Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-10
Formulation of the problem. Development of new geographical research direction in post-Soviet space is caused by the necessity to understand spatial diversity of everyday life and to solve related issues at the local level. In many cases the diversity of everyday life affects not only the living conditions, but also shapes behavior, practices and habits of the local population. If in humanitarian sciences everyday life is actively studied, in geography this topic is still overlooked. Previous spatial studies of everyday life show that research results are actually relevant and lead to the emergence of a new research direction – an everyday geography. The purpose of the article: based on the analysis of the world discourse and the results of own studies of the spatial diversity of everyday life, to reveal possible ways of formation and development of a new geographical research direction in post-Soviet space – everyday geography. There is no universally accepted methodology for the study of geography of everyday life, but experience shows that both traditional geographical and specific methods from social sciences, representational and non-representational methods can be successfully applied. Results. The world geography gives much more attention to the studies of the spatial diversity of everyday life in comparison with post-Soviet countries, and as a result emotional, affective, animated geographies are developed, as well as geography of fear, geography of trauma, etc. Everyday life refers to ordinary, mundane activities, experiences, behavior, and interaction with the environment. Everydayness is considered as a temporal (daily, monthly, annual) cross-section of living (personal, communal, societal) environment within a particular territory. Everyday life is practiced as a socio-cultural world, where particular person exists just like other people, interacting with them and non-human objects, influencing them, changing them, and simultaneously is affected and changed by them. Everydayness shapes daily life – the constant processes of ‘everydaying’ human activities in the form of communication with the environment, learning the traditions and consolidation of behavior rules, ‘mastering’ a lifestyle, tools to achieve goals, etc. However, everyday life is constantly disturbed by innovations, appearance of the unusual, deviation from stereotypes, traditions and the formation of new rules. Unusual for a certain period participates in the process of ‘everydaying’ and then becoming everyday, mundane, taken-for-granted, extends the scope of everyday life. The everyday geography explores particular reactions of people in particular spatial conditions. Everydayness is everywhere, and researchers study everyday spaces, everyday practices, everyday mobilities, everyday conflicts and resistance, even everyday geopolitics and, more broadly, everyday life and everyday geographies. However, everyday life is not perceived as a unity. It consists of many typi
{"title":"An everyday geography: spatial diversity of the everyday life","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-10","url":null,"abstract":"Formulation of the problem. Development of new geographical research direction in post-Soviet space is caused by the necessity to understand spatial diversity of everyday life and to solve related issues at the local level. In many cases the diversity of everyday life affects not only the living conditions, but also shapes behavior, practices and habits of the local population. If in humanitarian sciences everyday life is actively studied, in geography this topic is still overlooked. Previous spatial studies of everyday life show that research results are actually relevant and lead to the emergence of a new research direction – an everyday geography. The purpose of the article: based on the analysis of the world discourse and the results of own studies of the spatial diversity of everyday life, to reveal possible ways of formation and development of a new geographical research direction in post-Soviet space – everyday geography. There is no universally accepted methodology for the study of geography of everyday life, but experience shows that both traditional geographical and specific methods from social sciences, representational and non-representational methods can be successfully applied. Results. The world geography gives much more attention to the studies of the spatial diversity of everyday life in comparison with post-Soviet countries, and as a result emotional, affective, animated geographies are developed, as well as geography of fear, geography of trauma, etc. Everyday life refers to ordinary, mundane activities, experiences, behavior, and interaction with the environment. Everydayness is considered as a temporal (daily, monthly, annual) cross-section of living (personal, communal, societal) environment within a particular territory. Everyday life is practiced as a socio-cultural world, where particular person exists just like other people, interacting with them and non-human objects, influencing them, changing them, and simultaneously is affected and changed by them. Everydayness shapes daily life – the constant processes of ‘everydaying’ human activities in the form of communication with the environment, learning the traditions and consolidation of behavior rules, ‘mastering’ a lifestyle, tools to achieve goals, etc. However, everyday life is constantly disturbed by innovations, appearance of the unusual, deviation from stereotypes, traditions and the formation of new rules. Unusual for a certain period participates in the process of ‘everydaying’ and then becoming everyday, mundane, taken-for-granted, extends the scope of everyday life. The everyday geography explores particular reactions of people in particular spatial conditions. Everydayness is everywhere, and researchers study everyday spaces, everyday practices, everyday mobilities, everyday conflicts and resistance, even everyday geopolitics and, more broadly, everyday life and everyday geographies. However, everyday life is not perceived as a unity. It consists of many typi","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81667066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-11
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the causes, current realities and consequences of forced migrations of Georgia and Ukraine in order to identify key strategies for resolving the socio-economic problems of internally displaced persons and transforming them from a “problem vulnerable group” into an indicator of socio-economic development of the countries. Methodology. The study was conducted using a set of multidisciplinary approaches and methods. The paper was used philosophical, general scientific and concrete scientific research methods. Among them: methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative geographical method, mathematical and statistical, graphical method, problem method and some others. Results. Forced migration in Georgia and Ukraine is associated with armed conflicts, which were supported by the separatist sentiments of the part of the population. The center of the military confrontation in Georgia in 1989-1992 was the Tskhinvali region (South Ossetia), and in 1992-1993 – Abkhazia. In 2008, an armed conflict arose between Georgia, Russia and the separatist groups of South Ossetia, referred to as the Russian-Georgian war. In 2014, the Donbass (Donetsk and Luhansk regions) became a center of hostilities in Ukraine. Because of such military conflicts, millions of people have become internally displaced persons – a socially vulnerable category of the population. Analysis of the structural features of the IDPs of Georgia and Ukraine shows the unevenness of their territorial distribution: IDPs are settled in large cities close to their previous homes and almost completely ignore the countryside. Such resettlement speaks about possible intentions to return to their previous places of residence. As a result of the displacement of IDPs, a large burden on the social and economic spheres is observed in parts of Donetsk and Luhansk, as well as Kharkiv regions, the city of Kiev. A similar picture is observed in Georgia: IDPs are settled closer to the occupied regions of Abkhazia and the Tskhinvali region, in large cities and districts of Tbilisi, Samegrelo-Zemo, Svaneti and Imereti. IDPs have become a real challenge for both countries, with which the government could not finally cope. Unresolved in both countries are the housing problems of IDPs. In Ukraine, in addition to the housing problem, IDPs face acute problems with determining their status, social benefits, and employment. Ignoring the solution of these problems leads to increased tension in society, conflicts at the local level between the migrants and the local population, and, as a consequence, to repeated internal displacement. Resolving the problems of forced migrants should be the first line of policy with IDPs. Scientific novelty. a comprehensive comparative analysis of forced migration of Georgia and Ukraine related to military conflicts in the paper was carried out for the first time. The methodology of human-geographical research of migration processes, in particular f
{"title":"Forced migrations of Georgia and Ukraine: reasons for the emergence, process features, implications for countries","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-11","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to analyze the causes, current realities and consequences of forced migrations of Georgia and Ukraine in order to identify key strategies for resolving the socio-economic problems of internally displaced persons and transforming them from a “problem vulnerable group” into an indicator of socio-economic development of the countries. Methodology. The study was conducted using a set of multidisciplinary approaches and methods. The paper was used philosophical, general scientific and concrete scientific research methods. Among them: methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative geographical method, mathematical and statistical, graphical method, problem method and some others. Results. Forced migration in Georgia and Ukraine is associated with armed conflicts, which were supported by the separatist sentiments of the part of the population. The center of the military confrontation in Georgia in 1989-1992 was the Tskhinvali region (South Ossetia), and in 1992-1993 – Abkhazia. In 2008, an armed conflict arose between Georgia, Russia and the separatist groups of South Ossetia, referred to as the Russian-Georgian war. In 2014, the Donbass (Donetsk and Luhansk regions) became a center of hostilities in Ukraine. Because of such military conflicts, millions of people have become internally displaced persons – a socially vulnerable category of the population. Analysis of the structural features of the IDPs of Georgia and Ukraine shows the unevenness of their territorial distribution: IDPs are settled in large cities close to their previous homes and almost completely ignore the countryside. Such resettlement speaks about possible intentions to return to their previous places of residence. As a result of the displacement of IDPs, a large burden on the social and economic spheres is observed in parts of Donetsk and Luhansk, as well as Kharkiv regions, the city of Kiev. A similar picture is observed in Georgia: IDPs are settled closer to the occupied regions of Abkhazia and the Tskhinvali region, in large cities and districts of Tbilisi, Samegrelo-Zemo, Svaneti and Imereti. IDPs have become a real challenge for both countries, with which the government could not finally cope. Unresolved in both countries are the housing problems of IDPs. In Ukraine, in addition to the housing problem, IDPs face acute problems with determining their status, social benefits, and employment. Ignoring the solution of these problems leads to increased tension in society, conflicts at the local level between the migrants and the local population, and, as a consequence, to repeated internal displacement. Resolving the problems of forced migrants should be the first line of policy with IDPs. Scientific novelty. a comprehensive comparative analysis of forced migration of Georgia and Ukraine related to military conflicts in the paper was carried out for the first time. The methodology of human-geographical research of migration processes, in particular f","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76848547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-08
In this paper, we have worked out a method of geoinformation modeling of soil pollution by heavy metals in highway geosystems. Permanent process of contamination and redistribution of pollutants in highway geosystems causes difficulties in determining the degree of soil pollution and the speed of this process. This problem can be solved when using the method of geoinformation modeling of pollution by heavy metals compounds of soil. The method allows you to set the spatial parameters of the contamination field and the speed of the contamination process. The goal of the work is to test the method on the examples of lead compounds in the soils of the mixed forest zone. The methodology uses geoinformation and mathematical models. These models describe the behavior of lead compounds when forming the contamination field. These are models of spatial distribution of heavy metals in the atmospheric air, soil, «soil-plant system». Results: working out the provisions of the methodology took place at the test area. This area has plain fluvio-glacial and fluvial relief, close to the surface of the groundwater, the presence of wetlands, the soils are preferably of light mechanical composition with acid reaction and fulvatic type of humus, that are typical for the mixed forest zone. The modeling process is divided into two stages: 1. determining the amount of lead compounds brought in over a period of time and 2. determination of the number of lead compounds that have been removed from soil or removed from migration flows the same time period. At each stage, models and tools supported obtaining, storing data, analyzing and displaying results of modeling. During the modeling process, we determined the total number of lead compounds coming per unit of time into the geosystem. First of all, we have identified the number of lead compounds entering the atmospheric surface from vehicles as the main source of emissions. We used an atmospheric impurity scattering model and obtained a mapping of the distribution of lead compounds in the near-earth layers of atmospheric air at dangerous wind speeds. In the next step, we determined the amount of lead compounds that reach the soil surface. The constructed surface, reflecting the spatial characteristics and intensities of the primary contamination field, became the basis for modeling the “soil cleaning processes”, following the main migration scenarios: lateral, radial and biogenic migration processes. For next step of modeling, we used a method that calculates soil loss (and, accordingly, lead compounds) from the site due to erosion processes. The number of lead compounds recovered from soils during lateral migration was determined. The results showed that in the test site geosystems, natural factors create conditions for the slow lateral migration. Closed negative landforms were geosystems with the highest probability of accumulation. The next step was to determine the migration intensity of soluble forms of lead in so
{"title":"Geoinformation modeling of soil pollution processes by lead compounds in highway geosystems","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-08","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we have worked out a method of geoinformation modeling of soil pollution by heavy metals in highway geosystems. Permanent process of contamination and redistribution of pollutants in highway geosystems causes difficulties in determining the degree of soil pollution and the speed of this process. This problem can be solved when using the method of geoinformation modeling of pollution by heavy metals compounds of soil. The method allows you to set the spatial parameters of the contamination field and the speed of the contamination process. The goal of the work is to test the method on the examples of lead compounds in the soils of the mixed forest zone. The methodology uses geoinformation and mathematical models. These models describe the behavior of lead compounds when forming the contamination field. These are models of spatial distribution of heavy metals in the atmospheric air, soil, «soil-plant system». Results: working out the provisions of the methodology took place at the test area. This area has plain fluvio-glacial and fluvial relief, close to the surface of the groundwater, the presence of wetlands, the soils are preferably of light mechanical composition with acid reaction and fulvatic type of humus, that are typical for the mixed forest zone. The modeling process is divided into two stages: 1. determining the amount of lead compounds brought in over a period of time and 2. determination of the number of lead compounds that have been removed from soil or removed from migration flows the same time period. At each stage, models and tools supported obtaining, storing data, analyzing and displaying results of modeling. During the modeling process, we determined the total number of lead compounds coming per unit of time into the geosystem. First of all, we have identified the number of lead compounds entering the atmospheric surface from vehicles as the main source of emissions. We used an atmospheric impurity scattering model and obtained a mapping of the distribution of lead compounds in the near-earth layers of atmospheric air at dangerous wind speeds. In the next step, we determined the amount of lead compounds that reach the soil surface. The constructed surface, reflecting the spatial characteristics and intensities of the primary contamination field, became the basis for modeling the “soil cleaning processes”, following the main migration scenarios: lateral, radial and biogenic migration processes. For next step of modeling, we used a method that calculates soil loss (and, accordingly, lead compounds) from the site due to erosion processes. The number of lead compounds recovered from soils during lateral migration was determined. The results showed that in the test site geosystems, natural factors create conditions for the slow lateral migration. Closed negative landforms were geosystems with the highest probability of accumulation. The next step was to determine the migration intensity of soluble forms of lead in so","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74625925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2311-0872-2020-32-03
М. Думін, О. А. Прищенко, А. Плахтій, Д. В. Широкорад, Г. П. Почанін, O. Dumin, O. Pryshchenko, V. Plakhtii, D. Shyrokorad, G. Pochanin
Background: The problem of searching for subsurface objects has a particular interest for construction, archeology and humanitarian demining. Detection of underground mines with the help of remote sensing devices replaces the traditional procedure of finding explosive objects, as it excludes the presence of a human in the area of possible damage during a charge explosion. Objectives: The aim of the work is to improve the recognition of three-dimensional objects and demonstrate the benefits of using a more informative data set obtained by a special antenna system with four receiving antennas. In addition, it is necessary to compare the effectiveness of artificial intelligence and the method of cross-correlation for recognition by subsurface radar, taking into account the additive noise of different levels present in practice. Materials and methods: The electrodynamic problem was solved by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. An artificial neural network (ANN) is trained on ideal signals to detect the features of the field that will be found in noisy data to determine to the position of the object. Cross-correlation also involves the use of an array of ideal signals, which will be correlated with noisy real signals. Results: The optimal and effective ANN structure for work with the received signals is created. It was tested for noise immunity. The recognition problem was also solved by the classical method of cross-correlation, and the influence of noise of different levels on its responses was studied. In addition, a comparison of the efficiency of their recognition using 1 and 4 sensors was made. Conclusions: For subsurface survey problems, a deep neural networks with at least three hidden layers of neurons should be used. This is due to the complexity and multidimensionality of the processes taking place in the surveyed space. It has been shown that artificial intelligence and cross-correlation techniques perform the object recognition well, and it is difficult to identify the best among them. Both approaches showed good noise immunity. The use of a larger data set of four receivers has a positive effect on the recognition results.
{"title":"Comparison of subsurface object recognition by artificial neural networks and correlation method","authors":"М. Думін, О. А. Прищенко, А. Плахтій, Д. В. Широкорад, Г. П. Почанін, O. Dumin, O. Pryshchenko, V. Plakhtii, D. Shyrokorad, G. Pochanin","doi":"10.26565/2311-0872-2020-32-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-0872-2020-32-03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The problem of searching for subsurface objects has a particular interest for construction, archeology and humanitarian demining. Detection of underground mines with the help of remote sensing devices replaces the traditional procedure of finding explosive objects, as it excludes the presence of a human in the area of possible damage during a charge explosion. Objectives: The aim of the work is to improve the recognition of three-dimensional objects and demonstrate the benefits of using a more informative data set obtained by a special antenna system with four receiving antennas. In addition, it is necessary to compare the effectiveness of artificial intelligence and the method of cross-correlation for recognition by subsurface radar, taking into account the additive noise of different levels present in practice. Materials and methods: The electrodynamic problem was solved by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. An artificial neural network (ANN) is trained on ideal signals to detect the features of the field that will be found in noisy data to determine to the position of the object. Cross-correlation also involves the use of an array of ideal signals, which will be correlated with noisy real signals. Results: The optimal and effective ANN structure for work with the received signals is created. It was tested for noise immunity. The recognition problem was also solved by the classical method of cross-correlation, and the influence of noise of different levels on its responses was studied. In addition, a comparison of the efficiency of their recognition using 1 and 4 sensors was made. Conclusions: For subsurface survey problems, a deep neural networks with at least three hidden layers of neurons should be used. This is due to the complexity and multidimensionality of the processes taking place in the surveyed space. It has been shown that artificial intelligence and cross-correlation techniques perform the object recognition well, and it is difficult to identify the best among them. Both approaches showed good noise immunity. The use of a larger data set of four receivers has a positive effect on the recognition results.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87985296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2311-0872-2020-33-04
Background. The ionosphere was and will be the main channel for the propagation of radio waves of various bands (from extremely low to super-high frequencies). A feature of this channel is the dependence of its parameters on the state of space weather. Space weather is formed primarily by processes on the Sun and by processes on Earth (to a lesser extent). High-energy processes of man-made origin can also make a certain contribution to the state of space weather. Means of oblique sounding (OS) have significant opportunities for research in the field of geospace radiophysics, study of the channel of propagation of radio waves and dynamic processes in the geospace. In this case, both own radio transmitting devices and a network of broadcasting stations can be used. With the help of OS, it is possible to cover significant regions of the globe (up to global ones), and thereby study the dynamic processes in the geospace over these regions. The purpose of this work is to briefly describe the multi-frequency multiple-path radio system of the OS ionosphere and to illustrate its performance using the example of studying dynamic processes in the geospace. Techniques and Methodology. A coherent multi-frequency multiple-path oblique sounding radio system of the ionosphere is described. It is intended for radiophysical monitoring of dynamic processes in the geospace caused by variations in space weather, the impact on the ionosphere of high-energy sources of space and terrestrial origin. The complex is capable of receiving radio signals in the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) ranges. Original software has been developed, depending on the range of tasks to be solved. The number of radio paths and their orientation depend on the specifics of the tasks being solved. The operation of the complex is based on measurements of the Doppler shift of frequency and amplitude or phase and amplitude of the signal. The autoregressive algorithm provides a Doppler frequency resolution of up to 0.02 Hz and a time resolution of 1 min. After obtaining the time dependences of the Doppler spectra, phases and amplitudes for various radio propagation paths, further processing of the time series is performed. Results. At V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, a multi-frequency multi-path radio engineering complex for oblique sounding of the ionosphere has been developed and is operating, designed for radiophysical monitoring of dynamic processes in the geospace caused by variations in space weather, the impact on the ionosphere of high-energy sources of space and terrestrial origin. Conclusions. The successful functioning of the complex is demonstrated by the example of studying the dynamic processes in the geospace caused by the action of various sources of energy release.
{"title":"Software and hardware system of multi-frequency oblique sounding the ionosphere","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2311-0872-2020-33-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-0872-2020-33-04","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The ionosphere was and will be the main channel for the propagation of radio waves of various bands (from extremely low to super-high frequencies). A feature of this channel is the dependence of its parameters on the state of space weather. Space weather is formed primarily by processes on the Sun and by processes on Earth (to a lesser extent). High-energy processes of man-made origin can also make a certain contribution to the state of space weather. Means of oblique sounding (OS) have significant opportunities for research in the field of geospace radiophysics, study of the channel of propagation of radio waves and dynamic processes in the geospace. In this case, both own radio transmitting devices and a network of broadcasting stations can be used. With the help of OS, it is possible to cover significant regions of the globe (up to global ones), and thereby study the dynamic processes in the geospace over these regions. The purpose of this work is to briefly describe the multi-frequency multiple-path radio system of the OS ionosphere and to illustrate its performance using the example of studying dynamic processes in the geospace. Techniques and Methodology. A coherent multi-frequency multiple-path oblique sounding radio system of the ionosphere is described. It is intended for radiophysical monitoring of dynamic processes in the geospace caused by variations in space weather, the impact on the ionosphere of high-energy sources of space and terrestrial origin. The complex is capable of receiving radio signals in the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) ranges. Original software has been developed, depending on the range of tasks to be solved. The number of radio paths and their orientation depend on the specifics of the tasks being solved. The operation of the complex is based on measurements of the Doppler shift of frequency and amplitude or phase and amplitude of the signal. The autoregressive algorithm provides a Doppler frequency resolution of up to 0.02 Hz and a time resolution of 1 min. After obtaining the time dependences of the Doppler spectra, phases and amplitudes for various radio propagation paths, further processing of the time series is performed. Results. At V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, a multi-frequency multi-path radio engineering complex for oblique sounding of the ionosphere has been developed and is operating, designed for radiophysical monitoring of dynamic processes in the geospace caused by variations in space weather, the impact on the ionosphere of high-energy sources of space and terrestrial origin. Conclusions. The successful functioning of the complex is demonstrated by the example of studying the dynamic processes in the geospace caused by the action of various sources of energy release.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85889105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2311-0872-2020-32-06
Relevance: Problems of control and determination of electrophysical parameters of materials of different physical nature are relevant in terms of the development of express methods of analysis of substances in various fields of science and technology, in particular, in biotechnology and biomedicine. Also, the relevance of the work is grounded by the search and implementation of new non-invasive medical diagnostic methods. The purpose of the work is to experimentally test the method of calculating the dielectric constant of multilayer structures based on conformal transformation, to test the method of electromagnetic probing of objects with one-side access using a microstrip resonator. Materials and methods: The paper presents a method for calculating the effective dielectric constant of a three-layer structure using a microstrip resonator of a new shape. A number of solid and liquid materials were investigated experimentally. It is shown that the resonant frequency and quality factor of the resonator loaded with the investigated material allow to estimate the concentration of the components of binary solutions. The possibility of using a microstrip resonator as a plethysmographic sensor has been investigated. Results: An electromagnetic sensor for measuring the dielectric constant of objects with one-side access was developed. The description of the original design of the microstrip resonator is presented and its modeling and experimental research are carried out. The results of measurements of the dielectric constant of objects of different physical nature are obtained: solid dielectrics and biological liquids. The influence of relative glucose concentration on the resonant properties of the sensor was studied. The possibility of using the sensor as a plethysmographic sensor in biomedical systems is shown. Conclusion: Theoretical and experimental studies of a microstrip resonator of complex geometric shape, which are presented in the paper, confirmed the possibility of its use as a sensor of electrophysical parameters of materials with different dielectric constant and conductivity. A new method of blood flow registration is proposed, based on the fixation of changes in the effective dielectric constant of tissues containing blood vessels.
{"title":"Electromagnetic sensor for measuring the dielectric permeability of materials","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2311-0872-2020-32-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-0872-2020-32-06","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Problems of control and determination of electrophysical parameters of materials of different physical nature are relevant in terms of the development of express methods of analysis of substances in various fields of science and technology, in particular, in biotechnology and biomedicine. Also, the relevance of the work is grounded by the search and implementation of new non-invasive medical diagnostic methods. The purpose of the work is to experimentally test the method of calculating the dielectric constant of multilayer structures based on conformal transformation, to test the method of electromagnetic probing of objects with one-side access using a microstrip resonator. Materials and methods: The paper presents a method for calculating the effective dielectric constant of a three-layer structure using a microstrip resonator of a new shape. A number of solid and liquid materials were investigated experimentally. It is shown that the resonant frequency and quality factor of the resonator loaded with the investigated material allow to estimate the concentration of the components of binary solutions. The possibility of using a microstrip resonator as a plethysmographic sensor has been investigated. Results: An electromagnetic sensor for measuring the dielectric constant of objects with one-side access was developed. The description of the original design of the microstrip resonator is presented and its modeling and experimental research are carried out. The results of measurements of the dielectric constant of objects of different physical nature are obtained: solid dielectrics and biological liquids. The influence of relative glucose concentration on the resonant properties of the sensor was studied. The possibility of using the sensor as a plethysmographic sensor in biomedical systems is shown. Conclusion: Theoretical and experimental studies of a microstrip resonator of complex geometric shape, which are presented in the paper, confirmed the possibility of its use as a sensor of electrophysical parameters of materials with different dielectric constant and conductivity. A new method of blood flow registration is proposed, based on the fixation of changes in the effective dielectric constant of tissues containing blood vessels.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89106766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-20
Statement of the problem and paper objective. Current challenges address global and regional threats to biotic and landscape diversity and the urgent need for its conservation, restoration and reproduction. They make it necessary to improve the tools for conceptual, information and calculating assessment of human activities impact on the environment. That is why the study of the landscapes anthropization, i.e. the process of their transformation through human activity, and the identification of the effects of this anthropization on the environment remains the most pressing problem of geography and geoecology. Given this, the paper objective was to substantiate, develop and verify new and sufficiently informative analytical tools for modeling anthropogenic impact of the land use and/or land cover (LULC) system on landscapes and/or physic-geographic taxons. Methods and results. The experience shows that the resumptive graphic solutions for the analysis of anthropogenic impact on landscapes can be correctly represented in the form of certain modified graphs of statistics. So, the classified scheme of the LULC system areas' cumulative distribution in landscapes and/or physic-geographic taxons was substantiated and constructed as analytical tool for modeling anthropogenic impact on landscapes / taxons. The scheme is based on the concept that the types of the mentioned distribution in its shape are adequate a certain category and the intensity of anthropogenic impact on landscapes or taxons. Properly the distribution of LULC system areas was typified by the ranges for the parameter of polynomial trends in the cumulative graphs of these areas in landscapes or their aggregations. Under these conditions, the scheme of areas' cumulative distribution operates with ten types of distribution – from excessively convex to excessively concave. These types also reflect different anthropogenic impacts on taxons – from weak to excessively strong. Verification of the scheme calculating LULC system areas' cumulative distribution was realized for the test megaregion, including 30 physic-geographic areas and 130 physic-geographic districts of the five regions in the zones of mixed (coniferous / broad-leaved) and broad-leaved forests and forest-steppe of Ukraine. Relevant digital choropleths concerning anthropogenic impact on these taxons were simulated and analyzed. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Scientific novelty is determined by the reason that the developed scheme and obtained model results are more parametrically diverse than in the existing procedures. This is caused by the fact that the proposed tools are more informative and statistically effective for identification of anthropogenic impact on landscapes and physic-geographic taxons than the average-weighted and other calculating anthropization indexes or schemes for consideration the impact of only dominant LULC systems. The verification of the developed tools for the test megaregion affirme
{"title":"Shape of cumulative land use systems' area distribution as a parameter of anthropogenic impact on landscapes","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-20","url":null,"abstract":"Statement of the problem and paper objective. Current challenges address global and regional threats to biotic and landscape diversity and the urgent need for its conservation, restoration and reproduction. They make it necessary to improve the tools for conceptual, information and calculating assessment of human activities impact on the environment. That is why the study of the landscapes anthropization, i.e. the process of their transformation through human activity, and the identification of the effects of this anthropization on the environment remains the most pressing problem of geography and geoecology. Given this, the paper objective was to substantiate, develop and verify new and sufficiently informative analytical tools for modeling anthropogenic impact of the land use and/or land cover (LULC) system on landscapes and/or physic-geographic taxons. Methods and results. The experience shows that the resumptive graphic solutions for the analysis of anthropogenic impact on landscapes can be correctly represented in the form of certain modified graphs of statistics. So, the classified scheme of the LULC system areas' cumulative distribution in landscapes and/or physic-geographic taxons was substantiated and constructed as analytical tool for modeling anthropogenic impact on landscapes / taxons. The scheme is based on the concept that the types of the mentioned distribution in its shape are adequate a certain category and the intensity of anthropogenic impact on landscapes or taxons. Properly the distribution of LULC system areas was typified by the ranges for the parameter of polynomial trends in the cumulative graphs of these areas in landscapes or their aggregations. Under these conditions, the scheme of areas' cumulative distribution operates with ten types of distribution – from excessively convex to excessively concave. These types also reflect different anthropogenic impacts on taxons – from weak to excessively strong. Verification of the scheme calculating LULC system areas' cumulative distribution was realized for the test megaregion, including 30 physic-geographic areas and 130 physic-geographic districts of the five regions in the zones of mixed (coniferous / broad-leaved) and broad-leaved forests and forest-steppe of Ukraine. Relevant digital choropleths concerning anthropogenic impact on these taxons were simulated and analyzed. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Scientific novelty is determined by the reason that the developed scheme and obtained model results are more parametrically diverse than in the existing procedures. This is caused by the fact that the proposed tools are more informative and statistically effective for identification of anthropogenic impact on landscapes and physic-geographic taxons than the average-weighted and other calculating anthropization indexes or schemes for consideration the impact of only dominant LULC systems. The verification of the developed tools for the test megaregion affirme","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"1991 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89107163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-08
Purpose. The paper examines the peculiarities of the contemporary state and opportunities of further development of strategic partnership between Ukraine and China. The purpose of the paper is to study the state of implementation of the "Belt and Road Initiative" within the strategic partnership between Ukraine and China, as well as to identify threats and prospects for this form of cooperation for economic development of Ukraine. Scientific novelty. The paper analyzes the scientific achievements of domestic and foreign researchers on the possibilities of Ukraine's inclusion in the "Belt and Road Initiative", it has been analyzed the current state of strategic partnership between Ukraine and China in the aspect of the project implementation, analyzed the dynamics of bilateral trade between Ukraine and China over the past 10 years, and disclosed the commodity structure of foreign trade between the countries. Investment flows between China and Ukraine have been analyzed, implemented, projected and not implemented projects of Ukraine, which were financed by Chinese investments have been considered. SWOT analysis of straegic cooperation between Ukraine and China in terms of the "Belt and Road Initiative" was carried out and a set of recommendations for the strategic partnership development between Ukraine and China was proposed in the paper. Results. The dynamics of trade in services between Ukraine and China during the studied period had the following changes: growth was observed from 2011, 2014, 2016 and 2019, a positive balance for Ukraine was from 2009 to 2013. The structure of Ukrainian exports of services to China was dominated by: transport services 54.3%, business services 22.8%, repair and maintenance services, which do not belong to other categories 8.2%. The structure of imports of services from China was dominated by: services related to financial activities 57.7%, transport services 6.2%. Currently there is a significant imbalance in trade operations between Ukraine and the People's Republic of China. The largest share in the sectoral structure of Chinese direct investments in the share capital occupies the industry – 33.1%, in particular processing industry - 30.6%, extractive industry - 1.8%; professional and scientific-technical activities – 24.3%, as well as agriculture – 19.9% (Fig. 2). The SWOT-analysis conducted of opportunities, advantages, threats and advantages of strategic cooperation between Ukraine and China in terms of the "Belt and Road Initiative" proves the presence of a large number of possible directions for cooperation between the countries, but their successful implementation of these opportunities largely depends on the desire for cooperation between the governments of both countries. Practical significance. The results of this study can be used by the authorities at the state level to improve the conditions of strategic partnership between Ukraine and China, to attract foreign investment in the necessary sectors
{"title":"Ukraine–China strategic partnership: current situation, problems and prospects","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-08","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The paper examines the peculiarities of the contemporary state and opportunities of further development of strategic partnership between Ukraine and China. The purpose of the paper is to study the state of implementation of the \"Belt and Road Initiative\" within the strategic partnership between Ukraine and China, as well as to identify threats and prospects for this form of cooperation for economic development of Ukraine. Scientific novelty. The paper analyzes the scientific achievements of domestic and foreign researchers on the possibilities of Ukraine's inclusion in the \"Belt and Road Initiative\", it has been analyzed the current state of strategic partnership between Ukraine and China in the aspect of the project implementation, analyzed the dynamics of bilateral trade between Ukraine and China over the past 10 years, and disclosed the commodity structure of foreign trade between the countries. Investment flows between China and Ukraine have been analyzed, implemented, projected and not implemented projects of Ukraine, which were financed by Chinese investments have been considered. SWOT analysis of straegic cooperation between Ukraine and China in terms of the \"Belt and Road Initiative\" was carried out and a set of recommendations for the strategic partnership development between Ukraine and China was proposed in the paper. Results. The dynamics of trade in services between Ukraine and China during the studied period had the following changes: growth was observed from 2011, 2014, 2016 and 2019, a positive balance for Ukraine was from 2009 to 2013. The structure of Ukrainian exports of services to China was dominated by: transport services 54.3%, business services 22.8%, repair and maintenance services, which do not belong to other categories 8.2%. The structure of imports of services from China was dominated by: services related to financial activities 57.7%, transport services 6.2%. Currently there is a significant imbalance in trade operations between Ukraine and the People's Republic of China. The largest share in the sectoral structure of Chinese direct investments in the share capital occupies the industry – 33.1%, in particular processing industry - 30.6%, extractive industry - 1.8%; professional and scientific-technical activities – 24.3%, as well as agriculture – 19.9% (Fig. 2). The SWOT-analysis conducted of opportunities, advantages, threats and advantages of strategic cooperation between Ukraine and China in terms of the \"Belt and Road Initiative\" proves the presence of a large number of possible directions for cooperation between the countries, but their successful implementation of these opportunities largely depends on the desire for cooperation between the governments of both countries. Practical significance. The results of this study can be used by the authorities at the state level to improve the conditions of strategic partnership between Ukraine and China, to attract foreign investment in the necessary sectors","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85064936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-12
Research problem introduction. Both a number of necessities that require the novel technological introductions in urban studies and the challengers corresponding to these introductions have been outlined with the emphasis on the urban remote sensing tools. The research goal of this text is to outline the authors’ original contribution to the algorithmic content of the automated feature extraction upon the urban environment modeling, as well as to represent the original web-software for urban studies. AFE methods in the building detection, extraction and 3D reconstruction within the LiDAR pipeline: a thematic overview. The overall AFE algorithmic approach has been summarized proceeding from an extensional literature review due to the feature extraction from raw lidar data. A sample of the composite model of an urban feature extracted, the overall AFE algorithmic flowchart, and few MSL processed results have been visualized. Feature detection, classification, segmentation and reconstruction have been presented as constituents of the united LiDAR pipeline. EOS LiDAR Tool (ELiT) and our key original algorithmic approaches to the AFE issues. The web-software has been developed on the base of the outlined multifunctional research approach. This software has several basic functionalities within the distributed information system: building extraction, building extraction in rural areas, change detection, and digital elevation model generation. Two basic algorithmic approaches implemented in the software have been explained in details: High Polyhedral Modeling provided by the Building Extraction tool, and Low Polyhedral Modeling provided by the Building Extraction Rural Area tool. The extensive usage of the Voronoi diagram for cluster adjacency on the finalizing modeling stage has been provided as our original update of the existing LPM methodology: its applying for the roof cluster adjacency determination and for separation of coplanar clusters, applying limited diagram for avoiding side effects of adjacency determination, its applying for the awning / overhand identification. ELiT Geoportal. The EGP has been depicted as a type of web portal used to find, access, and process LiDAR geospatial both primary, and derivative information, as well as to provide the associated geographic services (display, editing, analysis, etc.) via the Internet. The key characteristics of our Geoportal have been listed as well as some illustrations provided for the uploaded projects. Conclusion and future works. The automated feature extraction from lidar data technique has been presented with the authors’ updates as a highly promising solution for the multicomponent simulation of urban environment, that can be used for different applications for cities. The use-cases for the EGP have been outlined as hot issues: Population estimation with building geometries; Energy demand for heating and cooling; Visibility analysis in urban environment.
{"title":"Urban environment 3D studies by automated feature extraction from LiDAR point clouds","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-52-12","url":null,"abstract":"Research problem introduction. Both a number of necessities that require the novel technological introductions in urban studies and the challengers corresponding to these introductions have been outlined with the emphasis on the urban remote sensing tools. The research goal of this text is to outline the authors’ original contribution to the algorithmic content of the automated feature extraction upon the urban environment modeling, as well as to represent the original web-software for urban studies. AFE methods in the building detection, extraction and 3D reconstruction within the LiDAR pipeline: a thematic overview. The overall AFE algorithmic approach has been summarized proceeding from an extensional literature review due to the feature extraction from raw lidar data. A sample of the composite model of an urban feature extracted, the overall AFE algorithmic flowchart, and few MSL processed results have been visualized. Feature detection, classification, segmentation and reconstruction have been presented as constituents of the united LiDAR pipeline. EOS LiDAR Tool (ELiT) and our key original algorithmic approaches to the AFE issues. The web-software has been developed on the base of the outlined multifunctional research approach. This software has several basic functionalities within the distributed information system: building extraction, building extraction in rural areas, change detection, and digital elevation model generation. Two basic algorithmic approaches implemented in the software have been explained in details: High Polyhedral Modeling provided by the Building Extraction tool, and Low Polyhedral Modeling provided by the Building Extraction Rural Area tool. The extensive usage of the Voronoi diagram for cluster adjacency on the finalizing modeling stage has been provided as our original update of the existing LPM methodology: its applying for the roof cluster adjacency determination and for separation of coplanar clusters, applying limited diagram for avoiding side effects of adjacency determination, its applying for the awning / overhand identification. ELiT Geoportal. The EGP has been depicted as a type of web portal used to find, access, and process LiDAR geospatial both primary, and derivative information, as well as to provide the associated geographic services (display, editing, analysis, etc.) via the Internet. The key characteristics of our Geoportal have been listed as well as some illustrations provided for the uploaded projects. Conclusion and future works. The automated feature extraction from lidar data technique has been presented with the authors’ updates as a highly promising solution for the multicomponent simulation of urban environment, that can be used for different applications for cities. The use-cases for the EGP have been outlined as hot issues: Population estimation with building geometries; Energy demand for heating and cooling; Visibility analysis in urban environment.","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77526249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-09
Purpose. Life, scientific and pedagogical way of А. М. Krasnov at the time of the formation of geography was unique, versatile, often contradictory, but clearly creative and innovative approach to everything that was within his interests. Despite some hasty results that harmed his general authority, the figure of A. M. Krasnov – the professor of Imperial Kharkiv University, the founder of Batumi Botanical Garden – is still of interest. Attention has veen paid to the period of his initial formation as a scientist, communication with V. I. Vernadsky, comparison of A. M. Krasnov’s works with works of other researchers, the implementation of the idea of plant introduction. Method. Authentic scientific works of A. M. Krasnov and his contemporaries have been used in the work. Through the use of historical and historiographical sources and comparative analysis there have been revealed those inconsistencies in his works which caused sharp criticism of reviewers. Results. Studies of the work of the first domestic doctor of geographical sciences Andriy Mykolayovych Krasnov have showed his passion for expeditionary research, charisma, thirst for knowledge, love of nature, rich innovative heritage. Attention has been paid to the initial stage of his life, when the interest in scientific, in particular, expeditionary research, which did not leave him during his life, emerged. Based on the study of the relationship between A. M. Krasnov and V. I. Vernadsky, a conclusion about his extraordinary character, ingrained sense of independence, but also passion, excessive emotionality, haste of conclusions has been made. The authors have given the generalized description of the state of the study of geography, which was considered an auxiliary science in the universities of the Russian Empire in the late XIX century, because for A. M. Krasnov it became a source of innovation. The article reveals the extraordinary scientific courage of A. M. Krasnov, who in his doctoral thesis considered the views of famous scientists on the causes of steppe plains. The analysis of А. М. Krasnov’s publications and other sources has proved that he became the creator of constructive geography, combined theoretical classes with practical ones in nature, initiated student scientific expeditions, founded a student geographical society and a geographical office. Possessing artistic and literary talent, he became one of the best promoters of exotic regions, visiting dozens of countries around the world. The authors have also traced the reasons why his scientific works were treated with skepticism and distrust. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Some details of the relationship between A. M. Krasnov and V. I. Vernadsky have been clarified. The reasons that led to the ignoring of the scientific achievement of A. M. Krasnov by contemporaries have been revealed. It is expedient to use these materials while writing the full scientific and pedagogical biography of professor A. M. Kra
目的。人生之道，科学之道，教育之道А。М。在地理学形成时期，克拉斯诺夫是独一无二的，多才多艺的，经常是矛盾的，但他对自己感兴趣的一切都有明显的创造性和创新性。尽管一些草率的结果损害了他的总体权威，但克拉斯诺夫——帝国哈尔科夫大学教授、巴统植物园创始人——的形象仍然令人感兴趣。还注意到克拉斯诺夫最初成为科学家的时期，与维尔纳德斯基的交流，克拉斯诺夫的作品与其他研究人员的作品的比较，植物引进思想的实施方法。A. M. Krasnov及其同时代人的真实科学作品已在工作中使用。通过对史学资料的运用和比较分析，揭示了他的作品中存在的不一致之处，这些不一致之处引起了评论家的尖锐批评。研究国内第一位地理科学博士安德烈·尼古拉耶维奇·克拉斯诺夫的工作表现出他对探险研究的热情，个人魅力，对知识的渴望，对自然的热爱，丰富的创新遗产。人们关注的是他生命的最初阶段，当时他对科学的兴趣，特别是对探险研究的兴趣，在他的一生中一直没有离开。通过对克拉斯诺夫与维尔纳德斯基关系的研究，得出了克拉斯诺夫性格独特，独立意识根深蒂固，但也有激情，过度情绪化，急于下结论的结论。作者对地理学的研究状况进行了概括的描述，地理学在19世纪末的俄罗斯帝国的大学中被认为是一门辅助科学，因为对a . M.克拉斯诺夫来说，它成为了创新的源泉。这篇文章揭示了A. M.克拉斯诺夫非凡的科学勇气，他在博士论文中考虑了著名科学家对草原平原成因的看法。А的分析。М。克拉斯诺夫的出版物和其他资料证明，他是建设性地理学的创造者，将理论课程与自然实践课程结合起来，发起学生科学考察，成立学生地理学会和地理办公室。他拥有艺术和文学天赋，成为异国情调最好的推动者之一，访问了世界上几十个国家。作者还追溯了他的科学作品受到怀疑和不信任的原因。具有科学新颖性和现实意义。克拉斯诺夫和维尔纳德斯基之间关系的一些细节已经得到澄清。揭示了导致同时代人忽视克拉斯诺夫科学成就的原因。在撰写A. M.克拉斯诺夫教授的完整科学和教学传记时，使用这些材料是权宜之计。
{"title":"Scientific activity of professor Andriy Krasnov and its role in the development of modern geography","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2020-53-09","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Life, scientific and pedagogical way of А. М. Krasnov at the time of the formation of geography was unique, versatile, often contradictory, but clearly creative and innovative approach to everything that was within his interests. Despite some hasty results that harmed his general authority, the figure of A. M. Krasnov – the professor of Imperial Kharkiv University, the founder of Batumi Botanical Garden – is still of interest. Attention has veen paid to the period of his initial formation as a scientist, communication with V. I. Vernadsky, comparison of A. M. Krasnov’s works with works of other researchers, the implementation of the idea of plant introduction. Method. Authentic scientific works of A. M. Krasnov and his contemporaries have been used in the work. Through the use of historical and historiographical sources and comparative analysis there have been revealed those inconsistencies in his works which caused sharp criticism of reviewers. Results. Studies of the work of the first domestic doctor of geographical sciences Andriy Mykolayovych Krasnov have showed his passion for expeditionary research, charisma, thirst for knowledge, love of nature, rich innovative heritage. Attention has been paid to the initial stage of his life, when the interest in scientific, in particular, expeditionary research, which did not leave him during his life, emerged. Based on the study of the relationship between A. M. Krasnov and V. I. Vernadsky, a conclusion about his extraordinary character, ingrained sense of independence, but also passion, excessive emotionality, haste of conclusions has been made. The authors have given the generalized description of the state of the study of geography, which was considered an auxiliary science in the universities of the Russian Empire in the late XIX century, because for A. M. Krasnov it became a source of innovation. The article reveals the extraordinary scientific courage of A. M. Krasnov, who in his doctoral thesis considered the views of famous scientists on the causes of steppe plains. The analysis of А. М. Krasnov’s publications and other sources has proved that he became the creator of constructive geography, combined theoretical classes with practical ones in nature, initiated student scientific expeditions, founded a student geographical society and a geographical office. Possessing artistic and literary talent, he became one of the best promoters of exotic regions, visiting dozens of countries around the world. The authors have also traced the reasons why his scientific works were treated with skepticism and distrust. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Some details of the relationship between A. M. Krasnov and V. I. Vernadsky have been clarified. The reasons that led to the ignoring of the scientific achievement of A. M. Krasnov by contemporaries have been revealed. It is expedient to use these materials while writing the full scientific and pedagogical biography of professor A. M. Kra","PeriodicalId":52802,"journal":{"name":"Visnik Kharkivs''kogo natsional''nogouniversitetu imeni VN Karazina Seriia Radiofizika ta elektronika","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80004516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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