Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-536-545
I. Glamazdin, A. Tkachev, O. Tkacheva, E. Krotova, S. Drukovskiy, A. Petrov
Rodents are one of the largest groups of existing mammals and number more than 2,270 known species, which is almost 42 % of the total biodiversity of worldwide-distributed mammals (except Antarctica and some islands). They are well adapted to various habitats and are known to live alongside people and livestock complexes. The purpose of the study was to study infestation of mice with ixodid ticks in forests of the Belgorod region adjacent to livestock and poultry farms. The study was carried out in 2019-2022. The extensiveness of mice infestation was observed in Sylvaemus sylvaticus species, which was 13.26 % higher (P 0.05) than in Sylvimus flavicollis , and 24.33 % higher (P 0.01) than in Apodemus agrarius . The intensity of infestation with preimaginal (larvae and nymphs) stages of Ixodes ricinus ticks had wide fluctuations depending on the type of synanthropic rodent. Thus, the highest intensity was noted in Sylvaemus sylvaticus mice, which was 8.73 and 13.56 % higher (P 0.001) compared to Sylvimus flavicollis and Apodemus agrarius mice, respectively. The maximum infestation of male synanthropic mouse species was 31 ticks in Sylvaemus sylvaticus , 19 ticks in Sylvimus flavicollis , and 9 ticks in Apodemus agrarius . The intensity of infestation in synanthropic mice was the highest in the summer months (from July to August) and decreased slightly in autumn. In autumn, 41.2 % of the examined rodents were infested with ticks, the predominant species was Ixodes ricinus (larvae). Larvae and nymphs of Ixodes ricinus ticks were more often attached to rodents in the head area (mainly on the ears) - 82 %, less often on other parts of the body - 1 8 %. A smaller number of ticks were present on neck, body, legs, sometimes parasites were found on tail.
{"title":"Infestation of mice with ixodid ticks in forests of Belgorod region","authors":"I. Glamazdin, A. Tkachev, O. Tkacheva, E. Krotova, S. Drukovskiy, A. Petrov","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-536-545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-536-545","url":null,"abstract":"Rodents are one of the largest groups of existing mammals and number more than 2,270 known species, which is almost 42 % of the total biodiversity of worldwide-distributed mammals (except Antarctica and some islands). They are well adapted to various habitats and are known to live alongside people and livestock complexes. The purpose of the study was to study infestation of mice with ixodid ticks in forests of the Belgorod region adjacent to livestock and poultry farms. The study was carried out in 2019-2022. The extensiveness of mice infestation was observed in Sylvaemus sylvaticus species, which was 13.26 % higher (P 0.05) than in Sylvimus flavicollis , and 24.33 % higher (P 0.01) than in Apodemus agrarius . The intensity of infestation with preimaginal (larvae and nymphs) stages of Ixodes ricinus ticks had wide fluctuations depending on the type of synanthropic rodent. Thus, the highest intensity was noted in Sylvaemus sylvaticus mice, which was 8.73 and 13.56 % higher (P 0.001) compared to Sylvimus flavicollis and Apodemus agrarius mice, respectively. The maximum infestation of male synanthropic mouse species was 31 ticks in Sylvaemus sylvaticus , 19 ticks in Sylvimus flavicollis , and 9 ticks in Apodemus agrarius . The intensity of infestation in synanthropic mice was the highest in the summer months (from July to August) and decreased slightly in autumn. In autumn, 41.2 % of the examined rodents were infested with ticks, the predominant species was Ixodes ricinus (larvae). Larvae and nymphs of Ixodes ricinus ticks were more often attached to rodents in the head area (mainly on the ears) - 82 %, less often on other parts of the body - 1 8 %. A smaller number of ticks were present on neck, body, legs, sometimes parasites were found on tail.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46787399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-484-498
Maria V. Kornelaeva, G. Karlikova
Due to violation of husbandry, feeding, milking, non-observance of sanitary requirements, especially in postpartum period, cases of endometritis, mastitis and limb diseases in cows increase in conditions of intensive cattle breeding. These diseases adversely affect reproductive and productive qualities of animals, thus causing great financial losses to agribusiness. Therefore, increasing longevity of animals, reducing percentage of their elimination due to various diseases, reducing risk of economically significant diseases in dairy herds by selecting highly productive animals with high resistance to common diseases are relevant. The aim of the research was to study phenotypic relationship between fertility level and milk production of black-motley Holsteinized cows with different diseases at the farm in Moscow region. The research materials were 1234 records of diseases - endometritis, mastitis and limb diseases - obtained from veterinary outpatient logs (2015-2021) of the breeding organization. Information about 5 signs of milk productivity and 3 signs of fertility of the studied population of black-motley Holsteinized dairy cattle was taken from Seleks database. According to the results, significant (p 0.01) increase was observed in sick animals in comparison with healthy ones: number of inseminations per lactation - b y 33.5 %, open days - b y 7.3 %, milk days - b y 4.35 %. Milk yield was higher by 19.4 % (p 0.01), fat and protein mass fraction - by 0.32 and 0.33 % (p 0.01), respectively, fat and protein yield - b y 82 and 69 kg (p 0.01), respectively, compared to healthy animals. When comparing the indices in animals with one, two and three diseases, significant differences were obtained both between the groups with single diseases and complexes. For fertility traits, the indices increased significantly with the number of diseases from 4 to 20 % for individual traits. For milk production traits, there was a tendency for indices to decrease with increasing number of diseases.
由于违反放牧、饲养、挤奶、不遵守卫生要求，特别是在产后，奶牛子宫内膜炎、乳腺炎和肢体疾病的病例在集约化养殖条件下增加。这些疾病对动物的繁殖和生产品质产生不利影响，从而给农业企业造成巨大的经济损失。因此，通过选择对常见疾病具有高抵抗力的高产动物，增加动物寿命，减少因各种疾病而被消灭的百分比，降低奶牛群中经济上重大疾病的风险是相关的。本研究的目的是研究莫斯科地区农场不同疾病黑斑荷斯坦奶牛的生育水平与产奶量之间的表型关系。研究资料来源于养殖单位2015-2021年兽医门诊日志1234例疾病记录，包括子宫内膜炎、乳腺炎和肢体疾病。从Seleks数据库中获取了黑斑荷斯坦奶牛种群的5个产乳指标和3个育乳指标。结果表明，病畜每次泌乳受精卵数增加33.5%，开工日增加7.3%，产奶日增加4.35%，显著高于健康畜(p < 0.01)。与健康动物相比，产奶量提高19.4% (p 0.01)，脂肪和蛋白质质量分数分别提高0.32%和0.33% (p 0.01)，脂肪和蛋白质产量分别提高82和69 kg (p 0.01)。在比较一种、二种和三种疾病动物的各项指标时，单一疾病组和复合疾病组之间均有显著差异。在育性性状上，各指标随单个性状的病率从4%增加到20%而显著增加。产奶量性状指标随病害数量的增加呈下降趋势。
{"title":"Reproductive capacity and milk production of cows depending on their physio-logical status during lactation","authors":"Maria V. Kornelaeva, G. Karlikova","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-484-498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-484-498","url":null,"abstract":"Due to violation of husbandry, feeding, milking, non-observance of sanitary requirements, especially in postpartum period, cases of endometritis, mastitis and limb diseases in cows increase in conditions of intensive cattle breeding. These diseases adversely affect reproductive and productive qualities of animals, thus causing great financial losses to agribusiness. Therefore, increasing longevity of animals, reducing percentage of their elimination due to various diseases, reducing risk of economically significant diseases in dairy herds by selecting highly productive animals with high resistance to common diseases are relevant. The aim of the research was to study phenotypic relationship between fertility level and milk production of black-motley Holsteinized cows with different diseases at the farm in Moscow region. The research materials were 1234 records of diseases - endometritis, mastitis and limb diseases - obtained from veterinary outpatient logs (2015-2021) of the breeding organization. Information about 5 signs of milk productivity and 3 signs of fertility of the studied population of black-motley Holsteinized dairy cattle was taken from Seleks database. According to the results, significant (p 0.01) increase was observed in sick animals in comparison with healthy ones: number of inseminations per lactation - b y 33.5 %, open days - b y 7.3 %, milk days - b y 4.35 %. Milk yield was higher by 19.4 % (p 0.01), fat and protein mass fraction - by 0.32 and 0.33 % (p 0.01), respectively, fat and protein yield - b y 82 and 69 kg (p 0.01), respectively, compared to healthy animals. When comparing the indices in animals with one, two and three diseases, significant differences were obtained both between the groups with single diseases and complexes. For fertility traits, the indices increased significantly with the number of diseases from 4 to 20 % for individual traits. For milk production traits, there was a tendency for indices to decrease with increasing number of diseases.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44474564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-473-483
M. Muvingi, O. Slovareva, M. Zargar
The causative agents of grain crops bacteriosis viz. Pseudomonas fuscovaginae , Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas translucens are regulated by phytosanitary requirements of the largest importers of Russian grain - Egypt, Turkey, Bangladesh, Nigeria and Pakistan. Therefore, it requires the development of rapid methods for their diagnosis. The PCR method, which is the fastest and most reliable in testing laboratories, needs optimal preparation of the test material. The aim of the study was to optimize the process of preparing seed samples for subsequent detection and identification of P. fuscovaginae, P. syringae and X. translucens by PCR. Wheat grain samples were soaked in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 2 hours and infected with suspensions of P. fuscovaginae, P. syringae pv. coronafaciens and X. translucens at various concentrations. Then, the infected grain samples were crushed and subjected to two-stage centrifugation. DNA was isolated from the obtained analytical samples and species-specific PCR was performed for each bacterial species. It was found that a two-hour soaking of the seeds and their treatment with a homogenizer is sufficient to effectively destroy each grain in the sample and ensure the release of bacteria into the liquid part of the sample. The first low-speed centrifugation allowed the crushed grain to settle efficiently and remove excess starch from the supernatant. High-speed centrifugation of the supernatant made it possible to obtain a concentrated microbiota contained in the grain sample. To obtain DNA of sufficient quality for PCR test, the kit Proba-GS (AgroDiagnostika, Russia) was used for DNA extraction. Using Pseudomonas fuscovaginae-RT kit (Syntol, Russia) and PsyF/PsyR and 4F1/4R 1 primers, DNA of P. fuscovaginae P. syringae and X. translucens , respectively, was successfully detected in each of the samples infected with these bacteria at concentrations of 103 CFU/ml. The absence of PCR inhibition was noted. The method of removing starch from samples for molecular diagnostics of phytopathogens was used for the first time. Application of these methods will allow diagnosing pathogens of bacterioses within one day.
{"title":"Identification of Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas translucens in wheat seeds using PCR","authors":"M. Muvingi, O. Slovareva, M. Zargar","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-473-483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-473-483","url":null,"abstract":"The causative agents of grain crops bacteriosis viz. Pseudomonas fuscovaginae , Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas translucens are regulated by phytosanitary requirements of the largest importers of Russian grain - Egypt, Turkey, Bangladesh, Nigeria and Pakistan. Therefore, it requires the development of rapid methods for their diagnosis. The PCR method, which is the fastest and most reliable in testing laboratories, needs optimal preparation of the test material. The aim of the study was to optimize the process of preparing seed samples for subsequent detection and identification of P. fuscovaginae, P. syringae and X. translucens by PCR. Wheat grain samples were soaked in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 2 hours and infected with suspensions of P. fuscovaginae, P. syringae pv. coronafaciens and X. translucens at various concentrations. Then, the infected grain samples were crushed and subjected to two-stage centrifugation. DNA was isolated from the obtained analytical samples and species-specific PCR was performed for each bacterial species. It was found that a two-hour soaking of the seeds and their treatment with a homogenizer is sufficient to effectively destroy each grain in the sample and ensure the release of bacteria into the liquid part of the sample. The first low-speed centrifugation allowed the crushed grain to settle efficiently and remove excess starch from the supernatant. High-speed centrifugation of the supernatant made it possible to obtain a concentrated microbiota contained in the grain sample. To obtain DNA of sufficient quality for PCR test, the kit Proba-GS (AgroDiagnostika, Russia) was used for DNA extraction. Using Pseudomonas fuscovaginae-RT kit (Syntol, Russia) and PsyF/PsyR and 4F1/4R 1 primers, DNA of P. fuscovaginae P. syringae and X. translucens , respectively, was successfully detected in each of the samples infected with these bacteria at concentrations of 103 CFU/ml. The absence of PCR inhibition was noted. The method of removing starch from samples for molecular diagnostics of phytopathogens was used for the first time. Application of these methods will allow diagnosing pathogens of bacterioses within one day.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42491930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-514-526
M. Abramova, A. V. Ilina, M. S. Barysheva, Julia I. Malina, E. Evdokimov
The search for new markers of high productivity of sheep and the introduction of evaluation and selection methods for these indicators is an urgent direction in breeding of Russian sheep. The material for the research was the results of assessment of exterior, live weight of Romanov sheep. Genetic studies were carried out using tissue samples (ear plucking). Polymorphism of growth hormone gene in Romanov sheep was evaluated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and polymerase chain reaction. Evaluation of polymorphism of growth hormone gene in the population of Romanov sheep showed the presence of three allelic variants - AA, AB and BB, with a frequency of 0.24, 0.63 and 0.14, respectively. The statistically significant difference between the indicators of live weight in animals with genotypes GHAB and GHAA, GHAB and GHBB was: at birth 210 g and 140 g (P 0.95), respectively; at weaning 350 g and 1260 g (P 0.95), respectively. The phenotypic variability of live weight was the highest at birth and at weaning and amounted to 31.732.5 % for all genotypes. Animals with genotypes GHAA and GHAB outperformed their peers with genotype GHBB in dimensions of rump width in tuber coxae, rump width in tuber trochanterica, chest width, chest circumference, and therefore, had a wide body. When studying the phenotypic and genetic correlations of measurements of exterior and live weight at the age of 12 months, a reliable positive relationship was established with height at withers height (rP = +0.13*; rG = +0.02), rump height (rP = +0.14**; rG = +0.03), rump length (rP = +0.14**; rG = +0.02). The new knowledge gained about polymorphism of GH gene and its relationship with productive traits of Romanov sheep will allow for in-depth evaluation, targeted selection and selection of individuals with desirable genotypes.
{"title":"Breeding characteristics of Romanov sheep depending on polymorphism of growth hormone gene","authors":"M. Abramova, A. V. Ilina, M. S. Barysheva, Julia I. Malina, E. Evdokimov","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-514-526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-514-526","url":null,"abstract":"The search for new markers of high productivity of sheep and the introduction of evaluation and selection methods for these indicators is an urgent direction in breeding of Russian sheep. The material for the research was the results of assessment of exterior, live weight of Romanov sheep. Genetic studies were carried out using tissue samples (ear plucking). Polymorphism of growth hormone gene in Romanov sheep was evaluated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and polymerase chain reaction. Evaluation of polymorphism of growth hormone gene in the population of Romanov sheep showed the presence of three allelic variants - AA, AB and BB, with a frequency of 0.24, 0.63 and 0.14, respectively. The statistically significant difference between the indicators of live weight in animals with genotypes GHAB and GHAA, GHAB and GHBB was: at birth 210 g and 140 g (P 0.95), respectively; at weaning 350 g and 1260 g (P 0.95), respectively. The phenotypic variability of live weight was the highest at birth and at weaning and amounted to 31.732.5 % for all genotypes. Animals with genotypes GHAA and GHAB outperformed their peers with genotype GHBB in dimensions of rump width in tuber coxae, rump width in tuber trochanterica, chest width, chest circumference, and therefore, had a wide body. When studying the phenotypic and genetic correlations of measurements of exterior and live weight at the age of 12 months, a reliable positive relationship was established with height at withers height (rP = +0.13*; rG = +0.02), rump height (rP = +0.14**; rG = +0.03), rump length (rP = +0.14**; rG = +0.02). The new knowledge gained about polymorphism of GH gene and its relationship with productive traits of Romanov sheep will allow for in-depth evaluation, targeted selection and selection of individuals with desirable genotypes.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46945888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-527-535
A. Gazin, Y. Vatnikov, E. Abramova
The study presents an assessment of variability of histological structure, measurement, and comparison of size of the neoplasm obtained by ultrasonographic examination and pathological examination, as well as the morphometric dimensions of nuclei and cytoplasm of testicular interstitial cell tumors in dogs. The study involved 35 dogs with neoplasms of 46 testes, where 11 animals had interstitial cell tumors in both testes. Insignificant differences of the size of these neoplasms were revealed (p 0.05) using ultrasonography and pathoanatomical measurement methods. Hence, it allows using both methods to assess the size of interstitial cell tumors. In the study, interstitial cell tumor was detected in both testes at once in 50 % of cases in dogs, however, this might be due to specific characteristics of the sample, and further research is required. In the course of scientific work, a morphological study showed the presence of variability in histological structure of interstitial cell tumors, which can lead to incorrect interpretation of the morphological picture and misdiagnosis, e. g. adipocyte-like morphology of interstitial cell tumors have morphological similarity to a benign neoplasm from adipose tissue - lipoma. In addition, there was an extremely pronounced difference in size of cytoplasm (from 23.6 to 148.4 m; average 66.21 22.42 m) and nuclei (from 9 to 57.6 m; average 23.19 7.10 m) in tumor cells. It proves the presence of pronounced anisocytosis and anisokariosis, which should indicate malignancy of the neoplasm, however, testicular interstitial cell tumors extremely rarely metastasize in practice and according to numerous studies.
{"title":"Morphological characteristics of testicular interstitial cell tumors in dogs","authors":"A. Gazin, Y. Vatnikov, E. Abramova","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-527-535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-527-535","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents an assessment of variability of histological structure, measurement, and comparison of size of the neoplasm obtained by ultrasonographic examination and pathological examination, as well as the morphometric dimensions of nuclei and cytoplasm of testicular interstitial cell tumors in dogs. The study involved 35 dogs with neoplasms of 46 testes, where 11 animals had interstitial cell tumors in both testes. Insignificant differences of the size of these neoplasms were revealed (p 0.05) using ultrasonography and pathoanatomical measurement methods. Hence, it allows using both methods to assess the size of interstitial cell tumors. In the study, interstitial cell tumor was detected in both testes at once in 50 % of cases in dogs, however, this might be due to specific characteristics of the sample, and further research is required. In the course of scientific work, a morphological study showed the presence of variability in histological structure of interstitial cell tumors, which can lead to incorrect interpretation of the morphological picture and misdiagnosis, e. g. adipocyte-like morphology of interstitial cell tumors have morphological similarity to a benign neoplasm from adipose tissue - lipoma. In addition, there was an extremely pronounced difference in size of cytoplasm (from 23.6 to 148.4 m; average 66.21 22.42 m) and nuclei (from 9 to 57.6 m; average 23.19 7.10 m) in tumor cells. It proves the presence of pronounced anisocytosis and anisokariosis, which should indicate malignancy of the neoplasm, however, testicular interstitial cell tumors extremely rarely metastasize in practice and according to numerous studies.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41834976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-437-447
R. Zaremuk, T. Kopnina
Southern assortment of cherries does not quite meet the modern requirements of production. Many varieties are low-productive, not resistant to cherry leaf spot ( Coccomyces hiemalis ) and moniliosis ( Monilia cinerea ), small-fruited, with low taste qualities. However, new varieties have been created that have not been studied by the complex of consumer and commodity qualities of fruits. Thus, evaluation of new varieties for these traits is relevant. The aim of the research was to evaluate cherry varieties of different origin for commodity, biochemical, and consumer qualities of fruits. The research was carried out in the Kuban horticultural zone of the Krasnodar territory. Objects of the research were 9 varieties of sour cherry trees. Field and laboratory studies were conducted according to Program and methodology of varietal study of fruit, berry and nut crops (1999), Methodological instructions on chemical and technological variety testing of vegetable, fruit and berry crops for canning industry (1993). Statistical analysis was carried out according to B.A. Dospekhov (2014) and G.F. Lakin (1990). It was found that the average fruit weight of cherry varieties varied not significantly - from 2.72 to 6.45 g, which was confirmed by the coefficient of variation (23.3 %). Indicators of maximum and minimum fruit weight varied significantly in varieties, coefficients of variation were 27.2 and 29.7 %, respectively. The following cherry varieties with large fruits were identified: Timati, Igrushka, Duk Ivanovna, Duk Khodosa, Prizvaniya and Svetlaya. were distinguished. Cherry varieties with high sugar content in fruits were as follows: Feyа, Dzhusi Frut and Igrushka. Feyа, Duk Khodosa, Prizvanie, Svetlaya and Dzhusi Frut had fruits with low acidity; Feyа, Dzhusi Frut and Igrushka fruits were characterized by high content of soluble solids in fruits. Feyа, Igrushka and Duk Khodosa fruits had the highest content of vitamin C; Igrushka, Duk Khodosa, Prizvanie, Svetlaya and Dzhusi Frut were rich in Vitamin P; Duk Khodosa, Prizvanie, Dzhusi Frut and Duk Ivanovna had the largest anthocyanin content. Therefore, Igrushka and Duk Khodosa cherry varieties are recommended for growing in the southern Russia and breeding for improvement of fruit quality.
{"title":"Promising varieties of sour cherry Prunus cerasus L. with a complex of fruit quality traits for growing in the southern Russia","authors":"R. Zaremuk, T. Kopnina","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-437-447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-437-447","url":null,"abstract":"Southern assortment of cherries does not quite meet the modern requirements of production. Many varieties are low-productive, not resistant to cherry leaf spot ( Coccomyces hiemalis ) and moniliosis ( Monilia cinerea ), small-fruited, with low taste qualities. However, new varieties have been created that have not been studied by the complex of consumer and commodity qualities of fruits. Thus, evaluation of new varieties for these traits is relevant. The aim of the research was to evaluate cherry varieties of different origin for commodity, biochemical, and consumer qualities of fruits. The research was carried out in the Kuban horticultural zone of the Krasnodar territory. Objects of the research were 9 varieties of sour cherry trees. Field and laboratory studies were conducted according to Program and methodology of varietal study of fruit, berry and nut crops (1999), Methodological instructions on chemical and technological variety testing of vegetable, fruit and berry crops for canning industry (1993). Statistical analysis was carried out according to B.A. Dospekhov (2014) and G.F. Lakin (1990). It was found that the average fruit weight of cherry varieties varied not significantly - from 2.72 to 6.45 g, which was confirmed by the coefficient of variation (23.3 %). Indicators of maximum and minimum fruit weight varied significantly in varieties, coefficients of variation were 27.2 and 29.7 %, respectively. The following cherry varieties with large fruits were identified: Timati, Igrushka, Duk Ivanovna, Duk Khodosa, Prizvaniya and Svetlaya. were distinguished. Cherry varieties with high sugar content in fruits were as follows: Feyа, Dzhusi Frut and Igrushka. Feyа, Duk Khodosa, Prizvanie, Svetlaya and Dzhusi Frut had fruits with low acidity; Feyа, Dzhusi Frut and Igrushka fruits were characterized by high content of soluble solids in fruits. Feyа, Igrushka and Duk Khodosa fruits had the highest content of vitamin C; Igrushka, Duk Khodosa, Prizvanie, Svetlaya and Dzhusi Frut were rich in Vitamin P; Duk Khodosa, Prizvanie, Dzhusi Frut and Duk Ivanovna had the largest anthocyanin content. Therefore, Igrushka and Duk Khodosa cherry varieties are recommended for growing in the southern Russia and breeding for improvement of fruit quality.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48926878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-499-513
L. Medvedeva, Ol’ga V. Zorkina, M. Moskovets
Some aspects of improving efficiency of quail breeding in Russia, in particular in private farms were studied. It is emphasized that in times of crisis, private farms are able to solve several problems: provide employment for rural residents, produce food, and serve as a source of additional income for people. In Russia, consumption of animal protein in poultry meat has increased to 34 kg. The aim of the research was to study the issues of breeding quails on small plots, at private farms; the use of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in the diet of poultry, which has become intensively used in various sectors of the economy, in particular, in animal husbandry and improvement of natural reservoirs. Methods of analysis, observation, experiment, comparison were used in the course of the study; photographing and timing of resources spent on the maintenance of quail birds was carried out. The Russian and foreign scientific literature was studied, the presented material was compared with the results obtained during the experiment. One aspect of successful quail breeding is to ensure a balanced diet - composition of feeds produced by local producers for quails was studied. The observations and experiments carried out on Moscow White Giant quails at E. Moskovets private farm (Volgograd region) proved the expediency of introducing into the diet a feed additive - a strain of Chlorella vulgaris IFR C.111, which contains protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, mineral salts, trace elements in sufficient quantities. The technology of poultry feeding with Chlorella vulgaris was shown. It resulted in higher survival rate of quails, increase in poultry live weight, and increase in profitability of production by 1.3 %. Data reflecting the conditions of quail keeping, feeding and cage breeding in small areas and/or private farms were shown.
{"title":"Use of Chlorella vulgaris as a dietary supplement for quails bred at private farms","authors":"L. Medvedeva, Ol’ga V. Zorkina, M. Moskovets","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-499-513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-499-513","url":null,"abstract":"Some aspects of improving efficiency of quail breeding in Russia, in particular in private farms were studied. It is emphasized that in times of crisis, private farms are able to solve several problems: provide employment for rural residents, produce food, and serve as a source of additional income for people. In Russia, consumption of animal protein in poultry meat has increased to 34 kg. The aim of the research was to study the issues of breeding quails on small plots, at private farms; the use of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in the diet of poultry, which has become intensively used in various sectors of the economy, in particular, in animal husbandry and improvement of natural reservoirs. Methods of analysis, observation, experiment, comparison were used in the course of the study; photographing and timing of resources spent on the maintenance of quail birds was carried out. The Russian and foreign scientific literature was studied, the presented material was compared with the results obtained during the experiment. One aspect of successful quail breeding is to ensure a balanced diet - composition of feeds produced by local producers for quails was studied. The observations and experiments carried out on Moscow White Giant quails at E. Moskovets private farm (Volgograd region) proved the expediency of introducing into the diet a feed additive - a strain of Chlorella vulgaris IFR C.111, which contains protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, mineral salts, trace elements in sufficient quantities. The technology of poultry feeding with Chlorella vulgaris was shown. It resulted in higher survival rate of quails, increase in poultry live weight, and increase in profitability of production by 1.3 %. Data reflecting the conditions of quail keeping, feeding and cage breeding in small areas and/or private farms were shown.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49135646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-425-436
Alexander L Panfilov, Rinat R. Abdrashitov
One of ways to increase resistance of agricultural plants to abiotic stresses is the use of biofertilizers with anti-stress and growth-regulating properties. They improve absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus from organic fertilizers and soil. The purpose of the research was to study sowing qualities of seeds, morphological indicators of spring barley seedlings after presowing seed treatment with biofertilizers under conditions of sufficient humidification and osmotic stress. The laboratory experiment was carried out to study the effect of biofertilizers on seedlings of spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Gubernatorsky under conditions of sufficient and insufficient humidification. The barley seeds were treated once according to the following scheme: 1. control (distilled water) 10 L/t; 2. Gumi 20 M potash (0.4 L/t); 3. Borogum-M complex (0.2 L/t); 4. PEG 6000 (100 g/L); 5. Gumi 20 M (0.4 L/t) + PEG 6000 (100 g/L); 6. Borogum-M complex (0.2 L/t) + PEG 6000 (100 g/L). Treatment of spring barley seeds with biofertilizers increased the germination rate and germination capacity by 35 and 2 %, respectively. When modeling drought using PEG-6000, the sowing qualities of seeds decreased by 4 %. Under conditions of sufficient humidification, the studied biofertilizers had a complex positive effect on shoot and root weight of barley seedlings. In addition, the average length of roots, shoots and the total root length increased. The number of roots did not change significantly. Lack of moisture decreased the effectiveness of Borogum-M complex biofertilizer, while Gumi 20 M potassium biofertilizer had a positive effect on the parameters of barley seedlings under water stress conditions.
{"title":"Effect of biofertilizers and osmotic stress on morphological parameters of spring barley seedlings","authors":"Alexander L Panfilov, Rinat R. Abdrashitov","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-425-436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-425-436","url":null,"abstract":"One of ways to increase resistance of agricultural plants to abiotic stresses is the use of biofertilizers with anti-stress and growth-regulating properties. They improve absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus from organic fertilizers and soil. The purpose of the research was to study sowing qualities of seeds, morphological indicators of spring barley seedlings after presowing seed treatment with biofertilizers under conditions of sufficient humidification and osmotic stress. The laboratory experiment was carried out to study the effect of biofertilizers on seedlings of spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Gubernatorsky under conditions of sufficient and insufficient humidification. The barley seeds were treated once according to the following scheme: 1. control (distilled water) 10 L/t; 2. Gumi 20 M potash (0.4 L/t); 3. Borogum-M complex (0.2 L/t); 4. PEG 6000 (100 g/L); 5. Gumi 20 M (0.4 L/t) + PEG 6000 (100 g/L); 6. Borogum-M complex (0.2 L/t) + PEG 6000 (100 g/L). Treatment of spring barley seeds with biofertilizers increased the germination rate and germination capacity by 35 and 2 %, respectively. When modeling drought using PEG-6000, the sowing qualities of seeds decreased by 4 %. Under conditions of sufficient humidification, the studied biofertilizers had a complex positive effect on shoot and root weight of barley seedlings. In addition, the average length of roots, shoots and the total root length increased. The number of roots did not change significantly. Lack of moisture decreased the effectiveness of Borogum-M complex biofertilizer, while Gumi 20 M potassium biofertilizer had a positive effect on the parameters of barley seedlings under water stress conditions.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48223825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-448-454
R. A. Bilalova
Long-term introduction of Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. was studied studying. The aim of the research was to assess the introduction resistance of Schisandra chinensis from the collection of lianas of South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute, Ural Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The 7 phenological growth stages were studied in 2014-2021. The prospects for introduction were determined according to P.I. Lapin and S.V. Sidneva, introduction resistance was assessed by the method of N.V. Trulevich. The following parameters were assessed: completeness of shoot development cycle, stability of rhythmic processes, vital state, life form, rate of ontogenesis, and renewal. According to the results of the research, lemongrass plants successfully passed the introduction tests. The species stably goes through all phases of seasonal development under cultivation, it is adapted to local climatic conditions and has high winter hardiness. Moreover, Schizandra chinensis is highly decorative throughout the growing season (more than 5 months). In accordance with the integral assessment, the taxon is assigned to the first group of prospects for introduction; Schisandra chinensis is a resistant plant. The crop is promising for use in recreational areas of Ufa and other settlements of the Southern Urals.
{"title":"Introducing Schizandra chinensis into the Southern Urals","authors":"R. A. Bilalova","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-448-454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-448-454","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term introduction of Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. was studied studying. The aim of the research was to assess the introduction resistance of Schisandra chinensis from the collection of lianas of South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute, Ural Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The 7 phenological growth stages were studied in 2014-2021. The prospects for introduction were determined according to P.I. Lapin and S.V. Sidneva, introduction resistance was assessed by the method of N.V. Trulevich. The following parameters were assessed: completeness of shoot development cycle, stability of rhythmic processes, vital state, life form, rate of ontogenesis, and renewal. According to the results of the research, lemongrass plants successfully passed the introduction tests. The species stably goes through all phases of seasonal development under cultivation, it is adapted to local climatic conditions and has high winter hardiness. Moreover, Schizandra chinensis is highly decorative throughout the growing season (more than 5 months). In accordance with the integral assessment, the taxon is assigned to the first group of prospects for introduction; Schisandra chinensis is a resistant plant. The crop is promising for use in recreational areas of Ufa and other settlements of the Southern Urals.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46573392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-466-472
N. Zaitseva, E. Yachmeneva, I. Klimova
Low and unstable yields of the main oilseed crops do not create interest for their large-scale cultivation in conditions of the Northern Caspian - A strakhan region. For this reason, gross harvest of oilseeds is reducing significantly creating a vegetable oil shortage. Currently, safflower cultivation is relevant due to high drought resistance and quality indicators of safflower oil. 24 collection samples of safflower were studied on light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region in 2019-2021. The experiments on safflower cultivars from seed collection of Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry were carried out at the experimental site of Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Influence of the main abiotic and biotic environmental factors on morpho-biological and economic characteristics of safflower was determined. Based on the results obtained, the following promising samples having breeding value as a starting material for creation of new cultivars were identified: Gila, Shahalli-260, Tsambuli, Shirkas, Talan, Centr 70, Moldir, Nurlan, Aleksandrit, Shifo, Sinaloa-90. Productivity and oil content of the selected cultivars exceeded the indicators of cv. Astrakhan 747 (standard) by 0.431.06 t/ha and 1.753.02 %, respectively.
{"title":"Breeding value of safflower in arid conditions of the Northern Caspian","authors":"N. Zaitseva, E. Yachmeneva, I. Klimova","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-466-472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-466-472","url":null,"abstract":"Low and unstable yields of the main oilseed crops do not create interest for their large-scale cultivation in conditions of the Northern Caspian - A strakhan region. For this reason, gross harvest of oilseeds is reducing significantly creating a vegetable oil shortage. Currently, safflower cultivation is relevant due to high drought resistance and quality indicators of safflower oil. 24 collection samples of safflower were studied on light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region in 2019-2021. The experiments on safflower cultivars from seed collection of Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry were carried out at the experimental site of Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Influence of the main abiotic and biotic environmental factors on morpho-biological and economic characteristics of safflower was determined. Based on the results obtained, the following promising samples having breeding value as a starting material for creation of new cultivars were identified: Gila, Shahalli-260, Tsambuli, Shirkas, Talan, Centr 70, Moldir, Nurlan, Aleksandrit, Shifo, Sinaloa-90. Productivity and oil content of the selected cultivars exceeded the indicators of cv. Astrakhan 747 (standard) by 0.431.06 t/ha and 1.753.02 %, respectively.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41709561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：