Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-555-566
G. Duskaev, Kristina S. Lazebnik, T. Klimova
In modern world, there is a need to search for alternatives to antibiotics due to the growing resistance of microorganisms. Plant extracts can be a promising replacement. Due to biological functions, they can suppress the development of various processes associated with pathogenicity and virulence, in particular, the Quorum sensing process. Based on the above, the aim of the study was to assess the bioactivity of 7,8-dihydroxy-4- methylcoumarin and 20% chlortetracycline in relation to the microbial diversity of the cecum of broiler chickens. 4 groups of broiler chickens were formed for the experiment. The control group received a diet without additives (basic diet (BD)); group I - BD + 20% chlortetracycline, at the dosage 0.63 g/kg bw per day, group II - BD + 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin at a dose of 9.0 mcg/ kg bw per day; Group III - BD + 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin + 20% chlortetracycline. The NGS of the 16S rRNA gene was used as a research method. Analysis of the results showed that addition of coumarin, the antibiotic and their combination to the poultry diet had an impact on formation of the microbial composition of intestine. Moreover, there was a decrease in the number of Lactobacillaceae , Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae families. In addition, the proportion of opportunistic Streptococcus flora decreased more than by 10 %.
{"title":"Microbial diversity in the cecum of broiler chickens after introduction of coumarin and feed antibiotic into the diet","authors":"G. Duskaev, Kristina S. Lazebnik, T. Klimova","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-555-566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-4-555-566","url":null,"abstract":"In modern world, there is a need to search for alternatives to antibiotics due to the growing resistance of microorganisms. Plant extracts can be a promising replacement. Due to biological functions, they can suppress the development of various processes associated with pathogenicity and virulence, in particular, the Quorum sensing process. Based on the above, the aim of the study was to assess the bioactivity of 7,8-dihydroxy-4- methylcoumarin and 20% chlortetracycline in relation to the microbial diversity of the cecum of broiler chickens. 4 groups of broiler chickens were formed for the experiment. The control group received a diet without additives (basic diet (BD)); group I - BD + 20% chlortetracycline, at the dosage 0.63 g/kg bw per day, group II - BD + 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin at a dose of 9.0 mcg/ kg bw per day; Group III - BD + 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin + 20% chlortetracycline. The NGS of the 16S rRNA gene was used as a research method. Analysis of the results showed that addition of coumarin, the antibiotic and their combination to the poultry diet had an impact on formation of the microbial composition of intestine. Moreover, there was a decrease in the number of Lactobacillaceae , Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae families. In addition, the proportion of opportunistic Streptococcus flora decreased more than by 10 %.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47577675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-406-415
Tatiana V. Slashchilina, I. Shaposhnikov, A. V. Aristov, O. M. Marmurova, V. Kotsarev
Industry development has a technogenic impact on the environment, thereby posing a threat to health and welfare of farm animals. As a result, toxic substances accumulate in soil, water, feed, and have a long period of decomposition. At the same time, changes in the metabolic profile occur in animals, leading to a decrease in their resistance to viral and bacterial infections. The search for new means and methods to stop the development of pathological conditions and create conditions for the resistance of cows to technogenic stress seems to be relevant. In this regard, the purpose was to study the effect of аminoseleferon-B on hematological parameters and protein metabolism of cows with immune deficiency under technogenic load caused by the chemical industry producing mineral fertilizers in Voronezh region. During monitoring soil and water bodies near this object, an excess of the maximum permissible concentrations for heavy metal content was established. The studies were carried out in industrial livestock complex on 20 highly productive dairy cows with a secondary immunodeficiency state, located in the zone of exposure to chemical emissions into the atmosphere. Control and experimental groups of animals were formed. Experimental cows were injected with аminoseleferon-B. It was revealed that the presence of cows in conditions of technogenic impact on the environment leads to decrease in total protein, change in blood fractional composition, which negatively affects physiological processes in the body. Insufficient levels of and -globulin fractions in cow blood indicate inhibition of natural resistance factors. A negative reaction of animal organism associated with exposure to toxins is indicated by significant increase in the level of -globulins in blood. It was found that аminoseleferon-B had a corrective effect on blood morphological parameters and protein metabolism, significantly increasing number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, monocytes, total protein, -globulins, -globulins and reducing content of neutrophils, eosinophils, -globulins to normal levels. Thus, аminoseleferon-B contributed to increase in natural resistance, adaptation to adverse environmental factors and stimulation of metabolic processes in cows.
{"title":"Effect of biologically active substances on hematological status of cows","authors":"Tatiana V. Slashchilina, I. Shaposhnikov, A. V. Aristov, O. M. Marmurova, V. Kotsarev","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-406-415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-406-415","url":null,"abstract":"Industry development has a technogenic impact on the environment, thereby posing a threat to health and welfare of farm animals. As a result, toxic substances accumulate in soil, water, feed, and have a long period of decomposition. At the same time, changes in the metabolic profile occur in animals, leading to a decrease in their resistance to viral and bacterial infections. The search for new means and methods to stop the development of pathological conditions and create conditions for the resistance of cows to technogenic stress seems to be relevant. In this regard, the purpose was to study the effect of аminoseleferon-B on hematological parameters and protein metabolism of cows with immune deficiency under technogenic load caused by the chemical industry producing mineral fertilizers in Voronezh region. During monitoring soil and water bodies near this object, an excess of the maximum permissible concentrations for heavy metal content was established. The studies were carried out in industrial livestock complex on 20 highly productive dairy cows with a secondary immunodeficiency state, located in the zone of exposure to chemical emissions into the atmosphere. Control and experimental groups of animals were formed. Experimental cows were injected with аminoseleferon-B. It was revealed that the presence of cows in conditions of technogenic impact on the environment leads to decrease in total protein, change in blood fractional composition, which negatively affects physiological processes in the body. Insufficient levels of and -globulin fractions in cow blood indicate inhibition of natural resistance factors. A negative reaction of animal organism associated with exposure to toxins is indicated by significant increase in the level of -globulins in blood. It was found that аminoseleferon-B had a corrective effect on blood morphological parameters and protein metabolism, significantly increasing number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, monocytes, total protein, -globulins, -globulins and reducing content of neutrophils, eosinophils, -globulins to normal levels. Thus, аminoseleferon-B contributed to increase in natural resistance, adaptation to adverse environmental factors and stimulation of metabolic processes in cows.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47486934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-382-391
Ilya F. Vilkowysky
Dynamics of cerebrospinal fl parameters in postoperative period during correction of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs is an important diagnostic aspect that allows monitoring changes in the state of animals after surgery. An accurate analysis of cerebrospinal fl id provides a wide range of information about the patients neurological health. The assessment should consist of macroscopic, quantitative and microscopic analyses. Сell count is the most important and potentially sensitive indicator of disease. The aim of this study was to determine changes in the cerebrospinal fluid during the postoperative period in the correction of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. In the study, there were 9 dogs of various breeds, aged from 2 to 8 years (experimental group), the indicators of cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood of 3 healthy outbred dogs obtained as a result of medical examination at the age of up to 5 years were used as a control. Surgical intervention was carried out according to the B.P. Meij, N. Bergknut, which consists in dorsal access to the L7-S 1 vertebral arches, soft tissue dissection, dissection of the dorsal ligament, formation of channels in the cranial articular processes of S 1, L7. From each animal, three liquorograms were taken for examination three times on days 1-3 after surgery, on days 12-15 and 27-30 after surgery. The study of cerebrospinal fluid was performed within 30 minutes after taking. As a result of the data obtained, it was found that the cellular composition of the liquor of dogs in the postoperative period of correction of lumbosacral stenosis was within the physiological norm, erythrocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid were not detected. The number of nucleated cells in operated dogs was the highest on days 1-3 after surgery. On the 12th-15th day after the operation, cytosis in the experimental and control groups of animals was 1.27 cells/l more. On days 27-30 after surgery, cytosis in dogs in the experimental group was lower by 0.45 cells/l compared to the control. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid can help in the diagnostic assessment of the condition of animals in the postoperative period. However, it should be borne in mind that results are rarely specific to any particular condition and should be interpreted in the light of clinical and additional diagnostic findings.
{"title":"Dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid in correction of degenerative lumbosacral stenozis during the postoperative period in dogs","authors":"Ilya F. Vilkowysky","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-382-391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-382-391","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamics of cerebrospinal fl parameters in postoperative period during correction of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs is an important diagnostic aspect that allows monitoring changes in the state of animals after surgery. An accurate analysis of cerebrospinal fl id provides a wide range of information about the patients neurological health. The assessment should consist of macroscopic, quantitative and microscopic analyses. Сell count is the most important and potentially sensitive indicator of disease. The aim of this study was to determine changes in the cerebrospinal fluid during the postoperative period in the correction of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. In the study, there were 9 dogs of various breeds, aged from 2 to 8 years (experimental group), the indicators of cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood of 3 healthy outbred dogs obtained as a result of medical examination at the age of up to 5 years were used as a control. Surgical intervention was carried out according to the B.P. Meij, N. Bergknut, which consists in dorsal access to the L7-S 1 vertebral arches, soft tissue dissection, dissection of the dorsal ligament, formation of channels in the cranial articular processes of S 1, L7. From each animal, three liquorograms were taken for examination three times on days 1-3 after surgery, on days 12-15 and 27-30 after surgery. The study of cerebrospinal fluid was performed within 30 minutes after taking. As a result of the data obtained, it was found that the cellular composition of the liquor of dogs in the postoperative period of correction of lumbosacral stenosis was within the physiological norm, erythrocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid were not detected. The number of nucleated cells in operated dogs was the highest on days 1-3 after surgery. On the 12th-15th day after the operation, cytosis in the experimental and control groups of animals was 1.27 cells/l more. On days 27-30 after surgery, cytosis in dogs in the experimental group was lower by 0.45 cells/l compared to the control. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid can help in the diagnostic assessment of the condition of animals in the postoperative period. However, it should be borne in mind that results are rarely specific to any particular condition and should be interpreted in the light of clinical and additional diagnostic findings.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44609840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-263-286
I. Savin, S. Avetyan, E. Shishkonakova, A. Zhogolev
Information about spatial distribution of agricultural crops in Russia exists only in the form of statistical data aggregated at the level of regions or farms, which does not make it possible to obtain data about the actual distribution of crops. Attempts to use satellite data for mapping of individual crops have not yet been successful either. We have attempted to disaggregate statistical data on crop areas using map of ploughed soils in Russia, information on crop rotations, and assessment of suitability of land for cultivation of specific crops. An analysis was conducted for the 28 most common crops in Russia. Maps of the distribution of these crops in the country were constructed. The maps give an idea of the geography of crops in Russia and can be used to improve approaches to satellite mapping and monitoring of crop areas in the country.
{"title":"Spatial patterns of crops in Russia","authors":"I. Savin, S. Avetyan, E. Shishkonakova, A. Zhogolev","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-263-286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-263-286","url":null,"abstract":"Information about spatial distribution of agricultural crops in Russia exists only in the form of statistical data aggregated at the level of regions or farms, which does not make it possible to obtain data about the actual distribution of crops. Attempts to use satellite data for mapping of individual crops have not yet been successful either. We have attempted to disaggregate statistical data on crop areas using map of ploughed soils in Russia, information on crop rotations, and assessment of suitability of land for cultivation of specific crops. An analysis was conducted for the 28 most common crops in Russia. Maps of the distribution of these crops in the country were constructed. The maps give an idea of the geography of crops in Russia and can be used to improve approaches to satellite mapping and monitoring of crop areas in the country.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43403253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-251-262
V. Fedorova
Triticale, due to its specific properties to form stable grain yields in the zones with risky agriculture, should find wider application in acutely arid conditions. Therefore, the use of highly productive cultivars of winter triticale in semi-desert zone of the north-west of the Astrakhan region is relevant. The aim of the research was a comprehensive assessment of promising winter triticale cultivars of different ecological and geographical origin for adaptability to stressful meteorological factors in semi-desert zone of the northwestern Astrakhan region. To determine the main indicators of adaptability (winter hardiness, plasticity, stability, stress tolerance, genetic flexibility), six promising winter triticale cultivars (Tribun, Interes, PRAG 152, Khleborob, Zhnets and Uragan) were studied. Field agroecological tests were conducted on rainfed fields of Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the RAS with different moisture level in 2018-2020. Nelli cultivar was used as a control. The methods of Selyaninov G.T., Zhivotkov L.A., Eberhart S.A., and Rassell W.A. were used for calculations. During periods of active vegetation of winter triticale, Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient varied from 0.3 to 0.5 (zone of strong and very strong drought); environment index was from -0.67 to 0.66. According to the data obtained, cv. Khleborob showed the greatest adaptive potential and consistently high yield under various meteorological conditions of the season compared to the other tested winter triticale varieties. Moreover, the cultivar had good winter hardiness (5 points) and survival (90.8 %). On the average for the years of research it showed high adaptability coefficient (1.43), and the indicators of its plasticity and genetic flexibility were 0.77 and 1.40, respectively. Therefore, cv. Khleborob can be recommended for use in the acutely arid conditions in semi-desert zone of the northwestern part of the Astrakhan region.
{"title":"Promising cultivars of winter triticale for grain production in the north-west of the Astrakhan region","authors":"V. Fedorova","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-251-262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-251-262","url":null,"abstract":"Triticale, due to its specific properties to form stable grain yields in the zones with risky agriculture, should find wider application in acutely arid conditions. Therefore, the use of highly productive cultivars of winter triticale in semi-desert zone of the north-west of the Astrakhan region is relevant. The aim of the research was a comprehensive assessment of promising winter triticale cultivars of different ecological and geographical origin for adaptability to stressful meteorological factors in semi-desert zone of the northwestern Astrakhan region. To determine the main indicators of adaptability (winter hardiness, plasticity, stability, stress tolerance, genetic flexibility), six promising winter triticale cultivars (Tribun, Interes, PRAG 152, Khleborob, Zhnets and Uragan) were studied. Field agroecological tests were conducted on rainfed fields of Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the RAS with different moisture level in 2018-2020. Nelli cultivar was used as a control. The methods of Selyaninov G.T., Zhivotkov L.A., Eberhart S.A., and Rassell W.A. were used for calculations. During periods of active vegetation of winter triticale, Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient varied from 0.3 to 0.5 (zone of strong and very strong drought); environment index was from -0.67 to 0.66. According to the data obtained, cv. Khleborob showed the greatest adaptive potential and consistently high yield under various meteorological conditions of the season compared to the other tested winter triticale varieties. Moreover, the cultivar had good winter hardiness (5 points) and survival (90.8 %). On the average for the years of research it showed high adaptability coefficient (1.43), and the indicators of its plasticity and genetic flexibility were 0.77 and 1.40, respectively. Therefore, cv. Khleborob can be recommended for use in the acutely arid conditions in semi-desert zone of the northwestern part of the Astrakhan region.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45387164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-287-298
V. Korelina, O. Batakova, I. Zobnina
Red clover is the main perennial legume crop in the Northern region. The article presents the results of the competitive variety testing of accessions (2019 and 2021) on nutritional value and feed productivity. Amounts of crude protein, fat, fiber, sugar, ash elements and carotene were estimated in contrasting meteorological conditions. The research years had signifi differences in the sum of temperatures, precipitation accumulation and hydrothermal coeffi During regrowth-beginning of fl period of red clover, the hydrothermal coeffi was 2.2 in 2019, and 0.75 in 2021. The purpose of the research was to study the nutritional value and productivity of breeding samples of red clover and selection of promising ones for further breeding work. The prevailing role of weather conditions over the varietal features of samples was revealed. In the dry year 2021, the studied indicators of nutritional value (except phosphorus) were higher than in the wet year 2019. In terms of nutrient content, SD-326, K-17421, K-46524, K-44964, K-1939 were identifi signifi exceeding the standard or showing a result at the standard level for two or more chemical components. In terms of high nutritional value and protein yield, three samples reliably confirmed the excess over the standard on average for two years of testing: SD-326-1227 kg/ha (+ 130 kg/ha), K-17421-1308 kg/ha (+ 211 kg/ha), K-46524-1156 kg/ha (+ 59 kg/ha). The obtained results will be used in future creation of red clover cultivars with high nutritional properties and feed productivity.
{"title":"Creation of initial breeding material of red clover with high fodder qualities for conditions of Northern region","authors":"V. Korelina, O. Batakova, I. Zobnina","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-287-298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-287-298","url":null,"abstract":"Red clover is the main perennial legume crop in the Northern region. The article presents the results of the competitive variety testing of accessions (2019 and 2021) on nutritional value and feed productivity. Amounts of crude protein, fat, fiber, sugar, ash elements and carotene were estimated in contrasting meteorological conditions. The research years had signifi differences in the sum of temperatures, precipitation accumulation and hydrothermal coeffi During regrowth-beginning of fl period of red clover, the hydrothermal coeffi was 2.2 in 2019, and 0.75 in 2021. The purpose of the research was to study the nutritional value and productivity of breeding samples of red clover and selection of promising ones for further breeding work. The prevailing role of weather conditions over the varietal features of samples was revealed. In the dry year 2021, the studied indicators of nutritional value (except phosphorus) were higher than in the wet year 2019. In terms of nutrient content, SD-326, K-17421, K-46524, K-44964, K-1939 were identifi signifi exceeding the standard or showing a result at the standard level for two or more chemical components. In terms of high nutritional value and protein yield, three samples reliably confirmed the excess over the standard on average for two years of testing: SD-326-1227 kg/ha (+ 130 kg/ha), K-17421-1308 kg/ha (+ 211 kg/ha), K-46524-1156 kg/ha (+ 59 kg/ha). The obtained results will be used in future creation of red clover cultivars with high nutritional properties and feed productivity.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48474666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-360-372
Oksana V. Rudenko
The evaluation of the breeding work results carried out, the identification of optimal systems for the animals selection, including related ones, have always been relevant. The purpose was to study the influence of various inbreeding degrees on reproductive abilities and their selection and genetic parameters in Holstein cows. The research was carried out on the basis of Pushkinskoe Breeding Plant, Nizhny Novgorod region. At the earliest age, heifers were inseminated in the group with recent inbreeding (14.87 months), for this reason they had the lowest weight at the first insemination - 4 25.7 kg. Cows in the group with recent inbreeding had the shortest service period (108.9 days), the longest service period was in the group with close inbreeding (152.6 days). The variability of live weight during the first insemination and fertilization in all groups was at a low level (Cv = 5,228,25 %). The duration of the service period after first lactation in all groups, except for the group of close inbreeding, had a variation of about 45 %, in the group with close inbreeding it was 1.5 times higher. Despite its small number, the group of close inbreeding turned out to be the most variable in all indicators. An increase in the age of the first fertilization of heifers in the group of close inbreeding leads to an increase in the duration of the service period (r = 0.335). However, there is practically no connection between these indicators in the other groups. Many of the studied indicators had a weak positive or negative relationship with each other. Among the resulting young, more than half were heifers, in groups with different inbreeding degrees this indicator varied from 63.3 to 66.7 %, in the group with outbred animals it was 69.4 %. Twins were registered 2 times and only in the group with a recent inbreeding degree. Stillbirth in all groups was at a fairly low level - 5 .76.7 %, in the group with a close inbreeding degree no cases of stillborn calves were detected. The birth of calves with congenital deformities and pathologies from related mating was not observed. Thus, in the conducted studies, inbreeding had no negative impact on the cows reproductive qualities even to a close degree.
{"title":"Cow reproduction rates with varying inbreeding degrees","authors":"Oksana V. Rudenko","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-360-372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-360-372","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of the breeding work results carried out, the identification of optimal systems for the animals selection, including related ones, have always been relevant. The purpose was to study the influence of various inbreeding degrees on reproductive abilities and their selection and genetic parameters in Holstein cows. The research was carried out on the basis of Pushkinskoe Breeding Plant, Nizhny Novgorod region. At the earliest age, heifers were inseminated in the group with recent inbreeding (14.87 months), for this reason they had the lowest weight at the first insemination - 4 25.7 kg. Cows in the group with recent inbreeding had the shortest service period (108.9 days), the longest service period was in the group with close inbreeding (152.6 days). The variability of live weight during the first insemination and fertilization in all groups was at a low level (Cv = 5,228,25 %). The duration of the service period after first lactation in all groups, except for the group of close inbreeding, had a variation of about 45 %, in the group with close inbreeding it was 1.5 times higher. Despite its small number, the group of close inbreeding turned out to be the most variable in all indicators. An increase in the age of the first fertilization of heifers in the group of close inbreeding leads to an increase in the duration of the service period (r = 0.335). However, there is practically no connection between these indicators in the other groups. Many of the studied indicators had a weak positive or negative relationship with each other. Among the resulting young, more than half were heifers, in groups with different inbreeding degrees this indicator varied from 63.3 to 66.7 %, in the group with outbred animals it was 69.4 %. Twins were registered 2 times and only in the group with a recent inbreeding degree. Stillbirth in all groups was at a fairly low level - 5 .76.7 %, in the group with a close inbreeding degree no cases of stillborn calves were detected. The birth of calves with congenital deformities and pathologies from related mating was not observed. Thus, in the conducted studies, inbreeding had no negative impact on the cows reproductive qualities even to a close degree.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42809355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-315-330
I. Vasenev, N. Gorbunova, A. Gromovik, T. Devyatova
The structural-aggregate composition of leached chernozems (Voronic Chernozems Pachic according to WRB-2014), the distribution of organic compounds Corg and labile humic substances (LHS) in the structural-aggregate fractions of carbon in the conditions of a slope type of terrain during the development of erosion were studied. The work was carried out in the northern part of the Voronezh region on the catena, which included a section of the watershed, smoothly turning into a southwestern slope about 1500 m long and 5˚ steep. The soils of the following sections of the catena were studied: 1) the watershed part; 2) the upper part of the slope; 3) the middle part of the slope. It was shown that degradation of the structural-aggregate state occurs in eroded chernozems, accompanied by a deterioration in microstructurality, a decrease in the number of mesoaggregates and a structural coefficient, as well as a loss of a water-resistant structure. According to the results, LHS play a very important role in maintaining the water-stable structure of chernozems. The most significant contribution to the content of Corg contribute mesoaggregates 5-1 mm in size, which are actively lost during the development of erosion.
{"title":"Influence of water erosion on the structure and content of labile humic substances in the structural-aggregate fractions of leached chernozems of the Central Chernozem region","authors":"I. Vasenev, N. Gorbunova, A. Gromovik, T. Devyatova","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-315-330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-315-330","url":null,"abstract":"The structural-aggregate composition of leached chernozems (Voronic Chernozems Pachic according to WRB-2014), the distribution of organic compounds Corg and labile humic substances (LHS) in the structural-aggregate fractions of carbon in the conditions of a slope type of terrain during the development of erosion were studied. The work was carried out in the northern part of the Voronezh region on the catena, which included a section of the watershed, smoothly turning into a southwestern slope about 1500 m long and 5˚ steep. The soils of the following sections of the catena were studied: 1) the watershed part; 2) the upper part of the slope; 3) the middle part of the slope. It was shown that degradation of the structural-aggregate state occurs in eroded chernozems, accompanied by a deterioration in microstructurality, a decrease in the number of mesoaggregates and a structural coefficient, as well as a loss of a water-resistant structure. According to the results, LHS play a very important role in maintaining the water-stable structure of chernozems. The most significant contribution to the content of Corg contribute mesoaggregates 5-1 mm in size, which are actively lost during the development of erosion.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49107782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-299-314
Roman M. Blashik, V. Nosov, A. F. Peliy
Field experiments were carried out on sandy loamy podzolic soil in the Łdź Voivodship (Wieluń commune, Masłowice parish) at the Experimental Station of the Polish Research Variety Testing Center, to study the effect of various winter wheat feeding systems with an intensive cultivation system on yield and grain quality indicators. The soil before conducting the experiments was characterized by a neutral reaction of the soil environment, a very high level of mobile phosphorus, and an average content of mobile potassium in 2017 and 2019, and high availability in 2018. The initial level of nitrate nitrogen in the soil was medium in 2017 and high in 2018 and 2019. The podzolic soils of the region, with a light granulometric composition, often have a low supply of sulfur available to plants. With a low content of humus in such soils, there is a small reserve of sulfur in organic form, and therefore, variants with sulfur-containing fertilizers were included in the intensive technology of winter wheat cultivation. Weather conditions of the growing seasons 2017-2018, 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 differed by an insufficient amount of atmospheric precipitation during the growth stages critical for grain formation. The yield of winter wheat grain in all years of research was maximum in variant 3 with the use of ammonium nitrate and complex sulfur-containing fertilizer Apaviva NPK(S) 15:15:15(10) as top dressing. The yield increase resulted from the autumn phosphorus-potassium application (double superphosphate and potassium chloride) was 25, 34 and 30 % in 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. The maximum grain yield of winter wheat in the experiment of 6.93 t/ha was obtained in variant 3 in 2019. Such a system of winter wheat top dressing provided a stable high additional income.
{"title":"Efficiency of early spring feeding of winter wheat complex fertilizers on light podzolic soil in Poland","authors":"Roman M. Blashik, V. Nosov, A. F. Peliy","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-299-314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-299-314","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were carried out on sandy loamy podzolic soil in the Łdź Voivodship (Wieluń commune, Masłowice parish) at the Experimental Station of the Polish Research Variety Testing Center, to study the effect of various winter wheat feeding systems with an intensive cultivation system on yield and grain quality indicators. The soil before conducting the experiments was characterized by a neutral reaction of the soil environment, a very high level of mobile phosphorus, and an average content of mobile potassium in 2017 and 2019, and high availability in 2018. The initial level of nitrate nitrogen in the soil was medium in 2017 and high in 2018 and 2019. The podzolic soils of the region, with a light granulometric composition, often have a low supply of sulfur available to plants. With a low content of humus in such soils, there is a small reserve of sulfur in organic form, and therefore, variants with sulfur-containing fertilizers were included in the intensive technology of winter wheat cultivation. Weather conditions of the growing seasons 2017-2018, 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 differed by an insufficient amount of atmospheric precipitation during the growth stages critical for grain formation. The yield of winter wheat grain in all years of research was maximum in variant 3 with the use of ammonium nitrate and complex sulfur-containing fertilizer Apaviva NPK(S) 15:15:15(10) as top dressing. The yield increase resulted from the autumn phosphorus-potassium application (double superphosphate and potassium chloride) was 25, 34 and 30 % in 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. The maximum grain yield of winter wheat in the experiment of 6.93 t/ha was obtained in variant 3 in 2019. Such a system of winter wheat top dressing provided a stable high additional income.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47647503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-350-359
A. A. Bakaneva
Seed germination and development of common oak ( Quercus robur L.) during the first year of growing under conditions of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, Astrakhan region, were studied in the research. Currently, the floodplain forests of the Astrakhan region are experiencing a very high load from the grazing of farm animals and wild tourism. Therefore, it is necessary to restore degraded forest phytocenoses to increase species diversity. The aim of the study was to study the effect of flooding duration on oak germination of in the soil and climatic conditions of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain in the north of the Astrakhan region. Sowing seeds were carried out according to the Sukachev method (1961). According to the results of the three-year research (2019-2021), it was revealed: the germination of seeds (acorns) of common oak ( Quercus robur L.) averaged 31 % of the total sown seeds. In 2019 and 2021, germination of oak in non-flooded areas was 5 % higher compared to other variants of the experiment (short-term and long-term flooding), resulted from seed loss due to prolonged flooding. In 2020, as a result of short flooding period, germination had an insignificant difference in variants. The height of annual seedlings of common oak in the variant of prolonged flooding differed significantly (35 cm higher) from other variants.
{"title":"Germination of acorns and growth of one-year common oak seedlings in conditions of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, Astrakhan region","authors":"A. A. Bakaneva","doi":"10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-350-359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2022-17-3-350-359","url":null,"abstract":"Seed germination and development of common oak ( Quercus robur L.) during the first year of growing under conditions of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, Astrakhan region, were studied in the research. Currently, the floodplain forests of the Astrakhan region are experiencing a very high load from the grazing of farm animals and wild tourism. Therefore, it is necessary to restore degraded forest phytocenoses to increase species diversity. The aim of the study was to study the effect of flooding duration on oak germination of in the soil and climatic conditions of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain in the north of the Astrakhan region. Sowing seeds were carried out according to the Sukachev method (1961). According to the results of the three-year research (2019-2021), it was revealed: the germination of seeds (acorns) of common oak ( Quercus robur L.) averaged 31 % of the total sown seeds. In 2019 and 2021, germination of oak in non-flooded areas was 5 % higher compared to other variants of the experiment (short-term and long-term flooding), resulted from seed loss due to prolonged flooding. In 2020, as a result of short flooding period, germination had an insignificant difference in variants. The height of annual seedlings of common oak in the variant of prolonged flooding differed significantly (35 cm higher) from other variants.","PeriodicalId":53086,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47817994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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