Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.002
TianFei Hu , Li Wang , TengFei Wang , TieCheng Sun , TianFeng Li
This study introduces a novel artificial heating technique aimed at addressing frost heave issues in embankments on frozen ground, offering a sustainable solution. Initial evaluations assessed various heating systems, including boilers, heat pumps, solar heaters, and electric heaters, focusing on their thermal performance and applicability. The study subsequently designed and implemented a direct-expansion ground source heat pump (DX-GSHP) system as the primary heat source for embankment warming. Rigorous testing confirmed the DX-GSHP system's ability to maintain a heat-supply temperature above 40 °C and a heat-absorption temperature below −3.5 °C, effectively extracting geothermal energy for transfer to the topsoil layers. With a demonstrated coefficient of performance (COP) of 3.49, the DX-GSHP system not only proves its energy efficiency but also suggests a potential role in reducing the strain on electricity supply systems. Installation of DX-GSHPs, with heating capacities ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 kW and spaced at intervals of 2.0–4.0 m, provides a rapid thermal response to frost heave in single-track railway embankments, thereby potentially mitigating frost-induced damage in cold climate regions.
{"title":"Frost-resistant embankments with a novel ground source heat pump system","authors":"TianFei Hu , Li Wang , TengFei Wang , TieCheng Sun , TianFeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel artificial heating technique aimed at addressing frost heave issues in embankments on frozen ground, offering a sustainable solution. Initial evaluations assessed various heating systems, including boilers, heat pumps, solar heaters, and electric heaters, focusing on their thermal performance and applicability. The study subsequently designed and implemented a direct-expansion ground source heat pump (DX-GSHP) system as the primary heat source for embankment warming. Rigorous testing confirmed the DX-GSHP system's ability to maintain a heat-supply temperature above 40 °C and a heat-absorption temperature below −3.5 °C, effectively extracting geothermal energy for transfer to the topsoil layers. With a demonstrated coefficient of performance (COP) of 3.49, the DX-GSHP system not only proves its energy efficiency but also suggests a potential role in reducing the strain on electricity supply systems. Installation of DX-GSHPs, with heating capacities ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 kW and spaced at intervals of 2.0–4.0 m, provides a rapid thermal response to frost heave in single-track railway embankments, thereby potentially mitigating frost-induced damage in cold climate regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"16 6","pages":"Pages 292-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.007
JianJun Kang , Fan Yang , DongMei Zhang , LiWen Zhao
Previous studies have shown that nutrients accumulation played important roles in resisting to stress resistance of plants. Our study examined the ecostoichiometric internal stability (EIS) of nutrients accumulation and, concomitantly identified the main resistant regulating substances and their contributions to stress resistance of reed (Gramineae) in arid desert areas. Plants (digging method) and soil samples (quartering method)) obtained from sand dune (SD), desert steppe (DP), interdune lowland (IL), saline meadow (SM) and wetland (W) habitats were brought back to the lab for nutrients analysis. Results indicated that soil nutrients differed obviously, while reed maintained relatively stable ratios of SiO2:N, N:K, and P:K when the eco-environments changed in different habitats. Furthermore, reed exhibits common adaptive characteristics by mainly accumulating large amounts of SiO2 (122.6–174.0 g/kg) and NO3− (166.1–216.6 g/kg), as well as moderate levels of soluble sugar (SS: 24.0–55.0 g/kg), which are mainly stored in leaves for stress resistance. The contribution of ions to stress resistance was 80.03%–91.15% (with SiO2 and NO3− accounting for 54.91%–63.10%), whereas the contribution of solutes was only 8.85%–19.97% (with SS contributing to 5.14%–10.91%) in different habitats. These findings suggest that maintaining relatively high EIS, while still accumulating SiO2 and NO3− as main physiological regulators might be an effective strategy for reed to positively respond to adverse habitats, which provide a strong theoretical basis and technical reference for searching useful methods for restoration and reconstruction of the degraded ecosystems in desert oasis regions.
{"title":"High ecostoichiometric stability and accumulating SiO2 and NO3− as main physiological adaptive mechanisms for reed to adverse environments","authors":"JianJun Kang , Fan Yang , DongMei Zhang , LiWen Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have shown that nutrients accumulation played important roles in resisting to stress resistance of plants. Our study examined the ecostoichiometric internal stability (EIS) of nutrients accumulation and, concomitantly identified the main resistant regulating substances and their contributions to stress resistance of reed (Gramineae) in arid desert areas. Plants (digging method) and soil samples (quartering method)) obtained from sand dune (SD), desert steppe (DP), interdune lowland (IL), saline meadow (SM) and wetland (W) habitats were brought back to the lab for nutrients analysis. Results indicated that soil nutrients differed obviously, while reed maintained relatively stable ratios of SiO<sub>2</sub>:N, N:K, and P:K when the eco-environments changed in different habitats. Furthermore, reed exhibits common adaptive characteristics by mainly accumulating large amounts of SiO<sub>2</sub> (122.6–174.0 g/kg) and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> (166.1–216.6 g/kg), as well as moderate levels of soluble sugar (SS: 24.0–55.0 g/kg), which are mainly stored in leaves for stress resistance. The contribution of ions to stress resistance was 80.03%–91.15% (with SiO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> accounting for 54.91%–63.10%), whereas the contribution of solutes was only 8.85%–19.97% (with SS contributing to 5.14%–10.91%) in different habitats. These findings suggest that maintaining relatively high EIS, while still accumulating SiO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> as main physiological regulators might be an effective strategy for reed to positively respond to adverse habitats, which provide a strong theoretical basis and technical reference for searching useful methods for restoration and reconstruction of the degraded ecosystems in desert oasis regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"16 5","pages":"Pages 250-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.09.004
XiXi Ma , Jing Pan , Qi Guo , CuiHua Huang , Jun Zhang , Hui Yang , Xian Xue
Enhancing the growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) through inoculation with rhizobacteria represents a sustainable strategy for reclaiming saline soils. However, the lack of suitable strains and practical application guidelines poses significant challenges to the utilization of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in salt-affected soils of Northwest China. In this study, we selected four PGPR strains derived from indigenous halophytes based on their growth-promoting characteristics. These strains underwent further selection via a petri dish assay. Subsequently, the effects of the selected PGPR strains on alfalfa growth and soil fertility were rigorously examined through pot trials. The results demonstrated that Bacillus filamentosus HL3, B. filamentosus HL6, Bacillus subtilis subsp. stercoris HG12, and Paenibacillus peoriae HG24 significantly produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), solubilized phosphorus, and fixed nitrogen (except for B. filamentosus HL6, which did not significantly fix nitrogen). Compared to non-inoculated plants, B. filamentosus HL6 and B. subtilis subsp. stercoris HG12 significantly enhanced seed germination, root elongation, and seedling biomass in a 150 mmol/L NaCl saline solution. In saline-alkaline soils, PGPR inoculation under brackish water irrigation did not restore alfalfa growth to the levels observed under freshwater irrigation. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) condensed ten indicators into two indices, explaining 86.85% of the variance. Using these two indices as weights, an evaluation model for the PGPR-alfalfa symbiosis indicated that B. subtilis subsp. stercoris HG12 had the most substantial effect under freshwater irrigation, while co-inoculation with B. subtilis subsp. stercoris HG12 and B. filamentosus HL6 had the most significant impact on alfalfa growth and soil improvement under brackish water irrigation. Available phosphorus was identified as the primary factor influencing alfalfa growth, contributing 82.3% to the growth variation. These findings provide suitable microbial strains for the utilization of saline-alkali land and underscore the potential of applying indigenous PGPR-alfalfa symbiotic techniques to improve soil fertility and crop yield in the arid regions of Northwest China.
{"title":"Mining rhizobacteria from indigenous halophytes to enhance alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) growth and soil reclamation in saline soils of Northwest China","authors":"XiXi Ma , Jing Pan , Qi Guo , CuiHua Huang , Jun Zhang , Hui Yang , Xian Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the growth of alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em> L.) through inoculation with rhizobacteria represents a sustainable strategy for reclaiming saline soils. However, the lack of suitable strains and practical application guidelines poses significant challenges to the utilization of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in salt-affected soils of Northwest China. In this study, we selected four PGPR strains derived from indigenous halophytes based on their growth-promoting characteristics. These strains underwent further selection via a petri dish assay. Subsequently, the effects of the selected PGPR strains on alfalfa growth and soil fertility were rigorously examined through pot trials. The results demonstrated that <em>Bacillus filamentosus</em> HL3, <em>B. filamentosus</em> HL6, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> subsp. <em>stercoris</em> HG12, and <em>Paenibacillus peoriae</em> HG24 significantly produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), solubilized phosphorus, and fixed nitrogen (except for <em>B. filamentosus</em> HL6, which did not significantly fix nitrogen). Compared to non-inoculated plants, <em>B. filamentosus</em> HL6 and <em>B. subtilis</em> subsp. <em>stercoris</em> HG12 significantly enhanced seed germination, root elongation, and seedling biomass in a 150 mmol/L NaCl saline solution. In saline-alkaline soils, PGPR inoculation under brackish water irrigation did not restore alfalfa growth to the levels observed under freshwater irrigation. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) condensed ten indicators into two indices, explaining 86.85% of the variance. Using these two indices as weights, an evaluation model for the PGPR-alfalfa symbiosis indicated that <em>B. subtilis</em> subsp. <em>stercoris</em> HG12 had the most substantial effect under freshwater irrigation, while co-inoculation with <em>B. subtilis</em> subsp. <em>stercoris</em> HG12 and <em>B. filamentosus</em> HL6 had the most significant impact on alfalfa growth and soil improvement under brackish water irrigation. Available phosphorus was identified as the primary factor influencing alfalfa growth, contributing 82.3% to the growth variation. These findings provide suitable microbial strains for the utilization of saline-alkali land and underscore the potential of applying indigenous PGPR-alfalfa symbiotic techniques to improve soil fertility and crop yield in the arid regions of Northwest China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"16 5","pages":"Pages 215-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.09.003
QiuLing Ge , JianPing Yang , YiLin Wang
Using the coupled coordination degree model, DEA coupled coordination efficiency model, and spatial autocorrelation model, this study explored the dynamic coupled coordination relationship and spatial correlation between the ice-snow tourism network attention and tourism industry development in 31 Chinese provinces and proposed suggestions pertaining to development. Our findings showed that (1) most provinces have not yet achieved excellent coordinated development between the two systems, and the coupled coordination efficiency is low. Each province's coupled coordination degree and coordination efficiency exhibited a small increase. (2) Spatial differences in the coupled coordination level and coordination efficiency of the two systems in each province were more evident. In seven provinces, including Heilongjiang, tourism industry development demonstrated a relatively high utilization rate and enhanced ice-snow tourism network attention. (3) The rankings of the coupled coordination degree and coordination efficiency of the two systems in each province remained relatively stable at the upper and lower ends, with large changes in the central provinces. The coupled coordination efficiency of Heilongjiang, Beijing, Jilin, and Shanghai remained at the top of the list steadily, whereas Tibet, Anhui, and Qinghai stayed at the bottom. In contrast, the ranking of the coupled coordination efficiency of Inner Mongolia, Henan, and Jiangsu displayed a great change. (4) The spatial correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation that decreased annually. Some provinces exhibited characteristics of spatial aggregation, with a high-high aggregation effect in Liaoning and Jilin, a low-low aggregation effect in Gansu and Qinghai, and no spatial aggregation effect in most other provinces.
{"title":"Dynamic coupled coordination and spatial correlation between ice-snow tourism network attention and tourism industry development systems: Evidence from 31 provinces of China","authors":"QiuLing Ge , JianPing Yang , YiLin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using the coupled coordination degree model, DEA coupled coordination efficiency model, and spatial autocorrelation model, this study explored the dynamic coupled coordination relationship and spatial correlation between the ice-snow tourism network attention and tourism industry development in 31 Chinese provinces and proposed suggestions pertaining to development. Our findings showed that (1) most provinces have not yet achieved excellent coordinated development between the two systems, and the coupled coordination efficiency is low. Each province's coupled coordination degree and coordination efficiency exhibited a small increase. (2) Spatial differences in the coupled coordination level and coordination efficiency of the two systems in each province were more evident. In seven provinces, including Heilongjiang, tourism industry development demonstrated a relatively high utilization rate and enhanced ice-snow tourism network attention. (3) The rankings of the coupled coordination degree and coordination efficiency of the two systems in each province remained relatively stable at the upper and lower ends, with large changes in the central provinces. The coupled coordination efficiency of Heilongjiang, Beijing, Jilin, and Shanghai remained at the top of the list steadily, whereas Tibet, Anhui, and Qinghai stayed at the bottom. In contrast, the ranking of the coupled coordination efficiency of Inner Mongolia, Henan, and Jiangsu displayed a great change. (4) The spatial correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation that decreased annually. Some provinces exhibited characteristics of spatial aggregation, with a high-high aggregation effect in Liaoning and Jilin, a low-low aggregation effect in Gansu and Qinghai, and no spatial aggregation effect in most other provinces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"16 5","pages":"Pages 259-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.004
JiaLong Ren , YiLin Feng , YongZhen Wang , WenZhi Zhao , ZhiBin He , Chang Qin , QiHan Yan , WeiDong Xin , ChengChen Pan , JiLiang Liu
Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) represent the most critical arthropod community in desert ecosystems, where interactions among vegetation, soil, and climate dictate ant assemblages. Nonetheless, our understanding of how various factors influence desert ant assemblages across different spatial and temporal scales remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of desert ants and to determine the effects of precipitation and temperature variations on ant assemblages. To achieve this, we continuously monitored the monthly dynamics of ants at 72 uniform 8m×8m grid points in the Gobi Desert ecosystem of Northwest China from 2015 to 2020 using pitfall traps. The results indicated that Messor desertus and Cataglyphis aenescens were the dominant ant species, with significant annual and monthly variations in the number of individuals captured from 2015 to 2020. In 2020, monthly captures of M. desertus exhibited a bimodal pattern, peaking in November, whereas those of C. aenescens exhibited a unimodal pattern, peaking in June. Annual data revealed that population size was significantly positively correlated spatially at a distance of 24 m. Semi-variance analysis and Moran's I indicated that structural factors predominantly controlled the ant assemblages at a small scale from 2015 to 2020. Annual catches of desert ants tended to decrease with increasing annual precipitation, while an opposite trend was rising average annual temperatures. In conclusion, variations in annual and monthly precipitation and temperature influenced the temporal response patterns of desert ants, thereby altering their spatial assemblages.
{"title":"Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Gobi Desert ecosystems, Northwest China","authors":"JiaLong Ren , YiLin Feng , YongZhen Wang , WenZhi Zhao , ZhiBin He , Chang Qin , QiHan Yan , WeiDong Xin , ChengChen Pan , JiLiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) represent the most critical arthropod community in desert ecosystems, where interactions among vegetation, soil, and climate dictate ant assemblages. Nonetheless, our understanding of how various factors influence desert ant assemblages across different spatial and temporal scales remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of desert ants and to determine the effects of precipitation and temperature variations on ant assemblages. To achieve this, we continuously monitored the monthly dynamics of ants at 72 uniform 8m×8m grid points in the Gobi Desert ecosystem of Northwest China from 2015 to 2020 using pitfall traps. The results indicated that <em>Messor desertus</em> and <em>Cataglyphis aenescens</em> were the dominant ant species, with significant annual and monthly variations in the number of individuals captured from 2015 to 2020. In 2020, monthly captures of <em>M. desertus</em> exhibited a bimodal pattern, peaking in November, whereas those of <em>C. aenescens</em> exhibited a unimodal pattern, peaking in June. Annual data revealed that population size was significantly positively correlated spatially at a distance of 24 m. Semi-variance analysis and Moran's <em>I</em> indicated that structural factors predominantly controlled the ant assemblages at a small scale from 2015 to 2020. Annual catches of desert ants tended to decrease with increasing annual precipitation, while an opposite trend was rising average annual temperatures. In conclusion, variations in annual and monthly precipitation and temperature influenced the temporal response patterns of desert ants, thereby altering their spatial assemblages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"16 5","pages":"Pages 229-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.003
Chao Yue , ZiTao Wang , JianPing Wang
The significance of land use classification has garnered attention due to its implications for climate and ecosystems. This paper establishes a connection by introducing and applying automatic machine learning (Auto ML) techniques to salt lake landscape, with a specific focus on the Qarhan Salt Lake area. Utilizing Landsat-5 Thematic Mappe (TM) and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagery, six machine learning algorithms were employed to classify eight land use types from 2000 to 2020. Results show that XGBLD performed optimally with 77% accuracy. Over two decades, salt fields, construction land, and water areas increased due to transformations in saline land and salt flats. The exposed lakes area exhibited a rise followed by a decline, mainly transforming into salt flats. Agricultural land areas slightly increased, influenced by both human activities and climate. Our analysis reveals a strong correlation between salt fields and precipitation, while exposed lakes demonstrate a significant negative correlation with evaporation and temperature, highlighting their vulnerability to climate change. Additionally, human water usage was identified as a significant factor impacting land use change, emphasizing the dual influence of anthropogenic activities and natural factors. This paper addresses the void in the application of Auto ML in salt lake environments and provides valuable insights into the dynamic evolution of land use types in the Qarhan Salt Lake region.
{"title":"Spatio-temporal change and driving mechanisms of land use/cover in Qarhan Salt Lake area during from 2000 to 2020, based on machine learning","authors":"Chao Yue , ZiTao Wang , JianPing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The significance of land use classification has garnered attention due to its implications for climate and ecosystems. This paper establishes a connection by introducing and applying automatic machine learning (Auto ML) techniques to salt lake landscape, with a specific focus on the Qarhan Salt Lake area. Utilizing Landsat-5 Thematic Mappe (TM) and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagery, six machine learning algorithms were employed to classify eight land use types from 2000 to 2020. Results show that XGBLD performed optimally with 77% accuracy. Over two decades, salt fields, construction land, and water areas increased due to transformations in saline land and salt flats. The exposed lakes area exhibited a rise followed by a decline, mainly transforming into salt flats. Agricultural land areas slightly increased, influenced by both human activities and climate. Our analysis reveals a strong correlation between salt fields and precipitation, while exposed lakes demonstrate a significant negative correlation with evaporation and temperature, highlighting their vulnerability to climate change. Additionally, human water usage was identified as a significant factor impacting land use change, emphasizing the dual influence of anthropogenic activities and natural factors. This paper addresses the void in the application of Auto ML in salt lake environments and provides valuable insights into the dynamic evolution of land use types in the Qarhan Salt Lake region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"16 5","pages":"Pages 239-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.09.002
Qin Ji , JianPing Yang , YuNan Chu , HongJu Chen , XinYu Guo
Poverty and income inequality are problems faced by many countries including China. Since the implementation of Targeted Poverty Alleviation (TPA), absolute poverty has been eradicated, meanwhile, Chinese rural residents' income and inequality have experienced unprecedented new dynamics, but still, very few studies have focused on them. Hence, we attempt to examine the new trends in Chinese farmers' income inequality and to understand its causes during this period. We observe that China's urban-rural income ratio has been shrinking and the urban-rural inequality has been decreasing from 2014 to 2021. The reduction in the Theil index indicates a decrease in the regional inequality of farmers' income as well, and the decline in inter-regional inequality among eight economic zones contributes about 80% to increased equality. These new trends are caused by the fact that, with the TPA, the incomes of rural residents especially that in destitute areas, grew faster than that of urban residents and farmers in prosperous areas. The higher share of non-agricultural industry and agricultural mechanization level have significant positive impact on regional equality of farmers' income, while urban-rural dual structure has significant negative inhibitory effects. The lowest farmers' income and the highest inequality in the Northwest, and the slowest growth in the Northeast deserve more attention in rural Revitalization. From these findings, we propose four policy implications that would be applied to improve Chinese farmers' income equality, govern relative poverty, and achieve common prosperity in the post-poverty era.
{"title":"Inequality of rural residents’ income in China since the targeted poverty alleviation strategy: New trends, causes, and policy implications","authors":"Qin Ji , JianPing Yang , YuNan Chu , HongJu Chen , XinYu Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poverty and income inequality are problems faced by many countries including China. Since the implementation of Targeted Poverty Alleviation (TPA), absolute poverty has been eradicated, meanwhile, Chinese rural residents' income and inequality have experienced unprecedented new dynamics, but still, very few studies have focused on them. Hence, we attempt to examine the new trends in Chinese farmers' income inequality and to understand its causes during this period. We observe that China's urban-rural income ratio has been shrinking and the urban-rural inequality has been decreasing from 2014 to 2021. The reduction in the Theil index indicates a decrease in the regional inequality of farmers' income as well, and the decline in inter-regional inequality among eight economic zones contributes about 80% to increased equality. These new trends are caused by the fact that, with the TPA, the incomes of rural residents especially that in destitute areas, grew faster than that of urban residents and farmers in prosperous areas. The higher share of non-agricultural industry and agricultural mechanization level have significant positive impact on regional equality of farmers' income, while urban-rural dual structure has significant negative inhibitory effects. The lowest farmers' income and the highest inequality in the Northwest, and the slowest growth in the Northeast deserve more attention in rural Revitalization. From these findings, we propose four policy implications that would be applied to improve Chinese farmers' income equality, govern relative poverty, and achieve common prosperity in the post-poverty era.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"16 4","pages":"Pages 201-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.09.001
XiaoMei Yang, Qi Feng, Meng Zhu
The mining of limestone mines plays a crucial role in societal and economic advancement. However, mining activities have led to destructive variations in grassland ecology and soil, causing numerous environmental problems, and effective artificial restoration measures have been used to restore grasslands in the Shimenhe mining areas to different degrees. In this study, we investigated, examined and analyzed plant community structure and its correlation with soil properties across varying degrees of alpine grassland restoration in Qilian Mountains Shimenhe restoration mines using the sample method, and studied the changes in species diversity using five diversity indexes (Simpson index, Shannon index, Margalef index, Dominance index and Evenness index). This study showed that the plant community characteristics with high recovered degree (HRD)> middle recovered degree (MRD)> low recovered degree (LRD)> very low recovered degree (VLRD), 11 plant genera comprising 11 species across 10 families were identified. Dominant families with robust ecological adaptability included Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Gramineae, Asteraceae, and Salicaceae. The highest Simpson, Shannon, Margalef and Evenness index of HRD grassland community species were 0.82, 1.96, 1.66 and 0.89, respectively. The highest Dominance index of VLRD grassland community species was 0.34, which required several restoration methods such as spraying and mulching. Soil pH and EC tended to decrease with increasing restoration, SOC, SMC, TP, AP, NH4-N, TN, AN and NO3-N tended to increase and the content of soil environmental factors contributed to vegetation growth across various restoration levels the mine grassland. In conclusion, our study indicated that the community structure gradually diversified and soil properties changed positively with the increase of restoration degrees in the Qilian Mountains Shimenhe mine, and the best results of HRD restoration were obtained. This study provides the theoretical basis for the restoration and conservation of grasslands in mining areas by demonstrating examined the correlation between plant characteristics and soil properties in restored grasslands in alpine mining areas.
{"title":"Vegetation characteristics and soil properties of artificially remediated grasslands: The case study of the Shimenhe mining area in Qilian Mountains, northwest China","authors":"XiaoMei Yang, Qi Feng, Meng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mining of limestone mines plays a crucial role in societal and economic advancement. However, mining activities have led to destructive variations in grassland ecology and soil, causing numerous environmental problems, and effective artificial restoration measures have been used to restore grasslands in the Shimenhe mining areas to different degrees. In this study, we investigated, examined and analyzed plant community structure and its correlation with soil properties across varying degrees of alpine grassland restoration in Qilian Mountains Shimenhe restoration mines using the sample method, and studied the changes in species diversity using five diversity indexes (Simpson index, Shannon index, Margalef index, Dominance index and Evenness index). This study showed that the plant community characteristics with high recovered degree (HRD)> middle recovered degree (MRD)> low recovered degree (LRD)> very low recovered degree (VLRD), 11 plant genera comprising 11 species across 10 families were identified. Dominant families with robust ecological adaptability included Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Gramineae, Asteraceae, and Salicaceae. The highest Simpson, Shannon, Margalef and Evenness index of HRD grassland community species were 0.82, 1.96, 1.66 and 0.89, respectively. The highest Dominance index of VLRD grassland community species was 0.34, which required several restoration methods such as spraying and mulching. Soil pH and EC tended to decrease with increasing restoration, SOC, SMC, TP, AP, NH<sub>4</sub>-N, TN, AN and NO<sub>3</sub>-N tended to increase and the content of soil environmental factors contributed to vegetation growth across various restoration levels the mine grassland. In conclusion, our study indicated that the community structure gradually diversified and soil properties changed positively with the increase of restoration degrees in the Qilian Mountains Shimenhe mine, and the best results of HRD restoration were obtained. This study provides the theoretical basis for the restoration and conservation of grasslands in mining areas by demonstrating examined the correlation between plant characteristics and soil properties in restored grasslands in alpine mining areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"16 4","pages":"Pages 190-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.08.002
SiYu Wei , LiYun Dai , LiJuan Ma , Tao Che
The Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI), boarded on the FY-3 series satellites: FY-3B, FY-3C, and FY-3D, is the first satellite-based microwave radiometer in China, commencing passive microwave brightness temperature data acquisition since 2010. The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) boarded on the Global Change Observation Mission 1st-Water (GCOM-W1), has been operational since 2012. Despite the FY-3 series satellites are equipped with the same MWRI and all MWRIs sharing comparable parameters and configurations as AMSR2, disparities in observation times and satellite platforms result in inconsistencies in the data obtained by different satellites, which further impacting the consistency of retrieved geophysical parameters. To improve the consistency of brightness temperatures from FY-3B, FY-3C, FY-3D/MWRI, and GCOM-W1/AMSR2, cross-calibrations were conducted among brightness temperatures at ten-channel from above four platforms. The consistency of derived snow depth from MWRIs and AMSR2 in China before and after the calibration were also analyzed. The results show that the correlation coefficients of brightness temperatures at all channels between sensors exceed 0.98. After cross-calibration, the RMSEs and biases of brightness temperatures at all frequencies and snow depth in China derived from them reduce to varying degrees. The consistencies in both brightness temperatures and snow depth of FY-3B/MWRI, FY-3D/MWRI, and AMSR2 are higher than those of FY-3C and others. These findings advocate for the utilization of cross-calibrated brightness temperatures from FY-3B/MWRI, FY-3D/MWRI, and AMSR2, which share similar satellite overpass time, to derived a long-term snow depth dataset.
{"title":"Cross-calibration between MWRI and AMSR2 to improve consistency of snow depth products","authors":"SiYu Wei , LiYun Dai , LiJuan Ma , Tao Che","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI), boarded on the FY-3 series satellites: FY-3B, FY-3C, and FY-3D, is the first satellite-based microwave radiometer in China, commencing passive microwave brightness temperature data acquisition since 2010. The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) boarded on the Global Change Observation Mission 1st-Water (GCOM-W1), has been operational since 2012. Despite the FY-3 series satellites are equipped with the same MWRI and all MWRIs sharing comparable parameters and configurations as AMSR2, disparities in observation times and satellite platforms result in inconsistencies in the data obtained by different satellites, which further impacting the consistency of retrieved geophysical parameters. To improve the consistency of brightness temperatures from FY-3B, FY-3C, FY-3D/MWRI, and GCOM-W1/AMSR2, cross-calibrations were conducted among brightness temperatures at ten-channel from above four platforms. The consistency of derived snow depth from MWRIs and AMSR2 in China before and after the calibration were also analyzed. The results show that the correlation coefficients of brightness temperatures at all channels between sensors exceed 0.98. After cross-calibration, the RMSEs and biases of brightness temperatures at all frequencies and snow depth in China derived from them reduce to varying degrees. The consistencies in both brightness temperatures and snow depth of FY-3B/MWRI, FY-3D/MWRI, and AMSR2 are higher than those of FY-3C and others. These findings advocate for the utilization of cross-calibrated brightness temperatures from FY-3B/MWRI, FY-3D/MWRI, and AMSR2, which share similar satellite overpass time, to derived a long-term snow depth dataset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"16 4","pages":"Pages 178-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rcar.2024.07.004
Lu Zhou , YuZhong Yang , DanDan Zhang , HeLin Yao
Due to the great influences of both climate warming and human activities, permafrost on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) has been undergoing considerable degradation. Continuous degradation of plateau permafrost dramatically modifies the regional water cycle and hydrological processes, affecting the hydrogeological conditions, and ground hydrothermal status in cold regions. Permafrost thawing impacts the ecological environment, engineering facilities, and carbon storage functions, releasing some major greenhouse gases and exacerbating climate change. Despite the utilization of advanced research methodologies to investigate the changing hydrological processes and the corresponding influencing factors in permafrost regions, there still exist knowledge gaps in multivariate data, quantitative analysis of permafrost degradation's impact on various water bodies, and systematic hydrological modeling on the QXP. This review summarizes the main research methods in permafrost hydrology and elaborates on the impacts of permafrost degradation on regional precipitation distribution patterns, changes in surface runoff, expansion of thermokarst lakes/ponds, and groundwater dynamics on the QXP. Then, we discuss the current inadequacies and future research priorities, including multiple methods, observation data, and spatial and temporal scales, to provide a reference for a comprehensive analysis of the hydrological and environmental effects of permafrost degradation on the QXP under a warming climate.
{"title":"Recent advances in hydrology studies under changing permafrost on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau","authors":"Lu Zhou , YuZhong Yang , DanDan Zhang , HeLin Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the great influences of both climate warming and human activities, permafrost on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) has been undergoing considerable degradation. Continuous degradation of plateau permafrost dramatically modifies the regional water cycle and hydrological processes, affecting the hydrogeological conditions, and ground hydrothermal status in cold regions. Permafrost thawing impacts the ecological environment, engineering facilities, and carbon storage functions, releasing some major greenhouse gases and exacerbating climate change. Despite the utilization of advanced research methodologies to investigate the changing hydrological processes and the corresponding influencing factors in permafrost regions, there still exist knowledge gaps in multivariate data, quantitative analysis of permafrost degradation's impact on various water bodies, and systematic hydrological modeling on the QXP. This review summarizes the main research methods in permafrost hydrology and elaborates on the impacts of permafrost degradation on regional precipitation distribution patterns, changes in surface runoff, expansion of thermokarst lakes/ponds, and groundwater dynamics on the QXP. Then, we discuss the current inadequacies and future research priorities, including multiple methods, observation data, and spatial and temporal scales, to provide a reference for a comprehensive analysis of the hydrological and environmental effects of permafrost degradation on the QXP under a warming climate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"16 4","pages":"Pages 159-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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