Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.1.30-41
Charles Alves de Castro, Isobel O’Reilly, A. Carthy
This article reviews and analyses factors impacting the evolution of the internet, the web, and social media channels, charting historic trends and highlight recent technological developments. The review comprised a deep search using electronic journal databases. Articles were chosen according to specific criteria with a group of 34 papers and books selected for complete reading and deep analysis. The 34 elements were analysed and processed using NVIVO 12 Pro, enabling the creation of dimensions and categories, codes and nodes, identifying the most frequent words, cluster analysis of the terms, and creating a word cloud based on each word's frequency. The review presents updated information about technological trends, marketing, and chronological elements regarding the evolution of the internet and social media.
{"title":"The Evolution of the Internet and Social Media: A Literature Review","authors":"Charles Alves de Castro, Isobel O’Reilly, A. Carthy","doi":"10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.1.30-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.1.30-41","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews and analyses factors impacting the evolution of the internet, the web, and social media channels, charting historic trends and highlight recent technological developments. The review comprised a deep search using electronic journal databases. Articles were chosen according to specific criteria with a group of 34 papers and books selected for complete reading and deep analysis. The 34 elements were analysed and processed using NVIVO 12 Pro, enabling the creation of dimensions and categories, codes and nodes, identifying the most frequent words, cluster analysis of the terms, and creating a word cloud based on each word's frequency. The review presents updated information about technological trends, marketing, and chronological elements regarding the evolution of the internet and social media.","PeriodicalId":52947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Distance Education and ELearning","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74346232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.1.42-48
Kai-Fu Yang, Hao-Wei Yang, Chao Huang
This research attempts to focus on Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) and the optimization of the RMA solutions. In the meantime, this research establishes RMA Diagnosis Checklist, Innovative RMA Process system, and a number of suggested solutions for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This research has important implications as it optimizes RMA solutions to B2B problems for SMEs, provides useful information on effective RMA service policies for B2B marketing decisions and creates a general awareness of the importance and rationale of RMA. Finally, this study provides RMA as a diagnostic tool and strategic tactic for SMEs.
{"title":"Assisting SMEs to Establish RMA Diagnosis Checklist and Innovative RMA Process System to Enhance B2B Innovative Concept Adaptation and Its Value-Added Function","authors":"Kai-Fu Yang, Hao-Wei Yang, Chao Huang","doi":"10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.1.42-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.1.42-48","url":null,"abstract":"This research attempts to focus on Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) and the optimization of the RMA solutions. In the meantime, this research establishes RMA Diagnosis Checklist, Innovative RMA Process system, and a number of suggested solutions for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This research has important implications as it optimizes RMA solutions to B2B problems for SMEs, provides useful information on effective RMA service policies for B2B marketing decisions and creates a general awareness of the importance and rationale of RMA. Finally, this study provides RMA as a diagnostic tool and strategic tactic for SMEs.","PeriodicalId":52947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Distance Education and ELearning","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79802578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.3.79-88
A. Pfennig
During the covid-19 pandemic semesters of 2020/21 material science laboratory courses at HTW-Berlin had to be taught fully online to first year students of mechanical engineering and automotive engineering. Specially produced lecture videos are assigned and guide students through the laboratory routine prior to class. Students regard these lecture films as easy to use, supportive to individual study routines and scientifically helpful during self-study periods. They rated tasks and questions aligned with the learning outcome of the lecture videos as highly beneficial and –surprisingly- did not prefer face-to-face time. However, grades are much lower and much more students failed the class. This was directly related to the negative input of solemn studying, lack of human interaction, scientific discussions, lack of the possibility to fail and regain self-attentiveness as well as permanent online time. Otherwise highly supportive teaching material became negligible during the full online-semesters.
{"title":"The Negligible Impact of Lecture Videos on the Learning Progress in a Laboratory Course during the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"A. Pfennig","doi":"10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.3.79-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.3.79-88","url":null,"abstract":"During the covid-19 pandemic semesters of 2020/21 material science laboratory courses at HTW-Berlin had to be taught fully online to first year students of mechanical engineering and automotive engineering. Specially produced lecture videos are assigned and guide students through the laboratory routine prior to class. Students regard these lecture films as easy to use, supportive to individual study routines and scientifically helpful during self-study periods. They rated tasks and questions aligned with the learning outcome of the lecture videos as highly beneficial and –surprisingly- did not prefer face-to-face time. However, grades are much lower and much more students failed the class. This was directly related to the negative input of solemn studying, lack of human interaction, scientific discussions, lack of the possibility to fail and regain self-attentiveness as well as permanent online time. Otherwise highly supportive teaching material became negligible during the full online-semesters.","PeriodicalId":52947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Distance Education and ELearning","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87866759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.2.62-71
Sarradj Siham
Distance learning is not the product of the modern world as some may think; its origins go back to the 1720s with the very first experience of correspondence learning. Nevertheless, the concept of online learning, on the other hand, is the product of the modern digitalized world since its principal key element is the Internet. In this paper, we are going to clarify the ambiguity underlying two interrelated but different concepts which are ‘distance learning’ and ‘e-learning’. Then, we will trace the historical background of distance education in the world and in Algeria. In the end, we will present the results of a descriptive study that was conducted through an online questionnaire, and which targeted first-year students of the Department of the Arabic Language and Literature, University of Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella. The purpose of this opinion poll was to reflect students’ impressions and evaluate their first and unique experience of learning English electronically during the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Arabic Language Students’ e-Learning Experience in an English Course at the University of Oran1 Algeria during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Sarradj Siham","doi":"10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.2.62-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.2.62-71","url":null,"abstract":"Distance learning is not the product of the modern world as some may think; its origins go back to the 1720s with the very first experience of correspondence learning. Nevertheless, the concept of online learning, on the other hand, is the product of the modern digitalized world since its principal key element is the Internet. In this paper, we are going to clarify the ambiguity underlying two interrelated but different concepts which are ‘distance learning’ and ‘e-learning’. Then, we will trace the historical background of distance education in the world and in Algeria. In the end, we will present the results of a descriptive study that was conducted through an online questionnaire, and which targeted first-year students of the Department of the Arabic Language and Literature, University of Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella. The purpose of this opinion poll was to reflect students’ impressions and evaluate their first and unique experience of learning English electronically during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":52947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Distance Education and ELearning","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73684670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.4.89-99
C. Park
The online communities are activating recently as using by over half of online users. But the previous online community studies were limited to figure out the influence factors of participation of community and its social affect mainly. So, this study tried to figure out ritual to understand more about individual aspect of online community activities and conducted empirical study of tribal bond that is consequences of ritual to suggest managerial implications. The significant online external ritual antecedent was shared norm and internal ritual antecedents were interdependence, need for approval. Also, the internal ritual had influence on external ritual and tribal bond. The external ritual was not significant influence factor of tribal bond. We suggested managerial implication the efficient management of quantitatively expanded community based on these results and academic implications that extend ritual concept to online, scale development and verification of each concept.
{"title":"Ritualization of Online Brand Community Behaviors and Tribal Bond","authors":"C. Park","doi":"10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.4.89-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.4.89-99","url":null,"abstract":"The online communities are activating recently as using by over half of online users. But the previous online community studies were limited to figure out the influence factors of participation of community and its social affect mainly. So, this study tried to figure out ritual to understand more about individual aspect of online community activities and conducted empirical study of tribal bond that is consequences of ritual to suggest managerial implications. The significant online external ritual antecedent was shared norm and internal ritual antecedents were interdependence, need for approval. Also, the internal ritual had influence on external ritual and tribal bond. The external ritual was not significant influence factor of tribal bond. We suggested managerial implication the efficient management of quantitatively expanded community based on these results and academic implications that extend ritual concept to online, scale development and verification of each concept.","PeriodicalId":52947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Distance Education and ELearning","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89868916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.1.1-15
J. Ye, Jhen-Ni Ye, Yu-Feng Wu, Jong-Chao Hong
As well as bringing convenience to consumers, online shopping also represents an enormous business opportunity. In online shopping, the Double 11 shopping festival (hereafter Double 11) organized by China’s Alibaba has set records and has continued to grow rapidly for the last 10 years. To understand this phenomenon, this study adapted self-determination theory to explore customers’ motivation and perceived values with respect to Double 11. This study focused on people who live in China who shopped during the China Double 11 Carnival Shopping Festival in 2018. A total of 399 validated data were collected and then confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation model was conducted. The results of the study show that purchase amotivation is not significantly related to, but extrinsic purchasing motivation is positively related to hedonic value and social value. Moreover, continuance intention to purchase can be positively predicted by hedonic value and social value. With a better understanding of these results, managers operating electronic businesses can use certain approaches to increase customers’ extrinsic motivation and enhance their experiential values to promote their continuance intention to purchase goods on a particular day, for example, by creating more shopping festivals.
{"title":"Purchase Motivation, Experiential Value Related to Continuance Intention to Purchase on China’s Double 11 Shopping Festival","authors":"J. Ye, Jhen-Ni Ye, Yu-Feng Wu, Jong-Chao Hong","doi":"10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.1.1-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.1.1-15","url":null,"abstract":"As well as bringing convenience to consumers, online shopping also represents an enormous business opportunity. In online shopping, the Double 11 shopping festival (hereafter Double 11) organized by China’s Alibaba has set records and has continued to grow rapidly for the last 10 years. To understand this phenomenon, this study adapted self-determination theory to explore customers’ motivation and perceived values with respect to Double 11. This study focused on people who live in China who shopped during the China Double 11 Carnival Shopping Festival in 2018. A total of 399 validated data were collected and then confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation model was conducted. The results of the study show that purchase amotivation is not significantly related to, but extrinsic purchasing motivation is positively related to hedonic value and social value. Moreover, continuance intention to purchase can be positively predicted by hedonic value and social value. With a better understanding of these results, managers operating electronic businesses can use certain approaches to increase customers’ extrinsic motivation and enhance their experiential values to promote their continuance intention to purchase goods on a particular day, for example, by creating more shopping festivals.","PeriodicalId":52947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Distance Education and ELearning","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75159850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.3.72-78
Kai-Fu Yang, Hao-Wei Yang
In order to strengthen the development of local industries in various counties and cities, attract more high-quality talents, promote sustainable development of regional industrial economy, enhance the quality of life, and create more regional brands, this research has been linked to industry, government, and university to help SMEs integrate DNA and assist SMEs to expand international market by adopting Cross-border E-commerce and Smart Retail. Through actual operation of this research, SMEs would be assisted to achieve the expected benefits: 1) Inverting local industry strategy, with “creative, innovation, and entrepreneurship” to create a synergistic effect of “design power, production power, and marketing power”; 2) Assisting manufacturers expand their channels and increase their values of 10% to be improved by promotion of this research; 3) Coaching enterprises in response to the trend of transformation, intend to promote and support innovation and transformation of SMEs by promoting this research, and strengthen inheritance of second generation of enterprises.
{"title":"Combining Local DNA and Coaching Small and Medium Enterprises to Adopt Cross-Border e-Commerce and Smart Retail to Expand International Market","authors":"Kai-Fu Yang, Hao-Wei Yang","doi":"10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.3.72-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.3.72-78","url":null,"abstract":"In order to strengthen the development of local industries in various counties and cities, attract more high-quality talents, promote sustainable development of regional industrial economy, enhance the quality of life, and create more regional brands, this research has been linked to industry, government, and university to help SMEs integrate DNA and assist SMEs to expand international market by adopting Cross-border E-commerce and Smart Retail. Through actual operation of this research, SMEs would be assisted to achieve the expected benefits: 1) Inverting local industry strategy, with “creative, innovation, and entrepreneurship” to create a synergistic effect of “design power, production power, and marketing power”; 2) Assisting manufacturers expand their channels and increase their values of 10% to be improved by promotion of this research; 3) Coaching enterprises in response to the trend of transformation, intend to promote and support innovation and transformation of SMEs by promoting this research, and strengthen inheritance of second generation of enterprises.","PeriodicalId":52947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Distance Education and ELearning","volume":"381 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74925585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.2.49-61
M. Fang, K. Choi
In response to the rapid and forced transition to e-learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aims to explore the factors underlying students’ e-learning achievement. This study proposes a theoretical framework based on literature to assess the role of students’ e-learning readiness, grit, and characteristics in explaining their perceived e-learning achievement. The empirical data of 196 higher education students were collected via an online survey. Using structural equation modeling and a multigroup analysis, the findings indicated that students’ self-directed learning, learner control, motivation for learning, and online communication self-efficacy from the e-learning readiness scale, as well as the perseverance of effort from grit scale, have significantly impacted their perception on e-learning achievement. The results also highlighted significant differences between first year and higher year students in a continued effort to achieve learning, and learner control to achieve learning success. The implications of the findings and educational practice are discussed.
{"title":"E-Learning Achievement of Higher Education Students: Role of Students’ Learning Readiness, Grit and Characteristics","authors":"M. Fang, K. Choi","doi":"10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.2.49-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17706/ijeeee.2022.12.2.49-61","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the rapid and forced transition to e-learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aims to explore the factors underlying students’ e-learning achievement. This study proposes a theoretical framework based on literature to assess the role of students’ e-learning readiness, grit, and characteristics in explaining their perceived e-learning achievement. The empirical data of 196 higher education students were collected via an online survey. Using structural equation modeling and a multigroup analysis, the findings indicated that students’ self-directed learning, learner control, motivation for learning, and online communication self-efficacy from the e-learning readiness scale, as well as the perseverance of effort from grit scale, have significantly impacted their perception on e-learning achievement. The results also highlighted significant differences between first year and higher year students in a continued effort to achieve learning, and learner control to achieve learning success. The implications of the findings and educational practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":52947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Distance Education and ELearning","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86039007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.36261/ijdeel.v6i2.1863
Shahbaz Ahmad
The ICT (Information & Communications Technology) utilization in instruction among university and college lecturers is gaining prominence in many countries in the world, including Pakistan, for the purpose of globalization and enhancing the quality of instruction and learning. The purpose of the study was to examine the benefits of ICT utilization, the extent of success factors, problems and constraints encountered in ICT utilization in instruction among lecturers in universities of Islamabad. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was used to find out the level and extent of ICT utilization in universities of Islamabad. The sample from the study consisted of 260 lecturers drawn from the 14 universities of Islamabad. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation, and chi square. Results of the study showed that there were significant relationships among the 14 areas of ICT utilization, significant relationships between ICT utilization and lecturers’ characteristics, and significant relationships between ICT utilization and university demography. There were positive correlations between ICT utilization and some demographics such as lecturers’ age, working experience, experience in computer use, frequency of ICT use, computer use at home, ICT training duration, extent of ICT knowledge, awareness of ICT and ICT written / published in university. The findings of this study could be used for improving instruction among lecturers and for designing a training model for instruction among lecturers in the pursuit of enhancing excellence and quality of education in universities. This study was subjected to several limitations that include online assessment, incorporating audio video conferencing tools, giving more sophistication to educational management software.
{"title":"The Degree of Relationships and Differences Among Level of ICT Utilization in Instruction and Lectures’ Demographic Factors in Selected Universities of Pakistan","authors":"Shahbaz Ahmad","doi":"10.36261/ijdeel.v6i2.1863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36261/ijdeel.v6i2.1863","url":null,"abstract":"The ICT (Information & Communications Technology) utilization in instruction among university and college lecturers is gaining prominence in many countries in the world, including Pakistan, for the purpose of globalization and enhancing the quality of instruction and learning. The purpose of the study was to examine the benefits of ICT utilization, the extent of success factors, problems and constraints encountered in ICT utilization in instruction among lecturers in universities of Islamabad. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was used to find out the level and extent of ICT utilization in universities of Islamabad. The sample from the study consisted of 260 lecturers drawn from the 14 universities of Islamabad. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation, and chi square. Results of the study showed that there were significant relationships among the 14 areas of ICT utilization, significant relationships between ICT utilization and lecturers’ characteristics, and significant relationships between ICT utilization and university demography. There were positive correlations between ICT utilization and some demographics such as lecturers’ age, working experience, experience in computer use, frequency of ICT use, computer use at home, ICT training duration, extent of ICT knowledge, awareness of ICT and ICT written / published in university. The findings of this study could be used for improving instruction among lecturers and for designing a training model for instruction among lecturers in the pursuit of enhancing excellence and quality of education in universities. This study was subjected to several limitations that include online assessment, incorporating audio video conferencing tools, giving more sophistication to educational management software. ","PeriodicalId":52947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Distance Education and ELearning","volume":"126 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70132043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.36261/ijdeel.v6i2.1867
Amara Ikram, Farhan Navid Yousaf, Rizwan Safdar
COVID-19 has emerged as a disaster for people around the globe. Consequently, it has changed the way we live and do things in our everyday lives. This study analyzes the experiences of online education of university students during COVID-19 pandemic. It further explores the ways in which gender effects the online education of the students. The study was conducted in four conveniently selected universities of Lahore, Punjab. In-depths interviews were conducted with 16 research participants and data were analyzed by employing thematic analysis approach. The study found that students, particularly females, were facing loads of hurdles in attending online classes, including non-availability or frequent disconnection of internet, electricity load shading, lack of knowledge about using technology for online education, and time management. This study not only presents lived experiences of students but also suggests some constructive measures to address and curtail the challenges that are being faced by students during online education.
{"title":"Cultural Barriers and Gender Differences: A Qualitative Study of Issues Associated with Online Education in Pakistan","authors":"Amara Ikram, Farhan Navid Yousaf, Rizwan Safdar","doi":"10.36261/ijdeel.v6i2.1867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36261/ijdeel.v6i2.1867","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has emerged as a disaster for people around the globe. Consequently, it has changed the way we live and do things in our everyday lives. This study analyzes the experiences of online education of university students during COVID-19 pandemic. It further explores the ways in which gender effects the online education of the students. The study was conducted in four conveniently selected universities of Lahore, Punjab. In-depths interviews were conducted with 16 research participants and data were analyzed by employing thematic analysis approach. The study found that students, particularly females, were facing loads of hurdles in attending online classes, including non-availability or frequent disconnection of internet, electricity load shading, lack of knowledge about using technology for online education, and time management. This study not only presents lived experiences of students but also suggests some constructive measures to address and curtail the challenges that are being faced by students during online education.","PeriodicalId":52947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Distance Education and ELearning","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70132086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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