Pub Date : 2021-01-21DOI: 10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0135
Darío A. Euraque, Yesenia Martínez García
{"title":"L’Afrique et la diaspora africaine dans les programmes scolaires en Amérique centrale","authors":"Darío A. Euraque, Yesenia Martínez García","doi":"10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52851,"journal":{"name":"Les","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86196440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-21DOI: 10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0101
Youenn Cochenec
{"title":"Nantes, la traite et l’esclavage dans les Archives départementales de Loire-Atlantique","authors":"Youenn Cochenec","doi":"10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52851,"journal":{"name":"Les","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82343908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-21DOI: 10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0177
I. Seck
This paper focuses on the issue of slavery and the slave trade as it has been implemented in the History programs of the secondary school system in Senegal. It analyzes the contents of those programs throughout the colonial period up to their last version issued in 2004, and looks at their connections with the historical knowledge so far produced by African historians. Last but not least, this paper also raises some methodological issues related to the way of linking Academic production with school textbooks. African historians have, in the part, favored a victimizing approach to the issue of slavery and have eschewed to highlight the local systems of domination such as domestic slavery and the making of captives on African soil and destined to the Transatlantic slave trade. This approach has generated ‘forbidden knowledge’ comparable to what the colonizers have defined in order to domesticate African minds. Nevertheless, an increasing number of African historians are investigating the issue of slavery in Africa despite a quite hostile environment where the holders of the new historical approach are sometimes depicted as traitors to the African cause. The African communities have, more than ever before, a vested interest in integrating into the education of their children, essential information and knowledge that can assist in clarifying issues and breaking the vicious cycles of violence, marginalization and poverty. L’histoire et son enseignement dans le contexte colonial La première école coloniale au Sénégal, l’École mutuelle de Saint-Louis, a été fondée en 1817 par Jean Dard. Ce dernier était un instituteur venu de Bourgogne avec le gouverneur Schmaltz dans le cadre du retour de la colonie aux Français après la deuxième occupation anglaise. La méthode pédagogique utilisée alors n’était pas inconnue des Africains : les écoliers ‘avancés’ servaient de moniteurs aux autres sous la direction du maître. Les programmes étaient dispensés en français et en wolof. Ensuite, s’implantèrent les écoles religieuses : L’École de la congrégation des Sœurs de Saint-Joseph de Cluny pour les filles, en 1826 ; L’École des Frères de Ploërmel pour les garçons, en 1841; Le Collège du Sénégal, en 1843, sous la direction des trois premiers prêtres sénégalais : les abbés Moussa, Fridoil et Boilat (Biondi 1987:95-96). Sous le premier gouvernorat de Faidherbe (1854-1861) débute un processus de laïcisation avec la création de l’École des Otages en 1856. Cette école, connue plus tard sous le nom d’École des Fils de Chefs, devait servir à la formation des enfants de l’aristocratie locale déjà vaincue, dans un esprit 5-Seck.pmd 11/12/2009, 19:44 100 101 Seck : Esclavage et traite des esclaves dans les manuels de l’enseignement secondaire favorable à la France, pour en faire des auxiliaires dévoués de l’administration coloniale. Mais la fréquentation était faible malgré l’opération de charme qui consistait à maintenir l’enseignement en arabe à côté de la langue française. Pl
本文主要关注奴隶制和奴隶贸易问题，因为它已经在塞内加尔中学系统的历史课程中实施。它分析了从殖民时期到2004年发行的最后一个版本的这些节目的内容，并研究了它们与非洲历史学家迄今为止所产生的历史知识的联系。最后，本文还提出了一些与学术生产与学校教科书联系方式有关的方法论问题。在这方面，非洲历史学家倾向于用一种受害的方法来研究奴隶制问题，并避免强调当地的统治制度，如国内奴隶制和在非洲土地上制造俘虏，并注定要进行跨大西洋奴隶贸易。这种方法产生了“禁忌知识”，与殖民者为了驯化非洲人的思想而定义的知识相当。然而，越来越多的非洲历史学家正在调查非洲的奴隶制问题，尽管在一个相当敌对的环境中，新历史方法的持有者有时被描述为非洲事业的叛徒。非洲社区比以往任何时候都更有必要把能够帮助澄清问题和打破暴力、边缘化和贫穷的恶性循环的基本信息和知识纳入其子女的教育。L ' histoire et son enseignement dans le contcontescolonial, La premiires扮成ssamnacimale, L ' École mutuelle de Saint-Louis，在1817年扮成Jean Dard。在勃艮第学院，我们的行政长官，我们的行政长官，我们的行政长官，我们的行政长官，我们的行政长官，我们的行政长官，我们的行政长官，我们的行政长官，我们的行政长官，我们的行政长官，我们的职业，我们的职业。3 .在非洲，有两个办法:1 .在非洲，有三个办法:1 .在非洲，有三个办法:1 .在非洲，有三个办法:1 .在非洲，有三个办法:我们的方案是将所有的<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1>和其他的<s:1> <s:1>和其他的。Ensuite, s ' implant<e:1> les religieuses: L ' École de la congr<s:1> des Sœurs de Saint-Joseph de Cluny pour les filles, en 1826;L ' École des frires de Ploërmel pour les garcons, en 1841;ssamenachiale学院，1843年，关于三个总理的指示prêtres ssamenachiale: ssamenachiale: Moussa, Fridoil和Boilat (Biondi 1987:95-96)。费得尔贝总督(1854-1861)在1856年的一次会议上宣布了他的任期。cete samade, conue plus ard sous le nom d ' École des Fils de Chefs, devit servir formation des enfants de l ' aristoc贵族地区dsamfants vaaincue, dans un esprit 5-Seck。[pmd] 2009年11月12日，19:44 100 101 sech:在法国建立第二级有利的行政管理系统，建立辅助的行政管理系统，建立辅助的行政管理系统。我的工作是:我的工作是:我的职业是:我的职业是:我的职业是:我的职业是:我的职业是:我的职业是:我的职业是:我的职业是:我的职业是:我的职业是:再加上，我的“<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1>”和“法语国家的进步”都是指我的“<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1>政变”。1903年，欧内斯特·鲁姆(Ernest Roume)与法国<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1>行政管理系统(unsystem) <s:1>行政管理系统(sscolaire)达成协议，要求退休的<s:1>行政管理系统(isrs)。“新结构”是指综合的、初步的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的、与其他的。Enfin, l ' École Normale <e:1>圣路易斯格式，pour toute l ' aof, des institute et le人事行政副院长。Elle血清受让人戈雷苏勒笔名d并正威廉Ponty d财产,然后联合国cursus三排,sortaient des instituteurs组织et des auxiliaires并让一个医学院的账户en 1918。第二阶段的<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -将所有的<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1>世界第二次Guerre - mondiale和même - au-del - com合并，将所有的<s:1> <s:1> des调整为连续的arrêtés de 1903。Cette«LoiCadre»de l ' enciciement, don ' empreinte sametement, not l ' empreinte sametement, not l ' empreinte sametement, porte la signature d ' ernest Roume, mais elle est l ' œuvre de Camille Guy, unprofessor agrgire quire, aprrous avoir enseignespendant and de dix ans dans unlycacement, fut appelise au ministre des Colonies en 1895 pour en diriger le service gsamographique。一九二二年十月，《ssamnacimade -gouverneur》(Bouche 2007:1055-1070)。这些系统，如精神上的同化，在本质上的目标上的超越，在项目上的本质上的超越，在项
{"title":"Esclavage et traite des esclaves dans les manuels de l’enseignement secondaire du Sénégal","authors":"I. Seck","doi":"10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0177","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the issue of slavery and the slave trade as it has been implemented in the History programs of the secondary school system in Senegal. It analyzes the contents of those programs throughout the colonial period up to their last version issued in 2004, and looks at their connections with the historical knowledge so far produced by African historians. Last but not least, this paper also raises some methodological issues related to the way of linking Academic production with school textbooks. African historians have, in the part, favored a victimizing approach to the issue of slavery and have eschewed to highlight the local systems of domination such as domestic slavery and the making of captives on African soil and destined to the Transatlantic slave trade. This approach has generated ‘forbidden knowledge’ comparable to what the colonizers have defined in order to domesticate African minds. Nevertheless, an increasing number of African historians are investigating the issue of slavery in Africa despite a quite hostile environment where the holders of the new historical approach are sometimes depicted as traitors to the African cause. The African communities have, more than ever before, a vested interest in integrating into the education of their children, essential information and knowledge that can assist in clarifying issues and breaking the vicious cycles of violence, marginalization and poverty. L’histoire et son enseignement dans le contexte colonial La première école coloniale au Sénégal, l’École mutuelle de Saint-Louis, a été fondée en 1817 par Jean Dard. Ce dernier était un instituteur venu de Bourgogne avec le gouverneur Schmaltz dans le cadre du retour de la colonie aux Français après la deuxième occupation anglaise. La méthode pédagogique utilisée alors n’était pas inconnue des Africains : les écoliers ‘avancés’ servaient de moniteurs aux autres sous la direction du maître. Les programmes étaient dispensés en français et en wolof. Ensuite, s’implantèrent les écoles religieuses : L’École de la congrégation des Sœurs de Saint-Joseph de Cluny pour les filles, en 1826 ; L’École des Frères de Ploërmel pour les garçons, en 1841; Le Collège du Sénégal, en 1843, sous la direction des trois premiers prêtres sénégalais : les abbés Moussa, Fridoil et Boilat (Biondi 1987:95-96). Sous le premier gouvernorat de Faidherbe (1854-1861) débute un processus de laïcisation avec la création de l’École des Otages en 1856. Cette école, connue plus tard sous le nom d’École des Fils de Chefs, devait servir à la formation des enfants de l’aristocratie locale déjà vaincue, dans un esprit 5-Seck.pmd 11/12/2009, 19:44 100 101 Seck : Esclavage et traite des esclaves dans les manuels de l’enseignement secondaire favorable à la France, pour en faire des auxiliaires dévoués de l’administration coloniale. Mais la fréquentation était faible malgré l’opération de charme qui consistait à maintenir l’enseignement en arabe à côté de la langue française. Pl","PeriodicalId":52851,"journal":{"name":"Les","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77024763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-21DOI: 10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0331
Marie-Albane de Suremain, É. Mesnard
{"title":"Dernières publications des auteurs","authors":"Marie-Albane de Suremain, É. Mesnard","doi":"10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52851,"journal":{"name":"Les","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87827992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-21DOI: 10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0289
Cristina V. Masferrer León
{"title":"Racisme et afro-descendance à l’école primaire au Mexique","authors":"Cristina V. Masferrer León","doi":"10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/kart.desu.2021.01.0289","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52851,"journal":{"name":"Les","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83195857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.26614/LES-WOOD.2020.V69N02A11
Primož Oven
Prof. dr. dr. h.c. Nikolaj Torelli je konec leta 2020 postal zaslužni profesor Univerze v Ljubljani. Naziv zaslužna profesorica in zaslužni profesor Univerza v Ljubljani podeljuje upokojenim profesoricam in profesorjem za prepoznaven prispevek pri delovanju, ugledu in razvoju Univerze v Ljubljani. V prispevku predstavljamo zaslužnega profesorja in njegovo delo.
{"title":"Zaslužni profesor, prof. dr. dr. h.c. Niko Torelli","authors":"Primož Oven","doi":"10.26614/LES-WOOD.2020.V69N02A11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26614/LES-WOOD.2020.V69N02A11","url":null,"abstract":"Prof. dr. dr. h.c. Nikolaj Torelli je konec leta 2020 postal zaslužni profesor Univerze v Ljubljani. Naziv zaslužna profesorica in zaslužni profesor Univerza v Ljubljani podeljuje upokojenim profesoricam in profesorjem za prepoznaven prispevek pri delovanju, ugledu in razvoju Univerze v Ljubljani. V prispevku predstavljamo zaslužnega profesorja in njegovo delo.","PeriodicalId":52851,"journal":{"name":"Les","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47559950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.26614/les-wood.2020.v69n02a12
L. Oblak
{"title":"Prof. Dr. Lidija Zadnik Stirn received the prestigious »Donald Michie - Alan Turing« award","authors":"L. Oblak","doi":"10.26614/les-wood.2020.v69n02a12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26614/les-wood.2020.v69n02a12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52851,"journal":{"name":"Les","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45648912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.26614/les-wood.2020.v69n02a14
K. Čufar, B. Lesar
{"title":"13th annual meeting of the alumni club of the Department of Wood Science and Technology BF UL","authors":"K. Čufar, B. Lesar","doi":"10.26614/les-wood.2020.v69n02a14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26614/les-wood.2020.v69n02a14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52851,"journal":{"name":"Les","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49060061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.26614/les-wood.2020.v69n02a13
M. Humar, V. Vek
{"title":"Eli Keržič was awarded as the best M.Sc. student of the Biotechnical Faculty in 2019","authors":"M. Humar, V. Vek","doi":"10.26614/les-wood.2020.v69n02a13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26614/les-wood.2020.v69n02a13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52851,"journal":{"name":"Les","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46143871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.26614/les-wood.2020.v69n02a08
Milan Šernek, Vanja Turičnik, Rožle Repič, Bogdan Šega
Odpadne plastike je čedalje več, zato poskušamo najti različne načine njenega recikliranja in ponovne uporabe. Reciklirani termoplastični polimeri predstavljajo zanimiv potencial za izdelavo lepil, zato je bil cilj naše preliminarne raziskave proučiti primernost odpadnega polistirena za izdelavo lepil za lepljenje lesa. Lepilne mešanice smo izdelali tako, da smo odpadne polistirenske lončke (L) in žličke (Ž) za kavo razrezali na manjše koščke in jih ločeno raztopili v 5 različnih topil: butil acetat (BA), dimetilformamid (DMF), tetrahidrofuran (THF), limonen (L) in aceton (AC). Z njimi smo izdelali lepljence iz dveh bukovih lamel (Fagus sylvatica L.), ki smo jih 10 minut stiskali v hidravlični stiskalnici pri temperaturi 150 °C in tlaku 12 barov. Za ugotavljanje kakovosti zlepljenosti smo izvedli strižni preizkus z univerzalnim testirnim strojem Zwick/Roell Z005. Ugotovili smo, da so preizkušanci, zlepljeni z lepilno mešanico Ž-DMF, dosegli povprečno strižno trdnost 6,5 N/mm2, preizkušanci, zlepljeni z L-DMF, pa 3,8 N/mm2. Vsi ostali preizkušanci so izkazovali nižjo trdnost lepilnega spoja oziroma so večinoma razpadli že po vročem stiskanju ali kasneje med žaganjem v preizkušance. V nadaljnjih raziskavah bomo obetajoči lepilni mešanici modificirali in optimizirali parametre stiskanja z namenom doseganja kakovosti zlepljenosti, ki ustreza standardnim zahtevam za plastomerna lepila za notranjo uporabo.
{"title":"Uporaba odpadne plastike za izdelavo lepil za lepljenje lesa","authors":"Milan Šernek, Vanja Turičnik, Rožle Repič, Bogdan Šega","doi":"10.26614/les-wood.2020.v69n02a08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26614/les-wood.2020.v69n02a08","url":null,"abstract":"Odpadne plastike je čedalje več, zato poskušamo najti različne načine njenega recikliranja in ponovne uporabe. Reciklirani termoplastični polimeri predstavljajo zanimiv potencial za izdelavo lepil, zato je bil cilj naše preliminarne raziskave proučiti primernost odpadnega polistirena za izdelavo lepil za lepljenje lesa. Lepilne mešanice smo izdelali tako, da smo odpadne polistirenske lončke (L) in žličke (Ž) za kavo razrezali na manjše koščke in jih ločeno raztopili v 5 različnih topil: butil acetat (BA), dimetilformamid (DMF), tetrahidrofuran (THF), limonen (L) in aceton (AC). Z njimi smo izdelali lepljence iz dveh bukovih lamel (Fagus sylvatica L.), ki smo jih 10 minut stiskali v hidravlični stiskalnici pri temperaturi 150 °C in tlaku 12 barov. Za ugotavljanje kakovosti zlepljenosti smo izvedli strižni preizkus z univerzalnim testirnim strojem Zwick/Roell Z005. Ugotovili smo, da so preizkušanci, zlepljeni z lepilno mešanico Ž-DMF, dosegli povprečno strižno trdnost 6,5 N/mm2, preizkušanci, zlepljeni z L-DMF, pa 3,8 N/mm2. Vsi ostali preizkušanci so izkazovali nižjo trdnost lepilnega spoja oziroma so večinoma razpadli že po vročem stiskanju ali kasneje med žaganjem v preizkušance. V nadaljnjih raziskavah bomo obetajoči lepilni mešanici modificirali in optimizirali parametre stiskanja z namenom doseganja kakovosti zlepljenosti, ki ustreza standardnim zahtevam za plastomerna lepila za notranjo uporabo.","PeriodicalId":52851,"journal":{"name":"Les","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41684285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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