Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-22
Problem formulation. The global climate warming influences the balance of water reservoirs by lower precipitation, higher evaporation, erosion of soils and other changes. On the territory of Ukraine, the periods without rains, low snow level, warm winters and dry summers, strong winds and dust storms became frequent during the last decades. This led to a change in many hydrological parameters in comparison with the hydrological regimes usual in temperate climates. Therefore, the determination of the ecological assessment of the state of water reservoirs in the conditions of the urban drainage basin in the rainless period is an insufficiently studied and urgent issue. The aim of the article is estimation of quality of the river water in the system of rivers Lopan-Kharkov-Udy on the urban landscale of Kgarkov region. Materials and methods. Field sampling of water and bottom sediments to provide an environmental assessment of the water reservoir; comparison of the results obtained with similar ones obtained for rainy periods and periods of snow melting in different hydrological regimes, and statistical analysis of the measured data. Results. Analysis of the open source data revealed that Kharkov region is among the top three in terms of drinking and technical water needs for various purposes. The region has a maximum possible drought risk index (0.8-1) and high values of water stress indices (2-3) and coastal flood risk (2-3). Water samples taken from different sections of the Lopan and Udy rivers in different seasons showed that some of the parameters exceed the corresponding control values, especially in rainless periods, but in general water quality indices correspond to 1-2 quality classes (depending on the season) for the river Lopan and the 1st class of quality - for the river Udy. Numerical calculations on a mathematical model using the measurement data showed that global warming at 0.5-1° C by 2030 will lead to a significant deterioration in water quality and its availability as the required amount of drinking and industrial water for the region. Scientific novelty. Novel mathematical model is proposed for simple estimations of the water pollution over time at different groth rate of the average temperature accounting for known number of pollutants. Practical significance. The obtained results are useful for further development of the system of water management on urgan territories, testing different hypothesis and scenarios.
{"title":"Ecological assessment of surface water quality in a rainless period under the conditions of urban water collection","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-22","url":null,"abstract":"Problem formulation. The global climate warming influences the balance of water reservoirs by lower precipitation, higher evaporation, erosion of soils and other changes. On the territory of Ukraine, the periods without rains, low snow level, warm winters and dry summers, strong winds and dust storms became frequent during the last decades. This led to a change in many hydrological parameters in comparison with the hydrological regimes usual in temperate climates. Therefore, the determination of the ecological assessment of the state of water reservoirs in the conditions of the urban drainage basin in the rainless period is an insufficiently studied and urgent issue. The aim of the article is estimation of quality of the river water in the system of rivers Lopan-Kharkov-Udy on the urban landscale of Kgarkov region. Materials and methods. Field sampling of water and bottom sediments to provide an environmental assessment of the water reservoir; comparison of the results obtained with similar ones obtained for rainy periods and periods of snow melting in different hydrological regimes, and statistical analysis of the measured data. Results. Analysis of the open source data revealed that Kharkov region is among the top three in terms of drinking and technical water needs for various purposes. The region has a maximum possible drought risk index (0.8-1) and high values of water stress indices (2-3) and coastal flood risk (2-3). Water samples taken from different sections of the Lopan and Udy rivers in different seasons showed that some of the parameters exceed the corresponding control values, especially in rainless periods, but in general water quality indices correspond to 1-2 quality classes (depending on the season) for the river Lopan and the 1st class of quality - for the river Udy. Numerical calculations on a mathematical model using the measurement data showed that global warming at 0.5-1° C by 2030 will lead to a significant deterioration in water quality and its availability as the required amount of drinking and industrial water for the region. Scientific novelty. Novel mathematical model is proposed for simple estimations of the water pollution over time at different groth rate of the average temperature accounting for known number of pollutants. Practical significance. The obtained results are useful for further development of the system of water management on urgan territories, testing different hypothesis and scenarios.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84472537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-26
Introduction. Air pollution is an important factor influencing the quality of life and health of peoples. It is increasing due to urbanization, development of industrial and transport complexes of cities. The same tendencies are characteristic for the state of air pollution in Lutsk. In recent years, the level of its pollution is estimated as high. And in the first half of 2018, Lutsk was among the top three cities with the highest level of air pollution in Ukraine. Although the town is not a major industrial center. The purpose of article. The purpose of the study is assessment and analyze the current level of air pollution in Lutsk for many years (2011-2019). Methods. Research methods – expeditionary (for research the ecological condition of the urban area), methods of mathematical statistics (for statistical processing of monitoring results), expert assessment (to establish the causes of pollution and environmental risks). The materials of own researches of an ecological condition of the Lutsk territory, and also results of laboratory researches of atmospheric air pollution on stationary posts in the town are used. They were conducted by the Integrated Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Observations of the Volyn Regional Center for Hydrometeorology. Results. The structure of pollutant emissions in the town is analyzed. It is established that the share of emissions from mobile sources (vehicles) increased from 61.4% in 1990 to 92.2% in 2015 and 94.6% in 2020. For the period from 2009 to the present the air pollution index (API) for the Lutsk town varies between 7.7 and 10.49 (high level of pollution). The size of the API slightly decreased until 2015, and then increased until 2018. The place of Lutsk in the ranking of the most polluted cities in Ukraine correlates with the value of the API. In 2013-14 API was relatively low – 7.99-8.55. Lutsk occupied 22 steps. Since 2016, API for the Lutsk has started to increase. The city rating rose from 9 to 7 steps. Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, phenol and formaldehyde in the air of the town constantly exceed the maximum concentration limits. The scientific novelty is to analyze the dynamics of the content in the town air of substances whose concentrations exceed the maximum allowable, to study the causes of pollution, to develop a set of measures to reduce air pollution in Lutsk. Practical significance is determined by the possibility of using the obtained results to develop a set of measures to reduce air pollution in Lutsk.
{"title":"Current state of air pollution of Lutsk town","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-26","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Air pollution is an important factor influencing the quality of life and health of peoples. It is increasing due to urbanization, development of industrial and transport complexes of cities. The same tendencies are characteristic for the state of air pollution in Lutsk. In recent years, the level of its pollution is estimated as high. And in the first half of 2018, Lutsk was among the top three cities with the highest level of air pollution in Ukraine. Although the town is not a major industrial center. The purpose of article. The purpose of the study is assessment and analyze the current level of air pollution in Lutsk for many years (2011-2019). Methods. Research methods – expeditionary (for research the ecological condition of the urban area), methods of mathematical statistics (for statistical processing of monitoring results), expert assessment (to establish the causes of pollution and environmental risks). The materials of own researches of an ecological condition of the Lutsk territory, and also results of laboratory researches of atmospheric air pollution on stationary posts in the town are used. They were conducted by the Integrated Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Observations of the Volyn Regional Center for Hydrometeorology. Results. The structure of pollutant emissions in the town is analyzed. It is established that the share of emissions from mobile sources (vehicles) increased from 61.4% in 1990 to 92.2% in 2015 and 94.6% in 2020. For the period from 2009 to the present the air pollution index (API) for the Lutsk town varies between 7.7 and 10.49 (high level of pollution). The size of the API slightly decreased until 2015, and then increased until 2018. The place of Lutsk in the ranking of the most polluted cities in Ukraine correlates with the value of the API. In 2013-14 API was relatively low – 7.99-8.55. Lutsk occupied 22 steps. Since 2016, API for the Lutsk has started to increase. The city rating rose from 9 to 7 steps. Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, phenol and formaldehyde in the air of the town constantly exceed the maximum concentration limits. The scientific novelty is to analyze the dynamics of the content in the town air of substances whose concentrations exceed the maximum allowable, to study the causes of pollution, to develop a set of measures to reduce air pollution in Lutsk. Practical significance is determined by the possibility of using the obtained results to develop a set of measures to reduce air pollution in Lutsk.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73262100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-15
Formulation of the problem. The article discusses changes in the main climatic characteristics in the Debed river basin (Armenia) at six meteorological stations. The aim of the work is to analyze and assess peculiar territorial distribution of the main climatic indicators in the Debed river basin, their changes over the past 80-90 years in different conditions of Armenia. Methods. To solve the set tasks, the authors used corresponding research and published works as a theoretical basis in the work. As a starting material, the work used the daily factual data of the "Center for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring" of the SNCO, Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Armenia for the period from 1930 to 2018 at six meteorological stations. The authors applied the following research methods in the article: mathematical and statistical, extrapolation, analysis, analogy, correlation, cartographic. Results. Climate of the earth has been changing rapidly over the past decades, leading to global warming. As a result, we are facing the problem of assessing the macroeconomic consequences of climate change in this territory. Armenia did not remain aloof from the problems of global climate change. On the territory of the river Debed's basin air temperature distribution and precipitation is uneven, due to the geographical latitude of the area, general and local circulation of the atmosphere, radiation energy and orographic features. We notice a decrease in air temperature and an increase in precipitation with the height of the terrain and the vertical gradient, respectively, is 0.54 ºC / 100 m and -20 mm / 100 m. The average annual air temperature ranges from 3.74 ºC to 12.3 ºC, and the annual precipitation is from 462 mm to 770 mm. Studies have also shown that long-term fluctuations in average air temperature over the year are generally characterized by positive trends. Air temperature in the basin of the river Debed increased by 1.65 °С on average over the year from 1964 to 2018. A particularly significant increase in annual temperatures has been observed after the 1990s, when the rate of annual warming reached +0.389 ºС / 10 years (for the period 1993-2018). The warmest years were 1966, 2010 and 2018. The tendency towards a decrease in the annual amount of precipitation prevails in the area. The most significant amount of precipitation decreased in the basin of the river Debed after 2002. The rate of changes in the annual amount of atmospheric precipitation for the period 2002–2018 reached -61.7 mm / 10 years, and for the entire period 1964-2018 - 1.02 mm / 10 years. On average a decrease in annual precipitation was 126 mm from 1964 to 2001, 105 mm - from 2002 to 2018 in the basin of the river Debed. There is a tendency for a slight increase in the amount of precipitation at the Stepanavan weather station.
问题的表述。本文讨论了亚美尼亚德别特河流域6个气象站主要气候特征的变化。这项工作的目的是分析和评估德贝德河流域主要气候指标的特殊地域分布，以及它们在过去80-90年在亚美尼亚不同条件下的变化。为了完成既定的任务，作者在工作中采用了相应的研究和已发表的著作作为理论基础。作为起始材料，该工作使用了亚美尼亚共和国环境部SNCO“水文气象和监测中心”在1930年至2018年期间在六个气象站的日常事实数据。本文采用数理统计、外推法、分析法、类比法、相关法、制图法等研究方法。在过去的几十年里，地球的气候一直在迅速变化，导致全球变暖。因此，我们正面临评估气候变化对这一领土的宏观经济后果的问题。亚美尼亚并没有对全球气候变化问题置身事外。在德别特河流域境内，由于该地区的地理纬度、大气的总环流和局部环流、辐射能量和地形特征，气温分布和降水不均匀。我们注意到，随着地形高度和垂直梯度分别为0.54ºC / 100 m和-20 mm / 100 m，气温下降和降水增加。年平均气温在3.74℃~ 12.3℃之间，年降水量在462 mm ~ 770 mm之间。研究还表明，多年平均气温的长期波动总体上呈正趋势。1964 - 2018年，德贝特河流域气温平均上升1.65°С。在20世纪90年代之后，观测到年气温的特别显著上升，年升温速度达到+0.389ºС / 10年(1993-2018年)。最温暖的年份是1966年、2010年和2018年。这个地区的年降水量普遍呈减少的趋势。2002年以后，德贝特河流域降水减少最为显著。2002—2018年的年降水量变化率为-61.7 mm / 10年，1964—2018年的年降水量变化率为- 1.02 mm / 10年。从1964年到2001年，德贝德河流域的年平均降水量减少了126毫米，2002年到2018年减少了105毫米。斯捷潘纳万气象站的降水量有轻微增加的趋势。
{"title":"Specific changes in main climatic characteristics of the Debed river basin (Armenia)","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-15","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. The article discusses changes in the main climatic characteristics in the Debed river basin (Armenia) at six meteorological stations. The aim of the work is to analyze and assess peculiar territorial distribution of the main climatic indicators in the Debed river basin, their changes over the past 80-90 years in different conditions of Armenia. Methods. To solve the set tasks, the authors used corresponding research and published works as a theoretical basis in the work. As a starting material, the work used the daily factual data of the \"Center for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring\" of the SNCO, Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Armenia for the period from 1930 to 2018 at six meteorological stations. The authors applied the following research methods in the article: mathematical and statistical, extrapolation, analysis, analogy, correlation, cartographic. Results. Climate of the earth has been changing rapidly over the past decades, leading to global warming. As a result, we are facing the problem of assessing the macroeconomic consequences of climate change in this territory. Armenia did not remain aloof from the problems of global climate change. On the territory of the river Debed's basin air temperature distribution and precipitation is uneven, due to the geographical latitude of the area, general and local circulation of the atmosphere, radiation energy and orographic features. We notice a decrease in air temperature and an increase in precipitation with the height of the terrain and the vertical gradient, respectively, is 0.54 ºC / 100 m and -20 mm / 100 m. The average annual air temperature ranges from 3.74 ºC to 12.3 ºC, and the annual precipitation is from 462 mm to 770 mm. Studies have also shown that long-term fluctuations in average air temperature over the year are generally characterized by positive trends. Air temperature in the basin of the river Debed increased by 1.65 °С on average over the year from 1964 to 2018. A particularly significant increase in annual temperatures has been observed after the 1990s, when the rate of annual warming reached +0.389 ºС / 10 years (for the period 1993-2018). The warmest years were 1966, 2010 and 2018. The tendency towards a decrease in the annual amount of precipitation prevails in the area. The most significant amount of precipitation decreased in the basin of the river Debed after 2002. The rate of changes in the annual amount of atmospheric precipitation for the period 2002–2018 reached -61.7 mm / 10 years, and for the entire period 1964-2018 - 1.02 mm / 10 years. On average a decrease in annual precipitation was 126 mm from 1964 to 2001, 105 mm - from 2002 to 2018 in the basin of the river Debed. There is a tendency for a slight increase in the amount of precipitation at the Stepanavan weather station.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85774286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-02
Formulation of the problem. According long- term data analyses under the slides zone in Ukrainian part of the Azov sea sustainable processes had been marked. Landslides are most active in autumn and spring. The activation of landslides occurs under the influence of man-made and natural factors. The most significant factor is coastal abrasion. Review of previous publications. It was established that the air temperature and precipitation, the temperature and salinity of sea waters and the hydrometeorological regime of the coastal zone and the water balance of the Black and Azov seas as well depends on climatic changes. The rising of the sea level has intensified over the past decades. These changes found a response in the coastal zone that reacted to them and acquired corresponding trends. Purpose is to determine the reasons for the formation of dynamically unstable sectors and the possibility of protecting the shores on the Ukrainian coast in the Azov Sea, the subject is landslide processes, as the result of the abrasion of the shores, the object is the variability of the natural and anthropogenic conditions of the Ukrainian coast of the Azov Sea in the area of interaction between the sea and land. Methods. Analyses of images space and temporal dynamic of Earth remote sensing satellites by DigitalGlobe, USGS LandLook and Sentinel were used and also retrospective long term of hydrometeorological data and standard statistical methods. Results. The places (areas) with pronounced coastal dynamic processes on the Ukrainian coast of the Azov Sea were identified, that require special attention: two in the Kherson region, five in the Zaporozhye region and four in Donetsk. In the coastal zone of the Azov Sea the rate of abrasion from 1 to 4 m per year (in exceptional cases up to 15 m per year) was marked. In a period of significant level rises, the flooding of ports, berths, the destruction of hydraulic engineering structures, storage facilities, and residential buildings is possible. Also, during the period of the significant decreasing of the sea level, the already limited depth of the approach channels decreases again, that disrupts the operation of the fleet. Conclusions. Investigations of the current state of the Ukrainian coastal zone of the Azov Sea, that is significant importance for the sustainable the economy development, the recreational region’s potential and the social level of the population. It has been established that in the eastern regions of the Azov coast of Ukraine there are a deficit of sediments and a high degree of variability of the abrasion form of the coastal-sea relief is noted, and an excess of sediments are formed in the western and northwestern regions.
{"title":"Hazardous phenomena in the slides zone of the Ukrainian section in Azov sea","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-02","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. According long- term data analyses under the slides zone in Ukrainian part of the Azov sea sustainable processes had been marked. Landslides are most active in autumn and spring. The activation of landslides occurs under the influence of man-made and natural factors. The most significant factor is coastal abrasion. Review of previous publications. It was established that the air temperature and precipitation, the temperature and salinity of sea waters and the hydrometeorological regime of the coastal zone and the water balance of the Black and Azov seas as well depends on climatic changes. The rising of the sea level has intensified over the past decades. These changes found a response in the coastal zone that reacted to them and acquired corresponding trends. Purpose is to determine the reasons for the formation of dynamically unstable sectors and the possibility of protecting the shores on the Ukrainian coast in the Azov Sea, the subject is landslide processes, as the result of the abrasion of the shores, the object is the variability of the natural and anthropogenic conditions of the Ukrainian coast of the Azov Sea in the area of interaction between the sea and land. Methods. Analyses of images space and temporal dynamic of Earth remote sensing satellites by DigitalGlobe, USGS LandLook and Sentinel were used and also retrospective long term of hydrometeorological data and standard statistical methods. Results. The places (areas) with pronounced coastal dynamic processes on the Ukrainian coast of the Azov Sea were identified, that require special attention: two in the Kherson region, five in the Zaporozhye region and four in Donetsk. In the coastal zone of the Azov Sea the rate of abrasion from 1 to 4 m per year (in exceptional cases up to 15 m per year) was marked. In a period of significant level rises, the flooding of ports, berths, the destruction of hydraulic engineering structures, storage facilities, and residential buildings is possible. Also, during the period of the significant decreasing of the sea level, the already limited depth of the approach channels decreases again, that disrupts the operation of the fleet. Conclusions. Investigations of the current state of the Ukrainian coastal zone of the Azov Sea, that is significant importance for the sustainable the economy development, the recreational region’s potential and the social level of the population. It has been established that in the eastern regions of the Azov coast of Ukraine there are a deficit of sediments and a high degree of variability of the abrasion form of the coastal-sea relief is noted, and an excess of sediments are formed in the western and northwestern regions.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84028844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-23
Formulation of the problem. Water is one of the most important resources in the world. The Volyn region has significant reserves of surface and underground water, but irrational use of water resources leads to their depletion. Furthermore, today the anthropogenic loading on natural ecosystems is increasing, this factor leads to the deterioration of the ecological state of water resources. So that, research the peculiarities of the water using and ecological state of water bodies and underground aquifers is necessary for conservation and restoration water resources of the region. Review of previous publications and studies. The problem of water use in the Volyn region was being studied by many scientists. The information base of this article includes number scientific works, published by K. I. Herenchuk, F. V. Zuzuk, L. V. Ilin, Ya. O. Molchak, R. V. Migas, M. R. Zabokrytska, V. K. Khil-chevskyi, V. O. Fesiuk, S. V. Polianskyi, T. S. Pavlovska, O. V. Ilina, M. A. Khvesyk, I. V. Sanina, H. H. Liutyi, L. I. Shevchuk and others. Moreover, statistical information about water use and state of water resources was given in the ecological passports, yearbooks of the Volyn region and Ukraine. Also, systematic observations of aquatic ecosystems are carried out by Regional water resources office in the Volyn region. Methods. The methodological base of the study is theoretical foundations of the doctrine of nature management. The authors applied mathematical-statistical, graphic and cartographic methods. Besides, methods of induction, deduction, comparative analysis and synthesis were used during the research. Results. The article is devoted to the study of water resources in the Volyn region, peculiarities of their use by the population and economy. The authors pay attention to the all sources of water in the Volyn region and characterize their distribution. It is mentioned that the most important source of water is aquifers. The authors give information about the structure of water use by type of economic activity. It is clarified that the largest consumers of water are agricultural enterprises and communal services. Agriculture consumes water resources for irrigation and other purposes, however, much water in this branch of economy is used irrationally. Also, large amount of extracted water is exploited for water supply of settlements in the Volyn region. But, only 5,5 % of the used water is consumed by industry, in particular, by food and sugar branch. Besides, the peculiarities of water usage in the administrative districts of the Volyn region are analyzed. The authors investigated that the biggest consumers of water are population and economy of Lutsk, Gorokhiv, Ivanychi and Volodymyr-Volynskiy districts, the least water usage is inherent for Shatsk, Lyubeshiv and Lokachinsky districts. Moreover, it is mentioned, that the features of water usage in the Volyn region change in time. For example, the amount of water consumption during 2000-2014 was dec
问题的表述。水是世界上最重要的资源之一。沃林地区地表水和地下水储量丰富，但水资源的不合理利用导致了水资源的枯竭。此外，当今人类对自然生态系统的负荷日益增加，这一因素导致了水资源生态状态的恶化。因此，研究该地区水体和地下含水层的用水特点和生态状况，对保护和恢复该地区的水资源是必要的。回顾以前的出版物和研究。许多科学家正在研究沃林地区的用水问题。本文的信息库收录了K. I. Herenchuk、F. V. Zuzuk、L. V. Ilin、Ya发表的若干科学著作。莫恰克、米加斯、扎博克雷茨卡、基尔切夫斯基、费舍乌克、波利安斯基、帕夫洛夫斯卡、伊丽娜、赫维谢克、萨尼娜、柳蒂、谢夫楚克等人。此外，在沃林地区和乌克兰的生态护照、年鉴中提供了关于用水和水资源状况的统计资料。同时，由沃林地区水资源办公室对沃林地区的水生生态系统进行了系统的观测。本研究的方法论基础是自然管理学的理论基础。作者运用了数理统计、绘图和制图的方法。此外，在研究过程中还采用了归纳、演绎、比较分析和综合的方法。本文对沃林地区的水资源及其在人口和经济方面的特点进行了研究。作者关注了沃林地区的各种水源，并对其分布进行了描述。有人提到，最重要的水源是含水层。作者给出了按经济活动类型划分的用水结构信息。澄清的是，水的最大消费者是农业企业和公共服务。农业用于灌溉和其他目的消耗水资源，然而，在这一经济部门中，许多水的利用是不合理的。此外，大量的抽取水被用于沃林地区住区的供水。但是，只有5.5%的用过的水被工业，特别是食品和糖部门消耗。此外，还分析了沃林地区行政区用水的特点。作者调查发现，用水量最大的是卢茨克、戈罗基夫、伊万尼奇和沃洛迪米尔-沃林斯基地区的人口和经济，用水量最少的是沙茨克、柳别什夫和洛卡钦斯基地区。此外，还指出了沃林地区的用水特征随时间的变化而变化。例如，由于社会经济原因，2000-2014年期间的用水量正在减少。本文研究了不同污染源对沃林地区水资源的影响问题。值得注意的是，地表水体最容易受到人为负荷的影响，它们通常受到未经处理的污水的污染。例如，河水含有许多污染物，其浓度超过了允许的最大浓度。具有科学新颖性和现实意义。首次对沃林地区的耗水结构和动态进行了表征。特别关注与水资源利用和其他经济活动有关的地表水和地下水资源的现代生态状况的研究。这一探索的结果将有助于优化用水和节约水资源。
{"title":"The peculiarities of using water resources at the Volyn region and their ecological state in the modern conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-23","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. Water is one of the most important resources in the world. The Volyn region has significant reserves of surface and underground water, but irrational use of water resources leads to their depletion. Furthermore, today the anthropogenic loading on natural ecosystems is increasing, this factor leads to the deterioration of the ecological state of water resources. So that, research the peculiarities of the water using and ecological state of water bodies and underground aquifers is necessary for conservation and restoration water resources of the region. Review of previous publications and studies. The problem of water use in the Volyn region was being studied by many scientists. The information base of this article includes number scientific works, published by K. I. Herenchuk, F. V. Zuzuk, L. V. Ilin, Ya. O. Molchak, R. V. Migas, M. R. Zabokrytska, V. K. Khil-chevskyi, V. O. Fesiuk, S. V. Polianskyi, T. S. Pavlovska, O. V. Ilina, M. A. Khvesyk, I. V. Sanina, H. H. Liutyi, L. I. Shevchuk and others. Moreover, statistical information about water use and state of water resources was given in the ecological passports, yearbooks of the Volyn region and Ukraine. Also, systematic observations of aquatic ecosystems are carried out by Regional water resources office in the Volyn region. Methods. The methodological base of the study is theoretical foundations of the doctrine of nature management. The authors applied mathematical-statistical, graphic and cartographic methods. Besides, methods of induction, deduction, comparative analysis and synthesis were used during the research. Results. The article is devoted to the study of water resources in the Volyn region, peculiarities of their use by the population and economy. The authors pay attention to the all sources of water in the Volyn region and characterize their distribution. It is mentioned that the most important source of water is aquifers. The authors give information about the structure of water use by type of economic activity. It is clarified that the largest consumers of water are agricultural enterprises and communal services. Agriculture consumes water resources for irrigation and other purposes, however, much water in this branch of economy is used irrationally. Also, large amount of extracted water is exploited for water supply of settlements in the Volyn region. But, only 5,5 % of the used water is consumed by industry, in particular, by food and sugar branch. Besides, the peculiarities of water usage in the administrative districts of the Volyn region are analyzed. The authors investigated that the biggest consumers of water are population and economy of Lutsk, Gorokhiv, Ivanychi and Volodymyr-Volynskiy districts, the least water usage is inherent for Shatsk, Lyubeshiv and Lokachinsky districts. Moreover, it is mentioned, that the features of water usage in the Volyn region change in time. For example, the amount of water consumption during 2000-2014 was dec","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84179307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-20
Formulation of the problem. Urban landscapes are distinguished from the surrounding territories by the radical transformation of all components under the influence of anthropogenic factor. Flora and fauna which are one of the most important factors in maintaining the ecological balance of urban landscapes are undergoing the largest changes in cities. Therefore, an urgent problem is the conservation of biota in cities. The solution of this problem involves protection of existing and restoration of degraded habitats of flora and fauna in cities; creation of the necessary migration conditions for the exchange of genetic information. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify the peculiarities of flora and fauna, landscape complexes of biocentres of Vinnytsia ecological network. Methods. In order to achieve this purpose, a study of flora and fauna and landscape complexes of the urban territory was conducted; the habitats of rare species of flora and fauna, the areas of occurrence of the associations of the Green Book of Ukraine were revealed; features of quasi-natural areas valuable for the conservation of biodiversity were analyzed. The studies were conducted using the following methods: field research (key, area and route), analytical-cartographic analysis, collecting and processing of statistical information, literary-cartographic, theoretical generalization and systematization of facts, analysis, abstraction, analogy, synthesis. Results. 25 biocentres are singled out in the structure of Vinnytsia local ecological network. They represent all the landscapes of the city: typical forest-steppe and mixed forests; river-beds, floodplains, above-floodplain terraces, slopes and watersheds; forest-steppe woodlands, passage valleys and upland oakery; conditionally natural and anthropogenic. The characteristic features of urban ecological network biocentres are determined by their location within certain types of landscape terrain. Therefore, the floodplain, above-floodplain-terrace, slope, watershed and complex groups of biocentres of Vinnytsia are distinguished. Complex biocentres dominate in areas (70.7%). They cover several types of landscape terrains. But slope and watershed types prevail among them. Large areas (22.8%) are covered by biocentres of the above-floodplain-terrace group. Slope (1.9%) and watershed (1.3%) biocentres are the least common. Biocentres are represented by quasi-natural areas where rare species of living organisms and plant associations are frequently seen. Scientific novelty. For the first time since 2015, after increasing the area of Vinnytsia, local biocentres of the city's ecological network have been singled out. The peculiarities of landscape complexes, flora and fauna of biocentres have been revealed, in particular the list of rare species of flora and fauna has been defined. Practical importance. Distinguished biocentres of Vinnytsia local ecological network will help preserve the biotic and landscape divers
{"title":"The biocentres of the ecological network of Vinnytsia сity","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-20","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. Urban landscapes are distinguished from the surrounding territories by the radical transformation of all components under the influence of anthropogenic factor. Flora and fauna which are one of the most important factors in maintaining the ecological balance of urban landscapes are undergoing the largest changes in cities. Therefore, an urgent problem is the conservation of biota in cities. The solution of this problem involves protection of existing and restoration of degraded habitats of flora and fauna in cities; creation of the necessary migration conditions for the exchange of genetic information. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify the peculiarities of flora and fauna, landscape complexes of biocentres of Vinnytsia ecological network. Methods. In order to achieve this purpose, a study of flora and fauna and landscape complexes of the urban territory was conducted; the habitats of rare species of flora and fauna, the areas of occurrence of the associations of the Green Book of Ukraine were revealed; features of quasi-natural areas valuable for the conservation of biodiversity were analyzed. The studies were conducted using the following methods: field research (key, area and route), analytical-cartographic analysis, collecting and processing of statistical information, literary-cartographic, theoretical generalization and systematization of facts, analysis, abstraction, analogy, synthesis. Results. 25 biocentres are singled out in the structure of Vinnytsia local ecological network. They represent all the landscapes of the city: typical forest-steppe and mixed forests; river-beds, floodplains, above-floodplain terraces, slopes and watersheds; forest-steppe woodlands, passage valleys and upland oakery; conditionally natural and anthropogenic. The characteristic features of urban ecological network biocentres are determined by their location within certain types of landscape terrain. Therefore, the floodplain, above-floodplain-terrace, slope, watershed and complex groups of biocentres of Vinnytsia are distinguished. Complex biocentres dominate in areas (70.7%). They cover several types of landscape terrains. But slope and watershed types prevail among them. Large areas (22.8%) are covered by biocentres of the above-floodplain-terrace group. Slope (1.9%) and watershed (1.3%) biocentres are the least common. Biocentres are represented by quasi-natural areas where rare species of living organisms and plant associations are frequently seen. Scientific novelty. For the first time since 2015, after increasing the area of Vinnytsia, local biocentres of the city's ecological network have been singled out. The peculiarities of landscape complexes, flora and fauna of biocentres have been revealed, in particular the list of rare species of flora and fauna has been defined. Practical importance. Distinguished biocentres of Vinnytsia local ecological network will help preserve the biotic and landscape divers","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85371933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-24
Introduction. To restore and preserve the optimal ecological status of the Western Bug river basin, it is necessary to adhere to the strategic principles of environmental management, and since the river is transboundary and tributary basins are located in Ukraine and Poland, it is important to determine the ecological status of small rivers. In the territory of the Volyn region, the rivers-tributaries Luha and Studyanka are most affected by anthropogenic impact. An ecological assessment of water quality based on the condition of macrophytes is given, as macrophytes llow to determine the degree of surface water degradation, first of all, in terms of their trophic status. The purpose of article. The purpose of article aims to assess the ecological status of the rivers of the Western Bug river basin using bioindication methods and determination of the Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR). Methods. Research methods are expeditionary, methods of mathematical statistics end bioindication methods and determination of the Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR). Results. To determine the ecological status of the rivers of the Western Bug basin and to conduct research, three test sites with a length of at least 100 m were laid on two tributaries of the first order - the rivers Luha and Studyanka. To determine the MIR (Macrophyte Index for Rivers) in the test riverbed areas, 42 indicator species of macrophytes were selected, of which 1 species belongs to the division Polipodiophyta and Equisetophyta, 40 species to the division Magnoliophyta, of which 15 belong to the class Magnoliopsida, and 25 belong to the class Liliopsida. According to the classification of the MIR indicator, to determine the ecological status, the rivers Luha and Studyanka belong to lowland watercourses, with the type of macrophytes - M-VIII (organic rivers). As a result of the calculated Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR), it was established (Table 4) that the water quality in the Luha river in test site 1 (Zavydiv village) has a good ecological status, MIR is 39,0; and test site 2 (Volodymyr-Volynskyi city) has a satisfactory or moderate ecological status, MIR is 31,56; in the river Studyanka, the test site 3 (Ustyluh town) has a satisfactory or moderate ecological condition, MIR is 28,31. Conclusions. According to the ecological status of rivers determined by the Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR), it is established that the waters of the Luha and Studyanka rivers have a satisfactory or moderate ecological condition. This suggests that the research conducted on test sites and calculations of the Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR) are identical and fully reflect the ecological status of the rivers Luha and Studyanka determined by hydrochemical parameters, which allows the use of this research algorithm for other rivers in the Western Bug river basin and is promising during research on other rivers of Ukraine.
{"title":"Assessment of the ecological condition of the Western Bug river basin according to the macrophyte index for rivers (MIR)","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. To restore and preserve the optimal ecological status of the Western Bug river basin, it is necessary to adhere to the strategic principles of environmental management, and since the river is transboundary and tributary basins are located in Ukraine and Poland, it is important to determine the ecological status of small rivers. In the territory of the Volyn region, the rivers-tributaries Luha and Studyanka are most affected by anthropogenic impact. An ecological assessment of water quality based on the condition of macrophytes is given, as macrophytes llow to determine the degree of surface water degradation, first of all, in terms of their trophic status. The purpose of article. The purpose of article aims to assess the ecological status of the rivers of the Western Bug river basin using bioindication methods and determination of the Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR). Methods. Research methods are expeditionary, methods of mathematical statistics end bioindication methods and determination of the Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR). Results. To determine the ecological status of the rivers of the Western Bug basin and to conduct research, three test sites with a length of at least 100 m were laid on two tributaries of the first order - the rivers Luha and Studyanka. To determine the MIR (Macrophyte Index for Rivers) in the test riverbed areas, 42 indicator species of macrophytes were selected, of which 1 species belongs to the division Polipodiophyta and Equisetophyta, 40 species to the division Magnoliophyta, of which 15 belong to the class Magnoliopsida, and 25 belong to the class Liliopsida. According to the classification of the MIR indicator, to determine the ecological status, the rivers Luha and Studyanka belong to lowland watercourses, with the type of macrophytes - M-VIII (organic rivers). As a result of the calculated Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR), it was established (Table 4) that the water quality in the Luha river in test site 1 (Zavydiv village) has a good ecological status, MIR is 39,0; and test site 2 (Volodymyr-Volynskyi city) has a satisfactory or moderate ecological status, MIR is 31,56; in the river Studyanka, the test site 3 (Ustyluh town) has a satisfactory or moderate ecological condition, MIR is 28,31. Conclusions. According to the ecological status of rivers determined by the Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR), it is established that the waters of the Luha and Studyanka rivers have a satisfactory or moderate ecological condition. This suggests that the research conducted on test sites and calculations of the Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR) are identical and fully reflect the ecological status of the rivers Luha and Studyanka determined by hydrochemical parameters, which allows the use of this research algorithm for other rivers in the Western Bug river basin and is promising during research on other rivers of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75782411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-06
Purpose, methods and research methodology. The aim of the work is to calculate and compare the trends of transformation of organic matter of I-A and III-A type kerogen, which is in contact with organic and inorganic gases in the process of immersion of organ-containing rocks. The calculations were performed for I and III type kerogen and a mixture of organic and inorganic gases within depths of 1-20 km and heat flows from 40 to 100 mW / m2. Results, scientific novelty and practical significance of research. A comparison and analysis of changes in the total entropy of the system was performed for I and III type kerogen, which showed the complex nature of the total entropy functional dependence on depth. It was revealed that the entropy has two reversible sections, the maxima of which are at a depth of 6 and 12 km. The analysis of changes in the Gibbs energy during the immersion of the geochemical system unambiguously indicates the presence of a stability zone for the hydrocarbon component. The maximum of this zone corresponds to the minimum value of the Gibbs energy, depends on the kerogen type and heat flow, is in the range of 4-7 km and indicates the area of stability, or "oil window". The complex nature of the balance between constitutional water and kerogen, depending on the heat flow and depth, has been established. To analyze this equilibrium, a simple dehydration equilibrium constant (Kd) was proposed, which generalizes the transformations of water in the kerogen matrix. Thermodynamic methods were used to calculate and compare the gas-generating capacity of I and III type kerogen for all heat flows, which showed that I type kerogen is the most productive with gas-generating potential, and III type is the least productive. To estimate the proportional composition of hydrocarbon gases in equilibrium with kerogen, the fat content coefficient of the gas generated by I and III type kerogen was calculated. It is shown that with immersion, the fat content coefficient first increases rapidly, which indicates an increase in the proportional content of alkanes heavier than methane. This growth reaches a maximum within 2-3 km for all considered heat flows, after which the fat content coefficient decreases. The equilibrium constant of the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction is calculated, which showed that regardless of the heat flow, the rate of kerosene decarboxylation decreases with increasing depth due to the shift of equilibrium to the left, and the contribution of this reaction to kerogen conversion is insignificant.
{"title":"Modeling the transformation of І and ІІІ types kerogen by the method of entropy maximization","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-06","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose, methods and research methodology. The aim of the work is to calculate and compare the trends of transformation of organic matter of I-A and III-A type kerogen, which is in contact with organic and inorganic gases in the process of immersion of organ-containing rocks. The calculations were performed for I and III type kerogen and a mixture of organic and inorganic gases within depths of 1-20 km and heat flows from 40 to 100 mW / m2. Results, scientific novelty and practical significance of research. A comparison and analysis of changes in the total entropy of the system was performed for I and III type kerogen, which showed the complex nature of the total entropy functional dependence on depth. It was revealed that the entropy has two reversible sections, the maxima of which are at a depth of 6 and 12 km. The analysis of changes in the Gibbs energy during the immersion of the geochemical system unambiguously indicates the presence of a stability zone for the hydrocarbon component. The maximum of this zone corresponds to the minimum value of the Gibbs energy, depends on the kerogen type and heat flow, is in the range of 4-7 km and indicates the area of stability, or \"oil window\". The complex nature of the balance between constitutional water and kerogen, depending on the heat flow and depth, has been established. To analyze this equilibrium, a simple dehydration equilibrium constant (Kd) was proposed, which generalizes the transformations of water in the kerogen matrix. Thermodynamic methods were used to calculate and compare the gas-generating capacity of I and III type kerogen for all heat flows, which showed that I type kerogen is the most productive with gas-generating potential, and III type is the least productive. To estimate the proportional composition of hydrocarbon gases in equilibrium with kerogen, the fat content coefficient of the gas generated by I and III type kerogen was calculated. It is shown that with immersion, the fat content coefficient first increases rapidly, which indicates an increase in the proportional content of alkanes heavier than methane. This growth reaches a maximum within 2-3 km for all considered heat flows, after which the fat content coefficient decreases. The equilibrium constant of the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction is calculated, which showed that regardless of the heat flow, the rate of kerosene decarboxylation decreases with increasing depth due to the shift of equilibrium to the left, and the contribution of this reaction to kerogen conversion is insignificant.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90576101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-12
Formulation of the problem. The water flow of the Styr River is using for the needs of industry, agriculture and the population. Thus, forecasting the water flow of this river for the future is an important scientific and practical task. The hydrological forecasts that have a lead time of one year, two years, or a decade are not as reliable as they need to be. Now in the world this problem is not solved. Along with quantitative forecasting methods, the qualitative methods have also been developed. The method of commensurability refers to such methods. It was developed by Chinese geophysicist Weng Wen-Bo in 1984. The commensurability method supports prediction of various natural phenomena, including floods and other dangerous events. The objective of this paper is to use the Weng Wen-Bo method for long-term water flow forecasting of the Styr River at Lutsk city. Methods. The commensurability method uses the dates on which natural phenomena (earthquakes, floods, droughts, etc.) were observed. For this reason, it has been called the information method. It is characterized by simplicity of calculation, graphical visualization, the use of researcher intuition and minimum needs for input information. There are several ways of forecasting using the method of commensurability. This paper is used a method of forecasting by two-dimensional commensurability graphs. Such approach consists in the determining the commensurability values in the dates array of certain phenomena occurrence and creating a two-dimensional graph of commensurability, according to which forecasting occurs. The use of such a method allows determining the years that may be wet and dry in the near future. Results. The data of observations at the hydrological station of the Styr River - Lutsk city for the period 1923-2017 are used in the paper. The results of the study on the commensurability method show that the water flow of the river Styr in 2020-2021 should be more than the norm and in 2023-2024 - less than the norm. Scientific novelty and practical significance. In Ukraine the commensurability method was used for the first time for long-term forecasting of water flow for coming years. The estimating of the effectiveness of forecasting by the commensurability method requires an array of long-term forecasts. Therefore, the next step of the study should be to forecast of water flow on different rivers, but provided that they have the long series of observation. The results of the long-term forecasting will enable the relevant services the negative consequences of a hydrological phenomenon, such as low water flow or floods on rivers will prevent.
{"title":"The forecasting of water runoff of the Styr river for the coming years","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-12","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. The water flow of the Styr River is using for the needs of industry, agriculture and the population. Thus, forecasting the water flow of this river for the future is an important scientific and practical task. The hydrological forecasts that have a lead time of one year, two years, or a decade are not as reliable as they need to be. Now in the world this problem is not solved. Along with quantitative forecasting methods, the qualitative methods have also been developed. The method of commensurability refers to such methods. It was developed by Chinese geophysicist Weng Wen-Bo in 1984. The commensurability method supports prediction of various natural phenomena, including floods and other dangerous events. The objective of this paper is to use the Weng Wen-Bo method for long-term water flow forecasting of the Styr River at Lutsk city. Methods. The commensurability method uses the dates on which natural phenomena (earthquakes, floods, droughts, etc.) were observed. For this reason, it has been called the information method. It is characterized by simplicity of calculation, graphical visualization, the use of researcher intuition and minimum needs for input information. There are several ways of forecasting using the method of commensurability. This paper is used a method of forecasting by two-dimensional commensurability graphs. Such approach consists in the determining the commensurability values in the dates array of certain phenomena occurrence and creating a two-dimensional graph of commensurability, according to which forecasting occurs. The use of such a method allows determining the years that may be wet and dry in the near future. Results. The data of observations at the hydrological station of the Styr River - Lutsk city for the period 1923-2017 are used in the paper. The results of the study on the commensurability method show that the water flow of the river Styr in 2020-2021 should be more than the norm and in 2023-2024 - less than the norm. Scientific novelty and practical significance. In Ukraine the commensurability method was used for the first time for long-term forecasting of water flow for coming years. The estimating of the effectiveness of forecasting by the commensurability method requires an array of long-term forecasts. Therefore, the next step of the study should be to forecast of water flow on different rivers, but provided that they have the long series of observation. The results of the long-term forecasting will enable the relevant services the negative consequences of a hydrological phenomenon, such as low water flow or floods on rivers will prevent.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89386274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-15
Formulation of the problem. The article is dedicated to the improvement of existing technologies for the restoration of soil contaminated with heavy metals (НM) by phytoremediation using artificially created geochemical barriers (GB). The purpose of the article includes 2 aspects: to develop and improve existing phytotechnology of soil purification through the use of GB; determine agrocenosis cultures for optimal phytoremediation of soil contamination by specific НM. Materials and methods. The ability of special agrocenoses to provide soil phytoremediation is used as the main working tool. Phytoremediation technology of contaminated VM soils involves two stages: preparatory and phytoremediation. In the first stage, geochemical survey of the territory of the landfill is carried out before the pollutants are introduced; an artificial GB is created from materials of industrial waste – iron sulfate (FeSO4 ∙ nH2O); the contaminated sites of the landfill are identified by sampling soil for analysis of the contents of НM. In the second stage of the experiment, the characteristics of the artificial artificial GB are determined and the process of soil phytoremediation using special agrocenoses is investigated. Quantitative determination of the content of НM in the selected samples is performed on a SRM-25 RF spectrometer. To analyze the content of HM, the plant material is dried to air-dry state, ground to a powdered state and pelleted under a press. Results. The analysis of the performed researches of phytoremediation technologies makes it possible to state with confidence that the most priority is the combination of phytoremediation technologies with the cessation of migration and concentration of НМ with artificial GB. As a result of the conducted research the following results are obtained: – existing phytotechnologies of soil purification are being improved due to the combination of artificially created GBs with selected agrocenoses; – it is established that the most representative pollutants of landfill soils are – Cu and Zn; – the optimal composition of agrocenoses for soil phytoremediation is determined: calendula, annual lupine and dwarf sunflower, which allow to obtain representative results on the efficiency of Cu and Zn phytochemical extraction. Maximum concentrations of Cu are recorded in sunflower tissues; high concentrations of Zn compared to Cu – in the tissues of calendula and lupine. The final part of the experiment is the elimination of agrocenosis at the final stage of vegetation, which accumulates in its composition high concentrations of Cu and Zn. It is estimated that in several cycles of elimination of such agrocenoses, the content of soil contaminants should reach acceptable levels. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Scientific novelty – the process of restoration of ecological properties of soils due to the improvement of phytoremediation technology is scientifically substantiated. The practical application o
{"title":"Remediation of contaminated heavy metals and radionuclides of soil covering with the application of modern environmental technologies","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-15","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. The article is dedicated to the improvement of existing technologies for the restoration of soil contaminated with heavy metals (НM) by phytoremediation using artificially created geochemical barriers (GB). The purpose of the article includes 2 aspects: to develop and improve existing phytotechnology of soil purification through the use of GB; determine agrocenosis cultures for optimal phytoremediation of soil contamination by specific НM. Materials and methods. The ability of special agrocenoses to provide soil phytoremediation is used as the main working tool. Phytoremediation technology of contaminated VM soils involves two stages: preparatory and phytoremediation. In the first stage, geochemical survey of the territory of the landfill is carried out before the pollutants are introduced; an artificial GB is created from materials of industrial waste – iron sulfate (FeSO4 ∙ nH2O); the contaminated sites of the landfill are identified by sampling soil for analysis of the contents of НM. In the second stage of the experiment, the characteristics of the artificial artificial GB are determined and the process of soil phytoremediation using special agrocenoses is investigated. Quantitative determination of the content of НM in the selected samples is performed on a SRM-25 RF spectrometer. To analyze the content of HM, the plant material is dried to air-dry state, ground to a powdered state and pelleted under a press. Results. The analysis of the performed researches of phytoremediation technologies makes it possible to state with confidence that the most priority is the combination of phytoremediation technologies with the cessation of migration and concentration of НМ with artificial GB. As a result of the conducted research the following results are obtained: – existing phytotechnologies of soil purification are being improved due to the combination of artificially created GBs with selected agrocenoses; – it is established that the most representative pollutants of landfill soils are – Cu and Zn; – the optimal composition of agrocenoses for soil phytoremediation is determined: calendula, annual lupine and dwarf sunflower, which allow to obtain representative results on the efficiency of Cu and Zn phytochemical extraction. Maximum concentrations of Cu are recorded in sunflower tissues; high concentrations of Zn compared to Cu – in the tissues of calendula and lupine. The final part of the experiment is the elimination of agrocenosis at the final stage of vegetation, which accumulates in its composition high concentrations of Cu and Zn. It is estimated that in several cycles of elimination of such agrocenoses, the content of soil contaminants should reach acceptable levels. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Scientific novelty – the process of restoration of ecological properties of soils due to the improvement of phytoremediation technology is scientifically substantiated. The practical application o","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85385725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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