Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-13
Problem formulation. In the context of a comprehensive and constant increasing in anthropogenic pressure on the environment, a special role in the preservation of biotic and landscape diversity is assigned to national natural parks (NNP). For organization of large amounts of accumulated factual and theoretical information, the environmental institutions of this level, especially in the management of these conservation areas, are particularly important cartographic materials. In this case, cartographic materials can be used as a methodological basis for territorial-spatial data and the most effective means of research. There is an obvious need to analyze the approaches to the assessment of environmental mapping, in particular, the definition of the mapping features of a particular nature reserve with a generalization and systematization of experience creating maps. These created maps can serve as a kind of information space and NNP tool, depending on the research topic. The purpose of the article is to analyze, develop and substantiate the cartographic support of the activities of the territory of Karmelyukove Podillia National Park as the basis for creating a highly effective information space for solving the problems of its sustainable development. Methodology and materials. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study, first of all, is as general scientific provisions on the universal interconnection and interdependence of objects and phenomena in nature and society. In addition, the latest geoinformation approaches and statistical methods for processing data from space-time analysis were used. The development of a large-scale mapping methodology was based on the author's personal research during 1998-2020. Results. On the example of Karmelyukove Podillia National Park the data of the cartographic support of the NNP were summarized and systematized throughout the entire period of the study of this territory. The structure of the system of cartographic information for planning and conducting rational use of natural resources in the conditions of an environmental institution has been developed and presented. The reasons for the ineffective formation and use of environmental cartographic information "Karmelyukove Podillya" with the definition of ways of its optimization are determined. The demand for the maps of assessment, forecast, recommendation and advertising content is grounded. It is proposed to use the landscape approach and modern GIS technologies as the means for solving the problems of natural resource management and planning of natural resource use by NNP. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a complex of studies of cartographic support of Karmelyukove Podillia National Park was performed and the structure of a cartographic information system for planning and organizing rational environmental management was presented. An original cartographic database on NNP has been created, which has been formed over the past 30 years
{"title":"Cartographic support of the realities of conservation of biotic and landscape diversity of national natural parks","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-13","url":null,"abstract":"Problem formulation. In the context of a comprehensive and constant increasing in anthropogenic pressure on the environment, a special role in the preservation of biotic and landscape diversity is assigned to national natural parks (NNP). For organization of large amounts of accumulated factual and theoretical information, the environmental institutions of this level, especially in the management of these conservation areas, are particularly important cartographic materials. In this case, cartographic materials can be used as a methodological basis for territorial-spatial data and the most effective means of research. There is an obvious need to analyze the approaches to the assessment of environmental mapping, in particular, the definition of the mapping features of a particular nature reserve with a generalization and systematization of experience creating maps. These created maps can serve as a kind of information space and NNP tool, depending on the research topic. The purpose of the article is to analyze, develop and substantiate the cartographic support of the activities of the territory of Karmelyukove Podillia National Park as the basis for creating a highly effective information space for solving the problems of its sustainable development. Methodology and materials. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study, first of all, is as general scientific provisions on the universal interconnection and interdependence of objects and phenomena in nature and society. In addition, the latest geoinformation approaches and statistical methods for processing data from space-time analysis were used. The development of a large-scale mapping methodology was based on the author's personal research during 1998-2020. Results. On the example of Karmelyukove Podillia National Park the data of the cartographic support of the NNP were summarized and systematized throughout the entire period of the study of this territory. The structure of the system of cartographic information for planning and conducting rational use of natural resources in the conditions of an environmental institution has been developed and presented. The reasons for the ineffective formation and use of environmental cartographic information \"Karmelyukove Podillya\" with the definition of ways of its optimization are determined. The demand for the maps of assessment, forecast, recommendation and advertising content is grounded. It is proposed to use the landscape approach and modern GIS technologies as the means for solving the problems of natural resource management and planning of natural resource use by NNP. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a complex of studies of cartographic support of Karmelyukove Podillia National Park was performed and the structure of a cartographic information system for planning and organizing rational environmental management was presented. An original cartographic database on NNP has been created, which has been formed over the past 30 years","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"415 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84897528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-05
Formulation of the problem. The aim of work is to prove the expedience of using the beautiful localities with valuable geosites of the Kharkiv region as geotourism objects. Presentation of the main material. The most interesting objects of geotourism in the Kharkiv region are Izyum district, Gorodishhenska and Kozacha mountains, locality Kruchi in Zmijov district, Bajdaki cretaceous rock near Protopopivka village in Balakliya district, cretaceous mountains in Oskil and the Volcha river valleys in Dvorichna and Volchansk districts, locality Krutyj Log near Ruski Tyshki village in Kharkiv district. The objects of Izyum district are described in details. They are located in the south-east of the Kharkiv region near Izyum town, at the distance of 130 km from Kharkiv. Apart from picturesque landscapes, there are 3 remarkable geosites in this locality: Kremenec mountain, Protopivska ravine and lower part of the Grekivka river valley, which is also called the Big Kamenka outcrops. Kremenec mountain is situated on the territory of the Izyum town. The outcrops are located on the crest and western slope of this upland and are composed of Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits. The Big Kamenka outcrops and Protopivska ravine are located on the territory of the Kamenka village. The Big Kamenka outcrops are composed of Jurassic gritstones, sandstones, aleurolites, clay deposits and limestones. The Protopivska ravine is located in the core of Kamenka anticline and is composed of Triassic deposits. In the Izyum district different types of valuable geological objects have been discovered, namely: paleontological – Triassic flora, Jurassic fauna; stratigraphical – the stratotypes of regional suites of Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous sediments – Protopivska, Izyumska, Kremenecka, Priizyumska suites; mineralogical – quartz, chalcedony, calcite, limonite; petrographical – non-ordinary rocks as coral limestones etc.; tectonic – are visible folds and faults – for example, Kamenska anticline; paleogeographical – consists of geological evidences of different conditions of sedimentation – for example, the Oxfordian bioherms, Kimmeridgian lagoonal deposits; geomorphological – remarkable forms of surface, such as limestone rocky outcrops of Iziumska Suites; hydrogeological – the Jurassic springs (Big Kamenka outcrops); raw materials – Turonian chalk, phosphorite concretions in the Cenomanian sediments, which have practical value; mining history – remainders of chalk quarry on the summit of the Kremenec hill; memorial – prominent geologists' work-places and spots of findings of valuable geological materials, such as Cenomanian plesiosaur Cimoliosaurus bernardi Owen in Kremenec and others. Conclusion. The Izyum area contains numerous remarkable geological objects, beautiful landscapes and can be successfully used for geotourism.
{"title":"Aesthetic-remarkable localities of Kharkiv region as geotourism objects","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-05","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. The aim of work is to prove the expedience of using the beautiful localities with valuable geosites of the Kharkiv region as geotourism objects. Presentation of the main material. The most interesting objects of geotourism in the Kharkiv region are Izyum district, Gorodishhenska and Kozacha mountains, locality Kruchi in Zmijov district, Bajdaki cretaceous rock near Protopopivka village in Balakliya district, cretaceous mountains in Oskil and the Volcha river valleys in Dvorichna and Volchansk districts, locality Krutyj Log near Ruski Tyshki village in Kharkiv district. The objects of Izyum district are described in details. They are located in the south-east of the Kharkiv region near Izyum town, at the distance of 130 km from Kharkiv. Apart from picturesque landscapes, there are 3 remarkable geosites in this locality: Kremenec mountain, Protopivska ravine and lower part of the Grekivka river valley, which is also called the Big Kamenka outcrops. Kremenec mountain is situated on the territory of the Izyum town. The outcrops are located on the crest and western slope of this upland and are composed of Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits. The Big Kamenka outcrops and Protopivska ravine are located on the territory of the Kamenka village. The Big Kamenka outcrops are composed of Jurassic gritstones, sandstones, aleurolites, clay deposits and limestones. The Protopivska ravine is located in the core of Kamenka anticline and is composed of Triassic deposits. In the Izyum district different types of valuable geological objects have been discovered, namely: paleontological – Triassic flora, Jurassic fauna; stratigraphical – the stratotypes of regional suites of Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous sediments – Protopivska, Izyumska, Kremenecka, Priizyumska suites; mineralogical – quartz, chalcedony, calcite, limonite; petrographical – non-ordinary rocks as coral limestones etc.; tectonic – are visible folds and faults – for example, Kamenska anticline; paleogeographical – consists of geological evidences of different conditions of sedimentation – for example, the Oxfordian bioherms, Kimmeridgian lagoonal deposits; geomorphological – remarkable forms of surface, such as limestone rocky outcrops of Iziumska Suites; hydrogeological – the Jurassic springs (Big Kamenka outcrops); raw materials – Turonian chalk, phosphorite concretions in the Cenomanian sediments, which have practical value; mining history – remainders of chalk quarry on the summit of the Kremenec hill; memorial – prominent geologists' work-places and spots of findings of valuable geological materials, such as Cenomanian plesiosaur Cimoliosaurus bernardi Owen in Kremenec and others. Conclusion. The Izyum area contains numerous remarkable geological objects, beautiful landscapes and can be successfully used for geotourism.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75252989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-14
Introduction. Health tourism is considered a kind of tourism which is carried out for the purpose of prevention of various diseases and the recreation and provides for guests accommodation in sanatorium-and-spa establishments. This is a special form of tourism, which includes providing medical treatment (often non-drug) or health improvement services. Problem formulation. Health tourism takes one of the leading places in the tourism industry. This is mostly caused by the increase in the population wellbeing. Analysis of recent research and publications. Studies of the development of health tourism in general and in the Lviv region in particular are presented in the works of many Ukrainian and foreign scientists. The article fulfilled the analysis of foreign and domestic sources, which allowed to identify the following ideas that are of interest for the study of health tourism in Lviv region and many other regions of Ukraine Highlighting previously unsolved parts of the overall problem. The fulfilled study allowed us to assess approaches to the analysis of the current state of health tourism in general and in the Lviv region in particular. The literature is dominated by the opinion that the resort sphere of Lviv region attracts tourists with both favorable prices and a wide range of available services. The issues of estimating the tourist flows coming into the territory of Lviv region were also considered. At the same time, insufficient attention was paid to the study of the status of medical tourism, to the substantiation of proposals aimed at optimizing the development and the improvement of functioning of spa resorts in Lviv region. Formulating the purpose of the paper. The focus of this paper will be set on an objective assessment of the current conditions of the tourism industry based on a quantitative analysis of available statistical data with cartographic and modern statistical methods. Presentation of the main research material. The main directions of formation and development of health tourism in the world are outlined. Cheap health care and leisure services are provided mainly in the resorts of Asia, Latin America and Australia, as well as in some European countries. This is due to the cost of labor, as well as global pricing mechanisms. The main stages in the development of health tourism in Lviv region are distinguished. The description of Lviv region as an arena for the development of health tourism is given. Spa resorts of Lviv region are attractive first of all by the prices, and also by the wide range of available services. The resort sphere of Lviv region has been studied. Tourist flows in the region are being characterized. Conclusions. The main means of popularizing spa resorts of Lviv region have been identified, including advertising, Internet sources, exhibitions, forums and conferences. The proposals have been worked out directed on optimization of development and improvement of functioning of spa resorts of the Lviv
{"title":"Health tourism in Lviv region: current state and development prospects","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-14","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Health tourism is considered a kind of tourism which is carried out for the purpose of prevention of various diseases and the recreation and provides for guests accommodation in sanatorium-and-spa establishments. This is a special form of tourism, which includes providing medical treatment (often non-drug) or health improvement services. Problem formulation. Health tourism takes one of the leading places in the tourism industry. This is mostly caused by the increase in the population wellbeing. Analysis of recent research and publications. Studies of the development of health tourism in general and in the Lviv region in particular are presented in the works of many Ukrainian and foreign scientists. The article fulfilled the analysis of foreign and domestic sources, which allowed to identify the following ideas that are of interest for the study of health tourism in Lviv region and many other regions of Ukraine Highlighting previously unsolved parts of the overall problem. The fulfilled study allowed us to assess approaches to the analysis of the current state of health tourism in general and in the Lviv region in particular. The literature is dominated by the opinion that the resort sphere of Lviv region attracts tourists with both favorable prices and a wide range of available services. The issues of estimating the tourist flows coming into the territory of Lviv region were also considered. At the same time, insufficient attention was paid to the study of the status of medical tourism, to the substantiation of proposals aimed at optimizing the development and the improvement of functioning of spa resorts in Lviv region. Formulating the purpose of the paper. The focus of this paper will be set on an objective assessment of the current conditions of the tourism industry based on a quantitative analysis of available statistical data with cartographic and modern statistical methods. Presentation of the main research material. The main directions of formation and development of health tourism in the world are outlined. Cheap health care and leisure services are provided mainly in the resorts of Asia, Latin America and Australia, as well as in some European countries. This is due to the cost of labor, as well as global pricing mechanisms. The main stages in the development of health tourism in Lviv region are distinguished. The description of Lviv region as an arena for the development of health tourism is given. Spa resorts of Lviv region are attractive first of all by the prices, and also by the wide range of available services. The resort sphere of Lviv region has been studied. Tourist flows in the region are being characterized. Conclusions. The main means of popularizing spa resorts of Lviv region have been identified, including advertising, Internet sources, exhibitions, forums and conferences. The proposals have been worked out directed on optimization of development and improvement of functioning of spa resorts of the Lviv","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86303708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-07
Formulation of the problem. Large size and great reserves, as well as the possibility to apply rational methods of metals extraction predetermined the increasing interest to the copper-porphyry deposits. Today, they are the main raw material based on Cu, Mo, accompanying metals all over the world. The value of these deposits lie in the fact that they are in located in geologically well-studied regions. However, their ores in basic and associated components have relatively small content of Cu, Mo, Au, Ag, Bi, Re, Se, Te, spreading in large area. The purpose of the article. The main objective of the research is to study distribution peculiarities of basic ore components of Goshgarchay deposits, to detect geochemical features and behaviour of elements in the process of sedimentation by developing geochemical criteria of the search and the prognosis of hidden mineralization. Methods. The author studied the distribution problem of basic ore components of copper-porphyry mineralization, carried out field investigations (field researches), documented and tested underground mine working and core samples of over seventy well bores. When choosing the type of analysis, a special attention was paid to the sensitivity and exactness of the determination method. Analytical work was conducted according to the definition of chemical elements. The following types of analytical methods were used: chemical, atomic-absorption, spectral-chemical, etc. The analytical data were processed by the method of mathematical statistics. Results. As follows from the analysis of the above-mentioned results, the elements flaccid for hydrothermal solutions (Cr, Ni, V, Co, Mn, Ti) keep their independence in all groups of rocks. Their grouping is probably associated with the process of crystallized differentiation of magma. The elements Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag and partly Mo, don’t have specific place. Their presence is likely associated with the degree of rocks susceptibility, hydrothermal interaction being the source of these elements. In various types of ores and mineral associations the definition of elemental impurities is different. Their amount increases the amount (quantity) of clarke and coefficient of concentration a thousand times. Three different mineral associations coexist in the ore body: 1-primary sulphide-chalcopyrite and bornite-chalcopyrite ore. 2-oxidized ore and zone of secondary enrichment. 3-primary sulphide ore, significantly enriched in copper. Scientific novelty. Based on existing analytical data, the author studied distribution of basic ore and admixture components (gangue) and basic sulphide minerals. The concentration in series of elemental impurities were detailed in ore-bearing rocks of copper-porphyry deposits of Goshgarchay. The primary geochemical zonality was revealed in the distribution of basic ore-containing components in the ore body of copper-porphyry deposits of Goshgarchay ore field. Practical significance. The revealed peculiarities of the dist
{"title":"Distribution peculiarities of basic ore components in Goshgarchay porphyrous copper deposit (lesser Caucasus, Azerbaijan)","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-07","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. Large size and great reserves, as well as the possibility to apply rational methods of metals extraction predetermined the increasing interest to the copper-porphyry deposits. Today, they are the main raw material based on Cu, Mo, accompanying metals all over the world. The value of these deposits lie in the fact that they are in located in geologically well-studied regions. However, their ores in basic and associated components have relatively small content of Cu, Mo, Au, Ag, Bi, Re, Se, Te, spreading in large area. The purpose of the article. The main objective of the research is to study distribution peculiarities of basic ore components of Goshgarchay deposits, to detect geochemical features and behaviour of elements in the process of sedimentation by developing geochemical criteria of the search and the prognosis of hidden mineralization. Methods. The author studied the distribution problem of basic ore components of copper-porphyry mineralization, carried out field investigations (field researches), documented and tested underground mine working and core samples of over seventy well bores. When choosing the type of analysis, a special attention was paid to the sensitivity and exactness of the determination method. Analytical work was conducted according to the definition of chemical elements. The following types of analytical methods were used: chemical, atomic-absorption, spectral-chemical, etc. The analytical data were processed by the method of mathematical statistics. Results. As follows from the analysis of the above-mentioned results, the elements flaccid for hydrothermal solutions (Cr, Ni, V, Co, Mn, Ti) keep their independence in all groups of rocks. Their grouping is probably associated with the process of crystallized differentiation of magma. The elements Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag and partly Mo, don’t have specific place. Their presence is likely associated with the degree of rocks susceptibility, hydrothermal interaction being the source of these elements. In various types of ores and mineral associations the definition of elemental impurities is different. Their amount increases the amount (quantity) of clarke and coefficient of concentration a thousand times. Three different mineral associations coexist in the ore body: 1-primary sulphide-chalcopyrite and bornite-chalcopyrite ore. 2-oxidized ore and zone of secondary enrichment. 3-primary sulphide ore, significantly enriched in copper. Scientific novelty. Based on existing analytical data, the author studied distribution of basic ore and admixture components (gangue) and basic sulphide minerals. The concentration in series of elemental impurities were detailed in ore-bearing rocks of copper-porphyry deposits of Goshgarchay. The primary geochemical zonality was revealed in the distribution of basic ore-containing components in the ore body of copper-porphyry deposits of Goshgarchay ore field. Practical significance. The revealed peculiarities of the dist","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88323620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-21
Introduction. Today, the territory of Ukraine can be divided into urban areas and relatively clean, remote from major sources of industrial pollution, such as the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (KBR). It should be emphasized that in this case, the analysis is conducted only on the basis of a background approach. Given that there are no ongoing observations on the microcomponent composition of snow pollution, the aim of the work is to assess and analyze the level of snow pollution in 2019 and identify possible sources of pollution. The snow covers of the mountain tops of the KBR protected massifs ‒ Vezha mountain (Uholsko-Shirokoluzhansky), Stig, Dragobrat, Maly Menchul (Svydovetsky) mountains, Petros Chornohirsky mountains, Gropa, Hoverla (Chornohirsky) mountains, Menchul Rakhivsky mountains (Kuziysky), Petros Marmarosky mountain (Marmarosky). Review of previous publications. Since 2010, we have been conducting research on the microcomponent composition of snowfall on the territory of KBR, the results of which are reflected in scientific articles and monographs. Over the past ten years, the results of determining the microcomponent composition of the snow cover KBR presented in articles and monographs by us ‒ "Geochemistry of environmental objects of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve" and "Ore and man-made geochemical anomalies of protected areas of the Ukrainian Carpathians (for example reserve)h". Purpose. The aim of the study is to assess and analyze the level of pollution (microelement composition) of snow cover of mountain peaks of protected areas KBR - Marmarohs, Chornohirsky, Svydovetsky, Kuziysky and Uholsko-Shirokoluzhansky and identify possible sources of pollution. Research methods. The study of the macrocomponent chemical composition and pH in the water waist is carried out in the laboratories of ecological monitoring of KBR, microelement composition ‒ using the method of mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP‒MS) M.P at the Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Results. The coefficients of concentration (Kc) of chemical elements (Be, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Cd, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi) relative to the background content were used for evaluation. The level of snow cover pollution was classified into categories – scattered (Kc<1), close to average concentrations (Kc 1–3.9), accumulating (Kc> 4–10) and strongly accumulating (Kc>10). As a result of the conducted researches the association of elements-pollutants of a snow cover (melting waters) is received: Pb, V, Ni, Co (mountain Vezha); Ni, Ba, Co (mountain Stig); V, Co, Ni, Ba, Cu (mountain Dragobrat); Zn, Cr (mountain Mali Menchul); Sr (mountain Gropa). In the snow cover of the mountain peaks Tempa, Menchul, Petros Chornohirsky, Petros Marmarosky – no pollution was detected (relative to the background content). As a result of the analysis of emissions (microelement composition) of statio
{"title":"Assessment of microcomponent pollution of snow coverage of mountain tops of the Ukrainian Carpathians","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Today, the territory of Ukraine can be divided into urban areas and relatively clean, remote from major sources of industrial pollution, such as the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (KBR). It should be emphasized that in this case, the analysis is conducted only on the basis of a background approach. Given that there are no ongoing observations on the microcomponent composition of snow pollution, the aim of the work is to assess and analyze the level of snow pollution in 2019 and identify possible sources of pollution. The snow covers of the mountain tops of the KBR protected massifs ‒ Vezha mountain (Uholsko-Shirokoluzhansky), Stig, Dragobrat, Maly Menchul (Svydovetsky) mountains, Petros Chornohirsky mountains, Gropa, Hoverla (Chornohirsky) mountains, Menchul Rakhivsky mountains (Kuziysky), Petros Marmarosky mountain (Marmarosky). Review of previous publications. Since 2010, we have been conducting research on the microcomponent composition of snowfall on the territory of KBR, the results of which are reflected in scientific articles and monographs. Over the past ten years, the results of determining the microcomponent composition of the snow cover KBR presented in articles and monographs by us ‒ \"Geochemistry of environmental objects of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve\" and \"Ore and man-made geochemical anomalies of protected areas of the Ukrainian Carpathians (for example reserve)h\". Purpose. The aim of the study is to assess and analyze the level of pollution (microelement composition) of snow cover of mountain peaks of protected areas KBR - Marmarohs, Chornohirsky, Svydovetsky, Kuziysky and Uholsko-Shirokoluzhansky and identify possible sources of pollution. Research methods. The study of the macrocomponent chemical composition and pH in the water waist is carried out in the laboratories of ecological monitoring of KBR, microelement composition ‒ using the method of mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP‒MS) M.P at the Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Results. The coefficients of concentration (Kc) of chemical elements (Be, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Cd, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi) relative to the background content were used for evaluation. The level of snow cover pollution was classified into categories – scattered (Kc<1), close to average concentrations (Kc 1–3.9), accumulating (Kc> 4–10) and strongly accumulating (Kc>10). As a result of the conducted researches the association of elements-pollutants of a snow cover (melting waters) is received: Pb, V, Ni, Co (mountain Vezha); Ni, Ba, Co (mountain Stig); V, Co, Ni, Ba, Cu (mountain Dragobrat); Zn, Cr (mountain Mali Menchul); Sr (mountain Gropa). In the snow cover of the mountain peaks Tempa, Menchul, Petros Chornohirsky, Petros Marmarosky – no pollution was detected (relative to the background content). As a result of the analysis of emissions (microelement composition) of statio","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"267 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74361966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-03
Formulation of the problem. Currently, interest in the foundation as a gas and oil field facility has increased significantly. The low efficiency of oil and gas exploration in the basement rocks is usually explained by the absence of a generally accepted hypothesis about the genesis of oil and gas and as a result of migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons. One of the main factors of accumulation is the presence of decompression zones of the foundation, as potential hydrocarbon traps. The article is devoted to the problem of identifying oil and gas bearing zones of foundation decompression. Analysis of recent research and publications. A number of scientific articles on the composition, age, structure and oil and gas potential of the foundation are analyzed. The first step in identifying decompression zones is to conduct gravimetric and magnetic surveys and apply various techniques to interpret the resulting mathematical model of the wave field pattern in order to localize the sources of its anomalies. Identification of previously unresolved parts of a common problem. In order to save money when conducting prospecting and exploration for oil and gas, the foundation proposes an improvement in the methodology for separating gas-bearing “vaulted” parts of decompression zones. Formation of the purpose of the article. The aim of the work is to establish a seismic pattern of anomalies in the geophysical fields of the base decompression zones. The object of research is the zone of decompression of the foundation on the northern side of the Dnieper-Donets depression. The subject of the study is a seismic drawing of the anomaly of the geophysical field of the gas-bearing zone of decompression of the foundation of the Rozsoshinsk structure. Report of the main material. The article analyzes a few materials to identify areas of base decompaction in various oil and gas regions. It was found that for localization of decompression zones, the Berezkin “singular points” method and the correlation method of separation of geophysical anomalies are most effective. The essence of these methods is a kind of filtering of field anomalies, where against the background of the "structural" factor, one can distinguish the "non-structural factor", i.e. decompression zone. This zone in wave fields (∆g and ∆Т) is fixed by a seismic pattern, where minima are usually fixed over hydrocarbon accumulations in relation to contouring maxima. Based on the results of the application of these methods, the structure-testing ground of the gas-bearing decompression zone is established. As an illustrative example of the successful localization of ∆g and ∆Т, data are presented on modeling the foundation softening zone in one of the oil and gas regions of the northern side of the Dnieper-Donets depression.
{"title":"To the issue of oil and gas potential in the decompression zones of the Dnieper-Donets depression","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-03","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. Currently, interest in the foundation as a gas and oil field facility has increased significantly. The low efficiency of oil and gas exploration in the basement rocks is usually explained by the absence of a generally accepted hypothesis about the genesis of oil and gas and as a result of migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons. One of the main factors of accumulation is the presence of decompression zones of the foundation, as potential hydrocarbon traps. The article is devoted to the problem of identifying oil and gas bearing zones of foundation decompression. Analysis of recent research and publications. A number of scientific articles on the composition, age, structure and oil and gas potential of the foundation are analyzed. The first step in identifying decompression zones is to conduct gravimetric and magnetic surveys and apply various techniques to interpret the resulting mathematical model of the wave field pattern in order to localize the sources of its anomalies. Identification of previously unresolved parts of a common problem. In order to save money when conducting prospecting and exploration for oil and gas, the foundation proposes an improvement in the methodology for separating gas-bearing “vaulted” parts of decompression zones. Formation of the purpose of the article. The aim of the work is to establish a seismic pattern of anomalies in the geophysical fields of the base decompression zones. The object of research is the zone of decompression of the foundation on the northern side of the Dnieper-Donets depression. The subject of the study is a seismic drawing of the anomaly of the geophysical field of the gas-bearing zone of decompression of the foundation of the Rozsoshinsk structure. Report of the main material. The article analyzes a few materials to identify areas of base decompaction in various oil and gas regions. It was found that for localization of decompression zones, the Berezkin “singular points” method and the correlation method of separation of geophysical anomalies are most effective. The essence of these methods is a kind of filtering of field anomalies, where against the background of the \"structural\" factor, one can distinguish the \"non-structural factor\", i.e. decompression zone. This zone in wave fields (∆g and ∆Т) is fixed by a seismic pattern, where minima are usually fixed over hydrocarbon accumulations in relation to contouring maxima. Based on the results of the application of these methods, the structure-testing ground of the gas-bearing decompression zone is established. As an illustrative example of the successful localization of ∆g and ∆Т, data are presented on modeling the foundation softening zone in one of the oil and gas regions of the northern side of the Dnieper-Donets depression.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80370744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-01
Formulation of the problem. The problem of developing and implementing exploration technology that will ensure the protection of mine workings and prevent catastrophes in the development of coal deposits is especially relevant now, when the issue of environmental protection and safety at coal mines is very acute. Analysis of recent research and publications. The idea of degassing of the Earth as a global process of its self-organization was developed by V.I. Vernadsky in a number of works published in 1911, 1912, 1924. This concept has had and continues to have a powerful growing influence on modern Earth sciences. The idea of the key role of hydrogen in degassing of the Earth is developed in the works of V.M. Larin, F.A. Letnykov, А.А. Marakushev, V.V. Khmelyovska, A.V. Shcherbakov, N.D. Kozlova, Yu.A. Kolyasnikov, V.M. Shestopalov, V.I. Starostenko, A.N. Ponomarenko. The purpose of the article is: analysis of the current state of coal mining in Ukraine and in the world as a whole; substantiation of the possibility of using the technology of safe search for hydrogen in minefield development zones. Presentation of the main research material. The new development of safe exploration technology for coal deposits, proposed by the authors, will allow to track in advance, to identify places of possible manifestations of gas-dynamic phenomena and to make operational decisions to eliminate them. The technology is based on the use of exploratory gas-geochemical methods for mapping the places of gas-hydrogen accumulations and together with a set of geological and geophysical methods allows to allocate areas of possible emergency processes in the development zones of mine fields. On a large massif of field work of areal and profile surveys, the feasibility of using search technology has been proven to justify the use of advance degassing wells to prevent uncontrolled explosive processes and technical disasters. The proposed technology has been tested at numerous mining sites in the process of exploration and environmental research in areas of operating and developed mine fields. Conclusions. For the first time in the world practice, new approaches were proposed and substantiated to change the safety paradigm of coal mining, which will prevent the manifestations of unpredictable GDP and the associated material and human losses. Analysis of the results of a complex of fundamental and applied research at coal mining facilities allows, according to the proposed technology, to identify and map the studied areas of abnormal hydrogen concentrations, their characteristics and use it as reliable markers for operational decisions for safe mining by laying advance degassing wells, which will ultimately make emergency GDP impossible. The expediency of application of the proposed technology for substantiation and allocation of geodynamic active and stable zones and blocks promising for industrial exploration of hydrocarbons, determining the locations of possible m
{"title":"Hydrogen as an indicator of geodynamic processes in coal-bearing strata","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-01","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. The problem of developing and implementing exploration technology that will ensure the protection of mine workings and prevent catastrophes in the development of coal deposits is especially relevant now, when the issue of environmental protection and safety at coal mines is very acute. Analysis of recent research and publications. The idea of degassing of the Earth as a global process of its self-organization was developed by V.I. Vernadsky in a number of works published in 1911, 1912, 1924. This concept has had and continues to have a powerful growing influence on modern Earth sciences. The idea of the key role of hydrogen in degassing of the Earth is developed in the works of V.M. Larin, F.A. Letnykov, А.А. Marakushev, V.V. Khmelyovska, A.V. Shcherbakov, N.D. Kozlova, Yu.A. Kolyasnikov, V.M. Shestopalov, V.I. Starostenko, A.N. Ponomarenko. The purpose of the article is: analysis of the current state of coal mining in Ukraine and in the world as a whole; substantiation of the possibility of using the technology of safe search for hydrogen in minefield development zones. Presentation of the main research material. The new development of safe exploration technology for coal deposits, proposed by the authors, will allow to track in advance, to identify places of possible manifestations of gas-dynamic phenomena and to make operational decisions to eliminate them. The technology is based on the use of exploratory gas-geochemical methods for mapping the places of gas-hydrogen accumulations and together with a set of geological and geophysical methods allows to allocate areas of possible emergency processes in the development zones of mine fields. On a large massif of field work of areal and profile surveys, the feasibility of using search technology has been proven to justify the use of advance degassing wells to prevent uncontrolled explosive processes and technical disasters. The proposed technology has been tested at numerous mining sites in the process of exploration and environmental research in areas of operating and developed mine fields. Conclusions. For the first time in the world practice, new approaches were proposed and substantiated to change the safety paradigm of coal mining, which will prevent the manifestations of unpredictable GDP and the associated material and human losses. Analysis of the results of a complex of fundamental and applied research at coal mining facilities allows, according to the proposed technology, to identify and map the studied areas of abnormal hydrogen concentrations, their characteristics and use it as reliable markers for operational decisions for safe mining by laying advance degassing wells, which will ultimately make emergency GDP impossible. The expediency of application of the proposed technology for substantiation and allocation of geodynamic active and stable zones and blocks promising for industrial exploration of hydrocarbons, determining the locations of possible m","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75809904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-09
Formulation of the problem. Ukraine is one of the oldest oil and gas producing countries in the world. Maximum volumes of gas (68 billion m3 per year) were extracted in 1975-1978. After this period, production began to decline. About 18 billion m3 of gas was extracted in 2019 in Ukraine. The question arose of studying ways to increase the annual production of gas and condensate from old fields. The total residual reserves of deposits in late operation are estimated at more than 200 billion m3 and are classified as difficult to extract. Review of previous publications and studies. Scientific publications consider technologies and ways to increase hydrocarbon extraction. Bikman E. S showed the dynamics of the specific condensate content in gas formation depending on the formation pressure at the fields of Ukraine. Reducing pressure during the development of gas condensate deposits with a high initial content of condensate in the formation gas to the condensation start pressure leads to "avalanche" condensation of liquid hydrocarbons.This causes the loss of heavy hydrocarbons in the depletion process of this type of field. There are two ways to increase hydrocarbon recovery of gas condensate fields:to use methods to maintain reservoir pressure in the initial stages of their development, and to use secondary methods of condensate extraction that fell in the reservoir at the later stages. Object of research: gas-condensate fields with significant volumes of condensate that have fallen into them, and the possibility of its extraction at a later stage of development. Results. In this study, the authors identified systems of gas-condensate fields development to ensure the extraction of condensate in the formation. The article considers five theoretically possible options to improve the energy efficiency of gas condensate fields. For practical use, two methods are recommended: gas bypass from deposits with high pressure and low condensate content in deposits with lower formation pressure and high condensate content; continued depletion of deposits at low formation pressures less than the maximum condensation pressure. The organization of gas bypass in order to increase the extraction of condensate from depleted formations is possible under the condition of low condensate content and higher formation pressure in the deposit from which it is planned to carry out gas bypass. The transfer of gas from a deposit with higher values of the average condensation factor to a deposit with lower values is inefficient. The authors apply a mathematical device which can be used to forecast development of two deposits in the mode of gas bypass with definition of alignment time of formation pressures in their depletion. It is established that the use of the cycling process at the late stage of gas-condensate fields operation at formation pressures less than the maximum condensation pressure (P reservoir
问题的表述。乌克兰是世界上最古老的石油和天然气生产国之一。1975-1978年开采了最大的天然气量(每年680亿立方米)。在此之后，产量开始下降。2019年，乌克兰开采了约180亿立方米的天然气。研究如何增加老油田的天然气和凝析油年产量的问题出现了。后期开采总剩余储量估计在2000亿立方米以上，属于难开采。回顾以前的出版物和研究。科学出版物考虑了增加碳氢化合物提取的技术和方法。Bikman E. S展示了天然气地层中特定凝析物含量的动态变化，这取决于乌克兰油田的地层压力。在地层气中初始凝析物含量高的凝析气藏开发过程中，将压力降低到凝析开始压力，导致液态烃“雪崩”凝析。这导致了这类油田在枯竭过程中重碳氢化合物的损失。提高凝析气田油气采收率的方法有两种:一种是在开发初期采用保持储层压力的方法，另一种是在开发后期采用降低储层的二次凝析开采方法。研究对象:具有大量凝析油的凝析气田，以及在开发后期提取凝析油的可能性。在本研究中，作者确定了凝析气田开发系统，以确保地层中凝析油的开采。本文从理论上考虑了提高凝析气田能源效率的五种可能方案。在实际应用中，推荐两种方法:在地层压力低、凝析油含量高的地层中，从高压、低凝析油含量的地层进行气体旁通;在地层压力低于最大冷凝压力的情况下，沉积物持续衰竭。在计划进行天然气旁通的矿床中，在低凝析油含量和较高地层压力的条件下，组织天然气旁通以增加枯竭层的凝析油采出是可能的。气体从平均冷凝系数较高的矿床向平均冷凝系数较低的矿床的转移是低效的。本文采用了一种数学装置，通过定义气藏衰竭时地层压力的走向时间，对两种气藏的气旁模式发育进行了预测。建立了在地层压力小于油藏最大冷凝压力(P)的情况下，采用循环工艺进行凝析气田后期作业的可行性
{"title":"Geological criteria and methods to increase condensate extraction at the late stage of gas condensate deposits' development","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-09","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. Ukraine is one of the oldest oil and gas producing countries in the world. Maximum volumes of gas (68 billion m3 per year) were extracted in 1975-1978. After this period, production began to decline. About 18 billion m3 of gas was extracted in 2019 in Ukraine. The question arose of studying ways to increase the annual production of gas and condensate from old fields. The total residual reserves of deposits in late operation are estimated at more than 200 billion m3 and are classified as difficult to extract. Review of previous publications and studies. Scientific publications consider technologies and ways to increase hydrocarbon extraction. Bikman E. S showed the dynamics of the specific condensate content in gas formation depending on the formation pressure at the fields of Ukraine. Reducing pressure during the development of gas condensate deposits with a high initial content of condensate in the formation gas to the condensation start pressure leads to \"avalanche\" condensation of liquid hydrocarbons.This causes the loss of heavy hydrocarbons in the depletion process of this type of field. There are two ways to increase hydrocarbon recovery of gas condensate fields:to use methods to maintain reservoir pressure in the initial stages of their development, and to use secondary methods of condensate extraction that fell in the reservoir at the later stages. Object of research: gas-condensate fields with significant volumes of condensate that have fallen into them, and the possibility of its extraction at a later stage of development. Results. In this study, the authors identified systems of gas-condensate fields development to ensure the extraction of condensate in the formation. The article considers five theoretically possible options to improve the energy efficiency of gas condensate fields. For practical use, two methods are recommended: gas bypass from deposits with high pressure and low condensate content in deposits with lower formation pressure and high condensate content; continued depletion of deposits at low formation pressures less than the maximum condensation pressure. The organization of gas bypass in order to increase the extraction of condensate from depleted formations is possible under the condition of low condensate content and higher formation pressure in the deposit from which it is planned to carry out gas bypass. The transfer of gas from a deposit with higher values of the average condensation factor to a deposit with lower values is inefficient. The authors apply a mathematical device which can be used to forecast development of two deposits in the mode of gas bypass with definition of alignment time of formation pressures in their depletion. It is established that the use of the cycling process at the late stage of gas-condensate fields operation at formation pressures less than the maximum condensation pressure (P reservoir","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85350131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-25
Problem formulation. One of the main factors affecting climate change is the greenhouse effect conditioned by adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, among which CO2, CH4 and N2O are the most dangerous heat-trapping gases. In addition to anthropogenic activities, the source of greenhouse gases is emissions from natural ecosystems and agroecosystems. Carbon dioxide (CO2) accounts for the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions, nitrous oxide (N2O) also has large global warming potential, being nearly 300 times higher than CO2 on a weight basis. The purpose of the study is to create the integrated model of greenhouse gas emissions from soils in the agroecosystems on the basis of studies concerning modelling carbon dioxide emissions from mineral soils, quantitatively describing nitrous oxide emissions and modelling agroecosystem productivity. Methods. Mathematical modelling of environmental processes, the synthesis of quantitative approaches to their description. Results. The results of modelling greenhouse gas emissions from soils in agro-ecosystems during 2017-2019 obtained by means of the integrated model developed showed that there is an interseasonal and interannual variability of CO2 and N2O fluxes. The higher CO2 flow rate was observed in 2017, in 2018 the lower CO2 emission intensity was discovered and in 2019 the CO2 flow rate was even lower. The emission of greenhouse gases varies depending on soil temperature, moisture and humus level of the soil. The equally low level of CO2 fluxes was observed at sufficiently low (from 1 to 6°C) soil temperatures. It was 0.072 – 0.401 g C-CO2/m2/day. The highest level of CO2 emission was observed in 2017 with a combination of high soil temperature (24-27°C) and sufficient soil moisture, and varies between 1,058 to 1,307 g С- CO2/m2/day. It was revealed that the most intense emission of N2O was observed during periods of high soil moisture when anaerobic conditions were established in the soil. The denitrification process was particularly intense in the spring of 2019, when the seasonal precipitation sum was 226 mm, and water-filled pore space (WFPS) reached more than 0.8 relative units. The average emission level of N2O was 15.592 g N-N2O/m2/day over this period, and the total N2O emission was the highest (1.134 kg of N-N2O/ha). The N2O emission intensity varied depending on the meteorological seasons. In the spring of 2017 and spring of 2018, the total N2O emission was 0.153–0.173 kg N-N2O/ha. The N2O emissions reached to 0.202-0.503 kg N-N2O/ha in the summer season and 0.192-0.660 kg N-N2O/ha in the autumn. The highest emission levels were observed in the spring seasons (2018 and 2019) and in the autumn months (2017 and 2018), an increase in soil moisture worsened soil aeration, which led to an intensive denitrification process. In total, for the three meteorological seasons the highest emission was in 2019 (1.567 kg N- N2O/ha). The emission level was lower in 2018 (1.323 kg N-N2O/ha) and ev
问题公式化。影响气候变化的主要因素之一是由向大气中添加温室气体而引起的温室效应，其中CO2、CH4和N2O是最危险的吸热气体。除人为活动外，温室气体的来源是自然生态系统和农业生态系统的排放。二氧化碳(CO2)占温室气体排放的最大份额，一氧化二氮(N2O)也具有很大的全球变暖潜力，按重量计算比二氧化碳高出近300倍。本研究旨在建立农业生态系统中土壤温室气体排放的综合模型，其基础是对矿质土壤二氧化碳排放的模拟、对氧化亚氮排放的定量描述和对农业生态系统生产力的模拟。环境过程的数学建模，对其描述的综合定量方法。结果。利用构建的综合模型对2017-2019年农业生态系统土壤温室气体排放进行模拟，结果表明CO2和N2O通量存在季节和年际变化。2017年CO2流量较高，2018年CO2排放强度较低，2019年CO2流量更低。温室气体的排放取决于土壤的温度、湿度和腐殖质水平。在足够低的土壤温度(从1°C到6°C)下观察到同样低的二氧化碳通量。0.072 ~ 0.401 g C-CO2/m2/d。2017年，土壤温度高(24-27°C)且土壤湿度充足时，CO2排放水平最高，在1,058至1,307 g С- CO2/m2/day之间变化。结果表明，在土壤中建立厌氧条件时，N2O排放最强烈。2019年春季反硝化过程尤为强烈，季节降水总和为226 mm，充水孔空间(WFPS)达到0.8个相对单位以上。N2O的平均排放量为15.592 g N-N2O/m2/d，总排放量最高(1.134 kg N-N2O/ha)。N2O排放强度随气象季节而变化。2017年春季和2018年春季N2O总排放量为0.153 ~ 0.173 kg N-N2O/ha。夏季N2O排放量为0.202 ~ 0.503 kg N-N2O/ha，秋季N2O排放量为0.192 ~ 0.660 kg N-N2O/ha。在春季(2018年和2019年)和秋季(2017年和2018年)观测到的排放水平最高，土壤水分的增加使土壤通气性恶化，从而导致强烈的反硝化过程。在三个气象季节中，总排放量最高的是2019年(1.567 kg N- N2O/ha)。2018年排放水平较低(1.323 kg N-N2O/ha)， 2017年更低(0.569 kg N-N2O/ha)。在综合CO2、N2O排放和农业生态系统生产力模拟方法的基础上，建立了农业生态系统土壤温室气体排放综合模型(植物-农业土壤-温室气体模型)。得到了CO2和N2O通量的季节和年际变化及其对气候条件和土壤腐殖质水平的依赖。
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Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2021-54-10
Introduction. In the modern period, the increase in the resource base is largely associated with the exploration of deposits that are under development. The latter process includes the study of non-traditional reservoirs, among which of considerable interest are compacted sand-silt rocks. Steady growth in raw material consumption has led to the search for alternative sources of hydrocarbons. The development of the industry is aimed at studying existing deposits with the introduction and involvement of the latest, advanced technologies. In this regard, the development of this area is relevant. Undoubtedly, the search for hydrocarbons in compacted sand-silt rocks within the Dnieper-Donetsk basin will develop. Purpose. To propose the main geological criteria for detecting hydrocarbon saturation of compacted rocks, which are accompanied by certain indicators. Analysis of previous works. Until recently, information on compacted hydrocarbon-unsaturated sand-silt rocks was most often found only in foreign publications. In the 60's of the XX century, employees of UkrNDIgaz tried to study in detail the compacted hydrocarbon-saturated rocks, but at that time this area was not developed. These studies are associated with the names of Mukharinskaya I, Kharchenko S, Lagutina A. In recent decades, issues regarding compacted sand-siltstone rocks in Dnieper-Donetsk basin have been considered during gas-type gas research. Until recently, the detection of gas in compacted rocks was of a general nature and was not substantiated by actual material. Presenting main material. The nature of the compacted sand-silt varieties is very diverse. Due to the peculiarities of lithological packs, compacted rocks should be considered both separately and in combination with direct contact with traditional reservoir rocks. Scientific and theoretical research and factual material allow us to identify promising stratigraphic complexes in terms of hydrocarbon saturation in compacted sand-silt rocks. Compacted sand-siltstone rocks acquire the greatest development within the Lower Permian-Upper Coal and Middle-Lower Coal complexes. The main criteria for detecting compacted rocks should be considered the degree of saturation of rocks and the nature of hydrocarbons. Consider the indicators that characterize these two processes. Due to the fact that geological criteria and their indicators (a kind of indicator) often interact, complement each other and are "hostages" of causal processes. Conclusions. The proposed criteria are based on a number of geological indicators, such as ascending migration of hydrocarbons, features of lithological composition, conditions of conversion of imported and own organic matter, low water content of the stratum. The activity of most processes, which are indicators of the proposed basic criteria of oil and gas, are accompanied by an increase in the temperature of the local zone of development of compacted sand-silt rocks. In one of these zones the c
介绍。在现代，资源基础的增加主要与正在开发的矿藏的勘探有关。后一个过程包括非传统储层的研究，其中相当感兴趣的是压实砂粉岩。原材料消费的稳定增长促使人们寻找碳氢化合物的替代来源。该行业的发展旨在通过引进和参与最新的先进技术来研究现有的矿床。在这方面，这一领域的发展是相关的。毫无疑问，在第聂伯-顿涅茨克盆地内的压实砂粉岩中寻找碳氢化合物的工作将得到发展。提出了探测压实岩石含烃饱和度的主要地质判据，并附有一定的指示指标。前人作品分析。直到最近，关于压实烃-不饱和砂-粉岩的信息通常只在国外出版物中找到。在20世纪60年代，UkrNDIgaz的员工试图详细研究压实的含烃饱和岩石，但当时该领域尚未开发。这些研究与Mukharinskaya I, Kharchenko S, Lagutina a的名字有关。近几十年来，关于第聂伯-顿涅茨克盆地致密砂岩的问题在气型天然气研究中得到了考虑。直到最近，在压实的岩石中探测到气体还是一种普遍现象，并没有实际材料的证实。呈现主要材料。压实砂粉砂品种的性质十分多样。由于岩性包体的特殊性，压实岩既应单独考虑，也应与传统储层直接接触结合考虑。科学和理论研究以及实际材料使我们能够根据压实砂粉岩中的烃饱和度确定有前途的地层复合体。压实砂粉砂岩在下二叠统—上煤和中—下煤杂岩中发育最为发育。探测压实岩石的主要标准应考虑岩石的饱和度和碳氢化合物的性质。考虑表征这两个进程的指标。由于地质标准及其指标(一种指标)往往相互作用、互为补充，是因果过程的“人质”。所建议的标准是基于若干地质指标，如碳氢化合物的上升迁移、岩性组成特征、进口和自身有机质转化的条件、地层的低含水量。作为提出的油气基本标准的指标，大多数过程的活动都伴随着当地致密砂粉岩发育区域温度的升高。在其中一个带中，考虑了温度异常与压实砂粉岩含油气前景主要指标的联系。在地质性质与气体地球化学特征同步研究的基础上，对压实砂粉岩，特别是高温带烃饱和度的实际检测方法之一，可以直接用于地质-气体地球化学研究。
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