situation, including the state of the atmospheric air. Review of previous publications. The work of many authors is devoted to the question of the level of air pollution in the cities of the North-Western Black Sea. Most of the works are complex studies of the level of pollution of the regions of Ukraine as a whole. Some works are devoted to the assessment of the technogenic load on the environment of the regions of Ukraine. An analysis of recent research has shown that the vast majority of work is devoted to the regions of Ukraine as a whole. Also, the list of pollutants and the study period are quite limited. Usually, the content of the main pollutants is analyzed. At the same time, the content of specific pollutants is very important in the regions of the North-Western Black Sea in the formation of high levels of atmospheric pollution. Purpose. The purpose of this work is to evaluate and analyze the level of air pollution of individual cities of the North-Western Black Sea over a multi-year period. The complex atmospheric pollution index, which are currently one of the main indicators of atmospheric air quality, were used for the assessment. Results. The level of air pollution in Odessa is in most cases classified as "heavily polluted", Izmail – the only category "slightly polluted" (maximum concentrations in the air pool are marked by the content of formaldehyde). In Mykolayiv maximum concentrations with significant exceedances of the maximum permissible concentration are also noted for formaldehyde content, and the level of atmospheric air pollution was classified as "poorly polluted" – "contaminated". In Kherson, the highest content was observed for substances such as formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide. The level of pollution, as in the city of Mykolaiv, was classified as "poorly contaminated" – "contaminated". Conclusions. Odessa, by the content of the vast majority of the pollutants, is in the category of cities with high levels of atmospheric pollution, Mykolaiv, Kherson and Izmail – in the category with the permissible level. The results of the study are the basis for the development of environmental recommendations for reducing the emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air of the region, primar
{"title":"Features of air pollution the cities of the North-Western Black Sea region","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-18","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. According to official statistics, regions of Ukraine are characterized by a significant amount of pollutant emissions from stationary sources. But in many areas the dominant contribution to the formation of general levels of air pollution is made by mobile sources. Such regions include the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions of the North-Western Black Sea. Regions of the North-Western Black Sea are characterized by a sufficiently high level of technogenic load and have a high recreational potential. This territory is characterized by unique natural resource potential. However, due to the development of urbanization processes, the impact of industrial, transport and agrarian sectors is worsening the overall environmental situation, including the state of the atmospheric air. Review of previous publications. The work of many authors is devoted to the question of the level of air pollution in the cities of the North-Western Black Sea. Most of the works are complex studies of the level of pollution of the regions of Ukraine as a whole. Some works are devoted to the assessment of the technogenic load on the environment of the regions of Ukraine. An analysis of recent research has shown that the vast majority of work is devoted to the regions of Ukraine as a whole. Also, the list of pollutants and the study period are quite limited. Usually, the content of the main pollutants is analyzed. At the same time, the content of specific pollutants is very important in the regions of the North-Western Black Sea in the formation of high levels of atmospheric pollution. Purpose. The purpose of this work is to evaluate and analyze the level of air pollution of individual cities of the North-Western Black Sea over a multi-year period. The complex atmospheric pollution index, which are currently one of the main indicators of atmospheric air quality, were used for the assessment. Results. The level of air pollution in Odessa is in most cases classified as \"heavily polluted\", Izmail – the only category \"slightly polluted\" (maximum concentrations in the air pool are marked by the content of formaldehyde). In Mykolayiv maximum concentrations with significant exceedances of the maximum permissible concentration are also noted for formaldehyde content, and the level of atmospheric air pollution was classified as \"poorly polluted\" – \"contaminated\". In Kherson, the highest content was observed for substances such as formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide. The level of pollution, as in the city of Mykolaiv, was classified as \"poorly contaminated\" – \"contaminated\". Conclusions. Odessa, by the content of the vast majority of the pollutants, is in the category of cities with high levels of atmospheric pollution, Mykolaiv, Kherson and Izmail – in the category with the permissible level. The results of the study are the basis for the development of environmental recommendations for reducing the emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air of the region, primar","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88013016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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