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El ejercicio de la acción penal por particular 私人起诉
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.37293/sapientiae101.05
Octavio Martínez Cázarez
This article aims to analyze the figure of private criminal action enshrined in current Mexican laws from a humanistic perspective. It will approach this analysis from the denominative, governmental, and legal formality perspectives. By examining these factors, the study will assess whether the process established by legislators guarantees legal certainty and procedural fairness for those who play the role of defendants, accused, or suspects. Additionally, it will evaluate the rights of the victim, ensuring their procedural fairness and the rule of law. To carry out this research, a dogmatic legal methodology was employed. This methodology involved the critical and systematic analysis of legal norms, doctrine, and jurisprudence related to the topic of study. Various research techniques were used, such as the analysis of legal texts, the consultation of specialized bibliography, and the review of relevant jurisprudence. The results of the study indicate that, while private criminal action represents a step forward in the protection of victims' rights, it must be implemented and exercised with extreme caution and within a robust legal framework that protects the rights of all parties involved.
本文旨在从人文角度分析墨西哥现行法律中的私人刑事诉讼。文章将从教派、政府和法律形式的角度进行分析。通过对这些因素的研究,本研究将评估立法者制定的程序是否保证了被告、被指控人或嫌疑人的法律确定性和程序公正性。此外,研究还将评估受害者的权利,确保其程序公正和法治。为了开展这项研究,我们采用了教条式的法律方法。这种方法涉及对与研究主题相关的法律规范、理论和判例进行批判性和系统性分析。研究中使用了多种研究方法,如分析法律文本、查阅专业书籍和回顾相关判例。研究结果表明,虽然私人刑事诉讼是在保护受害者权利方面向前迈出的一步,但在实施和行使时必须极为谨慎,并且必须在一个强有力的法律框架内进行,以保护所有相关方的权利。
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引用次数: 0
Nuances in technical-scientific writing skills presented by Angolan university students: A thematic analysis 安哥拉大学生科技写作能力的细微差别:专题分析
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.37293/sapientiae101.02
João Canoquena, Maria Rodriguez, Sérgio Samba
A ocorrência de erros em trabalhos acadêmicos escritos tais como monografias, dissertações e teses de estudantes universitários constitui uma realidade muito comum, uma vez que as insuficiências nesta fase de preparação técnico-cientifica tendem a ser paradigmáticas. Entretanto, a análise de comentários dos revisores destes trabalhos tem-se mostrado como um aspecto inédito na literatura cientifica. Com o objetivo de examinar as nuances entre os diferentes erros dos estudantes universitários, o presente artigo apresenta uma análise temática (Campos, 2004; Herzog et.al. 2019) dos comentários feitos por docentes universitários na correcção de monografias, dissertações e teses de estudantes de licenciaturas, mestrados e doutoramentos em duas universidades angolanas situadas na capital do país, Luanda, de 2012 à 2021. Essas análises temáticas permitiram classificar as inaptidões linguistas em códigos, facilitando assim que se avaliasse as diferenças (ainda que pequenas) entre as categorias de erros. Por intermédio desta examinação de nuances de erros de estudantes universitários foi possível identificar e demonstrar a frequência de determinado tipo de erros em comparação às outras categorias de inaptidões. Os resultados aqui apresentados indicam que a adesão à normas de redacçao técnico-cientifica constitui um dos maiores desafios para os acadêmicos examinados no período e nas instituições do ensino superior incluídas neste estudo. Entre as soluções, este estudo sugere o foco em aspectos mais amplos de redacçao acadêmica como o comportamento científico e o fazer cientifico.  
大学生在专著、学位论文和毕业论文等学术著作中出现错误是非常普遍的现象,因为在这一阶段的科技准备工作中存在的不足往往是典型性的。然而,对这些作品的审稿人意见进行分析,在科学文献中还从未见过。为了研究大学生不同错误之间的细微差别,本文对位于安哥拉首都罗安达的两所大学的本科生、硕士生和博士生的专著、论文和毕业论文进行了专题分析(Campos, 2004; Herzog et.al. 2019),分析了大学讲师在2012年至2021年期间对专著、论文和毕业论文的修改意见。通过这些专题分析,可以将语言缺陷分为若干代码,从而更容易评估错误类别之间的差异(尽管差异很小)。通过研究大学生错误的细微差别,可以发现并证明某些类型的错误相对于其他类型的语言能力缺失的发生频率。本研究的结果表明,遵守科技写作标准是这一时期和本研究所涉高等教育机构的学者们面临的最大挑战之一。在解决方案中,本研究建议关注学术写作的更广泛方面,如科学行为和科学实践。
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引用次数: 0
Insegurança alimentar em adultos Yoreme-Mayo no noroeste do México 墨西哥西北部 Yoreme-Mayo 族成年人的粮食不安全状况
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.37293/sapientiae101.03
Mariel Heredia-Morales, Adán Alexis Pinzón Moreno, Félix Gerardo Buichia-Sombra, Liliana Estefanía Ramírez Jaime, Guadalupe Adriana Miranda Cota
Food Insecurity constitutes a significant challenge for public health, since it is experienced mainly in individuals belonging to vulnerable and historically backward groups, such as the case of Mexican indigenous groups. The structuralist theory of Lévi-Strauss in 1969, proposes a perspective approach to nutrition and its complexity as a process socially affected by macro and micro influences that impact the nutrition of family groups. The article objective was to describe food insecurity in indigenous Yoreme-Mayo adults of northwest Mexico. The study was descriptive and transversal study. The sample is 212 adults aged 18 years and older who live in a Yoreme-Mayo indigenous community. Sampling was by snowball. The Mexican Food Safety Scale, anthropometric measurements of weight, height and waist circumference and a sociodemographic data sheet were used. An average age of 38.78 (18 - 78) was found, men predominated (f = 115; 54.2%). The activities with salary were the domain occupation (f = 151; 71.2%) and 82.1% (f = 174) received less than 6,000 pesos M.N. monthly. Likewise, the general prevalence of food insecurity was 89.2% (f =189) where the most affected groups were women (f = 87, 51.8%), people aged 18 to 29 (f = 67, 31.6%) and individuals with high BMI (f = 120, 56.6%). Conclusion: Food insecurity occurs in the Yoreme-Mayo ethnic group without distinction of social and demographic characteristics. Correlation studies are recommended to identify factors that are related to the phenomenon studied.
粮食不安全是公共卫生面临的一个重大挑战,因为它主要发生在属于弱势和历史落后群体的个人身上,例如墨西哥土著群体。1969 年,列维-斯特劳斯(Lévi-Strauss)的结构主义理论提出了一种透视营养及其复杂性的方法,认为营养是一个受宏观和微观影响的社会过程,影响着家庭群体的营养。文章的目的是描述墨西哥西北部原住民 Yoreme-Mayo 成人的粮食不安全状况。本研究为描述性横向研究。样本为生活在 Yoreme-Mayo 土著社区的 212 名 18 岁及以上的成年人。抽样采用滚雪球方式。使用了墨西哥食品安全量表、体重、身高和腰围等人体测量数据以及社会人口数据表。平均年龄为 38.78 岁(18 - 78 岁),男性占多数(115 人;54.2%)。拿工资的活动是主要职业(女性 = 151;71.2%),82.1%(女性 = 174)的月收入低于 6 000 比索。同样,粮食不安全的总体发生率为 89.2%(女性 = 189),其中受影响最大的群体是女性(女性 = 87,51.8%)、18 至 29 岁人群(女性 = 67,31.6%)和体重指数高的人(女性 = 120,56.6%)。结论Yoreme-Mayo族群的粮食不安全现象与社会和人口特征无关。建议进行相关研究,以确定与所研究现象相关的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Validation of a claw assessment scale for university students in Angola 为安哥拉大学生验证爪式评估量表
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.37293/sapientiae101.07
Isabel Romero, Samuel Tumbula, L. Almeida
A procura de uma vaga no Ensino Superior em Angola tem sido um desafio enfrentado pelos jovens. Apesar de ser notório o aumento de Instituições do Ensino Superior, ainda são exíguas as vagas para se atender a uma demanda crescente. Por outro lado, e considerando a vontade e o desejo de frequentar o Ensino Superior (ES), nem sempre os jovens escolhem o curso que representa a sua verdadeira vocação. Esta realidade requer maior volume de investigação sobre o acesso e sucesso no ES, o que apenas pode ocorrer se os investigadores tiverem à sua disposição instrumentos validados para a avaliação das variáveis relevantes em tais estudos. Assim, o presente artigo teve como objectivo a apresentação de dados relativos à validação da “Escala de Avaliação da Garra: Versão Internacional em Língua Portuguesa” (EAGrIt-LP) para a população estudantil universitária de Angola. Para o feito, procedeu-se à análise da estrutura factorial dos itens para identificar as dimensões subjacentes e, de seguida, a precisão e sensibilidade dos resultados. Das análises realizadas verificaram-se adequados índices psicométricos em termos de validade, precisão e sensibilidade dos resultados. Traduzindo a garra uma medida da motivação e compromisso dos estudantes com os seus objectivos e projectos de formação, antecipa-se o interesse da sua utilização na investigação sobre rendimento académico e nas actividades de orientação vocacional e desenvolvimento de carreira em adolescentes.
在安哥拉,接受高等教育一直是年轻人面临的一项挑战。虽然高等教育机构的数量有了明显增加,但名额仍然太少,无法满足日益增长的需求。另一方面,考虑到接受高等教育(HE)的意愿和愿望,年轻人并不总是选择代表其真正使命的课程。这一现实需要对高等教育的入学和成功率进行更多的研究,而这只有在研究人员拥有有效的工具来评估此类研究中的相关变量时才能实现。因此,本文旨在介绍针对安哥拉大学生群体的 "握力评估量表:国际葡萄牙语版"(EAGrIt-LP)的验证数据。为此,我们对项目的因子结构进行了分析,以确定基本维度,进而确定结果的准确性和敏感性。所进行的分析表明,在结果的有效性、精确性和敏感性方面,心理测量学指数是充分的。由于 "爪状图 "是衡量学生对其培训目标和项目的动机和承诺的一种方法,因此预计它将在学业成绩研究以及青少年职业指导和职业发展活动中发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
Trayectoria del Banco Occidental de México, s. A., primer banco regional en Sinaloa: 44 años de historia 锡那罗亚州第一家地区性银行--墨西哥西方银行(Banco Occidental de México, s. A.)的发展轨迹:44 年的历史
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.37293/sapientiae101.04
María de los Ángeles Sitlalit García Murillo, Gustavo Aguilar Aguilar, Juan Antonio Fernández Velázquez
The research on the "Trajectory of Banco Occidental de México, S. A., the first regional bank in Sinaloa: 44 years of history" analyzes the bank's trajectory since its foundation in 1980, highlighting its role as the first regional bank in Sinaloa and its contribution to the state's economic and financial development. It will be based on a documentary analysis, case study, and literature review, to understand in depth the bank's history and its impact on Sinaloa. Relevant authors such as Dr. Ana Isabel Grijalva Díaz and Drs. Cerutti, M. and C. Marichal will contribute to the research. The study identifies the positive impact of Banco Occidental on the expansion of agricultural production, crop diversification, the modernization of the countryside, the dynamism of the commercial sector, the modernization of industrial processes, and job creation. The article provides a valuable contribution to the understanding of the economic history of Sinaloa, highlighting the crucial role of regional banking in local economic development.
关于 "锡那罗亚州第一家地区性银行--墨西哥西方银行股份有限公司的发展轨迹:44 年的历史 "的研究分析了该银行自 1980 年成立以来的发展轨迹,强调了其作为锡那罗亚州第一家地区性银行的作用及其对该州经济和金融发展的贡献。研究将以文献分析、案例研究和文献综述为基础,深入了解该银行的历史及其对锡那罗亚州的影响。Ana Isabel Grijalva Díaz 博士、Cerutti, M. 和 C. Marichal 博士等相关作者将为研究做出贡献。该研究确定了西方银行对农业生产扩大、作物多样化、农村现代化、商业部门活力、工业流程现代化和创造就业机会的积极影响。文章为了解锡那罗亚州的经济史做出了宝贵贡献,突出了地区银行业在当地经济发展中的关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Determinantes de los ingresos fiscales en Ecuador: periodo 2010 – 2022 厄瓜多尔税收的决定因素:2010-2022 年
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.37293/sapientiae101.08
Jorlene Del Cisne Fernández Moreno, Amada Roxana Coronel Asunción, Virgilio Eduardo Salcedo Muñoz, Vicente Hermogenes Arias-Montero
El presente estudio analiza los determinantes de los ingresos fiscales en Ecuador durante el período 2010-2022, con el objetivo de identificar los factores que influyen en su generación y evaluar su impacto en la economía ecuatoriana. La investigación aborda la problemática de la alta dependencia de los ingresos petroleros y la volatilidad fiscal resultante. Se emplea una metodología de enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando datos numéricos de variables fiscales obtenidos de organismos oficiales. El estudio aplica un análisis descriptivo y el método inductivo, complementado con técnicas de análisis de series de tiempo para examinar patrones y tendencias en los ingresos fiscales. Los resultados muestran que los ingresos fiscales estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por factores como el crecimiento económico (PIB), las recaudaciones netas del Servicio de Rentas Internas, las exportaciones petroleras y el gasto público. Se destaca la excesiva dependencia de las exportaciones petroleras, lo que generó vulnerabilidad ante las fluctuaciones de precios internacionales del crudo. Asimismo, el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 afectó negativamente la recaudación. Se concluye que es necesario diversificar las fuentes de ingresos y reducir la dependencia de los hidrocarburos. Además, se requiere fortalecer la progresividad tributaria, mejorar la eficiencia en la administración tributaria y promover una gestión fiscal prudente y sostenible a largo plazo. Estas medidas contribuirían a estabilizar las finanzas públicas y promover un desarrollo económico más equitativo y resiliente en Ecuador.
本研究分析了 2010-2022 年期间厄瓜多尔财政收入的决定因素,旨在确定影响财政收入产生的因素并评估其对厄瓜多尔经济的影响。研究解决了对石油收入的高度依赖以及由此导致的财政波动问题。研究采用定量方法,使用从官方机构获得的财政变量数字数据。研究采用了描述性分析和归纳法,并辅以时间序列分析技术来研究税收的模式和趋势。结果表明,财政收入受经济增长(国内生产总值)、国内税收署净收入、石油出口和公共支出等因素的影响很大。对石油出口的过度依赖凸显出来,这导致了对国际油价波动的脆弱性。此外,COVID-19 大流行病的影响也对税收产生了负面影响。结论是有必要使收入来源多样化,减少对碳氢化合物的依赖。此外,还需要加强税收累进性,提高税收征管效率,促进审慎和可持续的长期财政管理。这些措施将有助于稳定厄瓜多尔的公共财政,促进更公平和更有弹性的经济发展。
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引用次数: 0
Tradiciones e identidad: La Cultura Angoleña en la Obra Literaria de Óscar Bento Ribas 传统与身份:Óscar Bento Ribas 文学作品中的安哥拉文化
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.37293/sapientiae101.09
Elexis Craib Díaz, Josefina Castillero Velásquez, Odete Malaquias
Angolan writer Óscar Bento Ribas has revealed the cultural customs and oral traditions of the Angolan people through traditional tales and poetry, which show the experiences of the population transmitted from generation to generation, where words originating from the Kimbundu language are recognized and disseminated. However, young people are unaware of this legacy that exalts native memories, uses and customs; this, the problem identified in this research is insufficient knowledge of literary works by national authors who have promoted angolan culture. This narrative motivated an investigation based on the following objective: to analyze literary works by Óscar Bento Ribas, in the sociocultural context of Angola at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The study was carried out using analytical-hermeneutic method, applied to documentary reviews of literary works, taking into account essays, short stories, novels, dramas and lyricism. The main theoretical references were: Neves (2008), Sousa (2010), Tindó (2010) and Calivala (2015), who dealt with different phases of the angolan writer´s life and work, with a view to publicizing his literary creation. The results obtained provide information on biographical data, orientations related to the narratives and a sociocultural approach to the author; who, through his writing, preserved and disseminated the identity characteristics and values of the nation, through a writing style that illustrated conversations, dialects, human relationships, mysticism, feelings, experiences and regional food surrounded by exuberant nature.
安哥拉作家奥斯卡-本托-里巴斯(Óscar Bento Ribas)通过传统故事和诗歌揭示了安哥拉人民的文化习俗和口头传统,这些故事和诗歌展示了代代相传的民众经验,其中源自金本杜语的词汇得到了认可和传播。然而,年轻人并不了解这些弘扬本土记忆、用途和习俗的遗产;因此,本研究发现的问题是对弘扬安哥拉文化的本国作家的文学作品了解不足。在这种情况下,基于以下目标开展了一项调查:在 19 世纪末 20 世纪初安哥拉的社会文化背景下,分析 Óscar Bento Ribas 的文学作品。研究采用了分析-继承法,适用于文学作品的文献评论,考虑到散文、短篇小说、长篇小说、戏剧和抒情诗。主要理论参考文献有Neves(2008 年)、Sousa(2010 年)、Tindó(2010 年)和 Calivala(2015 年),他们论述了安哥拉作家生活和工作的不同阶段,旨在宣传其文学创作。研究结果提供了有关作者的传记资料、叙事方向和社会文化方法的信息;作者通过他的写作风格,展现了对话、方言、人际关系、神秘主义、情感、经历和被繁茂的大自然环绕的地方美食,保留并传播了民族的身份特征和价值观。
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引用次数: 0
Gender Equality in Football Refereeing: A Critical Analysis from the Perception of Referees in Ecuador 足球裁判工作中的性别平等:从厄瓜多尔裁判的角度进行批判性分析
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.37293/sapientiae101.06
Migdalia Villavicencio, Yuri Andrea Orjuela Ramirez
A partir de los avances deportivos del fútbol, no solo en material tecnológico sino humano, se hace imperante la integración de mujeres en el arbitraje. Por ello el objetivo de este artículo es determinar las percepciones de igualdad de género en el arbitraje de fútbol de los árbitros y árbitras de Ecuador.  Se utilizó un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo, empleando métodos inductivo- deductivo, histórico lógico, analítico sintético. Se aplicó un instrumento tipo cuestionario de 29 preguntas a una muestra de 120 sujetos que hacen vida del arbitraje de futbol ecuatoriano. Como conclusión se resalta la necesidad de romper con los estereotipos constituidos culturalmente, posibilitando nuevos escenarios para visibilizar la mujer árbitra.
随着足球运动的发展,不仅在技术方面,而且在人力资源方面都取得了进步,妇女参与裁判工作已成为当务之急。因此,本文旨在确定厄瓜多尔男女裁判员对足球裁判工作中性别平等的看法。 本文采用了归纳-演绎、历史-逻辑、分析-综合的定量方法。对 120 名参与厄瓜多尔足球裁判工作的受试者进行了问卷调查,共提出 29 个问题。作为结论,强调了打破文化上的陈规定型观念的必要性,从而使新的方案成为可能,让人们看到女性裁判员。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: acesso aberto diamante: uma visão do contexto angolano 社论:钻石开放式获取:安哥拉的愿景
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.37293/sapientiae101.01
Eurico Wongo Gungula
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引用次数: 0
Papel da metacognição no processo de investigação científica 元认知在科学研究过程中的作用
Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.37293/sapientiae92.01
Eurico Wongo Gungula, Josefina Castillero Velásquez, Elexis Craib Díaz
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引用次数: 0
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