The water and mud inrush is one of the main safety accidents that occur during tunnel construction in water rich karst regions. Often, faulting occurs in front of tunnel face, creating a conduit for water and inrush disasters easily occur. Accurately predicting the safety distance between tunnel face and fault fracture zone allows for effectively avoiding water and mud inrush disasters during construction. First, the analytical model of safety distance of water and mud inrush prevention is proposed, in which the rock zone between tunnel face and fault fracture zone is considered a thick rectangular plate with simple support on four sides. Subsequently, the proposed model is successfully verified through comparison with two existing models and engineering cases published in the literature. Finally, the influence of main model parameters on the safety distance is further determined. This study shows that: (i) The safety distance increases with the increase in the cross-sectional height and width, and the burial depth of the tunnel; (ii) The safety distance increases with the increase in the effective gravity of the rock inside the fault fracture zone, and height of groundwater table, and decrease in dip angle of the fault; (iii) The safety distance increases with the increase in fault width, and the fault length has little influence on the safety distance.
{"title":"Stability analysis of rock zone between tunnel face and fault fracture zone","authors":"Jianming Du, Baosheng Dong, Xuan Zhang","doi":"10.1093/tse/tdae001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdae001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The water and mud inrush is one of the main safety accidents that occur during tunnel construction in water rich karst regions. Often, faulting occurs in front of tunnel face, creating a conduit for water and inrush disasters easily occur. Accurately predicting the safety distance between tunnel face and fault fracture zone allows for effectively avoiding water and mud inrush disasters during construction. First, the analytical model of safety distance of water and mud inrush prevention is proposed, in which the rock zone between tunnel face and fault fracture zone is considered a thick rectangular plate with simple support on four sides. Subsequently, the proposed model is successfully verified through comparison with two existing models and engineering cases published in the literature. Finally, the influence of main model parameters on the safety distance is further determined. This study shows that: (i) The safety distance increases with the increase in the cross-sectional height and width, and the burial depth of the tunnel; (ii) The safety distance increases with the increase in the effective gravity of the rock inside the fault fracture zone, and height of groundwater table, and decrease in dip angle of the fault; (iii) The safety distance increases with the increase in fault width, and the fault length has little influence on the safety distance.","PeriodicalId":52804,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Safety and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140442687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To analyze the vertical dynamic characteristics of the aircraft towing system under different constraints on the nose landing gear wheels of the aircraft during the towing slip-out mode, a dynamic model of the towing system considering the constraints between the clamping mechanism and the aircraft nose landing gear wheels was established based on the general towing system dynamic model. On this basis, an analysis was conducted to determine whether considering the aircraft wheel constraints affects the vertical vibration acceleration of the towing vehicle and the nose landing gear in low-speed (10 km/h) and high-speed (40 km/h) operating conditions. With the consideration of constraints at both ends of the aircraft wheels, the vertical acceleration of the towing vehicle's center of mass increased by 153% and 172% at low speed and high speed, respectively, compared to not considering the aircraft wheel constraints. Additionally, with the consideration of constraints at both ends of the aircraft wheels, the vertical acceleration of the nose landing gear's center of mass decreased to 20% and 57% at low speed and high speed, respectively, compared to not considering the aircraft wheel constraints. An analysis of the vertical vibration acceleration of the towing vehicle under different wheel constraint conditions found that the RMS value of the vertical vibration acceleration of the towing vehicle's center of mass was minimized when the clamping angles of the clamping mechanism to the nose landing gear wheels were 63° and 64°, respectively. Under this clamping angle, the influence of the clamping forces at both ends of the clamping mechanism on the vertical vibration acceleration of the towing vehicle was minimal. The research results provide valuable reference for the direct constraints between the clamping mechanism and the nose landing gear wheels in the aircraft towing slip-out system.
{"title":"Dynamic analysis of aircraft towing slip-out system considering vertical wheel constraints","authors":"Xing Lu, Yuning Sun, Jie Tang, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1093/tse/tdae004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdae004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To analyze the vertical dynamic characteristics of the aircraft towing system under different constraints on the nose landing gear wheels of the aircraft during the towing slip-out mode, a dynamic model of the towing system considering the constraints between the clamping mechanism and the aircraft nose landing gear wheels was established based on the general towing system dynamic model. On this basis, an analysis was conducted to determine whether considering the aircraft wheel constraints affects the vertical vibration acceleration of the towing vehicle and the nose landing gear in low-speed (10 km/h) and high-speed (40 km/h) operating conditions. With the consideration of constraints at both ends of the aircraft wheels, the vertical acceleration of the towing vehicle's center of mass increased by 153% and 172% at low speed and high speed, respectively, compared to not considering the aircraft wheel constraints. Additionally, with the consideration of constraints at both ends of the aircraft wheels, the vertical acceleration of the nose landing gear's center of mass decreased to 20% and 57% at low speed and high speed, respectively, compared to not considering the aircraft wheel constraints. An analysis of the vertical vibration acceleration of the towing vehicle under different wheel constraint conditions found that the RMS value of the vertical vibration acceleration of the towing vehicle's center of mass was minimized when the clamping angles of the clamping mechanism to the nose landing gear wheels were 63° and 64°, respectively. Under this clamping angle, the influence of the clamping forces at both ends of the clamping mechanism on the vertical vibration acceleration of the towing vehicle was minimal. The research results provide valuable reference for the direct constraints between the clamping mechanism and the nose landing gear wheels in the aircraft towing slip-out system.","PeriodicalId":52804,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Safety and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139803248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To analyze the vertical dynamic characteristics of the aircraft towing system under different constraints on the nose landing gear wheels of the aircraft during the towing slip-out mode, a dynamic model of the towing system considering the constraints between the clamping mechanism and the aircraft nose landing gear wheels was established based on the general towing system dynamic model. On this basis, an analysis was conducted to determine whether considering the aircraft wheel constraints affects the vertical vibration acceleration of the towing vehicle and the nose landing gear in low-speed (10 km/h) and high-speed (40 km/h) operating conditions. With the consideration of constraints at both ends of the aircraft wheels, the vertical acceleration of the towing vehicle's center of mass increased by 153% and 172% at low speed and high speed, respectively, compared to not considering the aircraft wheel constraints. Additionally, with the consideration of constraints at both ends of the aircraft wheels, the vertical acceleration of the nose landing gear's center of mass decreased to 20% and 57% at low speed and high speed, respectively, compared to not considering the aircraft wheel constraints. An analysis of the vertical vibration acceleration of the towing vehicle under different wheel constraint conditions found that the RMS value of the vertical vibration acceleration of the towing vehicle's center of mass was minimized when the clamping angles of the clamping mechanism to the nose landing gear wheels were 63° and 64°, respectively. Under this clamping angle, the influence of the clamping forces at both ends of the clamping mechanism on the vertical vibration acceleration of the towing vehicle was minimal. The research results provide valuable reference for the direct constraints between the clamping mechanism and the nose landing gear wheels in the aircraft towing slip-out system.
{"title":"Dynamic analysis of aircraft towing slip-out system considering vertical wheel constraints","authors":"Xing Lu, Yuning Sun, Jie Tang, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1093/tse/tdae004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdae004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To analyze the vertical dynamic characteristics of the aircraft towing system under different constraints on the nose landing gear wheels of the aircraft during the towing slip-out mode, a dynamic model of the towing system considering the constraints between the clamping mechanism and the aircraft nose landing gear wheels was established based on the general towing system dynamic model. On this basis, an analysis was conducted to determine whether considering the aircraft wheel constraints affects the vertical vibration acceleration of the towing vehicle and the nose landing gear in low-speed (10 km/h) and high-speed (40 km/h) operating conditions. With the consideration of constraints at both ends of the aircraft wheels, the vertical acceleration of the towing vehicle's center of mass increased by 153% and 172% at low speed and high speed, respectively, compared to not considering the aircraft wheel constraints. Additionally, with the consideration of constraints at both ends of the aircraft wheels, the vertical acceleration of the nose landing gear's center of mass decreased to 20% and 57% at low speed and high speed, respectively, compared to not considering the aircraft wheel constraints. An analysis of the vertical vibration acceleration of the towing vehicle under different wheel constraint conditions found that the RMS value of the vertical vibration acceleration of the towing vehicle's center of mass was minimized when the clamping angles of the clamping mechanism to the nose landing gear wheels were 63° and 64°, respectively. Under this clamping angle, the influence of the clamping forces at both ends of the clamping mechanism on the vertical vibration acceleration of the towing vehicle was minimal. The research results provide valuable reference for the direct constraints between the clamping mechanism and the nose landing gear wheels in the aircraft towing slip-out system.","PeriodicalId":52804,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Safety and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139863041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The electric road system (ERS) is an emerging technology to support decarbonisation of heavy good vehicles (HGVs). The reliability of the traction power supply system (TPSS) for an electric road is a key consideration in ERS planning and maintenance, but since the development of ERS is still at its early stage, the reliability study of different ERS systems has not been fully researched. This paper fills this research gap. It first analyses the potential operation risks of three different ERS systems using the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method. Then, a fault tree model is built to analyse the overall reliability of the traction power supply system of each of the three ERS types and to identify the weak links. Furthermore, the overall failure rate and reliability indicators are obtained by combining the possible failures of both the electric and non- electric components of the TPSS. Finally, based on the analysis of the potential risks and the corresponding reliability indicators, the advantages and disadvantages of different ERS solutions and the future development prospects are discussed.
电动道路系统（ERS）是一项支持重型车辆（HGV）去碳化的新兴技术。电动道路牵引供电系统（TPSS）的可靠性是ERS规划和维护的关键考虑因素，但由于ERS的发展仍处于早期阶段，对不同ERS系统可靠性的研究尚不充分。本文填补了这一研究空白。本文首先利用失效模式和效应分析法（FMEA）分析了三种不同 ERS 系统的潜在运行风险。然后，建立故障树模型，分析三种 ERS 牵引供电系统的整体可靠性，找出薄弱环节。此外，结合牵引供电系统电气和非电气部件可能出现的故障，得出整体故障率和可靠性指标。最后，在分析潜在风险和相应可靠性指标的基础上，讨论了不同 ERS 解决方案的优缺点和未来发展前景。
{"title":"Electrification of Urban Road Traffic: A Reliability Analysis of Traction Power Supply for Electric Road Systems","authors":"Wei Zuo, Kang Li","doi":"10.1093/tse/tdae003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdae003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The electric road system (ERS) is an emerging technology to support decarbonisation of heavy good vehicles (HGVs). The reliability of the traction power supply system (TPSS) for an electric road is a key consideration in ERS planning and maintenance, but since the development of ERS is still at its early stage, the reliability study of different ERS systems has not been fully researched. This paper fills this research gap. It first analyses the potential operation risks of three different ERS systems using the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method. Then, a fault tree model is built to analyse the overall reliability of the traction power supply system of each of the three ERS types and to identify the weak links. Furthermore, the overall failure rate and reliability indicators are obtained by combining the possible failures of both the electric and non- electric components of the TPSS. Finally, based on the analysis of the potential risks and the corresponding reliability indicators, the advantages and disadvantages of different ERS solutions and the future development prospects are discussed.","PeriodicalId":52804,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Safety and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139891162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The electric road system (ERS) is an emerging technology to support decarbonisation of heavy good vehicles (HGVs). The reliability of the traction power supply system (TPSS) for an electric road is a key consideration in ERS planning and maintenance, but since the development of ERS is still at its early stage, the reliability study of different ERS systems has not been fully researched. This paper fills this research gap. It first analyses the potential operation risks of three different ERS systems using the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method. Then, a fault tree model is built to analyse the overall reliability of the traction power supply system of each of the three ERS types and to identify the weak links. Furthermore, the overall failure rate and reliability indicators are obtained by combining the possible failures of both the electric and non- electric components of the TPSS. Finally, based on the analysis of the potential risks and the corresponding reliability indicators, the advantages and disadvantages of different ERS solutions and the future development prospects are discussed.
电动道路系统（ERS）是一项支持重型车辆（HGV）去碳化的新兴技术。电动道路牵引供电系统（TPSS）的可靠性是ERS规划和维护的关键考虑因素，但由于ERS的发展仍处于早期阶段，对不同ERS系统可靠性的研究尚不充分。本文填补了这一研究空白。本文首先利用失效模式和效应分析法（FMEA）分析了三种不同 ERS 系统的潜在运行风险。然后，建立故障树模型，分析三种 ERS 牵引供电系统的整体可靠性，找出薄弱环节。此外，结合牵引供电系统电气和非电气部件可能出现的故障，得出整体故障率和可靠性指标。最后，在分析潜在风险和相应可靠性指标的基础上，讨论了不同 ERS 解决方案的优缺点和未来发展前景。
{"title":"Electrification of Urban Road Traffic: A Reliability Analysis of Traction Power Supply for Electric Road Systems","authors":"Wei Zuo, Kang Li","doi":"10.1093/tse/tdae003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdae003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The electric road system (ERS) is an emerging technology to support decarbonisation of heavy good vehicles (HGVs). The reliability of the traction power supply system (TPSS) for an electric road is a key consideration in ERS planning and maintenance, but since the development of ERS is still at its early stage, the reliability study of different ERS systems has not been fully researched. This paper fills this research gap. It first analyses the potential operation risks of three different ERS systems using the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method. Then, a fault tree model is built to analyse the overall reliability of the traction power supply system of each of the three ERS types and to identify the weak links. Furthermore, the overall failure rate and reliability indicators are obtained by combining the possible failures of both the electric and non- electric components of the TPSS. Finally, based on the analysis of the potential risks and the corresponding reliability indicators, the advantages and disadvantages of different ERS solutions and the future development prospects are discussed.","PeriodicalId":52804,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Safety and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139831153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Variable Speed Limits (VSL) stand out as a well-established and effective strategy to alleviate traffic congestion and enhance traffic safety on motorways. It allows Variable Message Signs (VMSs) to dynamically determine the speed limits according to real-time traffic states. This paper introduces an innovative online feedback control approach designed to regulate speed limit values on Variable Message Signs (VMSs), addressing multiple bottlenecks while considering their spatiotemporal constraints. Moreover, we offline optimize the gain coefficients of this feedback control approach in the simulation-based optimization (SBO) framework. Specifically, with average and variance of space-mean speeds as bi-objectives, a stochastic SBO model considering uncertain traffic demands and compliance behaviors is established and solved by a bi-objective surrogate-based promising area search (BOSPAS) algorithm. Real-field experiments conducted in Edmond City demonstrate the well-performing bi-objectives of the proposed approach, especially in handling uncertain compliance behaviors and traffic demands. Compared with the uncontrolled scenario, the feedback control schemes with the offline optimized gain coefficients improve the average and variance of space-mean speeds by up to 16.2% and 20.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, by the comparison of detailed performances, it is found that the optimized control schemes perform better than the uncontrolled scheme from the overall and local aspects. In conclusion, this study puts forward a general framework that applies an online feedback control approach with gain coefficients optimized offline by an SBO method to deal with real-time decision-making problems under uncertainties.
{"title":"Bi-objective simulation optimization for online feedback control of variable speed limits considering uncertain traffic demands and compliance behaviors","authors":"Xiang Wei, Liang Zheng, Pengjie Liu, Shuaichao Zhang, Hewei Tang","doi":"10.1093/tse/tdae002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdae002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Variable Speed Limits (VSL) stand out as a well-established and effective strategy to alleviate traffic congestion and enhance traffic safety on motorways. It allows Variable Message Signs (VMSs) to dynamically determine the speed limits according to real-time traffic states. This paper introduces an innovative online feedback control approach designed to regulate speed limit values on Variable Message Signs (VMSs), addressing multiple bottlenecks while considering their spatiotemporal constraints. Moreover, we offline optimize the gain coefficients of this feedback control approach in the simulation-based optimization (SBO) framework. Specifically, with average and variance of space-mean speeds as bi-objectives, a stochastic SBO model considering uncertain traffic demands and compliance behaviors is established and solved by a bi-objective surrogate-based promising area search (BOSPAS) algorithm. Real-field experiments conducted in Edmond City demonstrate the well-performing bi-objectives of the proposed approach, especially in handling uncertain compliance behaviors and traffic demands. Compared with the uncontrolled scenario, the feedback control schemes with the offline optimized gain coefficients improve the average and variance of space-mean speeds by up to 16.2% and 20.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, by the comparison of detailed performances, it is found that the optimized control schemes perform better than the uncontrolled scheme from the overall and local aspects. In conclusion, this study puts forward a general framework that applies an online feedback control approach with gain coefficients optimized offline by an SBO method to deal with real-time decision-making problems under uncertainties.","PeriodicalId":52804,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Safety and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139592797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minqing Zhu, Bo Zhao, Hongjun Cui, Sheng Yao, Feng Xu
The imbalance of rural parking supply and demand has a great impact on traffic congestion and environmental pollution, which has attracted the attention of many scholars as well as policymakers. However, most of the current research on parking choice mainly focuses on urban business and residential areas, lacks research on rural parking choice behavior, and focuses on the analysis of observable factors, ignoring the internal relationship with potential variables. Based on this, this study considers the heterogeneity of individuals and uses the random forest algorithm to construct a model of rural residents’ willingness to choose parking with both latent and explicit variables, to explore how much and in what ways individual characteristics and parking characteristics affect rural residents’ parking choices, and to explore parking planning programs and strategies that are truly applicable to rural areas. The results of the study suggest that safety and convenience of the parking environment are key factors influencing the parking choice behavior of rural residents, and can greatly improve the predictive accuracy of the parking willingness model. Upon comparison, it is found that the application of the random forest algorithm is also significantly better than the logit model in terms of prediction effect, indicating that there is a nonlinear effect among the factors influencing the parking choice behavior of rural residents and that the random forest model with the addition of latent variables provides a better explanatory ability for the study of the parking choice behavior of rural residents.
{"title":"Parking choice behavior analysis of rural residents based on latent variable random forest model","authors":"Minqing Zhu, Bo Zhao, Hongjun Cui, Sheng Yao, Feng Xu","doi":"10.1093/tse/tdad045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdad045","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The imbalance of rural parking supply and demand has a great impact on traffic congestion and environmental pollution, which has attracted the attention of many scholars as well as policymakers. However, most of the current research on parking choice mainly focuses on urban business and residential areas, lacks research on rural parking choice behavior, and focuses on the analysis of observable factors, ignoring the internal relationship with potential variables. Based on this, this study considers the heterogeneity of individuals and uses the random forest algorithm to construct a model of rural residents’ willingness to choose parking with both latent and explicit variables, to explore how much and in what ways individual characteristics and parking characteristics affect rural residents’ parking choices, and to explore parking planning programs and strategies that are truly applicable to rural areas. The results of the study suggest that safety and convenience of the parking environment are key factors influencing the parking choice behavior of rural residents, and can greatly improve the predictive accuracy of the parking willingness model. Upon comparison, it is found that the application of the random forest algorithm is also significantly better than the logit model in terms of prediction effect, indicating that there is a nonlinear effect among the factors influencing the parking choice behavior of rural residents and that the random forest model with the addition of latent variables provides a better explanatory ability for the study of the parking choice behavior of rural residents.","PeriodicalId":52804,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Safety and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138943568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) with large animals are estimated to cost the United States over ${$}$8 billion in property damage, tens of thousands of human injuries, and nearly 200 fatalities each year. Most WVCs occur on rural roads and are not collected evenly among road segments, leading to imbalanced data. There are a disproportionate number of analysis units that have zero WVC cases when investigating large geographic areas for collision risk. Analysis units with zero WVCs can reduce prediction accuracy and weaken the coefficient estimates of statistical learning models. This study demonstrates that the use of the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) to handle imbalanced WVC data in combination with statistical and machine learning models improves the ability to determine seasonal WVC risk across the rural highway network in Montana, USA. An array of regularized variables describing landscape, road, and traffic were used to develop negative binomial and random forest models to infer WVC rates per 100 million vehicle-miles traveled. The RF model is found to work particularly well with SMOTE-augmented data to improve prediction accuracy of seasonal WVC risk. SMOTE-augmented data are found to improve the accuracy to predict crash risk across fine-grained grids while retaining the characteristics of the original dataset. The analyses suggest that SMOTE augmentation mitigates data imbalance that is encountered in seasonally divided WVC data. This research provides the basis for future risk-mapping models and can potentially be used to address the low rates of WVCs and other crash types along rural roads.
{"title":"Risk Mapping of Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions across the State of Montana, U.S.A.: A Machine Learning Approach for Imbalanced Data along Rural Roads","authors":"Matthew Bell, Yiyi Wang, Rob Ament","doi":"10.1093/tse/tdad043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdad043","url":null,"abstract":"Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) with large animals are estimated to cost the United States over ${$}$8 billion in property damage, tens of thousands of human injuries, and nearly 200 fatalities each year. Most WVCs occur on rural roads and are not collected evenly among road segments, leading to imbalanced data. There are a disproportionate number of analysis units that have zero WVC cases when investigating large geographic areas for collision risk. Analysis units with zero WVCs can reduce prediction accuracy and weaken the coefficient estimates of statistical learning models. This study demonstrates that the use of the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) to handle imbalanced WVC data in combination with statistical and machine learning models improves the ability to determine seasonal WVC risk across the rural highway network in Montana, USA. An array of regularized variables describing landscape, road, and traffic were used to develop negative binomial and random forest models to infer WVC rates per 100 million vehicle-miles traveled. The RF model is found to work particularly well with SMOTE-augmented data to improve prediction accuracy of seasonal WVC risk. SMOTE-augmented data are found to improve the accuracy to predict crash risk across fine-grained grids while retaining the characteristics of the original dataset. The analyses suggest that SMOTE augmentation mitigates data imbalance that is encountered in seasonally divided WVC data. This research provides the basis for future risk-mapping models and can potentially be used to address the low rates of WVCs and other crash types along rural roads.","PeriodicalId":52804,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Safety and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The imbalance between supply and demand in urban settings poses a significant barrier to the sustainable advancement of urban transportation. Shared parking serves as a viable solution to mitigate these challenges. Nevertheless, for its sustained growth, a regulatory mechanism enforced by the government is imperative. To promote shared parking market diffusion, we construct an evolutionary game model that incorporates the government, enterprises, and parking demanders. It explores stabilisation strategies for these stakeholders and identifies multiple equilibrium states under different parameter conditions. The results show that the rate and stability of these evolutionary strategies are constrained by the mutual benefits derived by the three parties. Furthermore, such stakeholders are reciprocally influenced by their willingness to engage in shared parking to varying degrees. Government subsidies serve as a determining factor for the strategic choices made by both enterprises and demanders, albeit at different evolutionary rates. Demanders who place a higher value of time demonstrate a preference for on-street parking, thereby influencing enterprise strategies. To foster the long-term growth of the shared parking market, the government must enact appropriate subsidy policies, maintain consistent regulations, and advocate for increased subsidies for parking demanders to reduce the effect of temporal heterogeneity on parking behavioural choices.
{"title":"Evolutionary game analysis of the shared parking market promotion under government management","authors":"Qingqi Wei, Guomei Xiao","doi":"10.1093/tse/tdad041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdad041","url":null,"abstract":"The imbalance between supply and demand in urban settings poses a significant barrier to the sustainable advancement of urban transportation. Shared parking serves as a viable solution to mitigate these challenges. Nevertheless, for its sustained growth, a regulatory mechanism enforced by the government is imperative. To promote shared parking market diffusion, we construct an evolutionary game model that incorporates the government, enterprises, and parking demanders. It explores stabilisation strategies for these stakeholders and identifies multiple equilibrium states under different parameter conditions. The results show that the rate and stability of these evolutionary strategies are constrained by the mutual benefits derived by the three parties. Furthermore, such stakeholders are reciprocally influenced by their willingness to engage in shared parking to varying degrees. Government subsidies serve as a determining factor for the strategic choices made by both enterprises and demanders, albeit at different evolutionary rates. Demanders who place a higher value of time demonstrate a preference for on-street parking, thereby influencing enterprise strategies. To foster the long-term growth of the shared parking market, the government must enact appropriate subsidy policies, maintain consistent regulations, and advocate for increased subsidies for parking demanders to reduce the effect of temporal heterogeneity on parking behavioural choices.","PeriodicalId":52804,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Safety and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139228636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lane changing behavior is a more complex driving behavior among driving behaviors. The lane changing behavior of drivers may exacerbate congestion, however, driver behavioral characteristics are difficult to be accurately acquired and quantified, and thus tend to be simplified or ignored in existing lane changing models. In this paper, the Bik-means clustering algorithm is used to analyze the urban road congestion state discrimination method. Then, simulated driving scenarios under different traffic congestion conditions for simulated driving tests. Through the force feedback system and infrared camera, the data of driver lane-changing behaviors at different traffic congestion levels are obtained separately, and the definitions of the starting and ending points of a vehicle changing lanes are determined. Furthermore, statistical analysis and discussion of key feature parameters including driver lane-changing behavior data and visual data under different levels of traffic congestion were conducted. It is found that the average lane change intention times in each congestion state are 2s, 4s, 6s and 7s, while the turn signal duration and the number of rearview mirror observations have similar patterns of change to the data on lane-changing intention duration. Moreover, drivers’ pupil diameters become smaller during the lane-changing intention phase, and then relatively enlarge during lane-changing, the range of pupil variation is roughly 3.5-4 mm. The frequency of observing the vehicle in front of the target lane increased as the level of congestion increased, and the frequency of observation in the driver's mirrors while changing lanes approximately doubled compared to driving straight ahead, and this ratio increased as the level of congestion increased.
{"title":"The Characteristics of Driver Lane-Changing Behavior in Congested Road Environments","authors":"Wanqi Wang, Guozhu Cheng","doi":"10.1093/tse/tdad039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdad039","url":null,"abstract":"Lane changing behavior is a more complex driving behavior among driving behaviors. The lane changing behavior of drivers may exacerbate congestion, however, driver behavioral characteristics are difficult to be accurately acquired and quantified, and thus tend to be simplified or ignored in existing lane changing models. In this paper, the Bik-means clustering algorithm is used to analyze the urban road congestion state discrimination method. Then, simulated driving scenarios under different traffic congestion conditions for simulated driving tests. Through the force feedback system and infrared camera, the data of driver lane-changing behaviors at different traffic congestion levels are obtained separately, and the definitions of the starting and ending points of a vehicle changing lanes are determined. Furthermore, statistical analysis and discussion of key feature parameters including driver lane-changing behavior data and visual data under different levels of traffic congestion were conducted. It is found that the average lane change intention times in each congestion state are 2s, 4s, 6s and 7s, while the turn signal duration and the number of rearview mirror observations have similar patterns of change to the data on lane-changing intention duration. Moreover, drivers’ pupil diameters become smaller during the lane-changing intention phase, and then relatively enlarge during lane-changing, the range of pupil variation is roughly 3.5-4 mm. The frequency of observing the vehicle in front of the target lane increased as the level of congestion increased, and the frequency of observation in the driver's mirrors while changing lanes approximately doubled compared to driving straight ahead, and this ratio increased as the level of congestion increased.","PeriodicalId":52804,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Safety and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139252721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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