Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-4-290-301
Valery E. Vorotnitsky
A brief history of the State Electrification Plan of Russia (GOELRO plan) development, established in 1920, and its execution during 15 years is considered. It is shown that the basic statements of the GOELRO plan were developed and discussed in pre-revolutionary Russia, and actually it was a state plan for the development of the country's economy for a long-term period. The analysis of the main trends of development in the world and national electric power industries based on the use of new technologies and techniques for the production, transmission and distribution of electricity is also presented. A list of key systemic problems in the modern Russian electric power industry aroused as a result of its reform in the post-Soviet period is discussed. The conclusion about the need of more active state government participation in the industry management, in the creation of a new regulatory framework to improve the efficiency of the management was done based on the analysis of the mentioned problems. It is suggesting the developing of a new GOELRO plan, which has to take into account modern trends in the development of world energy, the achievements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution; the positive experience of many years in the functioning of the Unified Power System of Russia and the prospects for the economic development of its regions.
{"title":"State Electrification Plan of Russia - an example of a systematic approach to the long-term development of the national electric power industry","authors":"Valery E. Vorotnitsky","doi":"10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-4-290-301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-4-290-301","url":null,"abstract":"A brief history of the State Electrification Plan of Russia (GOELRO plan) development, established in 1920, and its execution during 15 years is considered. It is shown that the basic statements of the GOELRO plan were developed and discussed in pre-revolutionary Russia, and actually it was a state plan for the development of the country's economy for a long-term period. The analysis of the main trends of development in the world and national electric power industries based on the use of new technologies and techniques for the production, transmission and distribution of electricity is also presented. A list of key systemic problems in the modern Russian electric power industry aroused as a result of its reform in the post-Soviet period is discussed. The conclusion about the need of more active state government participation in the industry management, in the creation of a new regulatory framework to improve the efficiency of the management was done based on the analysis of the mentioned problems. It is suggesting the developing of a new GOELRO plan, which has to take into account modern trends in the development of world energy, the achievements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution; the positive experience of many years in the functioning of the Unified Power System of Russia and the prospects for the economic development of its regions.","PeriodicalId":53011,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68268845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-3-159-165
M. A. Gorodetskii, Городецкий Михаил Алексеевич, K. Mikhaylovskiy, Михайловский Константин Валерьевич
One of the most important tasks of the Federal Space Program of Russia for the period until 2025 is the creation of spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth. An integral part of the design of this class spacecraft is the determination of the parameters of the orbits that are most effective from the standpoint of information content, energy supply and the duration of active existence. In orbital flight, the temperature state of spacecraft in a complex way varies in time and space. The inhomogeneous temperature field of the structural elements of spacecraft can cause shape distortion, which adversely affects the performance of targets. A technique for a comprehensive analysis and determination of the platform composite design parameters, which is part of the spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth is proposed. The conditions of thermal loading for flight in a sun-synchronous orbit are considered and mathematical modeling of the operating conditions that ensure the effective operation of such spacecraft is performed. The results of modeling the thermal regime of options for composite platform designs are presented. The technique will be useful in determining the complex of orbital characteristics of the Earth remote sensing satellite at the stage of technical proposals.
{"title":"Development of a design methodology for heat-loaded dimensionally stable elements of carbon plastic construction for a remote sensing of the Earth space equipment","authors":"M. A. Gorodetskii, Городецкий Михаил Алексеевич, K. Mikhaylovskiy, Михайловский Константин Валерьевич","doi":"10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-3-159-165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-3-159-165","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important tasks of the Federal Space Program of Russia for the period until 2025 is the creation of spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth. An integral part of the design of this class spacecraft is the determination of the parameters of the orbits that are most effective from the standpoint of information content, energy supply and the duration of active existence. In orbital flight, the temperature state of spacecraft in a complex way varies in time and space. The inhomogeneous temperature field of the structural elements of spacecraft can cause shape distortion, which adversely affects the performance of targets. A technique for a comprehensive analysis and determination of the platform composite design parameters, which is part of the spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth is proposed. The conditions of thermal loading for flight in a sun-synchronous orbit are considered and mathematical modeling of the operating conditions that ensure the effective operation of such spacecraft is performed. The results of modeling the thermal regime of options for composite platform designs are presented. The technique will be useful in determining the complex of orbital characteristics of the Earth remote sensing satellite at the stage of technical proposals.","PeriodicalId":53011,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46451607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-1-36-47
N. Pankratov, V. Belov
The article deals with the selection of sites for the construction of nuclear installations, radioactive waste disposal sites and other facilities for the use of nuclear energy. The review of modern approaches to the selection of sites for placement of near-surface radioactive waste disposal points shows that the system research in this area is not fully presented, and is mainly aimed at solving problems of an engineering-geological nature for the location area, as well as the choice of materials for engineering protection barriers. In this paper, using the example of radioactive waste disposal sites, we review the requirements set by the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation and the International Atomic Energy Agency in the field of site selection. The authors proposed additions to the methodology for selecting sites for the construction of low-and medium-level waste disposal sites based on the system and GIS analysis of the ALARA principles, as well as the method of weighted evaluation of criteria and their pairwise comparisons. The multi-criteria nature of the site selection problem is proposed to be described by GIS analysis of data with drawing the corresponding limiting and preferred requirements directly on the map of the area, which is shown in the article by the example of selecting sites for radioactive waste disposal points. Taking into account the necessary requirements at various stages of the life cycle, as well as their significance, can be assessed by weighted estimates and pairwise comparisons, followed by their introduction into the GIS analysis. This approach allows to choose rational options for placing potential sites, taking into account the life cycle of the object, in a rational way, with compliance with all necessary regulatory requirements.
{"title":"Selection of sites for the construction of radioactive waste disposal points","authors":"N. Pankratov, V. Belov","doi":"10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-1-36-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-1-36-47","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the selection of sites for the construction of nuclear installations, radioactive waste disposal sites and other facilities for the use of nuclear energy. The review of modern approaches to the selection of sites for placement of near-surface radioactive waste disposal points shows that the system research in this area is not fully presented, and is mainly aimed at solving problems of an engineering-geological nature for the location area, as well as the choice of materials for engineering protection barriers. In this paper, using the example of radioactive waste disposal sites, we review the requirements set by the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation and the International Atomic Energy Agency in the field of site selection. The authors proposed additions to the methodology for selecting sites for the construction of low-and medium-level waste disposal sites based on the system and GIS analysis of the ALARA principles, as well as the method of weighted evaluation of criteria and their pairwise comparisons. The multi-criteria nature of the site selection problem is proposed to be described by GIS analysis of data with drawing the corresponding limiting and preferred requirements directly on the map of the area, which is shown in the article by the example of selecting sites for radioactive waste disposal points. Taking into account the necessary requirements at various stages of the life cycle, as well as their significance, can be assessed by weighted estimates and pairwise comparisons, followed by their introduction into the GIS analysis. This approach allows to choose rational options for placing potential sites, taking into account the life cycle of the object, in a rational way, with compliance with all necessary regulatory requirements.","PeriodicalId":53011,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42423639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-2-144-152
G. Okolnikova, G. I. Tikhonov, G. E. Grishin
This article discusses the background and history of the emergence of innovative, popular today, types of rebar for construction, their distinctive features and quality indicators, the methodology and results of various studies conducted on the basis of NIIZHB named after A.A. Gvozdev of JSC Research Center of Construction and LLC Technological Institute VNIIzhelezobeton . The purpose of this article is to introduce new types of innovative rebar products and demonstrate their advantages. For the tests, the results and methods of which are given in the article, test rolls of rebar with a four-row screw profile were made. In terms of strength and deformability of adhesion to concrete, the reinforcement with multi-row (four-row and six-row) reinforcement profiles significantly surpassed the reinforcement with two-row crescent (European) and screw (GEWI-Stahl analog) profiles. It has demonstrated high adhesion to concrete not only in the operational, but also in the extreme stage of deformation of the reinforcement. This article discusses the background and history of the emergence of innovative, popular today, types of rebar for construction, their distinctive features and quality indicators, the methodology and results of various studies conducted on the basis of NIIZHB named after A.A. Gvozdev of JSC Research Center of Construction and LLC Technological Institute VNIIzhelezobeton . The purpose of this article is to introduce new types of innovative rebar products and demonstrate their advantages. For the tests, the results and methods of which are given in the article, test rolls of rebar with a four-row screw profile were made. In terms of strength and deformability of adhesion to concrete, the reinforcement with multi-row (four-row and six-row) reinforcement profiles significantly surpassed the reinforcement with two-row crescent (European) and screw (GEWI-Stahl analog) profiles. It has demonstrated high adhesion to concrete not only in the operational, but also in the extreme stage of deformation of the reinforcement.
{"title":"Adhesion to concrete of new types of rebar rolled products for construction","authors":"G. Okolnikova, G. I. Tikhonov, G. E. Grishin","doi":"10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-2-144-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-2-144-152","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the background and history of the emergence of innovative, popular today, types of rebar for construction, their distinctive features and quality indicators, the methodology and results of various studies conducted on the basis of NIIZHB named after A.A. Gvozdev of JSC Research Center of Construction and LLC Technological Institute VNIIzhelezobeton . The purpose of this article is to introduce new types of innovative rebar products and demonstrate their advantages. For the tests, the results and methods of which are given in the article, test rolls of rebar with a four-row screw profile were made. In terms of strength and deformability of adhesion to concrete, the reinforcement with multi-row (four-row and six-row) reinforcement profiles significantly surpassed the reinforcement with two-row crescent (European) and screw (GEWI-Stahl analog) profiles. It has demonstrated high adhesion to concrete not only in the operational, but also in the extreme stage of deformation of the reinforcement. This article discusses the background and history of the emergence of innovative, popular today, types of rebar for construction, their distinctive features and quality indicators, the methodology and results of various studies conducted on the basis of NIIZHB named after A.A. Gvozdev of JSC Research Center of Construction and LLC Technological Institute VNIIzhelezobeton . The purpose of this article is to introduce new types of innovative rebar products and demonstrate their advantages. For the tests, the results and methods of which are given in the article, test rolls of rebar with a four-row screw profile were made. In terms of strength and deformability of adhesion to concrete, the reinforcement with multi-row (four-row and six-row) reinforcement profiles significantly surpassed the reinforcement with two-row crescent (European) and screw (GEWI-Stahl analog) profiles. It has demonstrated high adhesion to concrete not only in the operational, but also in the extreme stage of deformation of the reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":53011,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46617691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-4-260-270
Y. Lachuga, D. Strebkov, Z. Godzhaev, I. Y. Redko
An important component of complex integrated energy supply systems is the electrification of mobile power facilities of the agro-industrial complex, which will significantly affect the synthesis of energy systems. The basis of mobile energy facilities are multifunctional energy technology complexes (MEC) of the traction-energy concept with multi-channel distribution of energy flows of different physical nature. Based on the logical analysis of the mobile MEC, a technological scheme consisting of three subsystems is constructed: 1) factors of external conditions; 2) general design and layout solutions; 3) energy and operational properties of the mobile MEC. Energy connections are established between these subsystems and the system elements. A differentiated method for evaluating the energy efficiency of using alternative fuels and an original mathematical model of the generalized mobile MEC have been developed, which will allow determining the type of MEC, optimal design and layout solutions, operating modes and parameters at the design stage.
{"title":"Electrification of agricultural mobile power facilities based on the traction and energy concept of technology development","authors":"Y. Lachuga, D. Strebkov, Z. Godzhaev, I. Y. Redko","doi":"10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-4-260-270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-4-260-270","url":null,"abstract":"An important component of complex integrated energy supply systems is the electrification of mobile power facilities of the agro-industrial complex, which will significantly affect the synthesis of energy systems. The basis of mobile energy facilities are multifunctional energy technology complexes (MEC) of the traction-energy concept with multi-channel distribution of energy flows of different physical nature. Based on the logical analysis of the mobile MEC, a technological scheme consisting of three subsystems is constructed: 1) factors of external conditions; 2) general design and layout solutions; 3) energy and operational properties of the mobile MEC. Energy connections are established between these subsystems and the system elements. A differentiated method for evaluating the energy efficiency of using alternative fuels and an original mathematical model of the generalized mobile MEC have been developed, which will allow determining the type of MEC, optimal design and layout solutions, operating modes and parameters at the design stage.","PeriodicalId":53011,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41672312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-1-94-98
N. Novikov, S. Samchenko, G. Okolnikova
Due to the active development of industries using nuclear technology, the creation of highly effective and cost-effective building materials for protection against hazardous ionizing radiation is of increasing interest. Widespread in the field of radiation-protective building materials are barite-containing concrete. The purpose of this article is to establish the prospects of their use in nuclear facilities, as well as to find ways to improve their technical and operational characteristics. For this an analysis of relevant literature and scientific research in the field of radiation-protective materials and, in particular, barite-containing concrete was carried out. The advantages of barite-containing concrete are high radiation-protective properties, environmental friendliness, high density, as well as economic indicators. The disadvantages are high susceptibility to shrinkage deformation and poor resistance to cyclic temperature effects. The addition of barite to the concrete composition allows to increase the coefficient of linear absorption of -rays of the material; also, with the proper selection of the composition, such material may have strength characteristics equal to or superior to the characteristics of concrete with standard compositions. Barite-containing materials have a wide range of applications and can be used both for the production of heavy concrete in the construction of load-bearing structures and in the creation of radiation-protective coatings for walls and floors.
{"title":"Barite-containing radiation protective building materials","authors":"N. Novikov, S. Samchenko, G. Okolnikova","doi":"10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-1-94-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-1-94-98","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the active development of industries using nuclear technology, the creation of highly effective and cost-effective building materials for protection against hazardous ionizing radiation is of increasing interest. Widespread in the field of radiation-protective building materials are barite-containing concrete. The purpose of this article is to establish the prospects of their use in nuclear facilities, as well as to find ways to improve their technical and operational characteristics. For this an analysis of relevant literature and scientific research in the field of radiation-protective materials and, in particular, barite-containing concrete was carried out. The advantages of barite-containing concrete are high radiation-protective properties, environmental friendliness, high density, as well as economic indicators. The disadvantages are high susceptibility to shrinkage deformation and poor resistance to cyclic temperature effects. The addition of barite to the concrete composition allows to increase the coefficient of linear absorption of -rays of the material; also, with the proper selection of the composition, such material may have strength characteristics equal to or superior to the characteristics of concrete with standard compositions. Barite-containing materials have a wide range of applications and can be used both for the production of heavy concrete in the construction of load-bearing structures and in the creation of radiation-protective coatings for walls and floors.","PeriodicalId":53011,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48669137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-2-123-130
V. Abramov
The effects of induced polarization (IP) in the ore bodies and host rocks in the frequencies above 1 000 000 Hz were considered. The phase response of the complex resistivity (CR) system equipment Geozond have been explored instrumentally. The reliability of high-frequency IP measurements was confirmed by independent verification by mining activities. The results confirm the presence of IP effects in the ore bodies and host rocks. They suggest the necessity to account for IP effects in the interpretation of electromagnetic data, in particular, in induction logging data. The purpose of mathematical computer modeling in this work was to study the propagation of a high frequency electromagnetic field from a linear current source in a material medium by solving Maxwell's equations using finite-difference approximations (iterations) in the time domain. The measurement results were processed according to a well-known scheme, using the method of iterative selection in automatic mode. This allows to use this method for end-to-end calculation of electromagnetic fields in complex three-dimensional inhomogeneous structures.
{"title":"Some peculiarities of the polarization structure of the electromagnetic field at high frequencies in geological sections: mathematical solutions and experiments","authors":"V. Abramov","doi":"10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-2-123-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-2-123-130","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of induced polarization (IP) in the ore bodies and host rocks in the frequencies above 1 000 000 Hz were considered. The phase response of the complex resistivity (CR) system equipment Geozond have been explored instrumentally. The reliability of high-frequency IP measurements was confirmed by independent verification by mining activities. The results confirm the presence of IP effects in the ore bodies and host rocks. They suggest the necessity to account for IP effects in the interpretation of electromagnetic data, in particular, in induction logging data. The purpose of mathematical computer modeling in this work was to study the propagation of a high frequency electromagnetic field from a linear current source in a material medium by solving Maxwell's equations using finite-difference approximations (iterations) in the time domain. The measurement results were processed according to a well-known scheme, using the method of iterative selection in automatic mode. This allows to use this method for end-to-end calculation of electromagnetic fields in complex three-dimensional inhomogeneous structures.","PeriodicalId":53011,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48972942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-1-48-57
A. Kotelnikov, D. Kolmakova, E. M. Kotelnikova
The purpose of the article is to determine the sequence of mineral formation of copper-nickel ores of Kun-Manie deposit, which is located in Zeya district of Amur region. Three ore chutes take part in the structure of the deposit. Ore-bearing formations are sheet and sheetlike bodies of ultra-basic composition of the Kun-Manien complex, lying among rocks of crystal foundation of the Early Archean. Among the rocks, hornblende differences of gabbro-pyroxenites and pyroxenites predominate. In addition to nickel, the ores contain a wide range of associated components. The ores oxidation zone within the deposit and the entire ore field is not developed. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that detailed studies of ore minerals have not previously been carried out. The study presented in the work was conducted by polarizing ore microscope on polished ore samples characterizing different zones of the ore body. The result of the study was the establishment of mineral paragenesis and the sequence of mineral formation. It has been determined that the main ore minerals are pyrrhotine, pentlandite, also found - pyrite, chalcopyrite, less often - ilmenite, magnetite, sphalerite, platinum group elements. Ore mineralization formed in two stages. The magmatic stage is an early and main mineral formation phases including pyrite-magnetite, polymetallic and pentlandite associations. The hydrothermal stage is a late phase involving a pyrite association.
{"title":"Determination of the copper-nickel ores formation sequence of the Kun-Manye deposit (Amur region)","authors":"A. Kotelnikov, D. Kolmakova, E. M. Kotelnikova","doi":"10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-1-48-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-1-48-57","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to determine the sequence of mineral formation of copper-nickel ores of Kun-Manie deposit, which is located in Zeya district of Amur region. Three ore chutes take part in the structure of the deposit. Ore-bearing formations are sheet and sheetlike bodies of ultra-basic composition of the Kun-Manien complex, lying among rocks of crystal foundation of the Early Archean. Among the rocks, hornblende differences of gabbro-pyroxenites and pyroxenites predominate. In addition to nickel, the ores contain a wide range of associated components. The ores oxidation zone within the deposit and the entire ore field is not developed. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that detailed studies of ore minerals have not previously been carried out. The study presented in the work was conducted by polarizing ore microscope on polished ore samples characterizing different zones of the ore body. The result of the study was the establishment of mineral paragenesis and the sequence of mineral formation. It has been determined that the main ore minerals are pyrrhotine, pentlandite, also found - pyrite, chalcopyrite, less often - ilmenite, magnetite, sphalerite, platinum group elements. Ore mineralization formed in two stages. The magmatic stage is an early and main mineral formation phases including pyrite-magnetite, polymetallic and pentlandite associations. The hydrothermal stage is a late phase involving a pyrite association.","PeriodicalId":53011,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48264825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-4-302-308
I. Kirpichnikova, Кирпичникова Ирина Михайловна
The description of the state of power engineering in Russia in the pre-revolutionary period, data on the production of electricity per capita are presented. A brief history of the creation of a commission for the development of the State Electrification Plan of Russia (GOELRO plan) and some results of its implementation are provided. The construction of the first large power plant in the South Urals, built according to the GOELRO plan, - Chelyabinsk State District Power Plant, which at that time was of great importance for the development of the region's industry and remains one of the most powerful power plants at the present time, is described. The possibilities of using renewable energy sources, in particular local hydropower resources for energy production, are disclosed. The problems of the Porozhskaya Hydropower Plant - the oldest and unique hydroelectric power plant in the Urals are designated, the characteristics of small hydropower plants in the Southern Urals are given, the prospects for using the hydropower potential of the Chelyabinsk region are revealed. The potential of solar and wind energy is discussed, the characteristics and features of solar power plants in the Urals and wind power plants with a vertical axis of rotation, developed at the South Ural State University, are specified. It is established that biomass as a resource for energy production has good prospects for use, but due to climatic conditions, this direction has not yet been developed. It is shown that small and distributed energy is still an important component in the general energy of the region and the country.
{"title":"Analysis of the formation of large and small power generation in the Southern Urals","authors":"I. Kirpichnikova, Кирпичникова Ирина Михайловна","doi":"10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-4-302-308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-4-302-308","url":null,"abstract":"The description of the state of power engineering in Russia in the pre-revolutionary period, data on the production of electricity per capita are presented. A brief history of the creation of a commission for the development of the State Electrification Plan of Russia (GOELRO plan) and some results of its implementation are provided. The construction of the first large power plant in the South Urals, built according to the GOELRO plan, - Chelyabinsk State District Power Plant, which at that time was of great importance for the development of the region's industry and remains one of the most powerful power plants at the present time, is described. The possibilities of using renewable energy sources, in particular local hydropower resources for energy production, are disclosed. The problems of the Porozhskaya Hydropower Plant - the oldest and unique hydroelectric power plant in the Urals are designated, the characteristics of small hydropower plants in the Southern Urals are given, the prospects for using the hydropower potential of the Chelyabinsk region are revealed. The potential of solar and wind energy is discussed, the characteristics and features of solar power plants in the Urals and wind power plants with a vertical axis of rotation, developed at the South Ural State University, are specified. It is established that biomass as a resource for energy production has good prospects for use, but due to climatic conditions, this direction has not yet been developed. It is shown that small and distributed energy is still an important component in the general energy of the region and the country.","PeriodicalId":53011,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46396813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-4-244-253
I. Y. Redko, A. Malozemov, G. Malozemov, A. Naumov, D. Kozminykh
A method has been developed for a comprehensive multi-criteria assessment of the efficiency of using inverter power plants as part of multifunctional energy-technological complexes with technical solutions aimed at reducing the negative consequences of the internal combustion engine operation with an optimal from the point of view of fuel efficiency speed. The method includes: synthesis of the optimal engine speed control algorithm, determination of the complex operating modes under operating conditions, assessment of changes in fuel consumption and harmful substances emissions with exhaust gases and resource consumption rate when the engine is switched to the operating mode with the optimal speed, complex technical and economic assessment of the inverter power plants efficiency. On the example of an inverter power plant with a capacity of 100 kW, the need to apply the method is proved. It was found that the engine operation with the optimal from the point of view of fuel efficiency speed and without additional design measures entails an increase in the damage accumulation rate by 1.7-2.1 times and therefore is economically inexpedient, despite a decrease in fuel consumption by 1% or more. It was found that a decrease in the compression ratio with a simultaneous increase in the boost pressure makes it possible to increase the engine resource up to a functional failure due to damage accumulation by 43% and to a parametric failure due to wear by 32%, while the operating costs of the inverter power plant will decrease by 3.7% relative to the base (no changes) power plants. The emission of soot particles will decrease by about 2 times, nitrogen oxides - by 2%, hydrocarbons - almost to zero.
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