Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.30442/ahr.0802-07-166
A. Oladimeji, G. Akinyosoye, A. Solarin, A. Ayodele, M. Abdulsalam, F. Njokanma
Sarcoma botryoides of the bladder is a variant of the embryonal form of rhabdomyosarcoma that is characterized by protrusion of tumour cells and stroma into a body cavity like a bunch of grapes. Apart from the bladder, the embryonal form of this tumour can occur in other areas such as the vagina, nasopharynx, middle ear and common bile duct. One of its complications is obstruction of the bladder outlet, presenting as acute urinary retention and acute kidney injury. Pressure on the adjacent tissues and organs is also well recognized. It has an intermediate prognosis which depends on age, site and the extent of disease at diagnosis. We report a case of sarcoma botryoides in a 3-year-old Nigerian girl, confirmed by imaging and histology.
{"title":"Sarcoma Botryoides of the Bladder in a Nigerian Child: A Case Report","authors":"A. Oladimeji, G. Akinyosoye, A. Solarin, A. Ayodele, M. Abdulsalam, F. Njokanma","doi":"10.30442/ahr.0802-07-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0802-07-166","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcoma botryoides of the bladder is a variant of the embryonal form of rhabdomyosarcoma that is characterized by protrusion of tumour cells and stroma into a body cavity like a bunch of grapes. Apart from the bladder, the embryonal form of this tumour can occur in other areas such as the vagina, nasopharynx, middle ear and common bile duct. One of its complications is obstruction of the bladder outlet, presenting as acute urinary retention and acute kidney injury. Pressure on the adjacent tissues and organs is also well recognized. It has an intermediate prognosis which depends on age, site and the extent of disease at diagnosis. We report a case of sarcoma botryoides in a 3-year-old Nigerian girl, confirmed by imaging and histology.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46798510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.30442/ahr.0802-06-165
J. Imaralu, A. Adekoya, A. Akadri, F. Bamidele, CC Nwankpa, J. Sotunsa
Background: Maternal anti-tetanus vaccination is required to prevent maternal and neonatal tetanus. In the absence of lifetime protective dosing, repeat vaccination in every new pregnancy is needed to achieve protection of the newborn against tetanus. Objectives: To determine maternal anti-tetanus vaccination schedule completion rates and the reasons for non-completion of the schedule. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among Nigerian antenatal clinic attendees using an interviewee-administered questionnaire. Results: Most (291/347; 83.9%) respondents had received a TT vaccine in the index pregnancy, and 280/347 (80.7%) received their first TT injection at the booking visit. In comparison, 202/238 (84.9%) of those eligible had received tetanus toxoid protective immunisation (TTPDI) in the index pregnancy. Although a majority (301/347; 86.7%) of the respondents had received at least a dose of TT in a previous pregnancy, only 23/246 (9.3%) eligible pregnant women had received complete vaccination (TT5) Parity (p<0.001) and ethnicity (0.013) were the main determinants of the maternal tetanus vaccination schedule (TT5) completion. However, the socio-demographic characteristics were similar for TTPDI. The commonest reason for non-completion was forgetfulness 172/218 (78.9%), and most (287/347; 89.1%) of the respondents wished to receive telephone reminders. Conclusions: Although neonatal tetanus protective dosing of TT in the current pregnancy was high, a low proportion of mothers completed the five doses recommended by the WHO for lifetime immunity.
{"title":"A Facility-Based Survey of Maternal Anti-Tetanus Vaccination Schedule Completion in a Nigerian University Community","authors":"J. Imaralu, A. Adekoya, A. Akadri, F. Bamidele, CC Nwankpa, J. Sotunsa","doi":"10.30442/ahr.0802-06-165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0802-06-165","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maternal anti-tetanus vaccination is required to prevent maternal and neonatal tetanus. In the absence of lifetime protective dosing, repeat vaccination in every new pregnancy is needed to achieve protection of the newborn against tetanus. \u0000Objectives: To determine maternal anti-tetanus vaccination schedule completion rates and the reasons for non-completion of the schedule. \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among Nigerian antenatal clinic attendees using an interviewee-administered questionnaire. \u0000Results: Most (291/347; 83.9%) respondents had received a TT vaccine in the index pregnancy, and 280/347 (80.7%) received their first TT injection at the booking visit. In comparison, 202/238 (84.9%) of those eligible had received tetanus toxoid protective immunisation (TTPDI) in the index pregnancy. Although a majority (301/347; 86.7%) of the respondents had received at least a dose of TT in a previous pregnancy, only 23/246 (9.3%) eligible pregnant women had received complete vaccination (TT5) Parity (p<0.001) and ethnicity (0.013) were the main determinants of the maternal tetanus vaccination schedule (TT5) completion. However, the socio-demographic characteristics were similar for TTPDI. The commonest reason for non-completion was forgetfulness 172/218 (78.9%), and most (287/347; 89.1%) of the respondents wished to receive telephone reminders. \u0000Conclusions: Although neonatal tetanus protective dosing of TT in the current pregnancy was high, a low proportion of mothers completed the five doses recommended by the WHO for lifetime immunity.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45628081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.30442/ahr.0802-01-160
A. Ogunyemi, A. Abiola, T. Olufunlayo, OP Ogunnubi, A. Onajole
Background: Physical violence (PV) in secondary schools is an apparent challenge that requires urgent attention because of its adverse outcomes. It has led to the destruction of school properties and disruption of teaching and learning, thus resulting in poor academic grades and even death. Objectives: To assess the perceptions and experiences of physical violence among selected senior secondary students in Lagos State. Methods: The study utilised a cross-sectional design with a multistage sampling technique to recruit respondents from four secondary schools in Lagos State. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire adapted from the Global School Health Survey and the Youth Risk Behaviour Survey (GSHS, 2004). Results: Majority (82.7%) of the respondents had correct knowledge of the health consequences of youth violence, and 78.3% knew that both victims and perpetrators are at risk of injury or death. About 62.5% agreed that youth violence is an essential issue in adolescence, and 85.2% favoured administrative sanctions against offenders. Violent acts such as physical attacks were experienced by 40.7%, while 42.2% and 7.7% experienced physical fights and belonged to a school gang. Involvement in a physical fight was significantly associated with belonging to a school gang (p<0.001) and being a victim of bullying (p<0.001). Conclusion: Physical violence is a common behaviour among senior secondary school students. Belonging to a gang and being a victim of bullying was associated with physical violence. Targeted education on avoiding physical violence and risky behaviours is recommended in schools.
{"title":"Perceptions and Experiences of Physical Violence Among Public Secondary School Students in Lagos State","authors":"A. Ogunyemi, A. Abiola, T. Olufunlayo, OP Ogunnubi, A. Onajole","doi":"10.30442/ahr.0802-01-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0802-01-160","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physical violence (PV) in secondary schools is an apparent challenge that requires urgent attention because of its adverse outcomes. It has led to the destruction of school properties and disruption of teaching and learning, thus resulting in poor academic grades and even death. \u0000Objectives: To assess the perceptions and experiences of physical violence among selected senior secondary students in Lagos State. \u0000Methods: The study utilised a cross-sectional design with a multistage sampling technique to recruit respondents from four secondary schools in Lagos State. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire adapted from the Global School Health Survey and the Youth Risk Behaviour Survey (GSHS, 2004). \u0000Results: Majority (82.7%) of the respondents had correct knowledge of the health consequences of youth violence, and 78.3% knew that both victims and perpetrators are at risk of injury or death. About 62.5% agreed that youth violence is an essential issue in adolescence, and 85.2% favoured administrative sanctions against offenders. Violent acts such as physical attacks were experienced by 40.7%, while 42.2% and 7.7% experienced physical fights and belonged to a school gang. Involvement in a physical fight was significantly associated with belonging to a school gang (p<0.001) and being a victim of bullying (p<0.001). \u0000Conclusion: Physical violence is a common behaviour among senior secondary school students. Belonging to a gang and being a victim of bullying was associated with physical violence. Targeted education on avoiding physical violence and risky behaviours is recommended in schools.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44700530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.30442/ahr.0801-08-159
S. Nyeche, A. Ubom
Uterine inversion is a rare but life-threatening obstetric emergency, complicating 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 50,000 deliveries. Very rarely, this condition also complicates unsafe abortion. A case of acute complete (fourth-degree) uterine inversion, with gangrene of the uterus in an 18-year-old nulliparous girl who presented to the Gynaecologic Emergency Unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, in hypovolemic shock from massive haemorrhage following unsafe mid-trimester termination of unwanted pregnancy is reported. She was adequately resuscitated, and a vaginal hysterectomy was performed. The patient was discharged following an uneventful postoperative period. This case highlights the consequences of the high unmet need for family planning and the restrictive abortion laws in Nigeria, limiting access to effective contraception and safe abortion services, thereby increasing the risk of maternal mortality and morbidity from complications of unsafe abortion
{"title":"Acute Uterine Inversion Complicating Mid-Trimester Unsafe Abortion in a Teenage Nigerian Girl","authors":"S. Nyeche, A. Ubom","doi":"10.30442/ahr.0801-08-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0801-08-159","url":null,"abstract":"Uterine inversion is a rare but life-threatening obstetric emergency, complicating 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 50,000 deliveries. Very rarely, this condition also complicates unsafe abortion. A case of acute complete (fourth-degree) uterine inversion, with gangrene of the uterus in an 18-year-old nulliparous girl who presented to the Gynaecologic Emergency Unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, in hypovolemic shock from massive haemorrhage following unsafe mid-trimester termination of unwanted pregnancy is reported. She was adequately resuscitated, and a vaginal hysterectomy was performed. The patient was discharged following an uneventful postoperative period. This case highlights the consequences of the high unmet need for family planning and the restrictive abortion laws in Nigeria, limiting access to effective contraception and safe abortion services, thereby increasing the risk of maternal mortality and morbidity from complications of unsafe abortion","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49483433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.30442/ahr.0801-02-153
J. Ashidi, F. Owagboriaye, O. I. Lawal, P. Houghton, T. Efferth
Background: While the reproduction-enhancing property of Mucuna pruriens (MP) seed has been widely studied in males, little is known about this property in females despite the rate at which the seed is consumed by both sexes worldwide. Objective: To determine the effect of MP seed powder in dietary inclusion on ovarian and uterine functions of adult female albino rats. Methods: The rats were randomised into four groups. Group 1 (Control) was given standard rat chow (15g of feed/rat/day only) while groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed diets supplemented with MP seed powder at 0.75 g, 1.5g and 2.25g/day, respectively, for 12 weeks. Serum levels of oestradiol, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, ovarian Δ5, 3β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Δ5, 3β-HSD) and 17 β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) activities, ovarian and uterine peroxidase and tissue cytoarchitectural structures were used as diagnostic markers of reproductive function. Results: Significant increases in the serum level of all hormones including ovarian Δ5, 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD activities, ovarian and uterine peroxidase activities, and improvement of the ovarian and uterine cytoarchitectural integrity of the rats fed MP at 0.75g/day compared to other groups were observed. However, MP at 2.25g/day induced reproductive dysfunction characterised by significant reductions in hormones, uterine and ovarian enzyme activities, severe degenerative cytoarchitectural lesions in tissues. Conclusions: MP seed improves uterine and ovarian functions at a dose level of 0.75g/day, but a higher dose value may be toxic.
{"title":"Ovarian and uterine functions in female albino rats fed dietary meal supplemented with Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. seed powder","authors":"J. Ashidi, F. Owagboriaye, O. I. Lawal, P. Houghton, T. Efferth","doi":"10.30442/ahr.0801-02-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0801-02-153","url":null,"abstract":"Background: While the reproduction-enhancing property of Mucuna pruriens (MP) seed has been widely studied in males, little is known about this property in females despite the rate at which the seed is consumed by both sexes worldwide. \u0000Objective: To determine the effect of MP seed powder in dietary inclusion on ovarian and uterine functions of adult female albino rats. \u0000Methods: The rats were randomised into four groups. Group 1 (Control) was given standard rat chow (15g of feed/rat/day only) while groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed diets supplemented with MP seed powder at 0.75 g, 1.5g and 2.25g/day, respectively, for 12 weeks. Serum levels of oestradiol, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, ovarian Δ5, 3β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Δ5, 3β-HSD) and 17 β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) activities, ovarian and uterine peroxidase and tissue cytoarchitectural structures were used as diagnostic markers of reproductive function. \u0000Results: Significant increases in the serum level of all hormones including ovarian Δ5, 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD activities, ovarian and uterine peroxidase activities, and improvement of the ovarian and uterine cytoarchitectural integrity of the rats fed MP at 0.75g/day compared to other groups were observed. However, MP at 2.25g/day induced reproductive dysfunction characterised by significant reductions in hormones, uterine and ovarian enzyme activities, severe degenerative cytoarchitectural lesions in tissues. \u0000Conclusions: MP seed improves uterine and ovarian functions at a dose level of 0.75g/day, but a higher dose value may be toxic.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44930106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.30442/ahr.0801-05-156
Abiola O. Adekoya, A. Olatunji, Adeyanju Akinola, O. Odunsan, A. Adekoya, O. Olawale
Background: The co-existence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) has been rising globally with subclinical atherosclerotic complications. These vascular changes can be detected using carotid ultrasonography. Objectives: To determine and compare the carotid arterial structural wall changes and blood flow velocities of adults with co-existing DM and HTN with age- and sex-matched non-diabetic, non-hypertensive controls. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study of 300 participants comprising 200 adults with co-existing DM and HTN and 100 age- and sex-matched controls was done. Their carotid arteries were examined bilaterally for plaques, carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and flow velocities – peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) using 4–12MHz linear array transducer. Visceral obesity and serum lipids were also assessed. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 56.13 ± 6.93 years; they comprised 38% males and 62% females. The subjects’ CIMT was statistically significantly higher (p = 0.001) with a three-fold mean increase (45.5%) compared to the controls (13.7%). Lower flow velocities but higher indices were also observed in the subjects. Strong and significant correlations were observed between EDV and PI (r =-0.663, p =>0.001), EDV and RI (r = -0.661, p =>0.001) and PI and RI (r =0.988, p = >0.001) among the subjects. Conclusion: Significant reduction in flow velocities with increased CIMT may be an early indication of subclinical atherosclerosis. Therefore, carotid ultrasonography should be mandatory in individuals at risk for early detection and possible prevention of atherosclerotic complications.
{"title":"Carotid Doppler Ultrasonography in Patients with Co-existing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in Nigeria","authors":"Abiola O. Adekoya, A. Olatunji, Adeyanju Akinola, O. Odunsan, A. Adekoya, O. Olawale","doi":"10.30442/ahr.0801-05-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0801-05-156","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The co-existence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) has been rising globally with subclinical atherosclerotic complications. These vascular changes can be detected using carotid ultrasonography. \u0000Objectives: To determine and compare the carotid arterial structural wall changes and blood flow velocities of adults with co-existing DM and HTN with age- and sex-matched non-diabetic, non-hypertensive controls. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study of 300 participants comprising 200 adults with co-existing DM and HTN and 100 age- and sex-matched controls was done. Their carotid arteries were examined bilaterally for plaques, carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and flow velocities – peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) using 4–12MHz linear array transducer. Visceral obesity and serum lipids were also assessed. \u0000Results: The mean age of the subjects was 56.13 ± 6.93 years; they comprised 38% males and 62% females. The subjects’ CIMT was statistically significantly higher (p = 0.001) with a three-fold mean increase (45.5%) compared to the controls (13.7%). Lower flow velocities but higher indices were also observed in the subjects. Strong and significant correlations were observed between EDV and PI (r =-0.663, p =>0.001), EDV and RI (r = -0.661, p =>0.001) and PI and RI (r =0.988, p = >0.001) among the subjects. \u0000Conclusion: Significant reduction in flow velocities with increased CIMT may be an early indication of subclinical atherosclerosis. Therefore, carotid ultrasonography should be mandatory in individuals at risk for early detection and possible prevention of atherosclerotic complications.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43285519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.30442/ahr.0801-01-152
CA Nri-Ezedi, C. Okechukwu, OC Ofiaeli, E. Nwaneli, S. Musa, I. Kida, H. Adetola, T. Ulasi
Background: Since its discovery in late 2019, COVID-19 has claimed approximately three million lives worldwide, causing a significant economic burden and strain on health care delivery and services. Therefore, the COVID-19 vaccine may offer the potential to promote global recovery. Objective: To determine the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine among Nigerian doctors and the factors influencing the acceptance. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, an anonymous online survey was administered to medical doctors across the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria between 13 January and 31 January 2021, using the health belief model (HBM). Results: Out of 830 respondents, 38.8% were willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine, 36.0% were unsure, while the remaining 26.5% refused to take the vaccine. Following adjustments, males were more likely to take the vaccine (OR = 3.357; 95% CI 2.009-5.610; p = 0.0001), whereas increasing age, higher perceived viral virulence and perceived viral infectivity were observed to be significantly associated with less likelihood of accepting the vaccine. Respondents who believed in the efficacy of ivermectin were much less likely to receive the vaccine (OR = 0.217; 95% CI 0.108-0.436; p = 0.001). Concerns on vaccination safety were the main barriers to vaccine acceptability. Hypothetically addressing these concerns increased vaccine acceptance rates by approximately a third (34.6%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The proposed nationwide distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine may be met with poor vaccine acceptability among Nigerian medical practitioners. Measures specifically addressing vaccine safety concerns should be provided to allay fears and enhance the acceptability of the vaccine.
{"title":"Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Among Nigerian Medical Doctors","authors":"CA Nri-Ezedi, C. Okechukwu, OC Ofiaeli, E. Nwaneli, S. Musa, I. Kida, H. Adetola, T. Ulasi","doi":"10.30442/ahr.0801-01-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0801-01-152","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since its discovery in late 2019, COVID-19 has claimed approximately three million lives worldwide, causing a significant economic burden and strain on health care delivery and services. Therefore, the COVID-19 vaccine may offer the potential to promote global recovery. \u0000Objective: To determine the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine among Nigerian doctors and the factors influencing the acceptance. \u0000Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, an anonymous online survey was administered to medical doctors across the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria between 13 January and 31 January 2021, using the health belief model (HBM). \u0000Results: Out of 830 respondents, 38.8% were willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine, 36.0% were unsure, while the remaining 26.5% refused to take the vaccine. Following adjustments, males were more likely to take the vaccine (OR = 3.357; 95% CI 2.009-5.610; p = 0.0001), whereas increasing age, higher perceived viral virulence and perceived viral infectivity were observed to be significantly associated with less likelihood of accepting the vaccine. Respondents who believed in the efficacy of ivermectin were much less likely to receive the vaccine (OR = 0.217; 95% CI 0.108-0.436; p = 0.001). Concerns on vaccination safety were the main barriers to vaccine acceptability. Hypothetically addressing these concerns increased vaccine acceptance rates by approximately a third (34.6%) (p < 0.001). \u0000Conclusion: The proposed nationwide distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine may be met with poor vaccine acceptability among Nigerian medical practitioners. Measures specifically addressing vaccine safety concerns should be provided to allay fears and enhance the acceptability of the vaccine.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48896072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.30442/ahr.0801-03-154
T. Ojo, O. Fajobi, A. Babatola, Morenike Akinolosotu, O. Esan, T. Adetunji, A. Onayade
Background: Healthcare workers have a higher risk of SARS CoV2 infection with implications for transmission of infection and the safety of workers and patients. Objective: To assess knowledge on COVID-19 and the safety practices among selected healthcare workers in southwest Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 210 workers providing direct care to patients during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. Respondents were recruited through simple random sampling of members of online platforms of healthcare workers in Osun, Ondo and Ekiti States. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of PPE and safety practices was obtained through a close-ended questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 36.5±7.5 years. About 29% and 30% of respondents were from the State and Federal Government-owned Teaching Hospitals, respectively. A little above half (58.1%) had good knowledge of COVID-19, while 62.1% used PPE always when attending to suspected COVID19 cases. More than half (53.8%) had been trained on infection prevention and control (IPC), but only 34.3% adhered to good safety practices. Healthcare workers in State government-owned teaching hospitals had lower odds of good safety practices than those in Federal Teaching Hospitals (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.19-0.93, p = 0.031). Conclusion: The knowledge of appropriate PPE and practice of safety precautions among healthcare workers is sub-optimal. This may predispose to increased COVID-19 transmission among healthcare workers, patients, and their families. Training and retraining healthcare workers, especially those from hospitals identified by the study as having poor safety practices, should be encouraged.
背景:卫生保健工作者感染SARS CoV2的风险较高，这对感染的传播以及工作人员和患者的安全具有影响。目的:评估尼日利亚西南部部分卫生保健工作者对COVID-19的知识和安全做法。方法:对COVID-19大流行期间直接护理患者的210名工作人员进行横断面研究。答复者是通过简单随机抽样从奥孙州、翁多州和埃基蒂州的保健工作者在线平台成员中招募的。通过封闭式问卷获得了关于社会人口特征、个人防护装备知识和安全做法的信息。结果:调查对象平均年龄为36.5±7.5岁。大约29%和30%的受访者分别来自州和联邦政府拥有的教学医院。略高于一半(58.1%)的人对新冠肺炎有良好的了解，62.1%的人在照顾疑似病例时总是使用个人防护装备。一半以上(53.8%)接受过感染预防和控制(IPC)培训，但只有34.3%遵守了良好的安全规范。州立公立教学医院的医护人员获得良好安全操作的几率低于联邦教学医院的医护人员(OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.19-0.93, p = 0.031)。结论:卫生保健工作者对适当的个人防护装备的知识和安全预防措施的实践是次优的。这可能会增加COVID-19在医护人员、患者及其家属之间的传播。应该鼓励对卫生保健工作者进行培训和再培训，特别是那些来自该研究确定安全措施较差的医院的卫生保健工作者。
{"title":"Knowledge of COVID-19, Use of Personal Protective Equipment and Other Safety Practices of Healthcare Workers in Southwest Nigeria","authors":"T. Ojo, O. Fajobi, A. Babatola, Morenike Akinolosotu, O. Esan, T. Adetunji, A. Onayade","doi":"10.30442/ahr.0801-03-154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0801-03-154","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Healthcare workers have a higher risk of SARS CoV2 infection with implications for transmission of infection and the safety of workers and patients. \u0000Objective: To assess knowledge on COVID-19 and the safety practices among selected healthcare workers in southwest Nigeria. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study of 210 workers providing direct care to patients during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. Respondents were recruited through simple random sampling of members of online platforms of healthcare workers in Osun, Ondo and Ekiti States. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of PPE and safety practices was obtained through a close-ended questionnaire. \u0000Results: The mean age of the respondents was 36.5±7.5 years. About 29% and 30% of respondents were from the State and Federal Government-owned Teaching Hospitals, respectively. A little above half (58.1%) had good knowledge of COVID-19, while 62.1% used PPE always when attending to suspected COVID19 cases. More than half (53.8%) had been trained on infection prevention and control (IPC), but only 34.3% adhered to good safety practices. Healthcare workers in State government-owned teaching hospitals had lower odds of good safety practices than those in Federal Teaching Hospitals (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.19-0.93, p = 0.031). \u0000Conclusion: The knowledge of appropriate PPE and practice of safety precautions among healthcare workers is sub-optimal. This may predispose to increased COVID-19 transmission among healthcare workers, patients, and their families. Training and retraining healthcare workers, especially those from hospitals identified by the study as having poor safety practices, should be encouraged.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45306569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.30442/ahr.0801-04-155
Mabel Iyobo Ebengho, P. A. Obazelu, Mathias Abiodun Emokpae
Background: The cessation of ovarian functions at menopause and the accompanying decline in the production of ovarian steroid hormones creates a unique set of health concerns for women. Reductions in sex steroid levels, particularly oestrogen, have been associated with various diseases and conditions, including bleeding disorders, coronary heart disease (CHD), osteoporosis, cognitive dysfunction, urinary incontinence, hot flushes, and mood changes, among others. Objective: To determine changes in haemorheological and clotting profile in post-menopausal women. Methods: Two hundred participants comprising one hundred and fifty post-menopausal women and fifty healthy pre-menopausal control subjects were studied. The investigations carried out include whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, fibrinogen concentration, Prothrombin time (PT), Activated partial thromboplastin time with kaolin (APTTK) levels and complete blood count using standard methods. Results: The mean age (p = 0.01), platelet count (p = 0.013), neutrophil (p = 0.03), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.045) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.044) in postmenopausal women were significantly higher while lymphocyte count (p = 0.004) was significantly lower in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women. Similarly, plasma oestradiol (p = 0.001), plasma viscosity (p = 0.03), relative blood viscosity (p = 0.03), whole blood viscosity (p = 0.03) and PTTK (p = 0.04) were significantly lower among postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal control subjects. Conclusion: Relative plasma viscosity correlated positively with age. There were significantly lower levels of haemorheological and clotting profile in post-menopausal women. These changes may be due to age or a decline in circulating oestrogen levels.
{"title":"Alterations in Haematological and Clotting Profile of Post-Menopausal Women in Benin City, Nigeria","authors":"Mabel Iyobo Ebengho, P. A. Obazelu, Mathias Abiodun Emokpae","doi":"10.30442/ahr.0801-04-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0801-04-155","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The cessation of ovarian functions at menopause and the accompanying decline in the production of ovarian steroid hormones creates a unique set of health concerns for women. Reductions in sex steroid levels, particularly oestrogen, have been associated with various diseases and conditions, including bleeding disorders, coronary heart disease (CHD), osteoporosis, cognitive dysfunction, urinary incontinence, hot flushes, and mood changes, among others. \u0000Objective: To determine changes in haemorheological and clotting profile in post-menopausal women. \u0000Methods: Two hundred participants comprising one hundred and fifty post-menopausal women and fifty healthy pre-menopausal control subjects were studied. The investigations carried out include whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, fibrinogen concentration, Prothrombin time (PT), Activated partial thromboplastin time with kaolin (APTTK) levels and complete blood count using standard methods. \u0000Results: The mean age (p = 0.01), platelet count (p = 0.013), neutrophil (p = 0.03), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.045) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.044) in postmenopausal women were significantly higher while lymphocyte count (p = 0.004) was significantly lower in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women. Similarly, plasma oestradiol (p = 0.001), plasma viscosity (p = 0.03), relative blood viscosity (p = 0.03), whole blood viscosity (p = 0.03) and PTTK (p = 0.04) were significantly lower among postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal control subjects. \u0000Conclusion: Relative plasma viscosity correlated positively with age. There were significantly lower levels of haemorheological and clotting profile in post-menopausal women. These changes may be due to age or a decline in circulating oestrogen levels.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41675612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.30442/ahr.0801-06-157
I. Akinola, Babatunde A. Odugbemi, O. Bakare, O. Odusote, F. Njokanma
Background: Overnutrition has been documented at epidemic levels in children and adults. The associated risk factors may include poor dietary habits, sedentary behaviour, inadequate sleep and low parental education. Objective: To describe dietary habits, physical activity and sleep patterns among secondary school adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1,120 adolescents recruited from public and private secondary schools in Lagos, Nigeria, was carried out to study the dietary habits, sleep patterns and physical activity in relation to nutritional status. Results: Ten per cent of the adolescents skipped breakfast, while 28% had fruits on up to five days of the week. Eleven per cent had a sweetened drink every day, while 20 % had a sweetened drink on most days of the week. One out of four (26%) adolescents had more than two hours of screen time daily, and only 5% engaged in sporting activities up to five times weekly. One-third of the students slept for less than six hours daily and experienced sleeping difficulties. Multivariate analysis showed that females were twice as likely not to participate in sports (OR = 2.38, CI = 1.3-4.37, p = 0.002 and to have a higher intake of confectionaries (OR = 1.47, CI = 1.07-2.04, p = 0.01. Conclusion: Poor dietary habits, inadequate physical activity and insufficient sleep were observed among secondary school adolescents. A multi-pronged approach to improve these behaviours is recommended.
{"title":"Dietary Habits, Physical Activity and Sleep Pattern Among In-School Adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"I. Akinola, Babatunde A. Odugbemi, O. Bakare, O. Odusote, F. Njokanma","doi":"10.30442/ahr.0801-06-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0801-06-157","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Overnutrition has been documented at epidemic levels in children and adults. The associated risk factors may include poor dietary habits, sedentary behaviour, inadequate sleep and low parental education. \u0000Objective: To describe dietary habits, physical activity and sleep patterns among secondary school adolescents. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1,120 adolescents recruited from public and private secondary schools in Lagos, Nigeria, was carried out to study the dietary habits, sleep patterns and physical activity in relation to nutritional status. \u0000Results: Ten per cent of the adolescents skipped breakfast, while 28% had fruits on up to five days of the week. Eleven per cent had a sweetened drink every day, while 20 % had a sweetened drink on most days of the week. One out of four (26%) adolescents had more than two hours of screen time daily, and only 5% engaged in sporting activities up to five times weekly. One-third of the students slept for less than six hours daily and experienced sleeping difficulties. Multivariate analysis showed that females were twice as likely not to participate in sports (OR = 2.38, CI = 1.3-4.37, p = 0.002 and to have a higher intake of confectionaries (OR = 1.47, CI = 1.07-2.04, p = 0.01. \u0000Conclusion: Poor dietary habits, inadequate physical activity and insufficient sleep were observed among secondary school adolescents. A multi-pronged approach to improve these behaviours is recommended.","PeriodicalId":52960,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47267830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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