Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-1-116-123
Lilia I. Sabirzyanova, Gella V. Konovalova, Valentina V. Tokar
To date, there is no registered injectable dosage form of levocarnitine for veterinary use on the territory of the Russian Federation. Based on the above, the purpose of our work was to conduct preclinical studies of L-carnitine of subchronic toxicity for veterinary use in laboratory animals. Experiments to test the toxicity were performed on outbred rats in October 2021 at the vivarium of St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. The study involved females weighing 190210 grams, purchased from RAPPOLOVO Laboratory Animal Nursery. To study subchronic toxicity via subcutaneous injection, L-carnitine was administered in 2 dose levels. The doses were determined based on the results of the acute toxicity experiment: 1/5 and 1/10 of the maximum tolerated dose. The first experimental group (n=10) received the drug subcutaneously at a dose of 0.08 mg/kg (1/5 of 2000 mg/kg). The second experimental group (n = 10) received the drug subcutaneously at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg (1/10 of 2000 mg/kg). The control group (n = 10) received sodium chloride 0.09 % subcutaneously at a dose of 1/5 of 2000 mg/kg. The drug was administered subcutaneously daily for 42 days. Killing and blood sampling from the second half of the animals was carried out after assessing the recovery period (10 days after drug cancellation). As a result of studies of subchronic toxicity of subcutaneously administered L-carnitine for veterinary use in laboratory animals, it was found that the dosage of 1/5 of the maximum tolerated, and the dosage of 1/10 of the maximum tolerated, do not cause external signs of toxicosis and death of rats. No significant changes in the hematological parameters of blood of animals from the experimental and control groups were found.
{"title":"Effect of L-carnitine administered via subcutaneous injection on hematological parameters of laboratory animals","authors":"Lilia I. Sabirzyanova, Gella V. Konovalova, Valentina V. Tokar","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-1-116-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-1-116-123","url":null,"abstract":"To date, there is no registered injectable dosage form of levocarnitine for veterinary use on the territory of the Russian Federation. Based on the above, the purpose of our work was to conduct preclinical studies of L-carnitine of subchronic toxicity for veterinary use in laboratory animals. Experiments to test the toxicity were performed on outbred rats in October 2021 at the vivarium of St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. The study involved females weighing 190210 grams, purchased from RAPPOLOVO Laboratory Animal Nursery. To study subchronic toxicity via subcutaneous injection, L-carnitine was administered in 2 dose levels. The doses were determined based on the results of the acute toxicity experiment: 1/5 and 1/10 of the maximum tolerated dose. The first experimental group (n=10) received the drug subcutaneously at a dose of 0.08 mg/kg (1/5 of 2000 mg/kg). The second experimental group (n = 10) received the drug subcutaneously at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg (1/10 of 2000 mg/kg). The control group (n = 10) received sodium chloride 0.09 % subcutaneously at a dose of 1/5 of 2000 mg/kg. The drug was administered subcutaneously daily for 42 days. Killing and blood sampling from the second half of the animals was carried out after assessing the recovery period (10 days after drug cancellation). As a result of studies of subchronic toxicity of subcutaneously administered L-carnitine for veterinary use in laboratory animals, it was found that the dosage of 1/5 of the maximum tolerated, and the dosage of 1/10 of the maximum tolerated, do not cause external signs of toxicosis and death of rats. No significant changes in the hematological parameters of blood of animals from the experimental and control groups were found.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41799668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-1-80-91
S. P. Bass, Natalya F. Belousova, G. Azimova, Anna N. Gulyaeva
The current state of Vyatka horse breed gene pool was studied in the research. It was revealed that the main array of the breeding stock is concentrated in three populations of three regions - the Udmurt Republic, the Kirov region, the Central Federal District. The purpose of the research was to assess the state of gene pool of Vyatka breed in modern conditions. Population of breeding stock horses both in agricultural enterprises and on private farms was analyzed in the territory of three regions of the Russian Federation: the Udmurt Republic, the Kirov Region, the Central Federal District. According to the genetic characteristics, horses in each population were divided into groups based on the relation degree: group 1 - outbred, group 2 - with distant Fx inbreeding (0.21.55 %), group 3 - with moderate Fx inbreeding (1.5612.5 %), group 4 - with close Fx inbreeding (12.625 %). The coefficient of inbreeding was estimated according to the Wright-Kislovsky formula. The most typical horses with an inherent conformation were outbred horses from the population of the Central Federal District. Monitoring the quantitative composition of the breed showed that the number of mares increased from 73 to 287 heads over the period from 1995 to 2021. However, a sharp decrease in the number of mares (222 heads) was recorded at the beginning of 2022. This tendency creates certain difficulties in the selection process. The largest number of mares is concentrated in the Central Federal District - 83 heads nowadays. At the present stage of work with Vyatka breed the analysis of genetic diversity showed that 43.3 % of the representatives were outbred, it was based on the study of the increase in homozygosity of individuals in a limited gene pool. Representatives of the Vyatka breed were obtained in equal proportions by remote and moderate inbreeding - 28.1 and 27 %, respectively. The most typical with the correct conformation were outbred horses from the population of the Central Federal District.
{"title":"State of Vyatka horse population in regions of Russia","authors":"S. P. Bass, Natalya F. Belousova, G. Azimova, Anna N. Gulyaeva","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-1-80-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-1-80-91","url":null,"abstract":"The current state of Vyatka horse breed gene pool was studied in the research. It was revealed that the main array of the breeding stock is concentrated in three populations of three regions - the Udmurt Republic, the Kirov region, the Central Federal District. The purpose of the research was to assess the state of gene pool of Vyatka breed in modern conditions. Population of breeding stock horses both in agricultural enterprises and on private farms was analyzed in the territory of three regions of the Russian Federation: the Udmurt Republic, the Kirov Region, the Central Federal District. According to the genetic characteristics, horses in each population were divided into groups based on the relation degree: group 1 - outbred, group 2 - with distant Fx inbreeding (0.21.55 %), group 3 - with moderate Fx inbreeding (1.5612.5 %), group 4 - with close Fx inbreeding (12.625 %). The coefficient of inbreeding was estimated according to the Wright-Kislovsky formula. The most typical horses with an inherent conformation were outbred horses from the population of the Central Federal District. Monitoring the quantitative composition of the breed showed that the number of mares increased from 73 to 287 heads over the period from 1995 to 2021. However, a sharp decrease in the number of mares (222 heads) was recorded at the beginning of 2022. This tendency creates certain difficulties in the selection process. The largest number of mares is concentrated in the Central Federal District - 83 heads nowadays. At the present stage of work with Vyatka breed the analysis of genetic diversity showed that 43.3 % of the representatives were outbred, it was based on the study of the increase in homozygosity of individuals in a limited gene pool. Representatives of the Vyatka breed were obtained in equal proportions by remote and moderate inbreeding - 28.1 and 27 %, respectively. The most typical with the correct conformation were outbred horses from the population of the Central Federal District.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45133180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-1-45-58
N. Dubenok, A. Novikov, A. Poddubsky, G. Chamurliev, K. B. Shumakova, Roman V. Zbukarev
The aim of the research was to study water-physical properties of chestnut soils under different tillage practices when cultivating corn (Povolzhsky 89 MV hybrid) under irrigated conditions in the Lower Volga region. Therefore, the following characteristics of the soil were studied - soil density, soil moisture, field capacity, maximal hygroscopic moisture, wilting point and porosity. The results revealed that after chisel loosening, a qualitative improvement of soil water-physical properties was observed in comparison with the control variant - moldboard plowing. To describe the dynamics of changes in soil density by layers and tillage variants, a regression of the 2nd order was proposed, and coefficients of the equation were calculated. In order to maintain the specified irrigation regime during the observation periods, 7 to 9 vegetative irrigations with application rate from 2250 to 2750 m3ha-1 were carried out in the variants with moldboard plowing, 7 to 8 irrigations with application rate from 2200 to 2600 m3ha-1 in the variants with chisel loosening, and 6 to 7 irrigations with application rates from 2100 to 2500 m3ha-1 in the variants with chisel moldboard plowing. The yield of corn in the variant with chisel moldboard plowing averaged 8.75 tha-1 during the research period, which is 18 % higher than in the control variant. Moreover, the cost of irrigation water for producing one ton of grain decreased by almost 20 %, and the coefficient of water consumption decreased by 17 %.
{"title":"Water-physical properties of chestnut soils depending on different tillage practices and irrigation regimes","authors":"N. Dubenok, A. Novikov, A. Poddubsky, G. Chamurliev, K. B. Shumakova, Roman V. Zbukarev","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-1-45-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-1-45-58","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research was to study water-physical properties of chestnut soils under different tillage practices when cultivating corn (Povolzhsky 89 MV hybrid) under irrigated conditions in the Lower Volga region. Therefore, the following characteristics of the soil were studied - soil density, soil moisture, field capacity, maximal hygroscopic moisture, wilting point and porosity. The results revealed that after chisel loosening, a qualitative improvement of soil water-physical properties was observed in comparison with the control variant - moldboard plowing. To describe the dynamics of changes in soil density by layers and tillage variants, a regression of the 2nd order was proposed, and coefficients of the equation were calculated. In order to maintain the specified irrigation regime during the observation periods, 7 to 9 vegetative irrigations with application rate from 2250 to 2750 m3ha-1 were carried out in the variants with moldboard plowing, 7 to 8 irrigations with application rate from 2200 to 2600 m3ha-1 in the variants with chisel loosening, and 6 to 7 irrigations with application rates from 2100 to 2500 m3ha-1 in the variants with chisel moldboard plowing. The yield of corn in the variant with chisel moldboard plowing averaged 8.75 tha-1 during the research period, which is 18 % higher than in the control variant. Moreover, the cost of irrigation water for producing one ton of grain decreased by almost 20 %, and the coefficient of water consumption decreased by 17 %.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43675763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-1-92-104
Ksenia M. Kondrashkina, D. Nikitchenko, V. Nikitchenko
Changes in live weight, morphology of carcasses, their morphometric parameters, chemical composition of muscles during cage rising (group 1) and ground-grazing raising (group 2) were studied in hens (Smena 9 cross) at the age of 1, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days. Generally accepted research methods were used. The hens were raised under the same conditions. The experiments revealed that chickens had a high growth rate at an early age. At 56-day age, live weight of hen from group 1 was 3438 g, which was 2.69 % less than in group 2, and carcass weight was 2.89 % less (P 0.05). In carcasses of broilers from group 2, weight of muscle tissue was 3.14 % more (P 0.05), however, fat and bones were less by 0.22 and 0.09 %, respectively. Compared to 1-day-old chickens, 56-day-old broilers had increased relative weight: muscle tissue in group 1 and group 2 - by 13.04 and 13.27 %, respectively; fat - by 4.02 and 3.80 %, respectively; while relative bone weight decreased by 16.25 and 16.34 % in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Ground-grazing raising of chickens is not inferior in meat productivity to cage rising. At the same time, veterinary and sanitary indicators differ in the quality of meat.
{"title":"Morphometric and chemical parameters of hen carcasses of ‘Smena 9’ cross raised under different conditions","authors":"Ksenia M. Kondrashkina, D. Nikitchenko, V. Nikitchenko","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-1-92-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-1-92-104","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in live weight, morphology of carcasses, their morphometric parameters, chemical composition of muscles during cage rising (group 1) and ground-grazing raising (group 2) were studied in hens (Smena 9 cross) at the age of 1, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days. Generally accepted research methods were used. The hens were raised under the same conditions. The experiments revealed that chickens had a high growth rate at an early age. At 56-day age, live weight of hen from group 1 was 3438 g, which was 2.69 % less than in group 2, and carcass weight was 2.89 % less (P 0.05). In carcasses of broilers from group 2, weight of muscle tissue was 3.14 % more (P 0.05), however, fat and bones were less by 0.22 and 0.09 %, respectively. Compared to 1-day-old chickens, 56-day-old broilers had increased relative weight: muscle tissue in group 1 and group 2 - by 13.04 and 13.27 %, respectively; fat - by 4.02 and 3.80 %, respectively; while relative bone weight decreased by 16.25 and 16.34 % in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Ground-grazing raising of chickens is not inferior in meat productivity to cage rising. At the same time, veterinary and sanitary indicators differ in the quality of meat.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46486267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-1-59-70
Elizaveta N. Karpenko, Alexey L. Kharlan, E. V. Zaitseva
At present, there is scientific and practical interest in the study of morphological and physiological features, criteria and tolerance of organs involved in protein metabolism in representatives of the order Chiroptera. Macro- and micrometric indicators of kidneys in soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus), as a result of adaptive transformations of the body to habitat conditions in the Bryansk region were studied. The study was conducted in the period from 2011 to 2022, 40 captures were carried out with a total of 481 individuals, of which 100 were selected for further study. On histological preparations of kidneys of soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus), morphometry of nephrons, podocyte parameters, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, areas of nucleolar organizers and their total area were studied. It was established that biological adaptation of the bats (Chiroptera), on the example of soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus), is manifested in development of biological properties of the species. The functional and protein-synthetic activity of cells, kidneys (cell volume, nucleus, cytoplasm and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio), the number and increase in the total area of the argentophilic region of nucleolar organizers were determined by organ topography, gender and influence of anthropogenic negative environmental effects. The data obtained showed gender differences in female bats (Chiroptera) of Pipistrellus pygmaeus species living in an urban environment, having a large number in the colony, against the background of a combined anthropogenic load, under the influence of hydrocarbons, sulfur and nitrogen dioxides and suspended solids. It was found that phenotypic adaptation as an adaptation to flight triggers the main processes of biochemical cycles, the processes of endogenous intoxication and detoxification function in kidneys. In turn, it increases metabolism, which contributes to increase in the number of renal glomeruli and decrease in the cavity of renal glomerular capsule. New data characterizing nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, number and total area of regions of nucleolar organizers in podocytes of glomeruli in kidneys of soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus), which may be a manifestation of genetic adaptation to environmental conditions, were obtained.
{"title":"Morphological criteria for Pipistrellus pygmaeus kidney indicators","authors":"Elizaveta N. Karpenko, Alexey L. Kharlan, E. V. Zaitseva","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-1-59-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-1-59-70","url":null,"abstract":"At present, there is scientific and practical interest in the study of morphological and physiological features, criteria and tolerance of organs involved in protein metabolism in representatives of the order Chiroptera. Macro- and micrometric indicators of kidneys in soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus), as a result of adaptive transformations of the body to habitat conditions in the Bryansk region were studied. The study was conducted in the period from 2011 to 2022, 40 captures were carried out with a total of 481 individuals, of which 100 were selected for further study. On histological preparations of kidneys of soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus), morphometry of nephrons, podocyte parameters, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, areas of nucleolar organizers and their total area were studied. It was established that biological adaptation of the bats (Chiroptera), on the example of soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus), is manifested in development of biological properties of the species. The functional and protein-synthetic activity of cells, kidneys (cell volume, nucleus, cytoplasm and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio), the number and increase in the total area of the argentophilic region of nucleolar organizers were determined by organ topography, gender and influence of anthropogenic negative environmental effects. The data obtained showed gender differences in female bats (Chiroptera) of Pipistrellus pygmaeus species living in an urban environment, having a large number in the colony, against the background of a combined anthropogenic load, under the influence of hydrocarbons, sulfur and nitrogen dioxides and suspended solids. It was found that phenotypic adaptation as an adaptation to flight triggers the main processes of biochemical cycles, the processes of endogenous intoxication and detoxification function in kidneys. In turn, it increases metabolism, which contributes to increase in the number of renal glomeruli and decrease in the cavity of renal glomerular capsule. New data characterizing nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, number and total area of regions of nucleolar organizers in podocytes of glomeruli in kidneys of soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus), which may be a manifestation of genetic adaptation to environmental conditions, were obtained.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46516457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-2-197-212
P. G. Grubina, I. Savin
Possibility of detecting soil fertility parameters based on the use of thermal survey data was studied on the test area of Yasnogorsky District, Tula region, Russia. The test area has gray forest slightly eroded arable soils located in the flat part of the slope. During the field works, an open soil surface was photographed using a FLIR VUE 512 thermal imager (range 7.5-13.5 mkm), soil samples were also taken from a layer of 0-5 cm and soil moisture was measured in a layer of 15-20 cm. For almost all parameters of soil fertility (pH, humus content, potassium content, exchange cations - Mg++, K+, Na+), a statistically significant correlation was established (r =0.4-0.7) between them and the survey data in the thermal range of the spectrum. For moderate correlations, polynomial regression equations were compiled. Among the studied fertility parameters, the pH of the salt extract, the content of potassium oxide and potassium exchange cations had significant coefficient of determination (R2 0.60) with the thermal range of the spectrum - R2= 0.61, R2 =0.60 and R2 = 0.63, respectively. The obtained results have shown that thermal imaging can be used to map some parameters of soil fertility for the region. Nevertheless, it turned out to be impossible to reliably detect all the main parameters of soil fertility of the test field on the basis of thermal survey data. However, the thermal soil survey data can be used as auxiliary data when shooting in the visible and nearIR ranges, which helps to improve the accuracy of contactless soil monitoring.
{"title":"Informative value of infrared survey data for detecting properties of arable soils","authors":"P. G. Grubina, I. Savin","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-2-197-212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-2-197-212","url":null,"abstract":"Possibility of detecting soil fertility parameters based on the use of thermal survey data was studied on the test area of Yasnogorsky District, Tula region, Russia. The test area has gray forest slightly eroded arable soils located in the flat part of the slope. During the field works, an open soil surface was photographed using a FLIR VUE 512 thermal imager (range 7.5-13.5 mkm), soil samples were also taken from a layer of 0-5 cm and soil moisture was measured in a layer of 15-20 cm. For almost all parameters of soil fertility (pH, humus content, potassium content, exchange cations - Mg++, K+, Na+), a statistically significant correlation was established (r =0.4-0.7) between them and the survey data in the thermal range of the spectrum. For moderate correlations, polynomial regression equations were compiled. Among the studied fertility parameters, the pH of the salt extract, the content of potassium oxide and potassium exchange cations had significant coefficient of determination (R2 0.60) with the thermal range of the spectrum - R2= 0.61, R2 =0.60 and R2 = 0.63, respectively. The obtained results have shown that thermal imaging can be used to map some parameters of soil fertility for the region. Nevertheless, it turned out to be impossible to reliably detect all the main parameters of soil fertility of the test field on the basis of thermal survey data. However, the thermal soil survey data can be used as auxiliary data when shooting in the visible and nearIR ranges, which helps to improve the accuracy of contactless soil monitoring.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68268640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-2-282-300
O. Yusova, P. Nikolaev
The stages of development and implementation of the project for solving the main issues of breeding programs were considered. The studies were carried out using empirical methods and a marketing strategy. Project management is a part of the enterprise management system, in this case, Omsk Agrarian Research Center. Having a clear, predetermined risk mitigation plan as well as effective change management is a key success factor for project management. Given the well-known limitations of this approach: financial, time and human - the authors focused on the third component, in particular, organizational structure, role, responsibility and interaction of each of its members. It was shown that, under the condition of a clear division of roles, stabilization of work and minimization of deviations from the plan approved by the customer were achieved. It led to an increase in net income at minimal cost - the main criterion for economic efficiency in the agricultural sector. As a result, in modern realities, it is necessary to build breeding programs not on an intuitive approach, but with well-organized planning, starting from the stage of expert assessment of significance and ending with an economic assessment of its effectiveness. A basic project was developed - a plan for the implementation of breeding programs, applicable in production conditions of breeding enterprises.
{"title":"Project approach in breeding programs to ensure food security in Western Siberia","authors":"O. Yusova, P. Nikolaev","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-2-282-300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-2-282-300","url":null,"abstract":"The stages of development and implementation of the project for solving the main issues of breeding programs were considered. The studies were carried out using empirical methods and a marketing strategy. Project management is a part of the enterprise management system, in this case, Omsk Agrarian Research Center. Having a clear, predetermined risk mitigation plan as well as effective change management is a key success factor for project management. Given the well-known limitations of this approach: financial, time and human - the authors focused on the third component, in particular, organizational structure, role, responsibility and interaction of each of its members. It was shown that, under the condition of a clear division of roles, stabilization of work and minimization of deviations from the plan approved by the customer were achieved. It led to an increase in net income at minimal cost - the main criterion for economic efficiency in the agricultural sector. As a result, in modern realities, it is necessary to build breeding programs not on an intuitive approach, but with well-organized planning, starting from the stage of expert assessment of significance and ending with an economic assessment of its effectiveness. A basic project was developed - a plan for the implementation of breeding programs, applicable in production conditions of breeding enterprises.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68268987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-2-222-229
A. Petryaeva, A. Tkachev, O. Tkacheva
Temperament has a significant impact on reproductive function. Most studies are devoted to temperament as a mental characteristic, and the sexual temperament of cats and its influence on physiological characteristics of sperm have not been studied at all. The aim of the research was to study physiological features of reproductive function in cats of Russian breeds depending on sexual temperament. The experiments were carried out in Moscow and the Moscow region from 2019 to 2022. The study used 21 breeding mature cats aged 2 to 8 years, which belonged to 5 different Russian breeds (Bengal breed - 5 cats, British shorthair - 5 cats, Siberian breed - 6 cats, Maine Coon - 5 cats, Sphinx - 5 cats). The sexual temperament of cats was determined according to our methodology developed on the basis of modification of the method for determining the sexual temperament for stallions. Mobility of native sperm was the lowest in cats with a weak nervous system, which is 1.17 % less than mobility of sperm in animals with an unbalanced nervous system, 7.36 % less (P 0.01) compared to physiological mobility of newly acquired sperm in an inert nervous system and 9.71 % less than activity of sperm in cats with a sanguine temperament. The highest concentration of sperm was in cats with live sexual temperament, which was 3.02 million/ml more (P 0.05) than in cats with unrestrained type of temperament, 43.09 million/ml more (P 0.01) than in cats with calm sexual temperament and 56.74 million/ ml more (P 0.01) than in cats with weak sexual temperament. Sperm motility after thawing was higher in cats with inert temperament, which was 5.06 % more (P 0.01) compared to cats with mobile temperament and weak nervous system and 9.1 % more (P 0.001) than in unbalanced cats. Survivability of germ cells in Russian cats at 38 C after defrosting was greatest in live sexual temperament cats, which was 0.22 hours more in comparison with calm sexual temperament cats, 0.62 hours more (P 0.01) than in cats with weak sexual temperament and 0.91 hours more than in cats with unrestrained sexual temperament.
{"title":"Influence of the type of higher nervous activity on seminal physiological characteristics in cats of Russian breeds","authors":"A. Petryaeva, A. Tkachev, O. Tkacheva","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-2-222-229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-2-222-229","url":null,"abstract":"Temperament has a significant impact on reproductive function. Most studies are devoted to temperament as a mental characteristic, and the sexual temperament of cats and its influence on physiological characteristics of sperm have not been studied at all. The aim of the research was to study physiological features of reproductive function in cats of Russian breeds depending on sexual temperament. The experiments were carried out in Moscow and the Moscow region from 2019 to 2022. The study used 21 breeding mature cats aged 2 to 8 years, which belonged to 5 different Russian breeds (Bengal breed - 5 cats, British shorthair - 5 cats, Siberian breed - 6 cats, Maine Coon - 5 cats, Sphinx - 5 cats). The sexual temperament of cats was determined according to our methodology developed on the basis of modification of the method for determining the sexual temperament for stallions. Mobility of native sperm was the lowest in cats with a weak nervous system, which is 1.17 % less than mobility of sperm in animals with an unbalanced nervous system, 7.36 % less (P 0.01) compared to physiological mobility of newly acquired sperm in an inert nervous system and 9.71 % less than activity of sperm in cats with a sanguine temperament. The highest concentration of sperm was in cats with live sexual temperament, which was 3.02 million/ml more (P 0.05) than in cats with unrestrained type of temperament, 43.09 million/ml more (P 0.01) than in cats with calm sexual temperament and 56.74 million/ ml more (P 0.01) than in cats with weak sexual temperament. Sperm motility after thawing was higher in cats with inert temperament, which was 5.06 % more (P 0.01) compared to cats with mobile temperament and weak nervous system and 9.1 % more (P 0.001) than in unbalanced cats. Survivability of germ cells in Russian cats at 38 C after defrosting was greatest in live sexual temperament cats, which was 0.22 hours more in comparison with calm sexual temperament cats, 0.62 hours more (P 0.01) than in cats with weak sexual temperament and 0.91 hours more than in cats with unrestrained sexual temperament.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68268293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-2-186-196
M. Nakhaev, T. Astarkhanova
Studies on the optimization of basic tillage techniques were carried out in the foothill part of the Chechen Republic. The purpose of the research was to determine the optimal reception of basic tillage on the slope landscapes of the Chechen Republic in the cultivation of grain and leguminous crops. The results of the optimization of basic tillage techniques on the sloping landscape of the Chechen Republic have shown that the smallest number of weeds on average in 2017-2021 was recorded on winter wheat crops after moldboard tillage (12.3 plants/m2), the largest number of weeds was registered on spring barley crops after minimum disc tillage (36.1 plants/m2). The smallest dry biomass (2.79 t/ha) was found in peas in the variant with minimum disc tillage. The maximum dry biomass (5.15 t/ha) was recorded for winter wheat in the variant with deep moldboard tillage. The lowest net photosynthetic productivity (1.82 g/m2 per day) was found in peas in the variant with minimum tillage. The highest net photosynthetic productivity (3.39 g/m2 per day) was noted for winter wheat in the variant with minimum disk tillage. On average for 2017-2021, the maximum economic yield of grain on the sloping landscape was formed in winter wheat after deep tillage and amounted to 4.25 t/ha. The minimum economic yield of grain was formed in peas after deep tillage and was 2.14 t/ha. Thus, optimal conditions for growth and development of grain and leguminous crops on the sloping landscapes of the Chechen Republic are formed after moldboard tillage to a depth of 0.200.22 m with a nonmoldboard deepening to 0.350.37 m.
{"title":"Optimization of basic tillage techniques on the slope landscapes in the Chechen Republic","authors":"M. Nakhaev, T. Astarkhanova","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-2-186-196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-2-186-196","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on the optimization of basic tillage techniques were carried out in the foothill part of the Chechen Republic. The purpose of the research was to determine the optimal reception of basic tillage on the slope landscapes of the Chechen Republic in the cultivation of grain and leguminous crops. The results of the optimization of basic tillage techniques on the sloping landscape of the Chechen Republic have shown that the smallest number of weeds on average in 2017-2021 was recorded on winter wheat crops after moldboard tillage (12.3 plants/m2), the largest number of weeds was registered on spring barley crops after minimum disc tillage (36.1 plants/m2). The smallest dry biomass (2.79 t/ha) was found in peas in the variant with minimum disc tillage. The maximum dry biomass (5.15 t/ha) was recorded for winter wheat in the variant with deep moldboard tillage. The lowest net photosynthetic productivity (1.82 g/m2 per day) was found in peas in the variant with minimum tillage. The highest net photosynthetic productivity (3.39 g/m2 per day) was noted for winter wheat in the variant with minimum disk tillage. On average for 2017-2021, the maximum economic yield of grain on the sloping landscape was formed in winter wheat after deep tillage and amounted to 4.25 t/ha. The minimum economic yield of grain was formed in peas after deep tillage and was 2.14 t/ha. Thus, optimal conditions for growth and development of grain and leguminous crops on the sloping landscapes of the Chechen Republic are formed after moldboard tillage to a depth of 0.200.22 m with a nonmoldboard deepening to 0.350.37 m.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68268565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-2-174-185
N. J. Kavhiza, M. Zargar, S. I. Prikhodko, E. Pakina, Simbo Diakite
Onion bacterial blight is a problematic disease affecting onion production in many countries. The disease is seed-transmitted, hence difficult to control. The study was based on the effects of bacteria on germination percentage and germination energy of various commercial onion varieties. Twelve commercial varieties were obtained from the market and inoculated with bacteria and then tested for germination percentage and germination energy. For most onion varieties, the level of germination inhibition increased with increasing bacterial concentration. On the 5th day of recording, the germination of onion seeds of the variety Karantansky which were inoculated with bacteria at a concentration of 108 CFU/ml differed significantly from the germination of seeds in the control variant. At the same time, seed germination was similar to the control when using bacteria at a concentration of 106 cfu/ml. On the 14th day of record, it was found that the highest concentration (108 CFU/ ml) caused the highest level of inhibition in most onion seeds, while moderate levels were observed at 106 CFU/ ml and the lowest concentration (104 CFU/ml) caused the least inhibition. In the cultivar Khaltsedon, seeds did not germinate at any of the bacterial concentrations compared to 8 % germination in the control. Regarding germination energy, the highest concentration of inoculum on the 5th day of record had the greatest effect in 3 varieties: Myachkovsky 300, Carmen MS and Khaltsedon with germination energy of 3, 2 and 0 %, respectively. In most varieties, the highest bacterial concentration of 108 CFU/ml had the least effect on germination energy, followed by 106 CFU/ml and the highest of 104 CFU/ml on the 14th day of record. However, there were no differences in the effect of concentrations for the varieties Karantansky and Khaltsedon, although all treatments differed significantly from controls (p 0.05).
{"title":"Influence of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. allii on germination of 12 onion varieties","authors":"N. J. Kavhiza, M. Zargar, S. I. Prikhodko, E. Pakina, Simbo Diakite","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-2-174-185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2023-18-2-174-185","url":null,"abstract":"Onion bacterial blight is a problematic disease affecting onion production in many countries. The disease is seed-transmitted, hence difficult to control. The study was based on the effects of bacteria on germination percentage and germination energy of various commercial onion varieties. Twelve commercial varieties were obtained from the market and inoculated with bacteria and then tested for germination percentage and germination energy. For most onion varieties, the level of germination inhibition increased with increasing bacterial concentration. On the 5th day of recording, the germination of onion seeds of the variety Karantansky which were inoculated with bacteria at a concentration of 108 CFU/ml differed significantly from the germination of seeds in the control variant. At the same time, seed germination was similar to the control when using bacteria at a concentration of 106 cfu/ml. On the 14th day of record, it was found that the highest concentration (108 CFU/ ml) caused the highest level of inhibition in most onion seeds, while moderate levels were observed at 106 CFU/ ml and the lowest concentration (104 CFU/ml) caused the least inhibition. In the cultivar Khaltsedon, seeds did not germinate at any of the bacterial concentrations compared to 8 % germination in the control. Regarding germination energy, the highest concentration of inoculum on the 5th day of record had the greatest effect in 3 varieties: Myachkovsky 300, Carmen MS and Khaltsedon with germination energy of 3, 2 and 0 %, respectively. In most varieties, the highest bacterial concentration of 108 CFU/ml had the least effect on germination energy, followed by 106 CFU/ml and the highest of 104 CFU/ml on the 14th day of record. However, there were no differences in the effect of concentrations for the varieties Karantansky and Khaltsedon, although all treatments differed significantly from controls (p 0.05).","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68268428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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