Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.47197/retos.v50.99698
Ricardo Martins
The effects of combined training (CE) on athletic performance are well established, as is the potential of low-volume exercise on physical fitness. However, the efficacy of low-volume CT on measures of physical fitness requires further investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of 6-week low-volume CT on muscle power, muscle strength, and maximal aerobic power (Wmax). Eighteen healthy and active young adult men (mean ± SD, 20.06 ± 1.66 years; 22.23 ± 2.76 kg/m2) underwent low-volume CE (GE, n=9) or maintained a normal life (GC, n=9). The EC was composed of strength training (EF), 2 series of 3 exercises with 80 to 85% 1RM) followed by high intensity interval training (HIIT), 5 series of 60'' with 95% Wmax). Measurements of jump height, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in bench press and back squat, Wmax, and internal load were obtained before and after training for analysis. In addition, an ANOVA test of repeated measures and paired samples with p ≤ 0.05 was used. The main results demonstrated that the low volume CT increased jump height (p ≤ 0.05), bench press and back squat 1RM (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and Wmax (p ≤ 0.01). , despite the fact that the internal load did not have significant differences between weeks (p > 0.05). For active young adults, low-volume CT is an effective and time-efficient strategy to improve jump height, bench press and squat 1RM, and Wmax without increasing internal load. Keywords: Exercise, Concurrent training, Physical fitness, Performance, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Untrained.
{"title":"Effects of 6 Weeks of Low-Volume Combined Training on Muscle Power, Muscular Strength, and Aerobic Power in Active Young Adults","authors":"Ricardo Martins","doi":"10.47197/retos.v50.99698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99698","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of combined training (CE) on athletic performance are well established, as is the potential of low-volume exercise on physical fitness. However, the efficacy of low-volume CT on measures of physical fitness requires further investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of 6-week low-volume CT on muscle power, muscle strength, and maximal aerobic power (Wmax). Eighteen healthy and active young adult men (mean ± SD, 20.06 ± 1.66 years; 22.23 ± 2.76 kg/m2) underwent low-volume CE (GE, n=9) or maintained a normal life (GC, n=9). The EC was composed of strength training (EF), 2 series of 3 exercises with 80 to 85% 1RM) followed by high intensity interval training (HIIT), 5 series of 60'' with 95% Wmax). Measurements of jump height, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in bench press and back squat, Wmax, and internal load were obtained before and after training for analysis. In addition, an ANOVA test of repeated measures and paired samples with p ≤ 0.05 was used. The main results demonstrated that the low volume CT increased jump height (p ≤ 0.05), bench press and back squat 1RM (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and Wmax (p ≤ 0.01). , despite the fact that the internal load did not have significant differences between weeks (p > 0.05). For active young adults, low-volume CT is an effective and time-efficient strategy to improve jump height, bench press and squat 1RM, and Wmax without increasing internal load.\u0000Keywords: Exercise, Concurrent training, Physical fitness, Performance, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Untrained.","PeriodicalId":52896,"journal":{"name":"Retos de la Direccion","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80920964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.47197/retos.v50.99302
Armando Monterrosa Quintero
In sports and taekwondo in particular, it is of interest to understand the impact of sociodemographic and physical factors of athletes during this period, as well as their impact on psychological health. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical activity levels, demographic factors, and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown in Taekwondo athletes. Seventy-eight male Taekwondo athletes (35 ± 14.6 years) at national and international levels participated in an online survey during the COVID-19 Lockdown period in September 2020. The factors analyzed included expertise, socioeconomic status, education, and physical activity levels. The main findings of this study indicated that university education level was significantly associated with both well-being and lower distress (χ2 = 7.0; p = 0.03). Similarly, athletes with a moderate level of physical activity showed a significant association with their state of well-being (χ2 = 7.0; p = 0.03) and absence of distress (χ2 = 10.5; p = 0.00). However, no significant associations were found between technical level and age category with well-being or distress. Our findings showed that the lockdown negatively affected both total physical activity levels and psychological well-being in Colombian Taekwondo Athletes. A higher educational level allows for a greater understanding of the situations presented during the pandemic, and the level of physical activity is a determinant of the mental health of athletes. Keywords: public health, SARS-CoV-2, martial arts, mental health.
{"title":"Impact of social and physical factors on psychological well-being under covid-19 lockdown in taekwondo athletes: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Armando Monterrosa Quintero","doi":"10.47197/retos.v50.99302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99302","url":null,"abstract":" In sports and taekwondo in particular, it is of interest to understand the impact of sociodemographic and physical factors of athletes during this period, as well as their impact on psychological health. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical activity levels, demographic factors, and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown in Taekwondo athletes. Seventy-eight male Taekwondo athletes (35 ± 14.6 years) at national and international levels participated in an online survey during the COVID-19 Lockdown period in September 2020. The factors analyzed included expertise, socioeconomic status, education, and physical activity levels. The main findings of this study indicated that university education level was significantly associated with both well-being and lower distress (χ2 = 7.0; p = 0.03). Similarly, athletes with a moderate level of physical activity showed a significant association with their state of well-being (χ2 = 7.0; p = 0.03) and absence of distress (χ2 = 10.5; p = 0.00). However, no significant associations were found between technical level and age category with well-being or distress. Our findings showed that the lockdown negatively affected both total physical activity levels and psychological well-being in Colombian Taekwondo Athletes. A higher educational level allows for a greater understanding of the situations presented during the pandemic, and the level of physical activity is a determinant of the mental health of athletes.\u0000Keywords: public health, SARS-CoV-2, martial arts, mental health.","PeriodicalId":52896,"journal":{"name":"Retos de la Direccion","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81184825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.47197/retos.v50.99862
Alixon Reyes
Este trabajo reporta un enfoque cualitativo a partir de un estudio de caso simple de diseño incrustado analizando la modificación de la conducta lúdica infantil en pandemia y confinamiento por COVID-19. Se trabajó con una muestra intencional de dos niños en Chillán, Chile, habida cuenta la manifestación de situaciones similares a un cuadro de adaptación con síntomas de estrés postraumático. El estudio consideró las nociones de tiempo y hábitos de juego, y modificación de tales hábitos en el período transcurrido entre marzo de 2020 y febrero de 2021, en tres contextos de estudio: a) período estacional (desde el otoño 2020 hasta el verano 2020-2021); b) fases 1 y 2 de cuarentena y transición en la comuna de Chillán, y, c) el período vacacional y período escolar. Se hizo observación directa por intermedio de los padres, y entrevistas según el contexto de estudio. Como resultados se tiene que el fenómeno del juego y las experiencias lúdicas de los niños se modificaron por la pandemia y el confinamiento, atendiendo a las situacionalidades estudiadas. Tales modificaciones son particulares según cada contexto, además de potenciar un apoyo relevante al incorporarse los padres en las experiencias lúdicas. Los niños se afianzan en el juego como manifestación de soporte emocional. Palabras clave: Hábitos de juego, infancia, modificación de conducta lúdica, pandemia, tiempo de juego. Abstract. This paper reports a qualitative approach from a simple embedded design case study analyzing the modification of children's play behavior in pandemic and confinement by COVID-19. We worked with a purposive sample of two children in Chillán, Chile, taking in to account the manifestation of situations similar to an adaptation picture with post-traumatic stress symptoms. The study considered the notions of time and play habits, and modification of such habits in the period between March 2020 and February 2021, in three study contexts: a) seasonal period (from autumn 2020 to summer 2020-2021); b) phases 1 and 2 of quarantine and transition in the commune of Chillán, and, c) the vacation period and school period. Direct observation was made through parents, and interviews according to the study context. The results show that the phenomenon of play and the children's ludic experiences were modified by the pandemic and confinement, according to the situations studied. Such modifications are particular according to each context, in addition to enhancing a relevant support when parents are incorporated in the play experiences. The children are anchored in the game as a manifestation of emotional support. Keywords: Play habits, childhood, play behavior modification, pandemic, play time.
{"title":"Juego infantil en tiempos de pandemia y confinamiento. Un estudio de caso (Children's play in times of pandemic and confinement. A case study)","authors":"Alixon Reyes","doi":"10.47197/retos.v50.99862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99862","url":null,"abstract":"Este trabajo reporta un enfoque cualitativo a partir de un estudio de caso simple de diseño incrustado analizando la modificación de la conducta lúdica infantil en pandemia y confinamiento por COVID-19. Se trabajó con una muestra intencional de dos niños en Chillán, Chile, habida cuenta la manifestación de situaciones similares a un cuadro de adaptación con síntomas de estrés postraumático. El estudio consideró las nociones de tiempo y hábitos de juego, y modificación de tales hábitos en el período transcurrido entre marzo de 2020 y febrero de 2021, en tres contextos de estudio: a) período estacional (desde el otoño 2020 hasta el verano 2020-2021); b) fases 1 y 2 de cuarentena y transición en la comuna de Chillán, y, c) el período vacacional y período escolar. Se hizo observación directa por intermedio de los padres, y entrevistas según el contexto de estudio. Como resultados se tiene que el fenómeno del juego y las experiencias lúdicas de los niños se modificaron por la pandemia y el confinamiento, atendiendo a las situacionalidades estudiadas. Tales modificaciones son particulares según cada contexto, además de potenciar un apoyo relevante al incorporarse los padres en las experiencias lúdicas. Los niños se afianzan en el juego como manifestación de soporte emocional.\u0000Palabras clave: Hábitos de juego, infancia, modificación de conducta lúdica, pandemia, tiempo de juego.\u0000Abstract. This paper reports a qualitative approach from a simple embedded design case study analyzing the modification of children's play behavior in pandemic and confinement by COVID-19. We worked with a purposive sample of two children in Chillán, Chile, taking in to account the manifestation of situations similar to an adaptation picture with post-traumatic stress symptoms. The study considered the notions of time and play habits, and modification of such habits in the period between March 2020 and February 2021, in three study contexts: a) seasonal period (from autumn 2020 to summer 2020-2021); b) phases 1 and 2 of quarantine and transition in the commune of Chillán, and, c) the vacation period and school period. Direct observation was made through parents, and interviews according to the study context. The results show that the phenomenon of play and the children's ludic experiences were modified by the pandemic and confinement, according to the situations studied. Such modifications are particular according to each context, in addition to enhancing a relevant support when parents are incorporated in the play experiences. The children are anchored in the game as a manifestation of emotional support.\u0000Keywords: Play habits, childhood, play behavior modification, pandemic, play time.","PeriodicalId":52896,"journal":{"name":"Retos de la Direccion","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72507131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.47197/retos.v50.98816
Ice Irawati
This study aims to describe the factors that influence health problems among traditional fishermen in Batam City, Indonesian. The research design used in this study is a cross-sectional study. The population of this study totaled 5,739 fishermen, with a total sample size of 285 taken using proportional sampling. Data collection using a questionnaire was carried out in September–December 2022. Data analysis used the chi-squared statistical test with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software. Results of the study This is the relationship between age, gender, education, years of service, length of work, fishermen's organisation, income, fishermen's insurance, health behaviour, work environment, and lifestyle in Occupational Health Problems. Keywords: Traditional Fishermen, Occupational Health Problems
{"title":"Occupational Health Model for Traditional Fishermen in Batam City, Indonesia","authors":"Ice Irawati","doi":"10.47197/retos.v50.98816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.98816","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to describe the factors that influence health problems among traditional fishermen in Batam City, Indonesian. The research design used in this study is a cross-sectional study. The population of this study totaled 5,739 fishermen, with a total sample size of 285 taken using proportional sampling. Data collection using a questionnaire was carried out in September–December 2022. Data analysis used the chi-squared statistical test with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software. Results of the study This is the relationship between age, gender, education, years of service, length of work, fishermen's organisation, income, fishermen's insurance, health behaviour, work environment, and lifestyle in Occupational Health Problems.\u0000Keywords: Traditional Fishermen, Occupational Health Problems","PeriodicalId":52896,"journal":{"name":"Retos de la Direccion","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80889910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.47197/retos.v50.99587
Franklin Castillo-Retamal, Joan Martínez-Riquelme, Víctor Navarrete-Manso, Damián Pacheco-Parra, Luis Raasch-Fuentes, E. Merellano-Navarro
El periodo de pandemia por Covid-19 generó diversos problemas a nivel educativo, afectando directamente en el aprendizaje de la población estudiantil. Desde la esfera de la educación superior, el objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la percepción de los estudiantes de Educación Física de una Universidad de centro sur de Chile respecto al retorno presencial a clases. La metodología es de carácter cuantitativa en la que se utilizó un cuestionario como herramienta de recolección de datos y fue aplicado a 101 estudiantes de ingreso 2019, 2020 y 2021 durante los meses de agosto y septiembre de 2022. Los resultados indican que gran parte de los sujetos han adquirido el hábito de la procrastinación (58,2%) y, por otro lado, un 61,2% tuvo una muy buena o buena adaptación a las herramientas tecnológicas. Se concluye que un aspecto fuertemente afectado fue la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades físicas propias del área, sin embargo, el regreso a la presencialidad ha permitido una mayor y mejor adquisición de las mismas. Uno de los hábitos adquiridos por la mayoría de los sujetos es la procrastinación, adoptado por los factores que emergieron a partir de las exigencias propias del confinamiento. Palabras clave: Educación Física, estudiante universitario, formación, pandemia. Abstract. The period of the Covid-19 pandemic generated various problems at the educational level, directly affecting the learning of the student population. From the sphere of higher education, the objective of this work was to know the perception of Physical Education students from a university in the south-central Chile regarding the face-to-face return to classes. The methodology is of a quantitative nature in which a questionnaire was used as a data collection tool and was applied to 101 students entering 2021, 2020 and 2019 during the months of August and September 2022. The results indicate that a large part of the subjects have acquired the habit of procrastination (58.2%) and, on the other hand, 61.2% had a very good or good adaptation to technological tools. It is concluded that a strongly affected aspect was the acquisition of knowledge and physical skills typical of the area, however, the return to face-to-face has allowed a greater and better acquisition of them. One of the habits acquired by most of the subjects is procrastination, adopted by the factors that emerged from the demands of confinement. Key words: Physical Education, university students, training, Pandemics.
{"title":"Percepción de estudiantes de Educación Física respecto al retorno a clases presenciales post confinamiento (Perception of the students of Physical Education regarding the return to face-to-face classes post confinement)","authors":"Franklin Castillo-Retamal, Joan Martínez-Riquelme, Víctor Navarrete-Manso, Damián Pacheco-Parra, Luis Raasch-Fuentes, E. Merellano-Navarro","doi":"10.47197/retos.v50.99587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99587","url":null,"abstract":"El periodo de pandemia por Covid-19 generó diversos problemas a nivel educativo, afectando directamente en el aprendizaje de la población estudiantil. Desde la esfera de la educación superior, el objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la percepción de los estudiantes de Educación Física de una Universidad de centro sur de Chile respecto al retorno presencial a clases. La metodología es de carácter cuantitativa en la que se utilizó un cuestionario como herramienta de recolección de datos y fue aplicado a 101 estudiantes de ingreso 2019, 2020 y 2021 durante los meses de agosto y septiembre de 2022. Los resultados indican que gran parte de los sujetos han adquirido el hábito de la procrastinación (58,2%) y, por otro lado, un 61,2% tuvo una muy buena o buena adaptación a las herramientas tecnológicas. Se concluye que un aspecto fuertemente afectado fue la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades físicas propias del área, sin embargo, el regreso a la presencialidad ha permitido una mayor y mejor adquisición de las mismas. Uno de los hábitos adquiridos por la mayoría de los sujetos es la procrastinación, adoptado por los factores que emergieron a partir de las exigencias propias del confinamiento.\u0000Palabras clave: Educación Física, estudiante universitario, formación, pandemia.\u0000Abstract. The period of the Covid-19 pandemic generated various problems at the educational level, directly affecting the learning of the student population. From the sphere of higher education, the objective of this work was to know the perception of Physical Education students from a university in the south-central Chile regarding the face-to-face return to classes. The methodology is of a quantitative nature in which a questionnaire was used as a data collection tool and was applied to 101 students entering 2021, 2020 and 2019 during the months of August and September 2022. The results indicate that a large part of the subjects have acquired the habit of procrastination (58.2%) and, on the other hand, 61.2% had a very good or good adaptation to technological tools. It is concluded that a strongly affected aspect was the acquisition of knowledge and physical skills typical of the area, however, the return to face-to-face has allowed a greater and better acquisition of them. One of the habits acquired by most of the subjects is procrastination, adopted by the factors that emerged from the demands of confinement.\u0000Key words: Physical Education, university students, training, Pandemics.","PeriodicalId":52896,"journal":{"name":"Retos de la Direccion","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86048216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.47197/retos.v50.99306
J. Branco, A. Azevedo, Paulo Eira, R. Ribeiro
Introdução: A evolução da modalidade de Andebol tem promovido a sua complexificação, pelo que os treinadores tentam atenuar os efeitos que a diversidade de variáveis poderá causar na obtenção do sucesso das suas equipas. Assim, a criação de um plano estratégico para cada jogo ultrapassa os campos teórico e ideológico do treinador. Objetivos: Aferir acerca da perceção dos treinadores no que concerne a fatores influenciadores e inibidores da opção pelo desenvolvimento de ações em superioridade numérica 7x6. Métodos: Foi concebido um guião de entrevista semiestruturada, cujas categorias foram definidas a priori. Resultados: A utilização das ações em superioridade numérica 7x6 deve-se às dificuldades sentidas na criação de situações de finalização em igualdade 6x6, à necessidade de baixar o ritmo de jogo e de diminuir o contacto entre os defensores e os atletas da primeira linha ofensiva e à necessidade de contrariar sistemas defensivos profundos com marcação individual. Os entrevistados restringem ou inibem a utilização das ações 7x6 pela insuficiência de volume e frequência de treino das mesmas, pela sua utilização em momentos nos quais o resultado se encontra equilibrado ou frente a equipas rápidas a explorar as várias formas de transição ofensivas. Conclusões: Dada a incerteza do contexto de competição, não existe uma fórmula específica para tentar resolver os detalhes que o jogo desvenda. Os entrevistados consideram a tomada de decisão fundamental para o sucesso. A forma como o treinador analisa o comportamento da sua equipa e o da equipa adversária exerce influência nas decisões tomadas pelos atletas. Palavras-chave: Andebol; Estratégia; Jogo em superioridade numérica; Organização; Treinadores.
{"title":"Fatores influenciadores e inibidores do desenvolvimento de ações ofensivas em superioridade numérica 7x6 em Andebol","authors":"J. Branco, A. Azevedo, Paulo Eira, R. Ribeiro","doi":"10.47197/retos.v50.99306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99306","url":null,"abstract":"Introdução: A evolução da modalidade de Andebol tem promovido a sua complexificação, pelo que os treinadores tentam atenuar os efeitos que a diversidade de variáveis poderá causar na obtenção do sucesso das suas equipas. Assim, a criação de um plano estratégico para cada jogo ultrapassa os campos teórico e ideológico do treinador. Objetivos: Aferir acerca da perceção dos treinadores no que concerne a fatores influenciadores e inibidores da opção pelo desenvolvimento de ações em superioridade numérica 7x6. Métodos: Foi concebido um guião de entrevista semiestruturada, cujas categorias foram definidas a priori. Resultados: A utilização das ações em superioridade numérica 7x6 deve-se às dificuldades sentidas na criação de situações de finalização em igualdade 6x6, à necessidade de baixar o ritmo de jogo e de diminuir o contacto entre os defensores e os atletas da primeira linha ofensiva e à necessidade de contrariar sistemas defensivos profundos com marcação individual. Os entrevistados restringem ou inibem a utilização das ações 7x6 pela insuficiência de volume e frequência de treino das mesmas, pela sua utilização em momentos nos quais o resultado se encontra equilibrado ou frente a equipas rápidas a explorar as várias formas de transição ofensivas. Conclusões: Dada a incerteza do contexto de competição, não existe uma fórmula específica para tentar resolver os detalhes que o jogo desvenda. Os entrevistados consideram a tomada de decisão fundamental para o sucesso. A forma como o treinador analisa o comportamento da sua equipa e o da equipa adversária exerce influência nas decisões tomadas pelos atletas.\u0000Palavras-chave: Andebol; Estratégia; Jogo em superioridade numérica; Organização; Treinadores.","PeriodicalId":52896,"journal":{"name":"Retos de la Direccion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79806784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.47197/retos.v50.98904
María Pilar Founaud-Cabeza, Sara Martín-Forcadell, Inma Canales-Lacruz
Conocer la vivencia emocional del alumnado durante las clases de Educación Física ha adquirido una gran importancia tras la publicación de los nuevos currículos educativos detallados en la Ley Orgánica para la Mejora de la Ley Orgánica de Educación. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la vivencia emocional del alumnado de Educación Primaria en las clases de Educación Física al situarlos en situaciones motrices de diferentes dominios de acción motriz, y además analizar si el género del alumnado ha determinado su vivencia. Mediante el uso del cuestionario Games and Emotions Scale for Children (GES-C) se recogieron los datos de 86 estudiantes de Educación Primaria tras la vivencia de situaciones motrices enmarcadas en diferentes dominios de acción motriz. Los resultados concluyeron que la vivencia de la acción motriz del alumnado produce emociones positivas más que negativas, y con mayor intensidad en chicas que en chicos, obteniendo en esta variable significación estadística. Sin embargo, en relación a los distintos dominios de acción motriz, se observó que cada uno de ellos produjo una experiencia emocional diferente en los estudiantes. No obstante, no se puede concluir que los dominios de acción motriz sea una variable determinante en sí misma de las emociones experimentadas por el alumnado. Palabras clave: Educación física; Educación Primaria; habilidades motoras; relación interpersonal; deporte de niños; sentimientos. Abstract. Knowing the emotional experience of students during Physical Education classes has gained great importance after the publication of the new educational curricula. Understanding this experience in the context of motor action means taking the most relevant and specific point of view. The aim of this study was to understand the emotional experience of primary education students during Physical Education classes by placing them in motor situations with different internal logics and analyzing whether the student's gender has determined their experience. The data was collected from a sample of 86 primary education students using the Games and Emotions Scale for Children (GES-C) questionnaire after experiencing motor situations within different domains of motor action. The results concluded that the motor experience of students elicits more positive than negative emotions, with a greater intensity in girls than in boys, achieving statistical significance in this variable. However, regarding the different domains of motor action, it was observed that each of them generated a distinct emotional experience in the students. Nevertheless, it cannot be concluded that the domains of motor action are a determining variable in and of themselves for the emotions experienced by the students. Key words: Physical Education; Primary Schools; Motor Skills; Interpersonal Relation; Children's Sports; feelings
在《教育组织法改进组织法》中详细介绍的新教育课程公布后，了解学生在体育课上的情感体验变得非常重要。本研究的目的是了解小学生在体育课上的情绪体验，将他们置于不同运动动作领域的运动情境中，并分析学生的性别是否决定了他们的情绪体验。本研究采用儿童游戏与情绪量表(g - en - c)的方法，对86名小学生在不同运动动作领域的运动情境进行调查。本研究的目的是评估学生在运动过程中所经历的情绪，并评估学生在运动过程中所经历的情绪。然而，对于不同的运动动作领域，观察到每个领域在学生中产生不同的情感体验。然而，不能得出这样的结论:运动动作领域本身就是学生情绪体验的决定变量。关键词:体育;小学教育;运动技能;人际关系;儿童运动;sentimientos.Abstract。在新的教育课程出版之后，了解学生在体育课上的情感体验变得非常重要。在运动手段的背景下理解这一经验，采取最相关和具体的观点。本研究的目的是了解小学学生在体育课上的情绪体验，将他们置于具有不同内在逻辑的运动情境中，并分析学生的性别是否决定了他们的体验。数据收集自86名小学学生在经历不同运动领域的运动情境后，使用儿童游戏和情绪量表(g - c)问卷的样本。结果表明，学生的运动体验产生的积极情绪多于消极情绪，女孩的强度大于男孩，这一变量具有统计学意义。然而，从不同的运动领域来看，每一种运动都在学生中产生了不同的情感体验。然而，不能得出这样的结论:运动动作的领域是学生所经历的情绪的决定性变量。关键词:体育;初级学校;发动机技能;关于人际关系;儿童体育;着
{"title":"Emociones, acción motriz y género en el alumnado de Educación Física de Primaria (Emotions, motor action ande gender in Physical Education students in Primary)","authors":"María Pilar Founaud-Cabeza, Sara Martín-Forcadell, Inma Canales-Lacruz","doi":"10.47197/retos.v50.98904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.98904","url":null,"abstract":"Conocer la vivencia emocional del alumnado durante las clases de Educación Física ha adquirido una gran importancia tras la publicación de los nuevos currículos educativos detallados en la Ley Orgánica para la Mejora de la Ley Orgánica de Educación. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la vivencia emocional del alumnado de Educación Primaria en las clases de Educación Física al situarlos en situaciones motrices de diferentes dominios de acción motriz, y además analizar si el género del alumnado ha determinado su vivencia. Mediante el uso del cuestionario Games and Emotions Scale for Children (GES-C) se recogieron los datos de 86 estudiantes de Educación Primaria tras la vivencia de situaciones motrices enmarcadas en diferentes dominios de acción motriz. Los resultados concluyeron que la vivencia de la acción motriz del alumnado produce emociones positivas más que negativas, y con mayor intensidad en chicas que en chicos, obteniendo en esta variable significación estadística. Sin embargo, en relación a los distintos dominios de acción motriz, se observó que cada uno de ellos produjo una experiencia emocional diferente en los estudiantes. No obstante, no se puede concluir que los dominios de acción motriz sea una variable determinante en sí misma de las emociones experimentadas por el alumnado.\u0000Palabras clave: Educación física; Educación Primaria; habilidades motoras; relación interpersonal; deporte de niños; sentimientos.\u0000Abstract. Knowing the emotional experience of students during Physical Education classes has gained great importance after the publication of the new educational curricula. Understanding this experience in the context of motor action means taking the most relevant and specific point of view. The aim of this study was to understand the emotional experience of primary education students during Physical Education classes by placing them in motor situations with different internal logics and analyzing whether the student's gender has determined their experience. The data was collected from a sample of 86 primary education students using the Games and Emotions Scale for Children (GES-C) questionnaire after experiencing motor situations within different domains of motor action. The results concluded that the motor experience of students elicits more positive than negative emotions, with a greater intensity in girls than in boys, achieving statistical significance in this variable. However, regarding the different domains of motor action, it was observed that each of them generated a distinct emotional experience in the students. Nevertheless, it cannot be concluded that the domains of motor action are a determining variable in and of themselves for the emotions experienced by the students.\u0000Key words: Physical Education; Primary Schools; Motor Skills; Interpersonal Relation; Children's Sports; feelings","PeriodicalId":52896,"journal":{"name":"Retos de la Direccion","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79283904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.47197/retos.v50.96950
José Ramón Sanabria Navarro, Yahilina Silveira Pérez, W. N. Niebles Nuñez
Objetivos: El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la correlación entre las variables de la actividad física y el desempeño laboral, aplicado en entidades de la ciudad de Sincelejo, Colombia. La pregunta de investigación parte de cuestionar sobre ¿cómo se relacionan la actividad física con el desempeño laboral, en entidades de la ciudad de Sincelejo, Colombia? Material y métodos: El diseño metodológico pretendió comprobar la hipótesis (H1) de que la actividad física se correlaciona positivamente con el desempeño laboral en empresas de la ciudad objeto. En ese sentido, se realizó una revisión sistemática emergente de la literatura de gestión para verificar la relación entre actividad física y desempeño laboral. La metodología estuvo compuesta por un análisis bibliométrico de las categorías conceptuales con la utilización del Software bibliometrix. Posteriormente el diagnóstico de la investigación con el empleo del software estadístico SPSS 28.0 y por último el establecimiento del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales de actividad física para el desempeño laboral mediante el software SPSS AMOS 26. Resultados: Finalmente se comprueba la hipótesis de la investigación ya que la actividad física se correlaciona positivamente con el desempeño laboral de los miembros de la muestra, aunque en valores relativamente bajos. Discusión y conclusiones: En sentido general, las personas de la muestra no poseen una media alta en cuanto a la experiencia en la práctica de la actividad física, sin embargo, si la consideran importante para la obtención de mejores rendimientos laborales. Palabras clave: Actividad física, desempeño laboral, trabajadores Abstract. Objectives: The study aims to analyze the correlation between the variables of physical activity and job performance, applied in entities of the city of Sincelejo, Colombia. The research question starts from asking about how physical activity is related to job performance, in entities of the city of Sincelejo, Colombia? Material and methods: The methodological design sought to test the hypothesis (H1) that physical activity is positively correlated with job performance in companies in the target city. In this sense, an emerging systematic review of the management literature was carried out to verify the relationship between physical activity and job performance. The methodology was composed of a bibliometric analysis of the conceptual categories with the use of bibliometrix software. Subsequently, the diagnosis of the research with the use of the statistical software SPSS 28.0 and finally the establishment of the model of structural equations of physical activity for work performance using the SPSS AMOS 26 software. Results: Finally, the research hypothesis is verified since physical activity is positively correlated with the work performance of the members of the sample, although in relatively low values. Discussion and conclusions: In general, the people in the sample do not have a high average in terms of expe
{"title":"Correlación de la actividad física con desempeño laboral: una visión desde Sincelejo, Sucre (Correlation of physical activity with job performance: a view from Sincelejo, Sucre)","authors":"José Ramón Sanabria Navarro, Yahilina Silveira Pérez, W. N. Niebles Nuñez","doi":"10.47197/retos.v50.96950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.96950","url":null,"abstract":"Objetivos: El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la correlación entre las variables de la actividad física y el desempeño laboral, aplicado en entidades de la ciudad de Sincelejo, Colombia. La pregunta de investigación parte de cuestionar sobre ¿cómo se relacionan la actividad física con el desempeño laboral, en entidades de la ciudad de Sincelejo, Colombia? Material y métodos: El diseño metodológico pretendió comprobar la hipótesis (H1) de que la actividad física se correlaciona positivamente con el desempeño laboral en empresas de la ciudad objeto. En ese sentido, se realizó una revisión sistemática emergente de la literatura de gestión para verificar la relación entre actividad física y desempeño laboral. La metodología estuvo compuesta por un análisis bibliométrico de las categorías conceptuales con la utilización del Software bibliometrix. Posteriormente el diagnóstico de la investigación con el empleo del software estadístico SPSS 28.0 y por último el establecimiento del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales de actividad física para el desempeño laboral mediante el software SPSS AMOS 26. Resultados: Finalmente se comprueba la hipótesis de la investigación ya que la actividad física se correlaciona positivamente con el desempeño laboral de los miembros de la muestra, aunque en valores relativamente bajos. Discusión y conclusiones: En sentido general, las personas de la muestra no poseen una media alta en cuanto a la experiencia en la práctica de la actividad física, sin embargo, si la consideran importante para la obtención de mejores rendimientos laborales.\u0000Palabras clave: Actividad física, desempeño laboral, trabajadores\u0000Abstract. Objectives: The study aims to analyze the correlation between the variables of physical activity and job performance, applied in entities of the city of Sincelejo, Colombia. The research question starts from asking about how physical activity is related to job performance, in entities of the city of Sincelejo, Colombia? Material and methods: The methodological design sought to test the hypothesis (H1) that physical activity is positively correlated with job performance in companies in the target city. In this sense, an emerging systematic review of the management literature was carried out to verify the relationship between physical activity and job performance. The methodology was composed of a bibliometric analysis of the conceptual categories with the use of bibliometrix software. Subsequently, the diagnosis of the research with the use of the statistical software SPSS 28.0 and finally the establishment of the model of structural equations of physical activity for work performance using the SPSS AMOS 26 software. Results: Finally, the research hypothesis is verified since physical activity is positively correlated with the work performance of the members of the sample, although in relatively low values. Discussion and conclusions: In general, the people in the sample do not have a high average in terms of expe","PeriodicalId":52896,"journal":{"name":"Retos de la Direccion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82831284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.47197/retos.v50.93788
Rosario Mireya Romero Parra, Luis Andrés Barboza Arenas, Lorena C. Espina-Romero, Carlos Hernán Rodríguez Ángeles, Jorge Luis Romero Chacín, Eduardo Jesús Garcés Rosendo., José Antonio Faría Romero, Ricardo Iván Vértiz Osores
El estudio presenta como propósito comprobar los efectos de un gym neuróbico en el rendimiento académico de los alumnos universitarios en entornos virtuales del curso Seminario de Investigación de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Continental, en el ciclo académico II-2021. Por ello, se desarrolla bajo un paradigma cuantitativo con tipología experimental. La muestra la constituyen 80 estudiantes del curso de Seminario de Investigación. Teniendo en cuenta las medias aritméticas logradas en la preprueba de 12.39 y en la posprueba de 15.84, se observa un acrecentamiento revelador de 3.45 puntos en las medias de los alumnos del grupo con tratamiento experimental del curso referido, luego de haber desarrollado el tratamiento con el gym neuróbico como procedimiento experimental del estudio. Reafirmándose la hipótesis específica: El rendimiento académico de los alumnos del grupo experimental aumenta luego de la aplicación del tratamiento con el gym neuróbico atendiendo los puntajes de la preprueba y posprueba. Además, las derivaciones del estadístico t de Student de muestras afines con margen de significancia < 0.05 corroboran la hipótesis de investigación (HI). Por ello, se concluye que la implementación del gym neuróbico en las sesiones de clases optimiza el rendimiento académico de los alumnos del curso Seminario de Investigación universitarios en entornos virtuales. Palabras clave: ejercicios, gimnasia cerebral, neuróbico, neurociencia, rendimiento académico. Abstract. The purpose of this study is to test the effects of a neurobic gym on the academic performance of university students in virtual environments of the Research Seminar course of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Continental University, in the academic cycle II-2021. Therefore, it is developed under a quantitative paradigm with experimental typology. The sample is made up of 80 students of the Research Seminar course. Taking into account the arithmetic means achieved in the pre-test of 12.39 and in the post-test of 15.84, it is observed a revealing increase of 3.45 points in the means of the students of the group with experimental treatment of the referred course, after having developed the treatment with the neurobic gym as experimental procedure of the study. Reaffirming the specific hypothesis: The academic performance of the students of the experimental group increases after the application of the treatment with the neurobic gym according to the pre-test and post-test scores. In addition, the derivations of the student’s t statistic of related samples with significance margin < 0.05 corroborate the research hypothesis (HI). Therefore, it is concluded that the implementation of the neurobic gym in the class sessions optimizes the academic performance of the students of the course University Research Seminar in virtual environments. Keywords: exercises, brain gymnastics, neurobic, neuroscience, academic performance.
本研究的目的是验证神经健身房对大学生在虚拟环境中的学习成绩的影响，在大陆大学健康科学学院的研究研讨会课程，在学术周期II-2021。因此，它是在定量范式和实验类型下发展起来的。样本由80名研究研讨会课程的学生组成。考虑到袜子算术在preprueba 12.39和在15.84 posprueba,不言而喻,吸积45分的学生袜与实验性治疗的小组课程,后开发出治疗gym neuróbico作为研究的实验程序。在本研究中，我们分析了两组学生在使用神经体操治疗后的学习成绩，这两组学生在测试前和测试后的成绩都有所提高。此外，从显著性差< 0.05的相关样本中得出的学生t统计量证实了研究假设(HI)。因此，我们得出结论，在虚拟环境中，神经体操在课堂上的实施优化了大学研究研讨会课程学生的学业成绩。关键词:运动，脑体操，神经学，神经科学，学业成绩。本研究的目的是测试神经健身房对大学生在虚拟环境中的学术表现的影响，大陆大学健康科学学院的研究研讨会课程，学术周期II-2021。因此，它是在实验类学的定量模式下发展起来的。样本来自研究研讨会课程的80名学生。考虑arithmetic means一in the pre-test of 12.39 and in the post-test of 15.84, it is observed revealing增加of 45 points in the means of the students of the group with实验性治疗of the提到52,000,之后发达的待遇与neurobic gym as试验程序of the study。重申具体假设:实验组学生在使用神经健身房治疗后，根据测试前和测试后的成绩，其学业成绩有所提高。此外，学生对显著性边际< 0.05的相关样本的推导证实了研究假设(HI)。因此，得出的结论是，在课堂上实施神经健身可以优化大学研究研讨会课程学生在虚拟环境中的学术表现。关键词:运动，大脑体操，神经学，神经科学，学术表现。
{"title":"Efectos de un gym neuróbico en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios en entornos virtuales (Effects of a neurobic gym on the academic performance of university students in virtual environments)","authors":"Rosario Mireya Romero Parra, Luis Andrés Barboza Arenas, Lorena C. Espina-Romero, Carlos Hernán Rodríguez Ángeles, Jorge Luis Romero Chacín, Eduardo Jesús Garcés Rosendo., José Antonio Faría Romero, Ricardo Iván Vértiz Osores","doi":"10.47197/retos.v50.93788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.93788","url":null,"abstract":"El estudio presenta como propósito comprobar los efectos de un gym neuróbico en el rendimiento académico de los alumnos universitarios en entornos virtuales del curso Seminario de Investigación de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Continental, en el ciclo académico II-2021. Por ello, se desarrolla bajo un paradigma cuantitativo con tipología experimental. La muestra la constituyen 80 estudiantes del curso de Seminario de Investigación. Teniendo en cuenta las medias aritméticas logradas en la preprueba de 12.39 y en la posprueba de 15.84, se observa un acrecentamiento revelador de 3.45 puntos en las medias de los alumnos del grupo con tratamiento experimental del curso referido, luego de haber desarrollado el tratamiento con el gym neuróbico como procedimiento experimental del estudio. Reafirmándose la hipótesis específica: El rendimiento académico de los alumnos del grupo experimental aumenta luego de la aplicación del tratamiento con el gym neuróbico atendiendo los puntajes de la preprueba y posprueba. Además, las derivaciones del estadístico t de Student de muestras afines con margen de significancia < 0.05 corroboran la hipótesis de investigación (HI). Por ello, se concluye que la implementación del gym neuróbico en las sesiones de clases optimiza el rendimiento académico de los alumnos del curso Seminario de Investigación universitarios en entornos virtuales.\u0000Palabras clave: ejercicios, gimnasia cerebral, neuróbico, neurociencia, rendimiento académico.\u0000Abstract. The purpose of this study is to test the effects of a neurobic gym on the academic performance of university students in virtual environments of the Research Seminar course of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Continental University, in the academic cycle II-2021. Therefore, it is developed under a quantitative paradigm with experimental typology. The sample is made up of 80 students of the Research Seminar course. Taking into account the arithmetic means achieved in the pre-test of 12.39 and in the post-test of 15.84, it is observed a revealing increase of 3.45 points in the means of the students of the group with experimental treatment of the referred course, after having developed the treatment with the neurobic gym as experimental procedure of the study. Reaffirming the specific hypothesis: The academic performance of the students of the experimental group increases after the application of the treatment with the neurobic gym according to the pre-test and post-test scores. In addition, the derivations of the student’s t statistic of related samples with significance margin < 0.05 corroborate the research hypothesis (HI). Therefore, it is concluded that the implementation of the neurobic gym in the class sessions optimizes the academic performance of the students of the course University Research Seminar in virtual environments.\u0000Keywords: exercises, brain gymnastics, neurobic, neuroscience, academic performance.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":52896,"journal":{"name":"Retos de la Direccion","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85870744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.47197/retos.v50.99441
Jofre Pisà-Canyelles, J. Pérez-Gómez, Antonio Castillo-Paredes, Á. Denche-Zamorano, R. Pastor-Cisneros, J. Siquier-Coll, Sabina Barrios-Fernández, M. Mendoza-Muñoz
Adapted sports (AS) allows the physical activity level to increase in groups such as people with disabilities, pregnant women, children and older people. AS modifies conventional sports' formal structure to make them accessible. This study aimed to analyse the trend followed by the annual publications on this topic and identify the most productive and cited authors, journals, and countries with the highest number of publications, the most cited documents and the most used keywords. The search was conducted in the Web of Science (WoS) and traditional bibliometric laws were applied. A total of 398 documents were identified. The annual publications followed an exponential growth trend (R2=89.5%). "Influence of Adapted Sport on Quality of Life: Perceptions of Athletes with Cerebral Palsy" was the most cited document. The categories of most interest to researchers were Sports Science and Rehabilitation. The journal with the higher number of publications was Retos-Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación. The USA had the highest number of published documents (122 documents) and citations (973), leading extensive research networks worldwide. A total of 1270 authors have published on this topic, using "adapted sport", "adaptive sport", "disability, and "physical activity" as the most used keywords. Makhov (12 documents) was the most prolific co-author, and Lundberg was the most cited. Keywords: Adaptive Sport; Modified Sport; Disability; Physical Activity; Exercise.
适应性运动(AS)使残疾人、孕妇、儿童和老年人等群体的身体活动水平得以提高。AS修改了传统体育的正式结构，使其更容易进入。本研究旨在分析该主题年度出版物所遵循的趋势，并确定最具生产力和被引用的作者、期刊、出版物数量最多的国家、被引用最多的文件和使用最多的关键词。在Web of Science (WoS)上进行检索，采用传统的文献计量学规律。共确定了398份文件。年度出版物呈指数增长趋势(R2=89.5%)。“适应运动对生活质量的影响:脑瘫运动员的感知”是被引用最多的文件。研究人员最感兴趣的类别是运动科学和康复。发表文章最多的期刊是Retos-Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación。美国拥有最多的发表文献(122篇)和引用文献(973篇)，在世界范围内领先广泛的研究网络。共有1270位作者发表了关于这一主题的文章，其中使用最多的关键词是“适应性运动”、“适应性运动”、“残疾”和“身体活动”。Makhov(12篇)是最多产的合著者，Lundberg是被引用最多的。关键词:适应性运动;修改后的运动;残疾;身体活动;锻炼。
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