Research in Cold and Arid Regions最新文献_第6页

Dynamic coupled coordination and spatial correlation between ice-snow tourism network attention and tourism industry development systems: Evidence from 31 provinces of China 冰雪旅游网络关注与旅游产业发展系统的动态耦合协调与空间关联——来自中国31个省份的证据

IF 0.7 4区地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Research in Cold and Arid Regions

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.09.003

QiuLing Ge , JianPing Yang , YiLin Wang

Using the coupled coordination degree model, DEA coupled coordination efficiency model, and spatial autocorrelation model, this study explored the dynamic coupled coordination relationship and spatial correlation between the ice-snow tourism network attention and tourism industry development in 31 Chinese provinces and proposed suggestions pertaining to development. Our findings showed that (1) most provinces have not yet achieved excellent coordinated development between the two systems, and the coupled coordination efficiency is low. Each province's coupled coordination degree and coordination efficiency exhibited a small increase. (2) Spatial differences in the coupled coordination level and coordination efficiency of the two systems in each province were more evident. In seven provinces, including Heilongjiang, tourism industry development demonstrated a relatively high utilization rate and enhanced ice-snow tourism network attention. (3) The rankings of the coupled coordination degree and coordination efficiency of the two systems in each province remained relatively stable at the upper and lower ends, with large changes in the central provinces. The coupled coordination efficiency of Heilongjiang, Beijing, Jilin, and Shanghai remained at the top of the list steadily, whereas Tibet, Anhui, and Qinghai stayed at the bottom. In contrast, the ranking of the coupled coordination efficiency of Inner Mongolia, Henan, and Jiangsu displayed a great change. (4) The spatial correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation that decreased annually. Some provinces exhibited characteristics of spatial aggregation, with a high-high aggregation effect in Liaoning and Jilin, a low-low aggregation effect in Gansu and Qinghai, and no spatial aggregation effect in most other provinces.

运用耦合协调度模型、DEA耦合协调效率模型和空间自相关模型，探讨了中国31个省份冰雪旅游网络关注度与旅游产业发展的动态耦合协调关系和空间相关性，并提出了发展建议。研究结果表明：(1)大部分省份尚未实现两大系统间的良好协调发展，耦合协调效率较低；各省耦合协调度和协调效率均有小幅提升。(2)省际间两系统耦合协调水平和协调效率的空间差异更为明显。黑龙江等7省旅游产业发展呈现出较高的利用率，冰雪旅游网络关注度增强。(3)两种制度耦合协调度和协调效率在各省的排名在上、下端保持相对稳定，中部省份变化较大。黑龙江、北京、吉林、上海的耦合协调效率稳居前列，西藏、安徽、青海的耦合协调效率稳居末位。相比之下，内蒙古、河南、江苏的耦合协调效率排名变化较大。(4)空间相关分析显示，二者呈逐年递减的正相关关系。部分省份呈现空间集聚特征，辽宁、吉林表现为“高-高”集聚效应，甘肃、青海表现为“低-低”集聚效应，其余大部分省份没有空间集聚效应。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Gobi Desert ecosystems, Northwest China 戈壁荒漠生态系统蚂蚁（膜翅目：蚁科）时空分布格局

IF 0.7 4区地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Research in Cold and Arid Regions

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.004

JiaLong Ren , YiLin Feng , YongZhen Wang , WenZhi Zhao , ZhiBin He , Chang Qin , QiHan Yan , WeiDong Xin , ChengChen Pan , JiLiang Liu

Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) represent the most critical arthropod community in desert ecosystems, where interactions among vegetation, soil, and climate dictate ant assemblages. Nonetheless, our understanding of how various factors influence desert ant assemblages across different spatial and temporal scales remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of desert ants and to determine the effects of precipitation and temperature variations on ant assemblages. To achieve this, we continuously monitored the monthly dynamics of ants at 72 uniform 8m×8m grid points in the Gobi Desert ecosystem of Northwest China from 2015 to 2020 using pitfall traps. The results indicated that Messor desertus and Cataglyphis aenescens were the dominant ant species, with significant annual and monthly variations in the number of individuals captured from 2015 to 2020. In 2020, monthly captures of M. desertus exhibited a bimodal pattern, peaking in November, whereas those of C. aenescens exhibited a unimodal pattern, peaking in June. Annual data revealed that population size was significantly positively correlated spatially at a distance of 24 m. Semi-variance analysis and Moran's I indicated that structural factors predominantly controlled the ant assemblages at a small scale from 2015 to 2020. Annual catches of desert ants tended to decrease with increasing annual precipitation, while an opposite trend was rising average annual temperatures. In conclusion, variations in annual and monthly precipitation and temperature influenced the temporal response patterns of desert ants, thereby altering their spatial assemblages.

蚂蚁（膜翅目：蚁科）是荒漠生态系统中最重要的节肢动物群落，在荒漠生态系统中，植被、土壤和气候的相互作用决定了蚂蚁的组合。尽管如此，我们对各种因素如何影响沙漠蚂蚁在不同时空尺度上的组合的理解仍然有限。因此，本研究旨在分析沙漠蚂蚁的时空分布格局，并确定降水和温度变化对蚂蚁组合的影响。为了实现这一目标，我们在2015 - 2020年在中国西北戈壁沙漠生态系统的72个统一的8m×8m网格点连续监测蚂蚁的月度动态。结果表明：2015 - 2020年，荒漠小蚁（Messor desertus）和绿斑大蚁（Cataglyphis aenescens）为优势蚁种，其捕获个体数量呈显著的年、月变化；2020年荒漠田鼠的月捕获呈双峰型，在11月达到峰值，而青松田鼠的月捕获呈单峰型，在6月达到峰值。年数据显示，种群大小在24 m范围内呈显著的空间正相关。半方差分析和Moran’s I分析表明，2015 - 2020年小尺度上，结构因素对蚁群的控制占主导地位。荒漠蚁的年捕获量随年降水量的增加呈下降趋势，而年平均气温的升高呈相反趋势。综上所述，年、月降水和温度的变化影响了沙漠蚂蚁的时间响应模式，从而改变了它们的空间组合。

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引用次数: 0

Spatio-temporal change and driving mechanisms of land use/cover in Qarhan Salt Lake area during from 2000 to 2020, based on machine learning 基于机器学习的2000 - 2020年察尔汗盐湖地区土地利用/覆被时空变化及驱动机制

IF 0.7 4区地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Research in Cold and Arid Regions

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.003

Chao Yue , ZiTao Wang , JianPing Wang

The significance of land use classification has garnered attention due to its implications for climate and ecosystems. This paper establishes a connection by introducing and applying automatic machine learning (Auto ML) techniques to salt lake landscape, with a specific focus on the Qarhan Salt Lake area. Utilizing Landsat-5 Thematic Mappe (TM) and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagery, six machine learning algorithms were employed to classify eight land use types from 2000 to 2020. Results show that XGBLD performed optimally with 77% accuracy. Over two decades, salt fields, construction land, and water areas increased due to transformations in saline land and salt flats. The exposed lakes area exhibited a rise followed by a decline, mainly transforming into salt flats. Agricultural land areas slightly increased, influenced by both human activities and climate. Our analysis reveals a strong correlation between salt fields and precipitation, while exposed lakes demonstrate a significant negative correlation with evaporation and temperature, highlighting their vulnerability to climate change. Additionally, human water usage was identified as a significant factor impacting land use change, emphasizing the dual influence of anthropogenic activities and natural factors. This paper addresses the void in the application of Auto ML in salt lake environments and provides valuable insights into the dynamic evolution of land use types in the Qarhan Salt Lake region.

土地利用分类的重要性因其对气候和生态系统的影响而受到关注。本文将自动机器学习（Auto ML）技术引入并应用于盐湖景观，并以察尔汗盐湖地区为研究对象，建立了两者之间的联系。利用Landsat-5主题地图（TM）和Landsat-8操作土地成像仪（OLI）图像，采用6种机器学习算法对2000 - 2020年的8种土地利用类型进行了分类。结果表明，XGBLD的最佳准确率为77%。20多年来，盐田、建设用地和水域因盐碱地和盐滩的改造而增加。露湖面积呈先上升后下降的趋势，主要转变为盐滩。受人类活动和气候的影响，农业用地面积略有增加。我们的分析表明，盐田与降水之间存在很强的相关性，而暴露的湖泊与蒸发和温度之间存在显著的负相关，突出了它们对气候变化的脆弱性。此外，人类用水是影响土地利用变化的重要因素，强调了人为活动和自然因素的双重影响。本文解决了Auto ML在盐湖环境中应用的空白，为察尔汗盐湖地区土地利用类型的动态演变提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Inequality of rural residents’ income in China since the targeted poverty alleviation strategy: New trends, causes, and policy implications 定点扶贫战略以来中国农村居民收入的不平等：新趋势、原因及政策影响

IF 0.7 4区地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Research in Cold and Arid Regions

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.09.002

Qin Ji , JianPing Yang , YuNan Chu , HongJu Chen , XinYu Guo

Poverty and income inequality are problems faced by many countries including China. Since the implementation of Targeted Poverty Alleviation (TPA), absolute poverty has been eradicated, meanwhile, Chinese rural residents' income and inequality have experienced unprecedented new dynamics, but still, very few studies have focused on them. Hence, we attempt to examine the new trends in Chinese farmers' income inequality and to understand its causes during this period. We observe that China's urban-rural income ratio has been shrinking and the urban-rural inequality has been decreasing from 2014 to 2021. The reduction in the Theil index indicates a decrease in the regional inequality of farmers' income as well, and the decline in inter-regional inequality among eight economic zones contributes about 80% to increased equality. These new trends are caused by the fact that, with the TPA, the incomes of rural residents especially that in destitute areas, grew faster than that of urban residents and farmers in prosperous areas. The higher share of non-agricultural industry and agricultural mechanization level have significant positive impact on regional equality of farmers' income, while urban-rural dual structure has significant negative inhibitory effects. The lowest farmers' income and the highest inequality in the Northwest, and the slowest growth in the Northeast deserve more attention in rural Revitalization. From these findings, we propose four policy implications that would be applied to improve Chinese farmers' income equality, govern relative poverty, and achieve common prosperity in the post-poverty era.

贫困和收入不平等是包括中国在内的许多国家都面临的问题。自中国实施定点扶贫以来，绝对贫困已经消除，与此同时，中国农村居民收入和收入不平等也出现了前所未有的新态势。因此，我们试图研究这一时期中国农民收入不平等的新趋势，并了解其成因。我们发现，从 2014 年到 2021 年，中国城乡收入比不断缩小，城乡不平等程度不断降低。泰尔指数的下降表明农民收入的地区不平等也在缩小，八大经济区之间地区间不平等的下降对平等程度的提高贡献了约 80%。出现这些新趋势的原因是，随着《技术援助协定》的实施，农村居民尤其是贫困地区农村居民的收入增长快于城市居民和富裕地区农民的收入增长。较高的非农产业比重和农业机械化水平对农民收入的地区平等具有显著的正向影响，而城乡二元结构则具有显著的负向抑制作用。西北地区农民收入最低、不平等程度最高，东北地区增长最慢，值得在乡村振兴中给予更多关注。根据上述结论，我们提出了四点政策启示，以期在后贫困时代改善中国农民收入平等、治理相对贫困、实现共同富裕。

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引用次数: 0

Vegetation characteristics and soil properties of artificially remediated grasslands: The case study of the Shimenhe mining area in Qilian Mountains, northwest China 人工修复草地的植被特征和土壤特性：中国西北部祁连山石门河矿区案例研究

IF 0.7 4区地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Research in Cold and Arid Regions

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.09.001

XiaoMei Yang, Qi Feng, Meng Zhu

The mining of limestone mines plays a crucial role in societal and economic advancement. However, mining activities have led to destructive variations in grassland ecology and soil, causing numerous environmental problems, and effective artificial restoration measures have been used to restore grasslands in the Shimenhe mining areas to different degrees. In this study, we investigated, examined and analyzed plant community structure and its correlation with soil properties across varying degrees of alpine grassland restoration in Qilian Mountains Shimenhe restoration mines using the sample method, and studied the changes in species diversity using five diversity indexes (Simpson index, Shannon index, Margalef index, Dominance index and Evenness index). This study showed that the plant community characteristics with high recovered degree (HRD)> middle recovered degree (MRD)> low recovered degree (LRD)> very low recovered degree (VLRD), 11 plant genera comprising 11 species across 10 families were identified. Dominant families with robust ecological adaptability included Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Gramineae, Asteraceae, and Salicaceae. The highest Simpson, Shannon, Margalef and Evenness index of HRD grassland community species were 0.82, 1.96, 1.66 and 0.89, respectively. The highest Dominance index of VLRD grassland community species was 0.34, which required several restoration methods such as spraying and mulching. Soil pH and EC tended to decrease with increasing restoration, SOC, SMC, TP, AP, NH₄-N, TN, AN and NO₃-N tended to increase and the content of soil environmental factors contributed to vegetation growth across various restoration levels the mine grassland. In conclusion, our study indicated that the community structure gradually diversified and soil properties changed positively with the increase of restoration degrees in the Qilian Mountains Shimenhe mine, and the best results of HRD restoration were obtained. This study provides the theoretical basis for the restoration and conservation of grasslands in mining areas by demonstrating examined the correlation between plant characteristics and soil properties in restored grasslands in alpine mining areas.

石灰石矿的开采对社会和经济的发展起着至关重要的作用。然而，采矿活动导致了草原生态和土壤的破坏性变异，引发了诸多环境问题，石门河矿区采用有效的人工恢复措施对草原进行了不同程度的恢复。本研究采用样方法对祁连山石门河恢复矿区不同程度高寒草地恢复过程中的植物群落结构及其与土壤性质的相关性进行了调查、研究和分析，并利用五种多样性指数（辛普森指数、香农指数、马加爵指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数）对物种多样性的变化进行了研究。研究结果表明，植物群落具有高恢复度（HRD）、中恢复度（MRD）、低恢复度（LRD）和极低恢复度（VLRD）的特征，共发现 10 个科 11 个属 11 个种。生态适应性强的优势科包括豆科、蔷薇科、禾本科、菊科和莎草科。HRD 草原群落物种的辛普森指数（Simpson）、香农指数（Shannon）、马加爵指数（Margalef）和均匀度指数（Evenness）分别为 0.82、1.96、1.66 和 0.89。VLRD 草原群落物种的优势指数最高，为 0.34，需要采用喷洒和覆盖等多种恢复方法。土壤 pH 和 EC 随恢复程度的增加而降低，SOC、SMC、TP、AP、NH4-N、TN、AN 和 NO3-N 随恢复程度的增加而增加，土壤环境因子的含量对不同恢复程度矿区草地植被的生长均有促进作用。总之，我们的研究表明，随着祁连山石门河矿区恢复程度的增加，群落结构逐渐多样化，土壤性质也发生了积极变化，获得了最佳的HRD恢复效果。本研究通过考察高寒矿区草地恢复后植物特征与土壤性质的相关性，为矿区草地恢复与保护提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Cross-calibration between MWRI and AMSR2 to improve consistency of snow depth products 在 MWRI 和 AMSR2 之间进行交叉校准，以提高雪深产品的一致性

IF 0.7 4区地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Research in Cold and Arid Regions

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.08.002

SiYu Wei , LiYun Dai , LiJuan Ma , Tao Che

The Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI), boarded on the FY-3 series satellites: FY-3B, FY-3C, and FY-3D, is the first satellite-based microwave radiometer in China, commencing passive microwave brightness temperature data acquisition since 2010. The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) boarded on the Global Change Observation Mission 1st-Water (GCOM-W1), has been operational since 2012. Despite the FY-3 series satellites are equipped with the same MWRI and all MWRIs sharing comparable parameters and configurations as AMSR2, disparities in observation times and satellite platforms result in inconsistencies in the data obtained by different satellites, which further impacting the consistency of retrieved geophysical parameters. To improve the consistency of brightness temperatures from FY-3B, FY-3C, FY-3D/MWRI, and GCOM-W1/AMSR2, cross-calibrations were conducted among brightness temperatures at ten-channel from above four platforms. The consistency of derived snow depth from MWRIs and AMSR2 in China before and after the calibration were also analyzed. The results show that the correlation coefficients of brightness temperatures at all channels between sensors exceed 0.98. After cross-calibration, the RMSEs and biases of brightness temperatures at all frequencies and snow depth in China derived from them reduce to varying degrees. The consistencies in both brightness temperatures and snow depth of FY-3B/MWRI, FY-3D/MWRI, and AMSR2 are higher than those of FY-3C and others. These findings advocate for the utilization of cross-calibrated brightness temperatures from FY-3B/MWRI, FY-3D/MWRI, and AMSR2, which share similar satellite overpass time, to derived a long-term snow depth dataset.

微波辐射成像仪（MWRI）搭载于 FY-3 系列卫星：微波辐射成像仪搭载于 FY-3B、FY-3C 和 FY-3D 系列卫星，是中国首个星载微波辐射计，自 2010 年起开始无源微波亮度温度数据采集。先进微波扫描辐射计 2 号（AMSR2）搭载于全球变化观测任务 1 号-水卫星（GCOM-W1），自 2012 年起开始运行。尽管 FY-3 系列卫星配备了与 AMSR2 相同的微波扫描辐射仪，且所有微波扫描辐射仪的参数和配置与 AMSR2 相当，但由于观测时间和卫星平台的差异，不同卫星获得的数据并不一致，这进一步影响了地球物理参数检索的一致性。为了提高来自 FY-3B、FY-3C、FY-3D/MWRI 和 GCOM-W1/AMSR2 的亮度温度的一致性，对上述四个平台的十信道亮度温度进行了交叉校准。同时还分析了校准前后中国 MWRI 和 AMSR2 推算雪深的一致性。结果表明，传感器之间所有通道亮度温度的相关系数均超过 0.98。交叉校准后，各频率亮度温度的均方根误差和偏差以及由此得出的中国雪深的均方根误差和偏差均有不同程度的减小。FY-3B/MWRI、FY-3D/MWRI 和 AMSR2 的亮度温度和积雪深度的一致性均高于 FY-3C 等。这些发现主张利用卫星过站时间相近的 FY-3B/MWRI、FY-3D/MWRI 和 AMSR2 的交叉校准亮度温度来推导长期雪深数据集。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances in hydrology studies under changing permafrost on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau 青藏高原冻土变化条件下水文研究的最新进展

IF 0.7 4区地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Research in Cold and Arid Regions

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.07.004

Lu Zhou , YuZhong Yang , DanDan Zhang , HeLin Yao

Due to the great influences of both climate warming and human activities, permafrost on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) has been undergoing considerable degradation. Continuous degradation of plateau permafrost dramatically modifies the regional water cycle and hydrological processes, affecting the hydrogeological conditions, and ground hydrothermal status in cold regions. Permafrost thawing impacts the ecological environment, engineering facilities, and carbon storage functions, releasing some major greenhouse gases and exacerbating climate change. Despite the utilization of advanced research methodologies to investigate the changing hydrological processes and the corresponding influencing factors in permafrost regions, there still exist knowledge gaps in multivariate data, quantitative analysis of permafrost degradation's impact on various water bodies, and systematic hydrological modeling on the QXP. This review summarizes the main research methods in permafrost hydrology and elaborates on the impacts of permafrost degradation on regional precipitation distribution patterns, changes in surface runoff, expansion of thermokarst lakes/ponds, and groundwater dynamics on the QXP. Then, we discuss the current inadequacies and future research priorities, including multiple methods, observation data, and spatial and temporal scales, to provide a reference for a comprehensive analysis of the hydrological and environmental effects of permafrost degradation on the QXP under a warming climate.

由于气候变暖和人类活动的巨大影响，青藏高原的冻土正在发生严重退化。高原冻土的持续退化极大地改变了区域水循环和水文过程，影响了寒冷地区的水文地质条件和地下水热状况。冻土融化影响生态环境、工程设施和碳储存功能，释放一些主要温室气体，加剧气候变化。尽管采用了先进的研究方法来研究冻土地区不断变化的水文过程和相应的影响因素，但在多元数据、冻土退化对各种水体影响的定量分析以及 QXP 系统水文模型等方面仍存在知识空白。本综述总结了永久冻土水文学的主要研究方法，并详细阐述了永久冻土退化对 QXP 地区降水分布模式、地表径流变化、温带湖泊/池塘扩大以及地下水动态的影响。然后，从多种方法、观测数据、时空尺度等方面讨论了目前的不足和未来的研究重点，为全面分析气候变暖条件下永久冻土退化对青藏高原的水文和环境影响提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Regularity analysis of resilient modulus for hot-mix asphalt with large temperature fluctuations 温度波动较大的热拌沥青弹性模量规律性分析

IF 0.7 4区地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Research in Cold and Arid Regions

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.08.001

TengJiang Yu , Zhen Jiao , ShuBin Teng , HaiTao Zhang , JianFeng Jiang , ZhenGuo Zhao

To evaluate the regularity of resilient modulus for hot-mix asphalt (HMA) under large temperature fluctuations, back propagation (BP) neural network technology was used to analyze the continuous change of HMA resilient modulus. Firstly, based on the abundant data, the training model of HMA resilient modulus was established by using BP neural network technology. Subsequently, BP neural network prediction and regression analysis were performed, and the prediction model of HMA resilient modulus at different temperatures (−50 °C to 60 °C) was obtained, which fully considered multi-factor and nonlinearity. Finally, the fitted theoretical model can be used to evaluate the HMA performance under the condition of large temperature fluctuations, and the rationality of theoretical model was verified by taking Harbin region as an example. It was found that the relationship between HMA resilient modulus and temperatures can be described by inverse tangent function. And the key parameters of theoretical model can be used to evaluate the continuous change characteristics of HMA resilient modulus with large temperature fluctuations. The results can further improve the HMA performance evaluation system and have certain theoretical value.

为了评估热拌沥青（HMA）在较大温度波动下弹性模量的规律性，采用反向传播（BP）神经网络技术分析了 HMA 弹性模量的连续变化。首先，基于丰富的数据，利用 BP 神经网络技术建立了 HMA 回弹模量的训练模型。随后，进行 BP 神经网络预测和回归分析，得到了不同温度（-50 ℃ 至 60 ℃）下 HMA 回弹模量的预测模型，该模型充分考虑了多因素和非线性因素。最后，拟合的理论模型可用于评价温度波动较大条件下的 HMA 性能，并以哈尔滨地区为例验证了理论模型的合理性。研究发现，HMA 回弹模量与温度之间的关系可以用反正切函数来描述。理论模型的关键参数可用于评估 HMA 回弹模量在较大温度波动下的连续变化特征。该结果可进一步完善 HMA 性能评价体系，具有一定的理论价值。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of desertification sensitivity using an improved MEDALUS model in Northern China 利用改进的 MEDALUS 模型评估华北地区的荒漠化敏感性

IF 0.7 4区地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Research in Cold and Arid Regions

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.07.003

NingJing Tan , CaiXia Zhang , YingYing Wu , ZhenTing Wang

Assessment of land sensitivity to desertification is an important step to support desertification monitoring and control. Based on the Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use (MEDALUS) model, we defined four quality indicators (soil, climate, vegetation and management) to evaluate the sensitivity of land in northern China to desertification. We improved MEDALUS via excluding cities from the areas at risk of desertification by means of defining a threshold value for population density. The framework, validated in northern China, further optimizes the model to link priority areas and land restoration programmed to support desertification control. We found that the four indicators influenced and restricted each other, which jointly affected the distribution of desertification sensitivity in northern China. The spatial distribution of sensitivity in northern China showed large regional differences, with clear boundaries and concentrated distributions of regions with high and low sensitivity; the overall sensitivity decreased, with some areas rated as having moderate, severe, and extremely severe sensitivity changing to slight sensitivity; and the influence weight was much higher for the management quality index than for the climate, vegetation, and soil indexes. This suggests that management was the main factor that affected desertification sensitivity in northern China, and that climate factors exacerbated sensitivity, but the factors that are driving the spatial heterogeneity of the influencing factors need further study.

评估土地对荒漠化的敏感性是支持荒漠化监测和控制的重要一步。基于地中海荒漠化与土地利用（MEDALUS）模型，我们定义了四项质量指标（土壤、气候、植被和管理）来评估中国北方土地对荒漠化的敏感性。我们通过定义人口密度阈值，将城市排除在荒漠化风险区域之外，从而改进了 MEDALUS。该框架在中国北方得到了验证，进一步优化了模型，将重点区域和土地恢复计划联系起来，以支持荒漠化防治。我们发现，四项指标相互影响、相互制约，共同影响着中国北方荒漠化敏感性的分布。中国北方荒漠化敏感性的空间分布呈现出较大的区域差异，高敏感性和低敏感性区域边界清晰，分布集中；总体敏感性下降，部分地区由中度、重度和极重度敏感性变为轻度敏感性；管理质量指标的影响权重远高于气候、植被和土壤指标。这表明管理是影响华北地区荒漠化敏感性的主要因素，气候因素加剧了敏感性，但影响因素的空间异质性还需要进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial-temporal heterogeneity of ecological quality changes across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under the influence of climate factors and human activities 气候因素和人类活动影响下青藏高原生态质量变化的时空异质性

IF 0.7 4区地球科学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Research in Cold and Arid Regions

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.05.002

ZiPing Zhang , YuWei Cui , WenJia Tang , Sen Li

Over the last few decades, the ecological quality of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) has significantly changed due to climate warming, humidification, and increasing human activities. Thus, evaluating this region's ecological quality and dominant factors is crucial for sustainable development. In this study, the changes in the ecological quality on the QTP from 2000 to 2020 were evaluated based on aggregated indices and Sen–MK trend analyses, and the dominant factors affecting the ecological quality of the QTP were quantitatively analyzed using decision tree classification. The results revealed that (1) the ecological quality of the QTP exhibited an overall high trend in the east and a low pattern in the west; (2) the ecological quality of the QTP significantly increased from 2000 to 2020, and human activities were the dominant factors causing this change; and (3) the changes in the ecological quality and dominant factors exhibited obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The area with an improved ecological quality occurred mainly in the northern QTP region. It was governed by human activities and precipitation. In contrast, the area with a deteriorated ecological quality occurred largely in the southern QTP region and was dominated by human activities and temperature. The 2000–2010 period was the most significant period of heterogeneity regarding of ecological quality and its driving factors. (4) The change in the ecological quality was mainly affected by the synergistic relationship between human activities and climate change in this region, which encompassed multiple dominant factors. This study provides important information on the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of ecological quality change and its dominant factors on the QTP and offers systematic guidance for the planning and implementation of ecological protection projects.

过去几十年来，由于气候变暖、湿度增加以及人类活动的增加，青藏高原的生态质量发生了显著变化。因此，评估该地区的生态质量和主导因素对于可持续发展至关重要。本研究基于综合指数和 Sen-MK 趋势分析，评估了 2000 年至 2020 年青藏高原生态质量的变化，并利用决策树分类法对影响青藏高原生态质量的主导因素进行了定量分析。结果表明：(1) QTP 生态质量总体呈现东部高、西部低的格局；(2) 2000-2020 年 QTP 生态质量显著提高，人类活动是导致生态质量变化的主导因素；(3) 生态质量和主导因素的变化呈现明显的时空异质性。生态质量改善的区域主要出现在北部 QTP 地区。这主要受人类活动和降水的影响。相比之下，生态质量下降的区域主要分布在南部 QTP 区域，主要受人类活动和温度的影响。2000-2010 年是生态质量及其驱动因素异质性最显著的时期。(4）该区域生态质量的变化主要受人类活动和气候变化的协同影响，其中包含多种主导因素。本研究为瞿塘峡保护区生态质量变化的时空异质性及其主导因素提供了重要信息，为生态保护工程的规划和实施提供了系统指导。

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引用次数: 0