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Innovations, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the global world countries: An empirical investigation 世界各国创新、能源消耗与二氧化碳排放的实证研究
Pub Date : 2022-11-05 DOI: 10.56556/jescae.v1i4.288
Hayat Khan, Liu Weili, Robeen Bibi, Sumaira, Itbar Khan
Technological innovations are the important sources of economic growth of a country and it is inter associated with other factors such as energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide emission. A change in these factors affect the capability of technological innovation and thus the effect of these factors on innovations need to be explored. This study investigates the effect of carbon dioxide, energy consumption and economic growth on innovations proxies by different innovations indicators. The sample data is collected from 1980 to 2019 of the world 181 countries and OLS, fixed effect, two step Generalized method of moments and panel quantile regression models were employed for data analysis. The results reveal that carbon dioxide and economic growth increase technological innovations while the inflow of FDI decrease innovations output. Energy consumption also negatively affects innovation indicators except for research and development. In the case of quantile regression, energy consumption is positive while carbon dioxide and foreign direct investment are negative across different quantiles for research and development. Energy consumption and foreign direct investment reduce technological innovations proxy by patent application residents while carbon dioxide and economic growth increase it. The findings of this study have considerable policy suggestions for the global countries.
技术创新是一个国家经济增长的重要来源,它与能源消耗、经济增长、二氧化碳排放等因素相互关联。这些因素的变化会影响技术创新能力,因此这些因素对创新的影响需要探讨。本文通过不同的创新指标考察了二氧化碳、能源消耗和经济增长对创新代理的影响。样本数据采集自1980 - 2019年全球181个国家,采用OLS、固定效应、两步广义矩量法和面板分位数回归模型进行数据分析。结果表明,二氧化碳和经济增长促进了技术创新,FDI流入降低了创新产出。能源消耗对除研发外的创新指标也有负向影响。在分位数回归的情况下,能源消耗在不同的分位数上是正的,而二氧化碳和外国直接投资是负的。能源消耗和外商直接投资降低了居民专利申请代理的技术创新,而二氧化碳排放和经济增长增加了居民专利申请代理的技术创新。本研究的结果对全球各国具有相当大的政策建议。
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引用次数: 13
Nexus between energy use, industrialization, forest area, and carbon dioxide emissions: New insights from Russia 能源使用、工业化、森林面积和二氧化碳排放之间的关系:来自俄罗斯的新见解
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.56556/jescae.v1i4.269
A. Raihan, Almagul Tuspekova
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, contribute significantly to global climate change, which in turn threatens the environment, development, and sustainability. The current study examines the nexus between Russia's energy consumption, industrialization, and forest cover in terms of the country's total CO2 emissions. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing technique and the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) methodology were used to examine time series data from 1990 to 2020. Evidence of cointegration between the variables was found using the ARDL bounds test. An increase of 1% in energy consumption and industrialization is predicted to result in an increase of 1.3% and 0.23% in CO2 emissions in Russia. In addition, it has been estimated that a 1% increase in forest area might lead to a 4.29% reduction in CO2 emissions in the long run. This article proposed policies to reduce emissions in Russia and assure environmental sustainability through the use of renewable energy sources, green industry, and sustainable forest management.
温室气体(GHG)排放,特别是二氧化碳(CO2)排放,是全球气候变化的重要因素,进而威胁到环境、发展和可持续性。目前的研究考察了俄罗斯的能源消耗、工业化和森林覆盖之间的关系,以及该国的二氧化碳排放总量。采用自回归分布滞后(ARDL)边界检验技术和动态普通最小二乘(DOLS)方法对1990 - 2020年的时间序列数据进行了检验。使用ARDL界限检验发现变量之间存在协整的证据。预计能源消费和工业化每增加1%,俄罗斯的二氧化碳排放量将分别增加1.3%和0.23%。此外,据估计,从长远来看,森林面积增加1%可能导致二氧化碳排放量减少4.29%。本文提出了俄罗斯通过使用可再生能源、绿色工业和可持续森林管理来减少排放和确保环境可持续性的政策。
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引用次数: 45
Orientation as a panacea for improving the Thermal Performance of a fully enclosed courtyard in a typical tropical climate 在典型的热带气候中,朝向是改善全封闭庭院热性能的灵丹妙药
Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.56556/jescae.v1i3.240
Sule Modi, IIiyasu Sanke Isyaku, Timothy Marcus Kogi, Amos Danladi, Bilkisu Priscilla Sambo, Emmanuel Adamu Gado
Globalization has resulted in pollution, carbon emissions, climate change, and an insufficient supply of natural resources. As a result, research is required to increase the thermal performance of buildings. In this regard, using a courtyard as a building component is one of the most sustainable ways to improve the building's thermal performance and microclimate. While utilizing the Envi-met program on the configurations chosen for the fully enclosed courtyard, this study investigated the effect of orientation on the fully enclosed courtyard's thermal performance. 1:1:1 and 1:2:1 are examples of this setup. The orientations considered in this example were N-S, E-W, NE-SW, and NW-SE. The air temperature, mean radiant temperature and physiological equivalent temperature were measured during simulations of two configurations of the fully enclosed courtyard. According to the research, the air temperature, mean radiant temperature and physiological equivalent temperature rises as the size of the courtyard grows. As a result, the air temperature in the 1:1:1 courtyard arrangement is lower than in the 1:2:1 courtyard design.
全球化导致了污染、碳排放、气候变化和自然资源供应不足。因此,需要进行研究以提高建筑物的热性能。在这方面,使用庭院作为建筑组成部分是改善建筑热性能和微气候的最可持续的方法之一。在利用envimet程序选择全封闭庭院的配置时,本研究调查了朝向对全封闭庭院热性能的影响。1:1:1和1:2:1就是这种设置的例子。在这个例子中考虑的方向是N-S, E-W, NE-SW和NW-SE。在模拟中测量了两种布局的空气温度、平均辐射温度和生理等效温度。研究表明,随着庭院规模的增大,空气温度、平均辐射温度和生理等效温度均呈上升趋势。因此,1:1:1庭院布置的空气温度低于1:2:1庭院设计。
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引用次数: 3
The Environmental Conservation, Legal and Ethical Issues concerning Herbal Products in Nigeria 尼日利亚草药产品的环境保护、法律和伦理问题
Pub Date : 2022-08-28 DOI: 10.56556/jescae.v1i3.124
P. Aidonojie, Milicent Ekeata Idahosa, Omohoste Patience Agbale, Adefisayo Ifeoluwa Oyedeji
It has been widely reported that there have been rising cases of communicable and non-communicable disease, given the poor level of unhealthy lifestyle and disease outbreak from poor scientific laboratory management. It must be noted that Nigeria has also had its fair share of the rising cases of most infectious diseases. However, in quest of most persons affected by various communicable diseases in Nigeria, it has led finding a better solace and cures to these communicable diseases, by resulting to taking phytomedicine or herbal product. It suffices to state that the growing demand for herbal medicine in Nigeria in the cure or treatment of communicable diseases results from its natural, medicinal, and therapeutic effects. However, the increasing demand for the herbal product has resulted in indiscriminate plant harvest and various individuals not being skilled in the art of herbal medicine production to indulge in manufacturing a poor, harmful and low-quality herbal product. It must be noted that although the international community set out ethical guidelines concerning the the conservation of plant material and manufacturing of herbal medicine. It is in this regard that this study tends to examine the international legal framework concerning environmental conservation of plant material and, local legal and ethical framework concerning the production of herbal products in Nigeria.
据广泛报道,由于不健康的生活方式水平低下以及科学实验室管理不善导致的疾病爆发,传染病和非传染性疾病的病例有所上升。必须指出,尼日利亚在大多数传染病病例上升中也占有相当份额。然而,在尼日利亚,大多数受各种传染病影响的人,通过服用植物药或草药产品,找到了更好的安慰和治疗这些传染病的方法。只需指出,尼日利亚在治疗或治疗传染病方面对草药的需求日益增长,这是由于草药具有天然、药用和治疗作用。然而,对草药产品日益增长的需求导致了不分青红皂白的植物收获,许多不精通草药生产技术的人沉迷于制造劣质、有害和低质量的草药产品。必须指出的是,尽管国际社会制定了关于保存植物材料和生产草药的道德准则。正是在这方面,本研究倾向于审查关于植物材料环境保护的国际法律框架以及关于尼日利亚草药产品生产的当地法律和道德框架。
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引用次数: 7
FDI flow in Energy Sector among BCIM, BIMSTEC+1 and ASEAN+4 sub-regional alignments 孟中印缅、BIMSTEC+1和东盟+4次区域能源领域FDI流动
Pub Date : 2022-08-28 DOI: 10.56556/jescae.v1i3.226
Kallal Banerjee
FDI is the most dynamic component for boosting trade among different sub-regional blocs. It may be considered under Mode 3 of the GATS agreement. This study documents various restrictions under market access and national treatments under mode 3 as committed by different member countries, among three regional trading blocs to improving the energy sector. A large portion of trade is being facilitated through strong linkage between service trade and FDI flow among countries or regions. ASEAN countries among South East Asia played an important role in attracting foreign direct investments for the economic development and growth in Energy Sector. Trade barriers, particularly commitment barriers of importing country, have a strong negative impact on smooth flow of investments across regions. This research also reviews the purposes  of FDI among regional countries and explores the deepest and strong relationships among regional members to explore a possible strategic relationship for formation of Regional Trade Agreement (RTA).
外国直接投资是促进不同次区域集团之间贸易的最具活力的组成部分。它可根据服务贸易总协定模式3加以考虑。本研究记录了三个区域贸易集团中不同成员国为改善能源部门所承诺的市场准入和模式3下的国民待遇方面的各种限制。很大一部分贸易是通过国家或区域之间的服务贸易和外国直接投资流动之间的紧密联系而得到便利的。东南亚国家联盟国家在吸引外国直接投资促进经济发展和能源部门增长方面发挥了重要作用。贸易壁垒,特别是进口国的承诺壁垒,对投资在区域间的顺利流动产生了强烈的负面影响。本研究还回顾了区域国家之间直接投资的目的,并探讨了区域成员之间最深厚和最牢固的关系,以探索形成区域贸易协定(RTA)的可能战略关系。
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引用次数: 9
Pattern of Water Consumption among Students in Cross River University, Calabar Campus, Nigeria 尼日利亚卡拉巴校区克罗斯河大学学生用水模式
Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.56556/jescae.v1i3.209
S. Eteng, Ndifreke Moses Etim, Ifiok Christopher Eyo, Celestine Chinedu Eze
The study analysed the pattern of water consumption among students in Cross River University, Calabar Campus, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examine the extent and ways water is consumed. Data for the study were obtained using interviews, observations and questionnaire.in eliciting data. A total of 300 copies of questionnaire were distributed in the residential hostels.  In order to have a general impression of the situation under investigation, 150 copies of questionnaire were distributed in male hostels and same were distributed in female hostels. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, simple percentages and means. A 5-point likert scale was used in understanding the level in which certain variables contribute in water consumption in the study area. The study noted that water consumption was significantly influenced by gender and age. For instance, the study highlighted that females consumed larger water quantity than males. Equally, students within the ages of 18 years and 25 years constitute larger percentage of water consumers. It was also noted that water consumption among students in the hostels was influenced by particular periods of the day. For instance, the quantity of water consumed in the morning was observed to be higher than in other periods of the day. Furthermore, bathing account for the largest quantity of water consumption while drinking constitute the least. Based on the above observations, it was suggested that the quality of water that is supplied for consumption be improved so as to allow students to drink. Finally, should be supplied at required quantity and regularly. Keywords; Hostels, school environment, quantity/quality of water, water demand, water supply,
该研究分析了尼日利亚卡拉巴尔校区克罗斯河大学学生的用水模式。具体来说,这项研究考察了水的消耗程度和方式。本研究的数据是通过访谈、观察和问卷调查获得的。在引出数据。在宿舍共分发了300份问卷。为了对所调查的情况有一个总的印象,在男青年旅舍分发了150份调查表,在女青年旅舍也分发了同样的调查表。数据分析使用描述性统计,如频率,简单百分比和平均值。5点李克特量表用于了解某些变量对研究区域用水量的影响程度。该研究指出,用水量受到性别和年龄的显著影响。例如,该研究强调,女性比男性消耗更多的水。同样,18岁和25岁以下的学生在用水者中所占比例较大。还指出,宿舍学生的用水量受到一天中特定时段的影响。例如,早晨的饮水量被观察到比一天中的其他时段要高。此外,洗澡所消耗的水量最大,而饮用所消耗的水量最少。基于以上观察,有人建议改善供学生饮用的水的质量,以便让学生饮用。最后,应按要求的数量和定期供应。关键字;宿舍、学校环境、水量/水质、需水量、供水量、
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引用次数: 2
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practice among Students in Secondary School, Ijebu Ode, Nigeria 尼日利亚Ijebu Ode中学学生的水、环境卫生和个人卫生实践
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.56556/jescae.v1i3.169
Edet Otto, Ayodeji Opatoki, D. Luyi
Studies have documented that poor WaSH is accountable for several cases of diarrhea globally, resulting in millions of unnecessary deaths each year, particularly among children, and most notably in underdeveloped countries where poor knowledge and practice of WaSH have been well documented. Therefore, the work prioritizes evaluation of WaSH practice among students in secondary school in Ijebu Ode, in light of the emergence of COVID-19, which has further highlighted the essence of WaSH practice, especially in our schools. A descriptive cross-sectional approach was adopted in the conduct of the investigation, wherein data was sourced from 60 students selected through random numbers from six randomly selected secondary schools (three public and three private), representing a total student population of 360. The data collected through structured questionnaire and personal interview were computed and analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Software for Social Scientist (version 20). Findings indicated that majority of the students in Ijebu Ode have adequate knowledge (78.9%) and inadequate practice (45.6%) on WaSH, and thus, concluded that whereas the participants have adequate knowledge on WaSH, it however did not translate into an actual practice. Hence, a need for an intensive effort that will facilitate adequate WaSH practices among the school students through the availability and accessibility of appropriate WaSH resources, with school and home schedules for WaSH practice.
研究证明,不良的讲卫生工作是全球数起腹泻病例的原因,每年造成数百万人不必要的死亡,特别是在儿童中,尤其是在欠发达国家,在这些国家,关于讲卫生工作的不良知识和做法已得到充分记录。因此,鉴于2019冠状病毒病的出现,这项工作优先评估了伊杰布奥德州中学生的WaSH实践,这进一步凸显了WaSH实践的本质,特别是在我们的学校。在进行调查时采用了描述性横断面方法,其中数据来自通过随机选择的六所中学(三所公立和三所私立)随机选择的60名学生,代表总学生人数为360人。通过结构化问卷和个人访谈收集的数据,使用Microsoft Excel和Statistical Software for Social Scientist (version 20)进行描述性计算和分析。调查结果表明,Ijebu Ode的大多数学生对WaSH有足够的知识(78.9%)和不足的实践(45.6%),因此,得出的结论是,尽管参与者对WaSH有足够的知识,但它并没有转化为实际的实践。因此,需要一个密集的努力,通过适当的WaSH资源的可用性和可访问性,以及学校和家庭的WaSH实践时间表,在学校学生中促进充分的WaSH实践。
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引用次数: 3
Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach (ARDL) to Corruption and Economic Growth Nexus in Nigeria 尼日利亚腐败与经济增长关系的自回归分布滞后方法
Pub Date : 2022-06-18 DOI: 10.56556/jescae.v1i3.181
Bassey Enya Ndem, H. James, Friday Bassey Agala
The corruption in Nigeria is generating concern around the globe and among its citizens. This concern is because corruption has continued undermining the country's socio-economic development. Thus, this study empirically investigates the impact of corruption on economic growth in the Nigerian economy using annual data from 1980 to 2018. The study employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model as its estimation technique. In this study, economic growth was proxied by gross domestic product growth rate (GDPGR), while corruption was proxied by the corruption perception index. The result revealed that corruption has a negative and significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria in the long run. This finding implies that corruption has impeded the economic development process in Nigeria within the period of this study. Thus, it was recommended that anti-corruption agencies in Nigeria, such as the Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) should be strengthened by enacting laws that will empower them to investigate, arrest and prosecute offenders.
尼日利亚的腐败引起了全球及其公民的关注。这种担忧是因为腐败继续破坏该国的社会经济发展。因此,本研究利用1980年至2018年的年度数据,实证调查了腐败对尼日利亚经济增长的影响。本研究采用自回归分布滞后(ARDL)模型作为估计技术。在本研究中,经济增长用国内生产总值增长率(GDPGR)来代表,腐败用腐败感知指数来代表。结果显示,从长远来看,腐败对尼日利亚的经济增长具有负面和显著的影响。这一发现表明,在本研究期间,腐败阻碍了尼日利亚的经济发展进程。因此,建议尼日利亚的反腐败机构,如经济和金融犯罪委员会(EFCC),应通过颁布法律加强这些机构调查、逮捕和起诉罪犯的权力。
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引用次数: 7
Housing Satisfaction among Students in Tertiary Institutions in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria 尼日利亚克罗斯河州卡拉巴尔高等院校学生住房满意度调查
Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.56556/jescae.v1i3.89
S. Eteng, I. Mfon, Bassey John Okoi
The paper focused on examining the satisfaction of students with hostel accommodation in tertiary institutions in Calabar, Cross River State Nigeria. The study sought specifically to identify the level at which students were satisfied with hostel accommodation using fifteen (15) variables. In order to obtain data, three (3) tertiary institutions within the study area were purposively sampled. A total of 150 copies of questionnaire were distributed to residents in the school hostels. Specifically, 50 copies of questionnaire were distributed in each residential hostel in schools that were sample out. Analysis were done using both descriptive statistics such as frequencies and simple percentages as well as relative satisfaction index (RSI) to determine the level of satisfaction of students in the hostels. A five point likert scale was adopted in explaining the level of satisfaction of students with the hostels. The findings revealed that the students were fairly satisfied with the quality, condition and general standards of the hostels in the study area. This is due to the fact that certain facilities that need to be on ground to boost satisfaction level of students were not adequately provided. For instance, it was noted that students do not have maximum access to ICT facilities in hostels. It was also revealed that privacy in hostels had the weakest contribution to student satisfaction in the hostels. In order to boost satisfaction of residents with hostel accommodation, it was suggested that hostels be maintained regularly to avoid deterioration of facilities. It was also recommended that more residential units be developed to accommodate students in the study area. Equally, the students’ priority should be given concern in the housing development process.
本文的重点是检查学生的满意度与宿舍住宿在卡拉巴尔大专院校,克罗斯河州尼日利亚。该研究使用十五(15)个变量来明确学生对宿舍住宿的满意程度。为了获得数据,有目的地对研究区域内的三所高等院校进行了抽样。共向学校宿舍的居民发放了150份问卷。具体而言,在抽样学校的每间宿舍派发了50份问卷。使用频率和简单百分比等描述性统计数据以及相对满意度指数(RSI)进行分析,以确定学生对宿舍的满意度。在解释学生对宿舍的满意程度时,我们采用五点李克特量表。调查结果显示,学生对研究区内宿舍的质素、条件及整体水平均相当满意。这是因为学校没有提供足够的设施来提高学生的满意度。例如,有人指出,学生没有充分利用宿舍的信息和通信技术设施。此外,私隐对学生满意度的贡献最小。为提高住客对宿舍住宿的满意度,我们建议定期维修宿舍,避免设施老化。报告亦建议在研究区内发展更多住宅单位,以容纳学生。同样,在住房开发过程中,应优先考虑学生的利益。
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引用次数: 5
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Programs in Sarangani Province: Promotion of the Triple Bottom Line Framework of Sustainability 萨兰加尼省企业社会责任(CSR)项目:促进可持续发展的三重底线框架
Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.56556/jescae.v1i2.104
Cheryl Marie Cristobal-Cipriano, Jinnifer Arroyo, Alvin Romualdo
This study aimed to determine the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs implemented by business organizations in Sarangani Province in the frame of Triple Bottom Line Framework of Sustainability – People, Planet, and Profit (3Ps). It employed the mixed method research design using sequential qualitative and quantitative survey-type techniques. It involved fifty-two (52) respondents from medium-sized and large companies. Findings show that the main CSR drivers were customer satisfaction and company reputation/image while the major barrier was the lack of support from top management. In terms of involvement, the companies made efforts to address social injustice; partnered with communities to provide financial assistance; promoted waste management, energy, and water conservation; and, ensured employee well-being. In terms of integrating corporate citizenship, the companies recognized the role of leaders as CSR champions; incorporated CSR policies and integrated CSR initiatives in program development; installed CSR in their operational systems, as well as enabled M&E mechanisms. In assessing CSR program implementation, the companies established safety protocols in the workplace; educated their employees and the communities on environmental protection; and, hired local people from host communities. On issues and challenges, financial constraint was cited as a major concern while the benefits were gained from the areas of environmental conservation and compliance to national and local laws. Hence, the study concluded that many business organizations in Sarangani have already taken 3Ps- anchored proactive steps through CSR to make valuable contributions for the continuous development of medium and large-scale enterprises. It is therefore recommended that business organizations should increase their CSR program focus on Gender Equality, develop more CSR champions, increase employee involvement in CSR initiatives, and further CSR efforts through increased funding, while the government should introduce strategic measures to further encourage more companies to undertake CSR.
本研究旨在确定萨兰加尼省商业组织在可持续发展三重底线框架-人,地球和利润(3p)框架下实施的企业社会责任(CSR)计划。本研究采用序贯定性与定量调查型相结合的混合方法进行研究设计。调查涉及了52名来自大中型企业的受访者。调查结果显示,企业社会责任的主要驱动因素是客户满意度和公司声誉/形象,而主要障碍是缺乏高层管理人员的支持。在参与方面,公司努力解决社会不公正问题;与社区合作提供财政援助;促进废物管理、节约能源和水资源;同时,确保员工的福利。在整合企业公民方面,企业认可领导者作为企业社会责任倡导者的角色;将企业社会责任政策和企业社会责任倡议纳入项目开发;在他们的运营系统中安装了CSR,并启用了M&E机制。在评估企业社会责任项目实施情况时,公司在工作场所建立了安全协议;对员工和社区进行环境保护教育;并且从接待社区雇佣当地人。关于问题和挑战,财政拮据被认为是一个主要的关切,而从环境保护和遵守国家和地方法律方面获得了利益。因此,该研究得出的结论是,萨兰加尼的许多商业组织已经通过企业社会责任采取了以3p为基础的积极措施,为大中型企业的持续发展做出了宝贵的贡献。因此,建议企业组织应加强对性别平等的关注,培养更多的企业社会责任冠军,增加员工对企业社会责任倡议的参与,并通过增加资金来进一步推动企业社会责任的努力,而政府应出台战略措施,进一步鼓励更多的企业承担企业社会责任。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Journal of Environmental Science and Economics
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