Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.03.001
Yuan Zhang , BenLi Liu
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is now experiencing ecological degradation risks as a result of climate change and human activities. The alpine grassland ecology in permafrost zones is fragile and susceptible to deterioration due to its high altitude, low temperature, and limited oxygen, which complicates the repair of damaged land. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are crucial for land restoration in plateau regions because they can thrive in harsh conditions and have environmentally beneficial traits. Inoculated biological soil crust (IBSC) has shown success in low-altitude desert regions, but may not be easily duplicated to the plateau environment. Therefore, it is essential to do a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of the basic theoretical comprehension and practical application of BSCs on the Tibetan Plateau. This review article aims to provide a brief summary of the ecological significance and the mechanisms related to the creation, growth, and progression of BSCs. It discusses the techniques used for cultivating BSCs in laboratories and using them in the field, focusing on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau circumstance. We thoroughly discussed the potential and the required paths for further studies. This study may be used as a basis for selecting suitable microbial strains and accompanying supplemental actions for implementing IBSCs in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
{"title":"Biological soil crusts and their potential applications in the sand land over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","authors":"Yuan Zhang , BenLi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is now experiencing ecological degradation risks as a result of climate change and human activities. The alpine grassland ecology in permafrost zones is fragile and susceptible to deterioration due to its high altitude, low temperature, and limited oxygen, which complicates the repair of damaged land. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are crucial for land restoration in plateau regions because they can thrive in harsh conditions and have environmentally beneficial traits. Inoculated biological soil crust (IBSC) has shown success in low-altitude desert regions, but may not be easily duplicated to the plateau environment. Therefore, it is essential to do a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of the basic theoretical comprehension and practical application of BSCs on the Tibetan Plateau. This review article aims to provide a brief summary of the ecological significance and the mechanisms related to the creation, growth, and progression of BSCs. It discusses the techniques used for cultivating BSCs in laboratories and using them in the field, focusing on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau circumstance. We thoroughly discussed the potential and the required paths for further studies. This study may be used as a basis for selecting suitable microbial strains and accompanying supplemental actions for implementing IBSCs in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 20-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2097158324000193/pdfft?md5=64224702f84de7183024c4ed9d107f53&pid=1-s2.0-S2097158324000193-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140275941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2023.11.001
Ke Chen , Lun Ji , ZeYu Xiao , JinQi Wu , LinLin Xu , ZhiCe Cheng
The asphalt pavement longitudinal crack is a common distress in cold regions, resulting from uneven deformation of the subgrade. Analysis of the correlation law between uneven deformation and crack distress is of positive significance for understanding the mechanism of crack initiation, and putting forward treatment measures. In view of the complexity of longitudinal crack inducement and road surface deformation, the grey relational method was used to analyze this relationship. Through long-term monitoring of the vertical deformation data of typical road sections, the vertical deformation law of the pavement surface and its deformation characteristics under the action of temperature field are analyzed. Parameters such as vertical relative deformation, vertical relative deformation rate and vertical differential deformation VDSr were constructed to describe vertical deformation characteristics. Typical distribution characteristics of longitudinal fractures and their length and distribution characteristics are also described. The grey correlation analysis theory was utilized to analyze the relationship between deformation characteristics of sections, cross sections and monitoring points and longitudinal crack characteristics (length and location). The analysis reveals a linear positive correlation or a high correlation between several indicators. This study can provide a deeper understanding of the occurrence and development mechanism of longitudinal cracks in asphalt pavement of cold areas, and give references for the research of road engineering structure, materials and distress prevention.
{"title":"Correlation analysis of longitudinal cracks and vertical deformation within asphalt pavement of cold regions","authors":"Ke Chen , Lun Ji , ZeYu Xiao , JinQi Wu , LinLin Xu , ZhiCe Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The asphalt pavement longitudinal crack is a common distress in cold regions, resulting from uneven deformation of the subgrade. Analysis of the correlation law between uneven deformation and crack distress is of positive significance for understanding the mechanism of crack initiation, and putting forward treatment measures. In view of the complexity of longitudinal crack inducement and road surface deformation, the grey relational method was used to analyze this relationship. Through long-term monitoring of the vertical deformation data of typical road sections, the vertical deformation law of the pavement surface and its deformation characteristics under the action of temperature field are analyzed. Parameters such as vertical relative deformation, vertical relative deformation rate and vertical differential deformation VDSr were constructed to describe vertical deformation characteristics. Typical distribution characteristics of longitudinal fractures and their length and distribution characteristics are also described. The grey correlation analysis theory was utilized to analyze the relationship between deformation characteristics of sections, cross sections and monitoring points and longitudinal crack characteristics (length and location). The analysis reveals a linear positive correlation or a high correlation between several indicators. This study can provide a deeper understanding of the occurrence and development mechanism of longitudinal cracks in asphalt pavement of cold areas, and give references for the research of road engineering structure, materials and distress prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 278-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139297781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2023.12.001
Rudolf V. Zhang, Stanislav I. Zabolotnik, Pavel S. Zabolotnik
The results of monitoring studies of the ground thermal state beneath the Yakutsk Combined Heat and Power Plant buildings are presented in order to determine their structural stability and the possibility of further trouble-free operation of the entire complex of the structures. The main causes for the formation of water-bearing taliks under and adjacent to the buildings are presented, and the factors influencing the existing geocryological situation are discussed. The continuing stable state of the buildings demonstrates the possibility of using two construction principles on permafrost at one site, including preserving permafrost and accommodating permafrost thawing.
{"title":"Assessment of the thermal effect of large industrial buildings on permafrost foundation soils in Yakutsk","authors":"Rudolf V. Zhang, Stanislav I. Zabolotnik, Pavel S. Zabolotnik","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The results of monitoring studies of the ground thermal state beneath the Yakutsk Combined Heat and Power Plant buildings are presented in order to determine their structural stability and the possibility of further trouble-free operation of the entire complex of the structures. The main causes for the formation of water-bearing taliks under and adjacent to the buildings are presented, and the factors influencing the existing geocryological situation are discussed. The continuing stable state of the buildings demonstrates the possibility of using two construction principles on permafrost at one site, including preserving permafrost and accommodating permafrost thawing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 262-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139022262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2023.11.005
HongYan Ma , YuanFang Cui , JianQiao Zhang , Song Li , Song Xu
Frost heave in seasonally frozen regions is a one-dimensional process that could severely damage infrastructure subgrades. Stress state, temperature and water migration are important factors for frost heave. This work investigated the effects of soil temperature and volumetric water content on the transient frost heave ratio during the freezing of saturated silty clay in an open system and analyzed the relationships between the transient frost heave ratio and freezing rate and between temperature gradient and frost heave rate. The results show that the frost heave ratio, frost heave rate, and freezing rate are positively correlated with the temperature gradient since the temperature gradient drives the water migration during freezing, indicating the transient temperature gradient could be used to evaluate the frost heave of saturated silty clay. The transient freezing rate and transient frost heave ratio are logarithmically related to the transient frost heave ratio and transient temperature gradient, respectively. The effects of transient temperature gradient on frost heave are the principal mechanism responsible for different frost heave characteristics and uneven frost heave along a subgrade of the same soil type.
{"title":"Effects of transient temperature gradient on frost heave of saturated silty clay in an open system","authors":"HongYan Ma , YuanFang Cui , JianQiao Zhang , Song Li , Song Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frost heave in seasonally frozen regions is a one-dimensional process that could severely damage infrastructure subgrades. Stress state, temperature and water migration are important factors for frost heave. This work investigated the effects of soil temperature and volumetric water content on the transient frost heave ratio during the freezing of saturated silty clay in an open system and analyzed the relationships between the transient frost heave ratio and freezing rate and between temperature gradient and frost heave rate. The results show that the frost heave ratio, frost heave rate, and freezing rate are positively correlated with the temperature gradient since the temperature gradient drives the water migration during freezing, indicating the transient temperature gradient could be used to evaluate the frost heave of saturated silty clay. The transient freezing rate and transient frost heave ratio are logarithmically related to the transient frost heave ratio and transient temperature gradient, respectively. The effects of transient temperature gradient on frost heave are the principal mechanism responsible for different frost heave characteristics and uneven frost heave along a subgrade of the same soil type.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 268-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139304649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2023.11.006
GuoAn Yin , Jing Luo , FuJun Niu , MingHao Liu , ZeYong Gao , TianChun Dong , WeiHeng Ni
Under the rapidly warming climate in the Arctic and high mountain areas, permafrost is thawing, leading to various hazards at a global scale. One common permafrost hazard termed retrogressive thaw slump (RTS) occurs extensively in ice-rich permafrost areas. Understanding the spatial and temporal distributive features of RTSs in a changing climate is crucial to assessing the damage to infrastructure and decision-making. To this end, we used a machine learning-based model to investigate the environmental factors that could lead to RTS occurrence and create a susceptibility map for RTS along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor (QTEC) at a local scale. The results indicate that extreme summer climate events (e.g., maximum air temperature and rainfall) contributes the most to the RTS occurrence over the flat areas with fine-grained soils. The model predicts that 13% (ca. 22,948 km2) of the QTEC falls into high to very high susceptibility categories under the current climate over the permafrost areas with mean annual ground temperature at 10 m depth ranging from −3 to −1 °C. This study provides insights into the impacts of permafrost thaw on the stability of landscape, carbon stock, and infrastructure, and the results are of value for engineering planning and maintenance.
{"title":"High-resolution assessment of retrogressive thaw slump susceptibility in the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor","authors":"GuoAn Yin , Jing Luo , FuJun Niu , MingHao Liu , ZeYong Gao , TianChun Dong , WeiHeng Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the rapidly warming climate in the Arctic and high mountain areas, permafrost is thawing, leading to various hazards at a global scale. One common permafrost hazard termed retrogressive thaw slump (RTS) occurs extensively in ice-rich permafrost areas. Understanding the spatial and temporal distributive features of RTSs in a changing climate is crucial to assessing the damage to infrastructure and decision-making. To this end, we used a machine learning-based model to investigate the environmental factors that could lead to RTS occurrence and create a susceptibility map for RTS along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor (QTEC) at a local scale. The results indicate that extreme summer climate events (<em>e.g</em>., maximum air temperature and rainfall) contributes the most to the RTS occurrence over the flat areas with fine-grained soils. The model predicts that 13% (ca. 22,948 km<sup>2</sup>) of the QTEC falls into high to very high susceptibility categories under the current climate over the permafrost areas with mean annual ground temperature at 10 m depth ranging from −3 to −1 °C. This study provides insights into the impacts of permafrost thaw on the stability of landscape, carbon stock, and infrastructure, and the results are of value for engineering planning and maintenance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 288-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138613815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2023.11.002
KangWei Tang , Chuang Lin , Hao Wang , WeiJun Qin , DeCheng Feng , Feng Zhang
The moisture content of subgrade soil in seasonally frozen regions is often higher than its optimum value, leading to a decline in mechanical properties and a reduction in subgrade bearing capacity. Electro-osmosis has shown promise as a technology for controlling subgrade moisture, but significant heterogeneity has also been observed in treated soil. This study investigates the impact of electro-osmosis on soil stiffness through a series of bender element tests of compacted clay. The effects of dry density and supply voltage on the performance of electro-osmosis treatment and the layered structure and anisotropy of the soil were analyzed. The results show that electro-osmosis treatment increased the shear wave velocity of the soil by 140% compared to untreated saturated soil and by 70% compared to soil with optimum water content. It has also been found that layered compaction of soil resulted in a layered structure, with electro-osmosis having a more prominent impact on soil near the cathode, resulting in a more pronounced layered structure. Besides, electro-osmosis was found to enhance soil anisotropy, particularly near the anode. Increasing the dry density and voltage levels can help improve soil uniformity. These findings provide insights into the potential use of electro-osmosis in improving soil stiffness, which could benefit various engineering applications.
{"title":"Investigation on the properties of compacted silty clay subjected to electro-osmosis using bender element","authors":"KangWei Tang , Chuang Lin , Hao Wang , WeiJun Qin , DeCheng Feng , Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The moisture content of subgrade soil in seasonally frozen regions is often higher than its optimum value, leading to a decline in mechanical properties and a reduction in subgrade bearing capacity. Electro-osmosis has shown promise as a technology for controlling subgrade moisture, but significant heterogeneity has also been observed in treated soil. This study investigates the impact of electro-osmosis on soil stiffness through a series of bender element tests of compacted clay. The effects of dry density and supply voltage on the performance of electro-osmosis treatment and the layered structure and anisotropy of the soil were analyzed. The results show that electro-osmosis treatment increased the shear wave velocity of the soil by 140% compared to untreated saturated soil and by 70% compared to soil with optimum water content. It has also been found that layered compaction of soil resulted in a layered structure, with electro-osmosis having a more prominent impact on soil near the cathode, resulting in a more pronounced layered structure. Besides, electro-osmosis was found to enhance soil anisotropy, particularly near the anode. Increasing the dry density and voltage levels can help improve soil uniformity. These findings provide insights into the potential use of electro-osmosis in improving soil stiffness, which could benefit various engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 253-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139305068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2023.11.004
MaoShan Li , YuChen Liu , Zhao Lv , YongHao Jiang , Pei Xu , YaoMing Ma , FangLin Sun
The high terrain of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has a very important impact on the weather and climate of China, East Asia, South Asia, and even the Northern Hemisphere. However, in recent years, the reasons for the decrease in precipitation in the southeastern edge of the plateau have resulted in cutting-edge research regarding the impact of the TP and its surrounding areas on downstream weather and climate. In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution of surface heat flux and precipitation were analyzed from 1998 to 2022, and the possible mechanism of the decrease of precipitation in the eastern edge of the plateau is explored. The main conclusions are as follows: The annual average sensible heat flux in the TP and its east side is positive, with an average of 33.73 W/m2. The annual average latent heat flux is positive, with an average of 42.71 W/m2. Precipitation has a similar annual average and seasonal distribution, with modest amounts in the northwest and substantial amounts in the southeast. The average annual accumulated precipitation is 670.69 mm. The first mode of the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) shows that sensible heat flux decreases first, then increases, and then finally decreases during 1998–2022. The modes show the opposite trend in middle part of the plateau. The latent heat flux initially decreases, then increases, and finally decreases in the western plateau and near Sichuan Basin. The mode, however, displays the opposite tendency throughout the rest of the region. The precipitation in the north and south sides of the plateau has decreased since 2013, which is consistent with the changing trend of sensible heat flux. In the rest of the region, the change trend is not obvious. The sensible heat of the main body of the plateau and its east side and Sichuan Basin is negatively correlated with precipitation, that is, when sensible heat flux of the main body of the plateau and its east side and Sichuan Basin is more (less), local precipitation is less (more). The latent heat of the main body of the plateau and its east side, Sichuan Basin is positively correlated with precipitation, indicating that when latent heat flux of the main body of the plateau and its east side, Sichuan Basin is more (less), local precipitation is more (less).
{"title":"Effects of surface heating on precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau and its eastern margin","authors":"MaoShan Li , YuChen Liu , Zhao Lv , YongHao Jiang , Pei Xu , YaoMing Ma , FangLin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high terrain of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has a very important impact on the weather and climate of China, East Asia, South Asia, and even the Northern Hemisphere. However, in recent years, the reasons for the decrease in precipitation in the southeastern edge of the plateau have resulted in cutting-edge research regarding the impact of the TP and its surrounding areas on downstream weather and climate. In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution of surface heat flux and precipitation were analyzed from 1998 to 2022, and the possible mechanism of the decrease of precipitation in the eastern edge of the plateau is explored. The main conclusions are as follows: The annual average sensible heat flux in the TP and its east side is positive, with an average of 33.73 W/m<sup>2</sup>. The annual average latent heat flux is positive, with an average of 42.71 W/m<sup>2</sup>. Precipitation has a similar annual average and seasonal distribution, with modest amounts in the northwest and substantial amounts in the southeast. The average annual accumulated precipitation is 670.69 mm. The first mode of the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) shows that sensible heat flux decreases first, then increases, and then finally decreases during 1998–2022. The modes show the opposite trend in middle part of the plateau. The latent heat flux initially decreases, then increases, and finally decreases in the western plateau and near Sichuan Basin. The mode, however, displays the opposite tendency throughout the rest of the region. The precipitation in the north and south sides of the plateau has decreased since 2013, which is consistent with the changing trend of sensible heat flux. In the rest of the region, the change trend is not obvious. The sensible heat of the main body of the plateau and its east side and Sichuan Basin is negatively correlated with precipitation, that is, when sensible heat flux of the main body of the plateau and its east side and Sichuan Basin is more (less), local precipitation is less (more). The latent heat of the main body of the plateau and its east side, Sichuan Basin is positively correlated with precipitation, indicating that when latent heat flux of the main body of the plateau and its east side, Sichuan Basin is more (less), local precipitation is more (less).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 230-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139291924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2023.12.002
XinWei Yin , Wei Liu , Meng Zhu , JuTao Zhang , Qi Feng , HaiYang Xi , LinShan Yang , Tuo Han , WenJu Cheng , YingQing Su , BaiTing Zhang , YuanYuan Xue , ZeXia Chen , LingGe Wang
Water-salt balance is critical for the stable coexistence of salt-affected and groundwater-fed oasis-desert ecosystems. Yet, a comprehensive investigation of how soil salinization and groundwater degradation threaten the coexistence of oasis-desert ecosystems is still scarce, especially under the compounding effects of human activities and climatic changes. Here, we assessed the impacts of irrigated agriculture on hydrological regimes in oasis-desert systems, investigated the spatio-temporal variations of soil salinization in irrigated cropland, and evaluated the implications of the interplays of soil salinization and groundwater degradation on the coexistence of oasis-desert ecosystems in northwestern China, based on meaningful modelling approaches and comprehensive measurements over 1995–2020. The results showed that the irrigation return flow coefficient decreased sharply from 0.21 ± 0.09 in the traditional irrigation period to 0.09 ± 0.01 in the water-saving irrigation period. The continuous drop in groundwater tables and significant degradation of groundwater quality are occurring throughout this watershed. The eco-environmental flows are reaching to their limit with watershed closures (i.e., the drainage from the oasis region into the desert region is being weakened or even eliminated), although these progressions were largely hidden by regional precipitation and streamflow variability. The process of salt migration and accumulation across different landscapes in oasis-desert system is being reshaped, and soil salinization in water-saving agricultural irrigated lands is accelerating with a regional average annual growth rate of 18%. The vegetation in this watershed is degrading, and anthropogenic disturbance accelerates this trend. Our results highlight that environmental stress adaptation strategies must account for resilience maintenance to avoid accelerating catastrophic transitions in oasis-desert ecosystems. Determining the optimal oasis scales and formulating the best irrigation management plans are effective and resilient decision-making ways to maintain the coexistence relationship of oasis-desert ecosystem in drylands.
{"title":"Compounding effects of human activities and climatic changes on coexistence of oasis-desert ecosystems: Prioritizing resilient decision-making for a riskier world","authors":"XinWei Yin , Wei Liu , Meng Zhu , JuTao Zhang , Qi Feng , HaiYang Xi , LinShan Yang , Tuo Han , WenJu Cheng , YingQing Su , BaiTing Zhang , YuanYuan Xue , ZeXia Chen , LingGe Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water-salt balance is critical for the stable coexistence of salt-affected and groundwater-fed oasis-desert ecosystems. Yet, a comprehensive investigation of how soil salinization and groundwater degradation threaten the coexistence of oasis-desert ecosystems is still scarce, especially under the compounding effects of human activities and climatic changes. Here, we assessed the impacts of irrigated agriculture on hydrological regimes in oasis-desert systems, investigated the spatio-temporal variations of soil salinization in irrigated cropland, and evaluated the implications of the interplays of soil salinization and groundwater degradation on the coexistence of oasis-desert ecosystems in northwestern China, based on meaningful modelling approaches and comprehensive measurements over 1995–2020. The results showed that the irrigation return flow coefficient decreased sharply from 0.21 ± 0.09 in the traditional irrigation period to 0.09 ± 0.01 in the water-saving irrigation period. The continuous drop in groundwater tables and significant degradation of groundwater quality are occurring throughout this watershed. The eco-environmental flows are reaching to their limit with watershed closures (<em>i.e.</em>, the drainage from the oasis region into the desert region is being weakened or even eliminated), although these progressions were largely hidden by regional precipitation and streamflow variability. The process of salt migration and accumulation across different landscapes in oasis-desert system is being reshaped, and soil salinization in water-saving agricultural irrigated lands is accelerating with a regional average annual growth rate of 18%. The vegetation in this watershed is degrading, and anthropogenic disturbance accelerates this trend. Our results highlight that environmental stress adaptation strategies must account for resilience maintenance to avoid accelerating catastrophic transitions in oasis-desert ecosystems. Determining the optimal oasis scales and formulating the best irrigation management plans are effective and resilient decision-making ways to maintain the coexistence relationship of oasis-desert ecosystem in drylands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 219-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143327079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cosmic-ray neutron technology is a novel method for upscaling soil moisture, holding significant importance in drought monitoring, soil water storage estimation, calibration of remote sensing products, and data assimilation of land surface models. However, most studies conducted soil moisture measurement experiments using static Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensors (CRNS) and are often limited to a single landscape, lacking in-situ measurement for the cosmic-ray neutron rover across various landscapes. This study carried out soil moisture observation experiments using a cosmic-ray neutron rover in nine grassland plots, nine farmland plots, and nine desert plots of the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China. The neutron counts displayed clear variations among different plots, and an equation could represent the relationship between neutron intensity and multiple variables near the ground. The parameter was the smallest for grassland and greatest for desert, and there was a significant negative correlation between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and (P <0.05). Furthermore, the performance of CRNS notably improved after considering soil lattice water and soil organic matter. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the measured and oven-dried soil moisture increased with radius. Soil moisture measured by CRNS strongly supported the 100 m diameter footprint assumption (RMSE <0.044 g/g). The study offers valuable insights into the application and promotion of cosmic-ray neutron technology across various landscapes within a basin.
{"title":"Mesoscale soil moisture survey by mobile cosmic-ray neutron sensor across various landscapes in the Heihe River Basin","authors":"ShaoXiong Wu , YongYong Zhang , WenRong Kang , WenZhi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cosmic-ray neutron technology is a novel method for upscaling soil moisture, holding significant importance in drought monitoring, soil water storage estimation, calibration of remote sensing products, and data assimilation of land surface models. However, most studies conducted soil moisture measurement experiments using static Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensors (CRNS) and are often limited to a single landscape, lacking in-situ measurement for the cosmic-ray neutron rover across various landscapes. This study carried out soil moisture observation experiments using a cosmic-ray neutron rover in nine grassland plots, nine farmland plots, and nine desert plots of the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China. The neutron counts displayed clear variations among different plots, and an equation could represent the relationship between neutron intensity and multiple variables near the ground. The parameter <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>N</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> was the smallest for grassland and greatest for desert, and there was a significant negative correlation between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>N</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> (<em>P</em> <0.05). Furthermore, the performance of CRNS notably improved after considering soil lattice water and soil organic matter. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the measured and oven-dried soil moisture increased with radius. Soil moisture measured by CRNS strongly supported the 100 m diameter footprint assumption (RMSE <0.044 g/g). The study offers valuable insights into the application and promotion of cosmic-ray neutron technology across various landscapes within a basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 211-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.01.003
DunZhu JiaoBa , MingZhen Zhang , GuoLong Liu , JianGuo Hui , ShaoHua Lin , AiJing Li , Jing Zhang , Jing Peng , YiQiao Fu
The Qaidam Basin, as the largest inland basin within the Tibetan Plateau, has accumulated more than 10,000 m of Cenozoic continental sediments. It serves as a crucial research area for documenting Cenozoic climate changes and plateau uplift processes in the Asian interior. Additionally, the basin holds vast reserves of oil and gas resources, making high-resolution drilling data invaluable for studying paleoclimate. In this study, the long-sequence lacustrine deposits of JS1 drill core across the Shizigou Formation in the Yiliping Depression at the western center of the basin were studied, aiming to establish an astronomical timescale for the Shizigou Formation and investigate the characteristics of paleoclimatic changes during the late Miocene to the Pliocene for the Asian interior. The analysis was carried out using high-resolution natural gamma ray (GR) data sequences, employing techniques such as spectral analysis, filtering, and wavelet analysis in cyclostratigraphy. The results indicated the presence of a stable Milankovitch orbital signal was perfectly recorded in the Shizigou Formation, primarily influenced by eccentricity cycles, with weaker obliquity and precession cycles. Using the stable and continuous 405 ka eccentricity cycle in astronomical tuning, a "floating" astronomical timescale with a duration of 6.1 Ma for the Yiliping depression's Shizigou Formation has been established. With reference to previously established stratigraphic age anchor points, an absolute astronomical timescale (2.5–8.6 Ma) has been ultimately provided for the Shizigou Formation. Simultaneously, a clear 100 ka short eccentricity cycle record has been identified during the Pliocene (5.3–2.5 Ma), which corresponds in time with the aridification within the basin during this Pliocene period. In addition, a comparison of the Pliocene natural gamma ray curve of the Qaidam Basin with global ice volume variations indicated that the basin's aridification was influenced by global cooling, with eccentricity-modulated precession cycles controlling solar radiation and subsequently affecting the evolution of lakes in the arid region of Inner Asia.
{"title":"Establishment of an astronomical time scale for the Shizigou Formation in the Qaidam Basin, Inner Asia and orbital forced evolution of lakes during The Pliocene","authors":"DunZhu JiaoBa , MingZhen Zhang , GuoLong Liu , JianGuo Hui , ShaoHua Lin , AiJing Li , Jing Zhang , Jing Peng , YiQiao Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Qaidam Basin, as the largest inland basin within the Tibetan Plateau, has accumulated more than 10,000 m of Cenozoic continental sediments. It serves as a crucial research area for documenting Cenozoic climate changes and plateau uplift processes in the Asian interior. Additionally, the basin holds vast reserves of oil and gas resources, making high-resolution drilling data invaluable for studying paleoclimate. In this study, the long-sequence lacustrine deposits of JS1 drill core across the Shizigou Formation in the Yiliping Depression at the western center of the basin were studied, aiming to establish an astronomical timescale for the Shizigou Formation and investigate the characteristics of paleoclimatic changes during the late Miocene to the Pliocene for the Asian interior. The analysis was carried out using high-resolution natural gamma ray (GR) data sequences, employing techniques such as spectral analysis, filtering, and wavelet analysis in cyclostratigraphy. The results indicated the presence of a stable Milankovitch orbital signal was perfectly recorded in the Shizigou Formation, primarily influenced by eccentricity cycles, with weaker obliquity and precession cycles. Using the stable and continuous 405 ka eccentricity cycle in astronomical tuning, a \"floating\" astronomical timescale with a duration of 6.1 Ma for the Yiliping depression's Shizigou Formation has been established. With reference to previously established stratigraphic age anchor points, an absolute astronomical timescale (2.5–8.6 Ma) has been ultimately provided for the Shizigou Formation. Simultaneously, a clear 100 ka short eccentricity cycle record has been identified during the Pliocene (5.3–2.5 Ma), which corresponds in time with the aridification within the basin during this Pliocene period. In addition, a comparison of the Pliocene natural gamma ray curve of the Qaidam Basin with global ice volume variations indicated that the basin's aridification was influenced by global cooling, with eccentricity-modulated precession cycles controlling solar radiation and subsequently affecting the evolution of lakes in the arid region of Inner Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 239-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139817415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号