I explore the impact of public defender and prosecutor elections using caseload data from Florida. While most states within the US use popular elections to select and retain prosecutors, public defenders are typically appointed positions. Florida is novel in that for both positions, popular, partisan elections are used to select the office’s leader. I first document important distortions in pre-trial case handling. A public defender re-election is associated with an increase in the proportion of cases resolved via plea bargaining, while prosecutor re-elections are associated with less plea bargaining. At the trial phase, I present evidence that public defender re-elections are associated with a decrease in the proportion of jury trials that result in a conviction, while a prosecutor re-election coincides with an increase in the conviction rate. The results are consistent with voters holding both elected officials accountable for doing their job. Public defenders obtain plea bargains at a higher rate and secure acquittals for their clients when up for re-election. Prosecutors do not plea bargain as much and win at trial when up for re-election.
{"title":"Debundling accountability: prosecutor and public defender elections in Florida","authors":"Bryan C. McCannon","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3204623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3204623","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 I explore the impact of public defender and prosecutor elections using caseload data from Florida. While most states within the US use popular elections to select and retain prosecutors, public defenders are typically appointed positions. Florida is novel in that for both positions, popular, partisan elections are used to select the office’s leader. I first document important distortions in pre-trial case handling. A public defender re-election is associated with an increase in the proportion of cases resolved via plea bargaining, while prosecutor re-elections are associated with less plea bargaining. At the trial phase, I present evidence that public defender re-elections are associated with a decrease in the proportion of jury trials that result in a conviction, while a prosecutor re-election coincides with an increase in the conviction rate. The results are consistent with voters holding both elected officials accountable for doing their job. Public defenders obtain plea bargains at a higher rate and secure acquittals for their clients when up for re-election. Prosecutors do not plea bargain as much and win at trial when up for re-election.\u0000","PeriodicalId":53126,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48690856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bruni L., Reciprocità: dinamiche di cooperazione, economia e società civile","authors":"Alberto Batinti","doi":"10.51952/pzpc3227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51952/pzpc3227","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53126,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70624097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The conventional approach to public finance contributes to the growth in the scope of governments under liberal democracy. Orthodox analysis of tax policy utilizes a framework that aims to satisfy government revenue objectives while doing the least additional harm to the economy. An unintended consequence arises from the search for ‘optimal’ tax rates or revenue-neutrality of tax cuts that economists rely upon to ease the path to higher public-sector spending. We deem this a ‘macro’ approach that involves a top-down perspective in that it places government at the heart of the issue. An alternative approach to public finance is derived from seminal contributions by Knut Wicksell. We deem this a ‘micro’ approach to tax policy that shifts the perspective of tax policy to individual taxpayers. Applying the insights of Wicksell to public finance inquiries can contribute to halting and perhaps reversing the growth trends of governments under democracy.
{"title":"‘Just’ Tax Policies for Market-Based Democracies – An Introduction to a Wicksell Constitutional Approach","authors":"K. Wickman, C. Lingle","doi":"10.51952/vhap7207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51952/vhap7207","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional approach to public finance contributes to the growth in the scope of governments under liberal democracy. Orthodox analysis of tax policy utilizes a framework that aims to satisfy government revenue objectives while doing the least additional harm to the economy. An unintended consequence arises from the search for ‘optimal’ tax rates or revenue-neutrality of tax cuts that economists rely upon to ease the path to higher public-sector spending. We deem this a ‘macro’ approach that involves a top-down perspective in that it places government at the heart of the issue. An alternative approach to public finance is derived from seminal contributions by Knut Wicksell. We deem this a ‘micro’ approach to tax policy that shifts the perspective of tax policy to individual taxpayers. Applying the insights of Wicksell to public finance inquiries can contribute to halting and perhaps reversing the growth trends of governments under democracy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":53126,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70624148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Layard, R. Happiness: Lessons from a New Science","authors":"E. Galli","doi":"10.51952/vygl1975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51952/vygl1975","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53126,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70624190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We attempt to present a classical liberal perspective on the subject of taxation and justice. We Start by reviewing the development of the notion of justice over time and across various schools of thought. We then proceed to examine John Rawls’ theory of justice and its policy implications and economic theory of optimal taxation. After finding both approaches unsatisfactory, we defend a libertarian stand on the issue of justice. The main result of our reflections are three criteria which we afterwards use to examine normatively different ways of taxation. We conclude by saying that current tax Systems satisfy neither of these criteria and deserve being changed.
{"title":"Taxation and Justice: A Classical Liberal Perspective","authors":"Petra Orogványiová","doi":"10.51952/przx4958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51952/przx4958","url":null,"abstract":"We attempt to present a classical liberal perspective on the subject of taxation and justice. We Start by reviewing the development of the notion of justice over time and across various schools of thought. We then proceed to examine John Rawls’ theory of justice and its policy implications and economic theory of optimal taxation. After finding both approaches unsatisfactory, we defend a libertarian stand on the issue of justice. The main result of our reflections are three criteria which we afterwards use to examine normatively different ways of taxation. We conclude by saying that current tax Systems satisfy neither of these criteria and deserve being changed.","PeriodicalId":53126,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70624084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gigliobianco A., Via Nazionak – Banca d’Italia e classe dirigente, cento anni di storia","authors":"Domenico da Empoli","doi":"10.51952/hlol2070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51952/hlol2070","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53126,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
«In this world», Benjamin Franklin pronounced in a letter, «nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes». This essay takes as its premise the need to accept the inevitable and proceeds to discuss the principles that should govern an equitable System of income taxation, focusing especially on proportionality and reciprocity. After examining a number of attractive schemes (that might include a moderate element of effective gradation, as even most ‘degressive’ variants of the flat-tax do), the essay shows why ambitious designs for redistributive taxation are not likely to produce the intended results and how they threaten to impede economic, technological, and even cultural progress.
{"title":"Taxation and Justice","authors":"D. Pellerin","doi":"10.51952/rieu3778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51952/rieu3778","url":null,"abstract":"«In this world», Benjamin Franklin pronounced in a letter, «nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes». This essay takes as its premise the need to accept the inevitable and proceeds to discuss the principles that should govern an equitable System of income taxation, focusing especially on proportionality and reciprocity. After examining a number of attractive schemes (that might include a moderate element of effective gradation, as even most ‘degressive’ variants of the flat-tax do), the essay shows why ambitious designs for redistributive taxation are not likely to produce the intended results and how they threaten to impede economic, technological, and even cultural progress.","PeriodicalId":53126,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70624136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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