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Inequality of rural residents’ income in China since the targeted poverty alleviation strategy: New trends, causes, and policy implications 定点扶贫战略以来中国农村居民收入的不平等:新趋势、原因及政策影响
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.09.002
Qin Ji , JianPing Yang , YuNan Chu , HongJu Chen , XinYu Guo
Poverty and income inequality are problems faced by many countries including China. Since the implementation of Targeted Poverty Alleviation (TPA), absolute poverty has been eradicated, meanwhile, Chinese rural residents' income and inequality have experienced unprecedented new dynamics, but still, very few studies have focused on them. Hence, we attempt to examine the new trends in Chinese farmers' income inequality and to understand its causes during this period. We observe that China's urban-rural income ratio has been shrinking and the urban-rural inequality has been decreasing from 2014 to 2021. The reduction in the Theil index indicates a decrease in the regional inequality of farmers' income as well, and the decline in inter-regional inequality among eight economic zones contributes about 80% to increased equality. These new trends are caused by the fact that, with the TPA, the incomes of rural residents especially that in destitute areas, grew faster than that of urban residents and farmers in prosperous areas. The higher share of non-agricultural industry and agricultural mechanization level have significant positive impact on regional equality of farmers' income, while urban-rural dual structure has significant negative inhibitory effects. The lowest farmers' income and the highest inequality in the Northwest, and the slowest growth in the Northeast deserve more attention in rural Revitalization. From these findings, we propose four policy implications that would be applied to improve Chinese farmers' income equality, govern relative poverty, and achieve common prosperity in the post-poverty era.
贫困和收入不平等是包括中国在内的许多国家都面临的问题。自中国实施定点扶贫以来,绝对贫困已经消除,与此同时,中国农村居民收入和收入不平等也出现了前所未有的新态势。因此,我们试图研究这一时期中国农民收入不平等的新趋势,并了解其成因。我们发现,从 2014 年到 2021 年,中国城乡收入比不断缩小,城乡不平等程度不断降低。泰尔指数的下降表明农民收入的地区不平等也在缩小,八大经济区之间地区间不平等的下降对平等程度的提高贡献了约 80%。出现这些新趋势的原因是,随着《技术援助协定》的实施,农村居民尤其是贫困地区农村居民的收入增长快于城市居民和富裕地区农民的收入增长。较高的非农产业比重和农业机械化水平对农民收入的地区平等具有显著的正向影响,而城乡二元结构则具有显著的负向抑制作用。西北地区农民收入最低、不平等程度最高,东北地区增长最慢,值得在乡村振兴中给予更多关注。根据上述结论,我们提出了四点政策启示,以期在后贫困时代改善中国农民收入平等、治理相对贫困、实现共同富裕。
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引用次数: 0
Vegetation characteristics and soil properties of artificially remediated grasslands: The case study of the Shimenhe mining area in Qilian Mountains, northwest China 人工修复草地的植被特征和土壤特性:中国西北部祁连山石门河矿区案例研究
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.09.001
XiaoMei Yang, Qi Feng, Meng Zhu
The mining of limestone mines plays a crucial role in societal and economic advancement. However, mining activities have led to destructive variations in grassland ecology and soil, causing numerous environmental problems, and effective artificial restoration measures have been used to restore grasslands in the Shimenhe mining areas to different degrees. In this study, we investigated, examined and analyzed plant community structure and its correlation with soil properties across varying degrees of alpine grassland restoration in Qilian Mountains Shimenhe restoration mines using the sample method, and studied the changes in species diversity using five diversity indexes (Simpson index, Shannon index, Margalef index, Dominance index and Evenness index). This study showed that the plant community characteristics with high recovered degree (HRD)> middle recovered degree (MRD)> low recovered degree (LRD)> very low recovered degree (VLRD), 11 plant genera comprising 11 species across 10 families were identified. Dominant families with robust ecological adaptability included Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Gramineae, Asteraceae, and Salicaceae. The highest Simpson, Shannon, Margalef and Evenness index of HRD grassland community species were 0.82, 1.96, 1.66 and 0.89, respectively. The highest Dominance index of VLRD grassland community species was 0.34, which required several restoration methods such as spraying and mulching. Soil pH and EC tended to decrease with increasing restoration, SOC, SMC, TP, AP, NH4-N, TN, AN and NO3-N tended to increase and the content of soil environmental factors contributed to vegetation growth across various restoration levels the mine grassland. In conclusion, our study indicated that the community structure gradually diversified and soil properties changed positively with the increase of restoration degrees in the Qilian Mountains Shimenhe mine, and the best results of HRD restoration were obtained. This study provides the theoretical basis for the restoration and conservation of grasslands in mining areas by demonstrating examined the correlation between plant characteristics and soil properties in restored grasslands in alpine mining areas.
石灰石矿的开采对社会和经济的发展起着至关重要的作用。然而,采矿活动导致了草原生态和土壤的破坏性变异,引发了诸多环境问题,石门河矿区采用有效的人工恢复措施对草原进行了不同程度的恢复。本研究采用样方法对祁连山石门河恢复矿区不同程度高寒草地恢复过程中的植物群落结构及其与土壤性质的相关性进行了调查、研究和分析,并利用五种多样性指数(辛普森指数、香农指数、马加爵指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数)对物种多样性的变化进行了研究。研究结果表明,植物群落具有高恢复度(HRD)、中恢复度(MRD)、低恢复度(LRD)和极低恢复度(VLRD)的特征,共发现 10 个科 11 个属 11 个种。生态适应性强的优势科包括豆科、蔷薇科、禾本科、菊科和莎草科。HRD 草原群落物种的辛普森指数(Simpson)、香农指数(Shannon)、马加爵指数(Margalef)和均匀度指数(Evenness)分别为 0.82、1.96、1.66 和 0.89。VLRD 草原群落物种的优势指数最高,为 0.34,需要采用喷洒和覆盖等多种恢复方法。土壤 pH 和 EC 随恢复程度的增加而降低,SOC、SMC、TP、AP、NH4-N、TN、AN 和 NO3-N 随恢复程度的增加而增加,土壤环境因子的含量对不同恢复程度矿区草地植被的生长均有促进作用。总之,我们的研究表明,随着祁连山石门河矿区恢复程度的增加,群落结构逐渐多样化,土壤性质也发生了积极变化,获得了最佳的HRD恢复效果。本研究通过考察高寒矿区草地恢复后植物特征与土壤性质的相关性,为矿区草地恢复与保护提供了理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Cross-calibration between MWRI and AMSR2 to improve consistency of snow depth products 在 MWRI 和 AMSR2 之间进行交叉校准,以提高雪深产品的一致性
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.08.002
SiYu Wei , LiYun Dai , LiJuan Ma , Tao Che
The Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI), boarded on the FY-3 series satellites: FY-3B, FY-3C, and FY-3D, is the first satellite-based microwave radiometer in China, commencing passive microwave brightness temperature data acquisition since 2010. The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) boarded on the Global Change Observation Mission 1st-Water (GCOM-W1), has been operational since 2012. Despite the FY-3 series satellites are equipped with the same MWRI and all MWRIs sharing comparable parameters and configurations as AMSR2, disparities in observation times and satellite platforms result in inconsistencies in the data obtained by different satellites, which further impacting the consistency of retrieved geophysical parameters. To improve the consistency of brightness temperatures from FY-3B, FY-3C, FY-3D/MWRI, and GCOM-W1/AMSR2, cross-calibrations were conducted among brightness temperatures at ten-channel from above four platforms. The consistency of derived snow depth from MWRIs and AMSR2 in China before and after the calibration were also analyzed. The results show that the correlation coefficients of brightness temperatures at all channels between sensors exceed 0.98. After cross-calibration, the RMSEs and biases of brightness temperatures at all frequencies and snow depth in China derived from them reduce to varying degrees. The consistencies in both brightness temperatures and snow depth of FY-3B/MWRI, FY-3D/MWRI, and AMSR2 are higher than those of FY-3C and others. These findings advocate for the utilization of cross-calibrated brightness temperatures from FY-3B/MWRI, FY-3D/MWRI, and AMSR2, which share similar satellite overpass time, to derived a long-term snow depth dataset.
微波辐射成像仪(MWRI)搭载于 FY-3 系列卫星:微波辐射成像仪搭载于 FY-3B、FY-3C 和 FY-3D 系列卫星,是中国首个星载微波辐射计,自 2010 年起开始无源微波亮度温度数据采集。先进微波扫描辐射计 2 号(AMSR2)搭载于全球变化观测任务 1 号-水卫星(GCOM-W1),自 2012 年起开始运行。尽管 FY-3 系列卫星配备了与 AMSR2 相同的微波扫描辐射仪,且所有微波扫描辐射仪的参数和配置与 AMSR2 相当,但由于观测时间和卫星平台的差异,不同卫星获得的数据并不一致,这进一步影响了地球物理参数检索的一致性。为了提高来自 FY-3B、FY-3C、FY-3D/MWRI 和 GCOM-W1/AMSR2 的亮度温度的一致性,对上述四个平台的十信道亮度温度进行了交叉校准。同时还分析了校准前后中国 MWRI 和 AMSR2 推算雪深的一致性。结果表明,传感器之间所有通道亮度温度的相关系数均超过 0.98。交叉校准后,各频率亮度温度的均方根误差和偏差以及由此得出的中国雪深的均方根误差和偏差均有不同程度的减小。FY-3B/MWRI、FY-3D/MWRI 和 AMSR2 的亮度温度和积雪深度的一致性均高于 FY-3C 等。这些发现主张利用卫星过站时间相近的 FY-3B/MWRI、FY-3D/MWRI 和 AMSR2 的交叉校准亮度温度来推导长期雪深数据集。
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引用次数: 0
Recent advances in hydrology studies under changing permafrost on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau 青藏高原冻土变化条件下水文研究的最新进展
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.07.004
Lu Zhou , YuZhong Yang , DanDan Zhang , HeLin Yao
Due to the great influences of both climate warming and human activities, permafrost on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) has been undergoing considerable degradation. Continuous degradation of plateau permafrost dramatically modifies the regional water cycle and hydrological processes, affecting the hydrogeological conditions, and ground hydrothermal status in cold regions. Permafrost thawing impacts the ecological environment, engineering facilities, and carbon storage functions, releasing some major greenhouse gases and exacerbating climate change. Despite the utilization of advanced research methodologies to investigate the changing hydrological processes and the corresponding influencing factors in permafrost regions, there still exist knowledge gaps in multivariate data, quantitative analysis of permafrost degradation's impact on various water bodies, and systematic hydrological modeling on the QXP. This review summarizes the main research methods in permafrost hydrology and elaborates on the impacts of permafrost degradation on regional precipitation distribution patterns, changes in surface runoff, expansion of thermokarst lakes/ponds, and groundwater dynamics on the QXP. Then, we discuss the current inadequacies and future research priorities, including multiple methods, observation data, and spatial and temporal scales, to provide a reference for a comprehensive analysis of the hydrological and environmental effects of permafrost degradation on the QXP under a warming climate.
由于气候变暖和人类活动的巨大影响,青藏高原的冻土正在发生严重退化。高原冻土的持续退化极大地改变了区域水循环和水文过程,影响了寒冷地区的水文地质条件和地下水热状况。冻土融化影响生态环境、工程设施和碳储存功能,释放一些主要温室气体,加剧气候变化。尽管采用了先进的研究方法来研究冻土地区不断变化的水文过程和相应的影响因素,但在多元数据、冻土退化对各种水体影响的定量分析以及 QXP 系统水文模型等方面仍存在知识空白。本综述总结了永久冻土水文学的主要研究方法,并详细阐述了永久冻土退化对 QXP 地区降水分布模式、地表径流变化、温带湖泊/池塘扩大以及地下水动态的影响。然后,从多种方法、观测数据、时空尺度等方面讨论了目前的不足和未来的研究重点,为全面分析气候变暖条件下永久冻土退化对青藏高原的水文和环境影响提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Regularity analysis of resilient modulus for hot-mix asphalt with large temperature fluctuations 温度波动较大的热拌沥青弹性模量规律性分析
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.08.001
TengJiang Yu , Zhen Jiao , ShuBin Teng , HaiTao Zhang , JianFeng Jiang , ZhenGuo Zhao
To evaluate the regularity of resilient modulus for hot-mix asphalt (HMA) under large temperature fluctuations, back propagation (BP) neural network technology was used to analyze the continuous change of HMA resilient modulus. Firstly, based on the abundant data, the training model of HMA resilient modulus was established by using BP neural network technology. Subsequently, BP neural network prediction and regression analysis were performed, and the prediction model of HMA resilient modulus at different temperatures (−50 °C to 60 °C) was obtained, which fully considered multi-factor and nonlinearity. Finally, the fitted theoretical model can be used to evaluate the HMA performance under the condition of large temperature fluctuations, and the rationality of theoretical model was verified by taking Harbin region as an example. It was found that the relationship between HMA resilient modulus and temperatures can be described by inverse tangent function. And the key parameters of theoretical model can be used to evaluate the continuous change characteristics of HMA resilient modulus with large temperature fluctuations. The results can further improve the HMA performance evaluation system and have certain theoretical value.
为了评估热拌沥青(HMA)在较大温度波动下弹性模量的规律性,采用反向传播(BP)神经网络技术分析了 HMA 弹性模量的连续变化。首先,基于丰富的数据,利用 BP 神经网络技术建立了 HMA 回弹模量的训练模型。随后,进行 BP 神经网络预测和回归分析,得到了不同温度(-50 ℃ 至 60 ℃)下 HMA 回弹模量的预测模型,该模型充分考虑了多因素和非线性因素。最后,拟合的理论模型可用于评价温度波动较大条件下的 HMA 性能,并以哈尔滨地区为例验证了理论模型的合理性。研究发现,HMA 回弹模量与温度之间的关系可以用反正切函数来描述。理论模型的关键参数可用于评估 HMA 回弹模量在较大温度波动下的连续变化特征。该结果可进一步完善 HMA 性能评价体系,具有一定的理论价值。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of desertification sensitivity using an improved MEDALUS model in Northern China 利用改进的 MEDALUS 模型评估华北地区的荒漠化敏感性
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.07.003
NingJing Tan , CaiXia Zhang , YingYing Wu , ZhenTing Wang

Assessment of land sensitivity to desertification is an important step to support desertification monitoring and control. Based on the Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use (MEDALUS) model, we defined four quality indicators (soil, climate, vegetation and management) to evaluate the sensitivity of land in northern China to desertification. We improved MEDALUS via excluding cities from the areas at risk of desertification by means of defining a threshold value for population density. The framework, validated in northern China, further optimizes the model to link priority areas and land restoration programmed to support desertification control. We found that the four indicators influenced and restricted each other, which jointly affected the distribution of desertification sensitivity in northern China. The spatial distribution of sensitivity in northern China showed large regional differences, with clear boundaries and concentrated distributions of regions with high and low sensitivity; the overall sensitivity decreased, with some areas rated as having moderate, severe, and extremely severe sensitivity changing to slight sensitivity; and the influence weight was much higher for the management quality index than for the climate, vegetation, and soil indexes. This suggests that management was the main factor that affected desertification sensitivity in northern China, and that climate factors exacerbated sensitivity, but the factors that are driving the spatial heterogeneity of the influencing factors need further study.

评估土地对荒漠化的敏感性是支持荒漠化监测和控制的重要一步。基于地中海荒漠化与土地利用(MEDALUS)模型,我们定义了四项质量指标(土壤、气候、植被和管理)来评估中国北方土地对荒漠化的敏感性。我们通过定义人口密度阈值,将城市排除在荒漠化风险区域之外,从而改进了 MEDALUS。该框架在中国北方得到了验证,进一步优化了模型,将重点区域和土地恢复计划联系起来,以支持荒漠化防治。我们发现,四项指标相互影响、相互制约,共同影响着中国北方荒漠化敏感性的分布。中国北方荒漠化敏感性的空间分布呈现出较大的区域差异,高敏感性和低敏感性区域边界清晰,分布集中;总体敏感性下降,部分地区由中度、重度和极重度敏感性变为轻度敏感性;管理质量指标的影响权重远高于气候、植被和土壤指标。这表明管理是影响华北地区荒漠化敏感性的主要因素,气候因素加剧了敏感性,但影响因素的空间异质性还需要进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial-temporal heterogeneity of ecological quality changes across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under the influence of climate factors and human activities 气候因素和人类活动影响下青藏高原生态质量变化的时空异质性
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.05.002
ZiPing Zhang , YuWei Cui , WenJia Tang , Sen Li

Over the last few decades, the ecological quality of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) has significantly changed due to climate warming, humidification, and increasing human activities. Thus, evaluating this region's ecological quality and dominant factors is crucial for sustainable development. In this study, the changes in the ecological quality on the QTP from 2000 to 2020 were evaluated based on aggregated indices and Sen–MK trend analyses, and the dominant factors affecting the ecological quality of the QTP were quantitatively analyzed using decision tree classification. The results revealed that (1) the ecological quality of the QTP exhibited an overall high trend in the east and a low pattern in the west; (2) the ecological quality of the QTP significantly increased from 2000 to 2020, and human activities were the dominant factors causing this change; and (3) the changes in the ecological quality and dominant factors exhibited obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The area with an improved ecological quality occurred mainly in the northern QTP region. It was governed by human activities and precipitation. In contrast, the area with a deteriorated ecological quality occurred largely in the southern QTP region and was dominated by human activities and temperature. The 2000–2010 period was the most significant period of heterogeneity regarding of ecological quality and its driving factors. (4) The change in the ecological quality was mainly affected by the synergistic relationship between human activities and climate change in this region, which encompassed multiple dominant factors. This study provides important information on the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of ecological quality change and its dominant factors on the QTP and offers systematic guidance for the planning and implementation of ecological protection projects.

过去几十年来,由于气候变暖、湿度增加以及人类活动的增加,青藏高原的生态质量发生了显著变化。因此,评估该地区的生态质量和主导因素对于可持续发展至关重要。本研究基于综合指数和 Sen-MK 趋势分析,评估了 2000 年至 2020 年青藏高原生态质量的变化,并利用决策树分类法对影响青藏高原生态质量的主导因素进行了定量分析。结果表明:(1) QTP 生态质量总体呈现东部高、西部低的格局;(2) 2000-2020 年 QTP 生态质量显著提高,人类活动是导致生态质量变化的主导因素;(3) 生态质量和主导因素的变化呈现明显的时空异质性。生态质量改善的区域主要出现在北部 QTP 地区。这主要受人类活动和降水的影响。相比之下,生态质量下降的区域主要分布在南部 QTP 区域,主要受人类活动和温度的影响。2000-2010 年是生态质量及其驱动因素异质性最显著的时期。(4)该区域生态质量的变化主要受人类活动和气候变化的协同影响,其中包含多种主导因素。本研究为瞿塘峡保护区生态质量变化的时空异质性及其主导因素提供了重要信息,为生态保护工程的规划和实施提供了系统指导。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of salinization on soil properties and mechanisms beneficial to microorganisms in salinized soil remediation–a review 盐碱化对土壤性质的影响以及盐碱化土壤修复中有益微生物的机制--综述
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.07.001
Jing Pan , Xian Xue , CuiHua Huang , QuanGang You , PingLin Guo , RuiQi Yang , FuWen Da , ZhenWei Duan , Fei Peng

Salinized soil is an important reserved arable land resource in China. The management and utilization of salinized soil can safeguard the current size of arable land and a stable grain yield. Salt accumulation will lead to the deterioration of soil properties, destroy soil production potential and damage soil ecological functions, which in turn will threaten global water and soil resources and food security, and affect sustainable socio-economic development. Microorganisms are important components of salinized soil. Microbial remediation is an important research tool in improving salinized soil and is key to realizing sustainable development of agriculture and the ecosystem. Knowledge about the impact of salinization on soil properties and measures using microorganisms in remediation of salinized soil has grown over time. However, the mechanisms governing these impacts and the ecological principles for microbial remediation are scarce. Thus, it is imperative to summarize the effects of salinization on soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties, and then review the related mechanisms of halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms in salinized soil remediation via direct and indirect pathways. The stability, persistence, and safety of the microbial remediation effect is also highlighted in this review to further promote the application of microbial remediation in salinized soil. The objective of this review is to provide reference and theoretical support for the improvement and utilization of salinized soil.

盐渍化土壤是我国重要的耕地后备资源。盐渍化土壤的治理和利用可以保障现有耕地面积和粮食稳产。盐分积累会导致土壤性质恶化,破坏土壤生产潜力,破坏土壤生态功能,进而威胁全球水土资源和粮食安全,影响社会经济的可持续发展。微生物是盐碱化土壤的重要组成部分。微生物修复是改良盐渍化土壤的重要研究手段,也是实现农业和生态系统可持续发展的关键。随着时间的推移,人们对盐碱化对土壤性质的影响以及利用微生物修复盐碱化土壤的措施的认识不断加深。然而,有关这些影响的机理和微生物修复的生态学原理的知识却很少。因此,当务之急是总结盐碱化对土壤物理、化学和微生物特性的影响,然后回顾嗜卤和耐卤微生物通过直接和间接途径修复盐碱化土壤的相关机制。本综述还强调了微生物修复效果的稳定性、持久性和安全性,以进一步促进微生物修复在盐渍化土壤中的应用。本综述旨在为盐渍化土壤的改良和利用提供参考和理论支持。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental study on the movement of oil spill under freeze-thaw action 冻融作用下溢油运动的实验研究
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.07.002
ZeLiang Ye , JianGuo Lu , MingYi Zhang , WanSheng Pei , ShuTong Li

Oil leakages cause environmental pollution, economic losses, and even engineering safety accidents. In cold regions, researchers urgently investigate the movement of oil spill in soils exposed to freeze-thaw cycles. In this study, a series of laboratory model experiments were carried out on the migration of oil leakage under freeze-thaw action, and the distributions of the soil temperature, unfrozen water content, and displacement were analyzed. The results showed that under freeze-thaw action, liquid water in soils migrated to the freezing front and accumulated. After the pipe cracked, oil pollutants first gathered at one side of the leak hole, and then moved around. The pipe wall temperature affected the soil temperature field, and the thermal influence range below and transverse the pipe wall (35–40 cm) was larger than that above the pipe wall (8 cm) owing to the soil surface temperature. The leaked oil's temperature would make the temperature of the surrounding soil rise. Oil would inhibit the cooling of the soils. Besides, oil migration was significantly affected by the gravity and water flow patterns. The freeze-thaw action would affect the migration of the oil, which was mainly manifested as inhibiting the diffusion and movement of oil when soils were frozen. Unfrozen water transport caused by freeze-thaw cycles would also inhibit oil migration. The research results would provide a scientific reference for understanding the relationship between the movement of oil pollutants, water, and soil temperature, and for establishing a water-heat-mass transport model in frozen soils.

石油泄漏会造成环境污染、经济损失甚至工程安全事故。在寒冷地区,研究人员急需研究在冻融循环作用下,溢油在土壤中的移动情况。本研究对冻融作用下的漏油迁移进行了一系列实验室模型实验,分析了土壤温度、解冻含水量和位移的分布。结果表明,在冻融作用下,土壤中的液态水向冻结前沿迁移并积累。管道开裂后,油类污染物首先聚集在泄漏孔的一侧,然后向四周移动。管壁温度影响土壤温度场,由于土壤表面温度的影响,管壁下方和横向(35-40 厘米)的热影响范围大于管壁上方(8 厘米)。泄漏的油温会使周围土壤温度升高。石油会抑制土壤的冷却。此外,重力和水流模式也会严重影响石油的迁移。冻融作用会影响油类的迁移,主要表现为土壤冻结时抑制油类的扩散和移动。冻融循环引起的未冻结水流也会抑制石油的迁移。研究结果将为了解油类污染物、水和土壤温度之间的迁移关系,以及建立冻土中水-热-质迁移模型提供科学参考。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in human settlement environments and their drivers in valley cities located in arid and semi-arid regions: A case study of Lanzhou in Western China 干旱和半干旱地区河谷城市人类居住环境的变化及其驱动因素:中国西部兰州案例研究
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.06.001

Development of urban human settlement environments (HSEs) is an integral part of promoting high-quality and sustainable regional development and constructing a beautiful China. The city of Lanzhou, located at the geometric center of China, is the only provincial capital traversed by the Yellow River. Given the constraints posed by the valley topography and the need for economic development, the development of this HSE, which is located within an arid region, poses considerable challenges. Evidently, an understanding of the evolution of HSEs and drivers of changes in them contributes to high-quality, sustainable urban development in arid and semi-arid regions. An analytical model was developed using the parameters of relief degree of land surface, human comfort days, the land cover index, nighttime light index, and precipitation. This model was used in combination with population density and the gross domestic product to analyze the spatial distribution of Lanzhou's HSE and its drivers. The results showed that landscapes in Lanzhou underwent significant changes between 2000 and 2022, with an increase in building-up land (+0.946%), cultivated land (+0.134%), and forest land (+0.018%) and a decrease in grassland (−1.10%). There was significant outward expansion of the main urban zone of Lanzhou and of various county towns, with the increase in building-up land being most prominent. During this period, there were significant changes in the periphery of the core urban area and county towns in Lanzhou, with decreases moving from the urban center (the highest value) to the surrounding areas (Yongdeng County had the lowest value). The correlation between the HSE and population density grew stronger in Anning and Chengguan Districts but became weaker in Xigu and Qilihe Districts. Spatiotemporal variations in the HSE were primarily caused by climate change, followed by human activities, and were also influenced by the valley topography. Overall, the spatial distribution of population density and the HSE in Lanzhou demonstrated good consistency under the influence of economic development and urbanization.

发展城市人居环境(HSE)是推动区域高质量可持续发展、建设美丽中国的重要组成部分。兰州市位于中国的几何中心,是黄河唯一穿越的省会城市。鉴于河谷地形的限制和经济发展的需要,这个位于干旱地区的 HSE 的发展面临着相当大的挑战。显而易见,了解 HSE 的演变及其变化的驱动因素有助于干旱和半干旱地区高质量、可持续的城市发展。利用地表松软程度、人类舒适日、土地覆被指数、夜间光照指数和降水量等参数建立了一个分析模型。该模型与人口密度和国内生产总值相结合,分析了兰州 HSE 的空间分布及其驱动因素。结果表明,2000 年至 2022 年期间,兰州的地貌发生了显著变化,建设用地(+0.946%)、耕地(+0.134%)和林地(+0.018%)增加,草地(-1.10%)减少。兰州主城区和各县城的外延扩张明显,建设用地增加最为突出。在此期间,兰州核心城区和县城外围发生了显著变化,从城市中心(数值最高)向周边地区(永登县数值最低)递减。安宁区和城关区的 HSE 与人口密度的相关性越来越强,而西固区和七里河区则越来越弱。HSE 的时空变化主要由气候变化引起,其次是人类活动,同时也受到河谷地形的影响。总体而言,兰州的人口密度和 HSE 空间分布在经济发展和城市化进程的影响下表现出良好的一致性。
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Research in Cold and Arid Regions
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