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Corrigendum to "Long-term feeding of sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum seed) can improve the antioxidant capacity of mice" [Res. Cold Arid Regions 15 (2023) 105–112] 对 "长期喂食沙稻(Agriophyllum squarrosum seed)可提高小鼠的抗氧化能力 "的更正 [Res. Cold Arid Regions 15 (2023) 105-112]
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.03.004
PengShu Zhao , Liang Shi , Xia Yan , ChaoJu Qian , WeiJia Zhao , Yan Chang , XiaoYue Yin , XingKe Fan , TingZhou Fang , YuQiu Liao , ShanShan Zhou , XiaoFei Ma
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引用次数: 0
The changes in the annual distribution of mountain runoff during the period of 1965–2018 in Hexi Corridor, Northwest China 1965-2018年中国西北河西走廊山地径流年分布的变化
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.04.001
Yan Luo , ZhiXiang Lu , Qi Feng , Meng Zhu , JinBo Zhang

The annual distribution characteristics of river runoff in arid regions have significant implications for water resource stability and management. Based on the mountain runoff data from 1965 to 2018, this study examines the annual change characteristics of monthly runoff of the Shiyang River Basin, Heihe River Basin, and Shule River Basin in the Hexi Corridor, Northwest China. Many indexes are used and analyzed, including the coefficient of variance, the complete regulation coefficient, the concentration degree and concentration period, the magnitude of change, the skewness coefficient, and the kurtosis coefficient of the annual distribution curves. The results reveal the following: (1) The inhomogeneity of annual runoff distribution in the Taolai River and the rivers to the west of it, except the Shiyou River, show an increasing trend. Conversely, the inhomogeneity of the rivers to the east of the Taolai River generally show a downward trend, but the coefficient of variance value is still very high. (2) In the Shiyang River Basin, the annual distribution of the concentration period is characterized by a relatively discrete pattern. Conversely, the Heihe River Basin exhibits a relatively concentrated pattern, and the distribution pattern of the Shule River Basin is quite different. Notably, all concentration periods in the three basins have shifted backward after the 2000s. (3) The Shiyang River Basin exhibits disordered annual distribution curves of runoff in different years. In contrast, the Heihe River Basin presents a typical ‘single-peak’ pattern with a prominent right-skewed. The Shule River Basin has regular distribution curves, with a gradually significant ‘double-peak’ pattern from east to west. Overall, there has been a slight change in runoff in the Shiyang River Basin, while the Heihe River Basin and Shule River Basin have experienced significant increases in runoff. The annual distribution curves of runoff in the Liyuan River and the rivers to the east of it exhibit a gentle peak pattern, and the appearance probability of extreme runoff during the year is low. Conversely, the rivers to the west of the Liyuan River, excluding the Danghe River, display a sharp peak and thick tail pattern, indicating that the appearance probability of extreme runoff during the year is high. These findings have practical implications for the planning and management of water resources in the Hexi Corridor. Moreover, they provide a solid foundation for predicting future changes in regional water resources.

干旱地区河流径流的年分布特征对水资源稳定与管理具有重要影响。本研究基于1965-2018年山区径流资料,研究了西北河西走廊石羊河流域、黑河流域、疏勒河流域月径流年变化特征。采用方差系数、完全调节系数、集中度和集中期、变化幅度、年分布曲线的偏度系数和峰度系数等多个指标进行分析。结果表明(1)桃来河及其以西河流(石友河除外)年径流分布的不均匀性呈上升趋势。相反,桃来河以东河流的不均匀性总体呈下降趋势,但方差系数值仍然很高。(2) 在石羊河流域,浓缩期的年分布具有相对离散的特点。相反,黑河流域则表现出相对集中的格局,疏勒河流域的分布格局则大相径庭。值得注意的是,2000 年代以后,三大流域的集中期均出现后移。(3) 石羊河流域不同年份的径流年分布曲线较为紊乱。相比之下,黑河流域呈现典型的 "单峰 "模式,右倾性突出。疏勒河流域的径流分布曲线比较规则,自东向西逐渐出现明显的 "双峰 "模式。总体而言,石羊河流域的径流量变化不大,而黑河流域和疏勒河流域的径流量则显著增加。梨园河及其以东河流的径流年分布曲线呈现平缓的峰值模式,年内出现极端径流的概率较低。相反,梨园河以西的河流(不包括党河)则呈现出尖峰厚尾的形态,表明年内出现极端径流的概率较高。这些研究结果对河西走廊水资源的规划和管理具有实际意义。此外,它们还为预测区域水资源的未来变化提供了坚实的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Bibliometric analysis of the status and trend of biological soil crusts research from 1912 to 2023 1912 至 2023 年生物土壤结壳研究现状和趋势的文献计量分析
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.05.001
XiaoJu Yang , FaSi Wu , Long Li , QingLin Guo , ZongRen Yu , SongCong Chen , XueYong Zhao

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) play an important role in soil development and ecological function, and it is more important for quantitatively analyzing the processes and trends of BSCs to identify the advantages and disadvantages of BSCs research for the development and application of BSCs theory. Bibliometric analysis of 2,186 BSCs literatures from Web of Science showed an exponential growth trend, as China and the United States as the top 2 in terms of publication volume. High quality publications are mainly from European and American countries, such as the United States, Germany and Spain. The top 3 publishers are Journal of Arid Environments, Soil Biology & Biochemistry and Plant and Soil, and disciplines include ecology, environmental science, and soil science, etc.. Research institutions mainly affiliate to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, United States Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, and Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Authors mainly come from United States, Israel, Spain and China. Funds are mainly from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Spanish Government, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Science Foundation of the United States. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts, cyanobacteria, lichens, moss crusts, bryophytes), drylands, climate change, photosynthesis and desert are high-frequency keywords. Future research will focus on the driving mechanisms of BSCs on global biogeochemical cycles, maintaining global biodiversity on important ecological processes, global C, N, and P cycles. The impact on biological invasion, sandstorms, and water balance, multifunctional and reciprocal mechanisms for maintaining the stability of desert and sandy ecosystems, and impact on the formulation of management policies for arid ecosystems, corresponding to global climate change, and the estimation of regional, local, and microscale distribution of BSCs based on machine deep learning modeling gradually focus on. The ecosystem service functions of BSCs, the soil and water conservation and soil stability mediated by BSCs in arid and semi-arid regions, and the excavation of stress resistant genes for BSCs will be emphasized.

土壤生物结壳(BSCs)在土壤发育和生态功能中发挥着重要作用,定量分析土壤生物结壳的变化过程和趋势,明确土壤生物结壳研究的优势和劣势,对于土壤生物结壳理论的发展和应用具有重要意义。通过对 Web of Science 中的 2 186 篇 BSCs 文献进行文献计量学分析,发现 BSCs 文献呈指数级增长趋势,其中中国和美国的文献数量位居前两位。高质量出版物主要来自欧美国家,如美国、德国和西班牙。排名前三的出版社分别是《干旱环境学报》(Journal of Arid Environments)、《土壤生物学与amp; 生物化学》(Soil Biology & Biochemistry)和《植物与土壤》(Plant and Soil),学科包括生态学、环境科学和土壤科学等。研究机构主要隶属于中国科学院、美国内政部、美国地质调查局、耶路撒冷希伯来大学、Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas 和 Rey Juan Carlos 大学。作者主要来自美国、以色列、西班牙和中国。经费主要来自中国国家自然科学基金、西班牙政府、中国科学院和美国国家科学基金会。生物土壤结壳(生物结壳、蓝藻、地衣、苔藓结壳、红叶植物)、旱地、气候变化、光合作用和沙漠是高频关键词。未来的研究将侧重于生物物种多样性对全球生物地球化学循环的驱动机制、维持全球生物多样性对重要生态过程、全球碳、氮和磷循环的影响。对生物入侵、沙尘暴和水平衡的影响,维持荒漠和沙地生态系统稳定的多功能互惠机制,对制定干旱生态系统的管理政策的影响,对应全球气候变化,基于机器深度学习建模的 BSCs 区域、局域和微尺度分布估算逐渐成为研究重点。重点研究BSCs的生态系统服务功能、BSCs在干旱半干旱地区介导的水土保持和土壤稳定性,以及BSCs抗逆基因的挖掘。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of strength characteristics of loess before and after freezing using a hollow cylinder torsional shear apparatus 利用空心圆筒扭剪仪分析冻结前后黄土的强度特性
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.04.003
Peng Shen , QingZhi Wang , JianHong Fang , ChenWei Wang , Kui Zhang

This paper aims to comprehensively analyze the influence of the principal stress angle rotation and intermediate principal stress on loess's strength and deformation characteristics. A hollow cylinder torsional shear apparatus was utilized to conduct tests on remolded samples under both normal and frozen conditions to investigate the mechanical properties and deformation behavior of loess under complex stress conditions. The results indicate significant differences in the internal changes of soil particles, unfrozen water, and relative positions in soil samples under normal and frozen conditions, leading to noticeable variations in strength and strain development. In frozen state, loess experiences primarily compressive failure with a slow growth of cracks, while at normal temperature, it predominantly exhibits shear failure. With the increase in the principal stress angle, the deformation patterns of the soil samples under different conditions become essentially consistent, gradually transitioning from compression to extension, accompanied by a reduction in axial strength. The gradual increase in the principal stress axis angle (α) reduces the strength of the generalized shear stress and shear strain curves. Under an increasing α, frozen soil exhibits strain-hardening characteristics, with the maximum shear strength occurring at α = 45°. The intermediate principal stress coefficient (b) also significantly impacts the strength of frozen soil, with an increasing b resulting in a gradual decrease in generalized shear stress strength. This study provides a reference for comprehensively exploring the mechanical properties of soil under traffic load and a reliable theoretical basis for the design and maintenance of roadbeds.

本文旨在全面分析主应力角旋转和中间主应力对黄土强度和变形特性的影响。利用空心圆柱体扭剪仪对正常和冻结条件下的重塑样品进行试验,研究复杂应力条件下黄土的力学性质和变形行为。结果表明,在正常和冻结条件下,土样中土壤颗粒、解冻水和相对位置的内部变化存在显著差异,导致强度和应变发展出现明显变化。在冻结状态下,黄土主要经历压缩破坏,裂缝增长缓慢,而在常温下,黄土主要表现为剪切破坏。随着主应力角的增大,土样在不同条件下的变形模式基本一致,从压缩逐渐过渡到扩展,同时轴向强度降低。主应力轴角(α)的逐渐增大降低了广义剪应力和剪应变曲线的强度。在 α 不断增大的情况下,冻土表现出应变硬化特征,最大剪切强度出现在 α = 45° 时。中间主应力系数(b)对冻土的强度也有显著影响,随着 b 的增大,广义剪应力强度逐渐减小。这项研究为全面探讨交通荷载下土壤的力学性能提供了参考,也为路基的设计和维护提供了可靠的理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis on characteristics of extreme precipitation indices and atmospheric circulation in Northern Shanxi 山西北部极端降水指数和大气环流特征分析
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.03.007
Xia Cai , Yan Song , Lin Cai , Xin Su , GuiHua Liang , YanMing Xu

This article utilizes daily precipitation data from 28 national meteorological stations in northern Shanxi Province spanning from 1972 to 2020, and the US NCEP/NCAR monthly average reanalysis and ERA5 monthly average reanalysis data. The study employs techniques such as empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition, Mann-Kendall mutation and other methods to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of extreme precipitation index in northern Shanxi and their correlation with atmospheric circulation. The research results show that: the absolute index, relative index, intensity index and sustained dry period index (CDD) in the continuous index appear from southwest to northeast. The spatial distribution characteristics of the central region decrease, while the continuous wet period (CWD) decreases from the central to the east and west. The three indices Rx1day, Rx5day, and CWD mutated in 1978, 1975, and 1983 respectively, and other extreme precipitation indices all appeared in a sudden change from a low-value period to a high-value period occurred around 2010. In the high-value years of the summer extreme precipitation index, there is a significant negative anomaly in the height field in the mid-high latitude regions of Eurasia. Northern Shanxi is controlled by a broad low-pressure trough in the Lake Baikal area. Water vapor transported via the east, west, and south routes converges in the northern Shanxi region and encounters cold air from the north. There is a strong upward motion anomaly at 500 hPa in the troposphere, and the dynamic conditions of upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence lead to more summer extreme precipitation in the northern Shanxi region. Conversely, in the low-value years of the summer extreme precipitation index, northern Shanxi is affected by a strong high-pressure ridge north of Lake Baikal. There is a downward motion anomaly at 500 hPa, and the northern Shanxi region lacks water vapor. The cold and warm air cannot converge, and both the water vapor conditions and dynamic conditions are poor, which is not conducive to the production of extreme precipitation in northern Shanxi.

本文利用山西省北部28个国家级气象站1972-2020年的日降水量资料,以及美国NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料和ERA5月平均再分析资料。研究采用经验正交函数(EOF)分解、Mann-Kendall突变等技术,探讨了山西北部极端降水指数的时空分布及其与大气环流的相关性。研究结果表明:连续指数中的绝对指数、相对指数、强度指数和持续干旱期指数(CDD)从西南向东北依次出现。中部地区空间分布特征减弱,持续湿润期(CWD)由中部向东、西部减弱。Rx1日、Rx5日和CWD三个指数分别在1978年、1975年和1983年出现突变,其他极端降水指数均在2010年前后出现由低值期向高值期的突变。在夏季极端降水指数的高值年,欧亚大陆中高纬度地区的高度场出现了明显的负异常。山西北部受贝加尔湖地区宽阔的低压槽控制。经东、西、南三路输送的水汽在山西北部地区汇聚,并与北方冷空气相遇。对流层 500 hPa 存在强烈的上升运动异常,高层发散和低层辐合的动态条件导致山西北部地区夏季极端降水增多。相反,在夏季极端降水指数的低值年份,山西北部受贝加尔湖以北强高压脊的影响。500 hPa 存在向下运动异常,山西北部地区缺乏水汽。冷暖空气不能交汇,水汽条件和动力条件都较差,不利于山西北部极端降水的产生。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of soil archaea on N2O emission in alpine permafrost 土壤中的古细菌对高寒冻土层中 N2O 排放的影响
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.04.002
YuZheng Gu , ChenJie Dong , ShengYun Chen , JingWei Jin , PeiZhi Yang , JianWei Chen , PeiJie Wei , Ali Bahadur

Soil microbial communities are pivotal in permafrost biogeochemical cycles, yet the variations of abundant and rare microbial taxa and their impacts on greenhouse gas emissions in different seasons, remain elusive, especially in the case of soil archaea. Here, we conducted a study on soil abundant and rare archaeal taxa during the growing and non-growing seasons in the active layer of alpine permafrost in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The results suggested that, for the archaeal communities in the sub-layer, abundant taxa exhibited higher diversity, while rare taxa maintained a more stable composition from the growing to non-growing season. Water soluble organic carbon and soil porosity were the most significant environmental variables affecting the compositions of abundant and rare taxa, respectively. Stochastic and deterministic processes dominated the assemblies of rare and abundant taxa, respectively. The archaeal ecological network influenced N2O flux through different modules. Rare taxa performed an essential role in stabilizing the network and exerting important effects on N2O flux. Our study provides a pioneering and comprehensive investigation aimed at unravelling the mechanisms by which archaea or other microorganisms influence greenhouse gas emissions in the alpine permafrost.

土壤微生物群落在冻土生物地球化学循环中起着举足轻重的作用,然而,不同季节丰富和稀有微生物类群的变化及其对温室气体排放的影响仍然难以捉摸,尤其是土壤古细菌。在此,我们对青藏高原高寒冻土活动层在生长和非生长季节的土壤丰富和稀有古细菌类群进行了研究。结果表明,在亚层的古菌群落中,丰富类群表现出更高的多样性,而稀有类群从生长季到非生长季保持着更稳定的组成。水溶性有机碳和土壤孔隙度分别是对丰富类群和稀有类群组成影响最大的环境变量。随机过程和确定过程分别主导了稀有和丰富类群的组合。古生态网络通过不同的模块影响 N2O 通量。稀有类群在稳定网络方面发挥了重要作用,并对N2O通量产生了重要影响。我们的研究提供了一个开创性的全面调查,旨在揭示古细菌或其他微生物影响高寒永久冻土温室气体排放的机制。
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引用次数: 0
A novel diurnal and seasonal variation analysis of BTEX in Bengaluru urban area 班加罗尔城区 BTEX 的新昼夜和季节变化分析
4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.03.005
H.N. Sowmya , M. Dinamani , G.P. Shivashankara , H.K. Ramaraju , B.S. Surendra , Vijaya V. Shanbhag , R. Prajwal

In the urban atmosphere of Bengaluru, various volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particularly Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene (BTEX), have shown an increasing trend in concentration. The present research was conducted during summer and monsoon seasons, focusing on Kadubeesanahalli, a high-traffic area within the Bengaluru Metropolitan City. Hourly sample data was collected using a BTEX analyzer (Model GC955-600) and subsequently transformed into daily, monthly, and seasonal values. The study revealed distinct patterns in benzene concentrations. Benzene levels were lowest during the early morning hours, specifically from 1:00 a.m. to 7:00 a.m.. Concentrations then increased from 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. and again from 4:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m., corresponding to the morning and evening peak traffic hours. However, between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., the concentration decreased due to reduced traffic levels. These diurnal variations in benzene concentration are influenced by meteorological parameters. Comparing the two seasons, higher concentrations of Benzene, Ethyl-Benzene, and MP-xylene were observed during the summer season. This increase is attributed to the elevated temperatures during summer, which promote the vaporization of BTEX compounds. Conversely, lower BTEX concentrations were recorded during the monsoon season due to the wet deposition process. The observed positive correlation (r > 0.5) among BTEX parameters strongly suggests a common source, most likely originating from vehicular emissions.

在班加罗尔的城市大气中,各种挥发性有机化合物(VOC),尤其是苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(BTEX)的浓度呈上升趋势。本研究是在夏季和季风季节进行的,主要针对班加罗尔大都会区内的一个交通繁忙地区--卡杜贝萨纳阿利(Kadubeesanahalli)。使用 BTEX 分析仪(GC955-600 型)收集了每小时的样本数据,随后将其转换为日、月和季节值。这项研究揭示了苯浓度的明显变化规律。清晨时段,特别是凌晨 1:00 至上午 7:00 的苯含量最低。然后,从上午 7:00 到上午 9:00,以及从下午 4:00 到晚上 11:00,与早晚交通高峰时段相对应,苯浓度有所上升。不过,在上午 10:00 至下午 4:00 期间,由于交通流量减少,浓度有所下降。苯浓度的这些昼夜变化受到气象参数的影响。比较两个季节,发现夏季苯、乙基苯和间二甲苯的浓度较高。这种增加是由于夏季温度升高,促进了 BTEX 化合物的汽化。相反,在季风季节,由于湿沉积过程,BTEX 浓度较低。观察到的 BTEX 参数之间的正相关性(r > 0.5)有力地表明了一个共同的来源,很可能来自车辆排放。
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of multi-scenario land use change on ecosystem services and ecological security pattern: A case study of the Yellow River Delta 多情景土地利用变化对生态系统服务和生态安全格局的影响:黄河三角洲案例研究
4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.03.003
XueHua Cen, Hua Zhang

The Yellow River Delta (YRD), a critical economic zone along China's eastern coast, also functions as a vital ecological reserve in the lower Yellow River. Amidst rapid industrialization and urbanization, the region has witnessed significant land use/cover changes (LUCC), impacting ecosystem services (ES) and ecological security patterns (ESP). Investigating LUCC's effects on ES and ESP in the YRD is crucial for ecological security and sustainable development. This study utilized the PLUS model to simulate 2030 land use scenarios, including natural development (NDS), economic development (EDS), and ecological protection scenarios (EPS). Subsequently, the InVEST model and circuit theory were applied to assess ES and ESP under varying LUCC scenarios from 2010 to 2030. Findings indicate: (1) Notable LUCC from 2010 to 2030, marked by decreasing cropland and increasing construction land and water bodies. (2) From 2010 to 2020, improvements were observed in carbon storage, water yield, soil retention, and habitat quality, whereas 2020–2030 saw increases in water yield and soil retention but declines in habitat quality and carbon storage. Among the scenarios, EPS showed superior performance in all four ES. (3) Between 2010 and 2030, ecological sources, corridors, and pinchpoints expanded, displaying significant spatial heterogeneity. The EPS scenario yielded the most substantial increases in ecological sources, corridors, and pinchpoints, totaling 582.89 km2, 645.03 km2, and 64.43 km2, respectively. This study highlights the importance of EPS, offering insightful scientific guidance for the YRD's sustainable development.

黄河三角洲(YRD)是中国东部沿海的重要经济区,也是黄河下游重要的生态保护区。在快速的工业化和城市化进程中,该地区的土地利用/覆盖发生了显著变化(LUCC),对生态系统服务(ES)和生态安全模式(ESP)产生了影响。研究 LUCC 对长三角地区生态系统服务和生态安全模式的影响对生态安全和可持续发展至关重要。本研究利用 PLUS 模型模拟了 2030 年的土地利用情景,包括自然发展情景(NDS)、经济发展情景(EDS)和生态保护情景(ESP)。随后,应用 InVEST 模型和电路理论评估了 2010 年至 2030 年不同 LUCC 情景下的 ES 和 ESP。研究结果表明:(1)2010 年至 2030 年的土地利用变化趋势明显,耕地减少,建设用地和水体增加。(2)从 2010 年到 2020 年,碳储存、产水量、土壤保持力和生境质量均有所改善,而 2020-2030 年,产水量和土壤保持力有所提高,但生境质量和碳储存有所下降。在所有方案中,EPS 在所有四个 ES 中均表现优异。(3) 2010-2030 年间,生态源、走廊和夹点扩大,显示出显著的空间异质性。EPS 情景下,生态源、走廊和夹点的增加幅度最大,分别达到 582.89 平方公里、645.03 平方公里和 64.43 平方公里。这项研究强调了 EPS 的重要性,为长三角的可持续发展提供了有见地的科学指导。
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引用次数: 0
Short communication: Extreme glacier mass loss triggered by high temperature and drought during hydrological year 2022 / 2023 in Qilian Mountains 短讯:祁连山2022/2023水文年高温干旱引发的极端冰川质量损失
4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.01.002
JiZu Chen , XingYu Xue , WenTao Du

In the hydrological year 2022/2023, the glaciers in the Qilian Mountains experienced unprecedented mass loss. The glacier-wide mass balance was −1,188 mm w.e., in contrast to −350 mm of average mass balance since 1990 over the Bailanghe Glacier No. 12 in the middle of Qilian Mountains. The temperature during 2022–2023 reached the highest value ever recorded, second only to 2022, while at the same time the precipitation amount was less compared to other year since 2000, which together led to the strongest glacier mass loss during 2022–2023. The atmospheric circulation analysis shows that the high temperature in the Qilian Mountains in 2023 was jointly caused by the Arctic air mass and East Asian monsoon.

在 2022/2023 水文年,祁连山冰川经历了前所未有的质量损失。整个冰川的质量平衡为-1,188 毫米(湿重),而祁连山中段的白浪河 12 号冰川自 1990 年以来的平均质量平衡为-350 毫米。2022-2023 年期间气温达到历史最高值,仅次于 2022 年,同时降水量较 2000 年以来的其他年份偏少,共同导致 2022-2023 年期间冰川质量损失最为严重。大气环流分析表明,2023 年祁连山的高温是由北极气团和东亚季风共同造成的。
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引用次数: 0
Himalayas as a global hot spot of springtime stratospheric intrusions: Insight from isotopic signatures in sulfate aerosols 喜马拉雅山作为春季平流层侵入的全球热点:从硫酸盐气溶胶中的同位素特征看问题
4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.03.002
Kun Wang , ShiChang Kang , Mang Lin , PengFei Chen , ChaoLiu Li , XiuFeng Yin , Shohei Hattori , Teresa L. Jackson , JunHua Yang , YiXi Liu , Naohiro Yoshida , Mark H. Thiemens

Downward transport of stratospheric air into the troposphere (identified as stratospheric intrusions) could potentially modify the radiation budget and chemical of the Earth's surface atmosphere. As the highest and largest plateau on earth, the Tibetan Plateau including the Himalayas couples to global climate, and has attracted widespread attention due to rapid warming and cryospheric shrinking. Previous studies recognized strong stratospheric intrusions in the Himalayas but are poorly understood due to limited direct evidences and the complexity of the meteorological dynamics of the third pole. Cosmogenic 35S is a radioactive isotope predominately produced in the lower stratosphere and has been demonstrated as a sensitive chemical tracer to detect stratospherically sourced air mass in the planetary boundary layer. Here, we report 6-month (April–September 2018) observation of 35S in atmospheric sulfate aerosols (35SO42−) collected from a remote site in the Himalayas to reveal the stratospheric intrusion phenomenon as well as its potential impacts in this region. Throughout the sampling campaign, the 35SO42− concentrations show an average of 1,070 ± 980 atoms/m3. In springtime, the average is 1,620 ± 730 atoms/m3, significantly higher than the global existing data measured so far. The significant enrichments of 35SO42− measured in this study verified the hypothesis that the Himalayas is a global hot spot of stratospheric intrusions, especially during the springtime as a consequence of its unique geology and atmospheric couplings. In combined with the ancillary evidences, e.g., oxygen-17 anomaly in sulfate and modeling results, we found that the stratospheric intrusions have a profound impact on the surface ozone concentrations over the study region, and potentially have the ability to constrain how the mechanisms of sulfate oxidation are affected by a change in plateau atmospheric properties and conditions. This study provides new observational constraints on stratospheric intrusions in the Himalayas, which would further provide additional information for a deeper understanding on the environment and climatic changes over the Tibetan Plateau.

平流层空气向下输送到对流层(即平流层侵入)可能会改变地球表面大气的辐射预算和化学性质。作为地球上海拔最高、面积最大的高原,包括喜马拉雅山脉在内的青藏高原与全球气候息息相关,并因气候迅速变暖和冰冻层萎缩而受到广泛关注。以往的研究认识到喜马拉雅山有强烈的平流层侵入,但由于直接证据有限以及第三极气象动态的复杂性,对其了解甚少。宇宙源 35S 是一种主要产生于低平流层的放射性同位素,已被证明是一种灵敏的化学示踪剂,可用于探测行星边界层中来源于平流层的气团。在此,我们报告了对喜马拉雅山偏远地区采集的大气硫酸盐气溶胶(35SO42-)中的35S进行的为期6个月(2018年4月至9月)的观测,以揭示平流层侵入现象及其对该地区的潜在影响。在整个采样过程中,35SO42- 的平均浓度为 1,070 ± 980 个原子/立方米。在春季,平均值为 1,620 ± 730 个原子/立方米,明显高于迄今测量到的全球现有数据。本研究测量到的 35SO42- 的显著富集验证了喜马拉雅山是全球平流层侵入热点的假设,尤其是在春季,这是其独特的地质和大气耦合作用的结果。结合硫酸盐中氧-17异常等辅助证据和建模结果,我们发现平流层侵入对研究区域的地表臭氧浓度有深远影响,并有可能制约硫酸盐氧化机制如何受到高原大气特性和条件变化的影响。这项研究为喜马拉雅山平流层侵入提供了新的观测约束,这将为深入了解青藏高原的环境和气候变化提供更多信息。
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Research in Cold and Arid Regions
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