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Heavy metal and microbial testing of selected cosmetic products in the Palestinian market. 对巴勒斯坦市场上选定的化妆品进行重金属和微生物检测。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2023.2281199
Murad Abualhasan, Liza Naffa, Ro'a Alarda, Baraa Zahi, Ameed Amireh, Munir Al-Atrash

Excessive and continuous use of cosmetic products containing heavy metals can lead to harmful effects. International regulations mandate limited quantities of heavy metals contamination in cosmetic preparations to ensure consumer safety. This research aims to evaluate heavy metal and microbial contamination levels in selected cosmetic products available in the Palestinian market. We collected 35 samples randomly from 23 companies, representing four product types, and analyzed them for the presence of seven heavy metals: zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and arsenic (As) using an atomic absorption spectrometer. We also interviewed pharmacists who sold these cosmetics to assess their knowledge of allowed limits and toxic effects associated with increased heavy metal content in cosmetics. The results indicated that all tested products exceeded the allowed limit for Cd (9.5 ± 2.3 ppm), Cu (33.8 ± 9.2 ppm), and Zn (151.0 ± 7.4 ppm). However, none of the tested samples showed microbial contamination. These findings underscore the significant heavy metal contamination of cosmetics present in the Palestinian market. Thus, there is a pressing need to register and quality-test all cosmetic products sold in the Palestinian market and to raise the pharmacists' awareness and knowledge regarding heavy metals in cosmetics.

过量和持续使用含有重金属的化妆品会导致有害影响。国际法规规定化妆品制剂中的重金属污染限量,以确保消费者安全。这项研究的目的是评估在巴勒斯坦市场上可获得的选定化妆品中的重金属和微生物污染水平。我们从23家公司随机收集了35个样品,代表4种产品类型,并使用原子吸收光谱仪分析了七种重金属的存在:锌(Zn),镉(Cd),铅(Pb),铬(Cr),铁(Fe),铜(Cu)和砷(As)。我们还采访了销售这些化妆品的药剂师,以评估他们对化妆品中重金属含量增加的允许限度和毒性影响的了解。结果表明,所有检测产品的镉(9.5±2.3 ppm)、铜(33.8±9.2 ppm)和锌(151.0±7.4 ppm)均超过允许限量。然而,所有测试样本都没有显示出微生物污染。这些发现强调了巴勒斯坦市场上存在的化妆品的严重重金属污染。因此,迫切需要对在巴勒斯坦市场上销售的所有化妆品进行登记和质量测试,并提高药剂师对化妆品中重金属的认识和知识。
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引用次数: 0
More about making profits or providing safe drinking water? A state-of-the-art review on sachet water contamination in Nigeria. 盈利更重要还是提供安全饮用水更重要?尼日利亚袋装水污染现状综述。
IF 1.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2319009
Johnson C Agbasi, Arinze Longinus Ezugwu, Michael Ekuru Omeka, Ifeanyi Adolphus Ucheana, Chiedozie Chukwuemeka Aralu, Hillary Onyeka Abugu, Johnbosco C Egbueri

Public health concerns on surface and groundwater contamination worldwide have increased. Sachet water contamination has also raised serious concerns across many developing countries. While previous studies attempted to address this issue, this review takes a different approach by utilizing a comprehensive analysis of physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and microbial loads tested in sachet water across Nigeria's six geopolitical zones, within the period of 2020-2023. In this review study, over 50 articles were carefully analyzed. Collected data unveiled regional variations in the quality of sachet water across Nigeria. Noteworthy concerns revolve around levels of pH, total hardness, magnesium, calcium, nickel, iron, lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium. Fecal contamination was also identified as a significant issue, with the prevalence of several pathogens like Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. The manufacturing, delivery, storage, and final sale of sachet water, as well as poor environmental hygiene, were identified as potential contamination sources. The intake of contaminated sachet water exposes the citizens to waterborne and carcinogenic diseases. While the sachet water industry keeps growing and making profits, it is apparent that improvement calls made by previous studies, regarding the quality of water produced, have not been paid serious attention.

全世界对地表水和地下水污染的公共健康问题日益关注。小袋装水污染也引起了许多发展中国家的严重关切。虽然以前的研究试图解决这一问题,但本综述采用了不同的方法,在 2020-2023 年期间对尼日利亚六个地缘政治区内的袋装水中检测到的物理化学参数、重金属和微生物负荷进行了全面分析。在这项回顾性研究中,对 50 多篇文章进行了仔细分析。收集到的数据揭示了尼日利亚各地区袋装水质量的差异。值得关注的是 pH 值、总硬度、镁、钙、镍、铁、铅、汞、砷和镉的水平。粪便污染也被认为是一个重要问题,其中有多种病原体,如大肠杆菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、泄殖腔肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌。小袋装水的生产、运送、储存和最终销售以及环境卫生差被认为是潜在的污染源。摄入受污染的袋装水会使公民面临水传播疾病和致癌疾病的风险。虽然小袋装水行业在不断发展和盈利,但以前的研究就所生产水的质量提出的改进要求显然没有得到重视。
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引用次数: 0
Cellular and molecular alterations in a human hepatocellular in vitro model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development and stratification. 非酒精性脂肪肝发展和分层的人类肝细胞体外模型中的细胞和分子变化。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2023.2293493
Rose A Willett, Volodymyr P Tryndyak, Frederick A Beland, Igor P Pogribny

The rapidly increasing incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing health crisis worldwide. If not detected early, NAFLD progression can lead to irreversible pathological states, including liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Using in vitro models to understand the molecular pathogenesis has been extremely beneficial; however, most studies have utilized only short-term exposures, highlighting a limitation in current research to model extended fat-induced liver injury. We treated Hep3B cells continuously with a low dose of oleic and palmitic free fatty acids (FFAs) for 7 or 28 days. Transcriptomic analysis identified dysregulated molecular pathways and differential expression of 984 and 917 genes after FFA treatment for 7 and 28 days respectively. DNA methylation analysis of altered DNA methylated regions (DMRs) found 7 DMRs in common. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed transcriptomic changes primarily involved in lipid metabolism, small molecule biochemistry, and molecular transport. Western blot analysis revealed changes in PDK4 and CPT1A protein levels, indicative of mitochondrial stress. In line with this, there was mitochondrial morphological change demonstrating breakdown of the mitochondrial network. This in vitro model of human NAFL mimics results observed in human patients and may be used as a pre-clinical model for drug intervention.

非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)发病率的快速增长是全球范围内日益严重的健康危机。如果不及早发现,非酒精性脂肪肝的发展会导致不可逆转的病理状态,包括肝纤维化和肝硬化。利用体外模型来了解分子发病机理非常有益;然而,大多数研究仅利用了短期暴露,这凸显了当前研究在建立长期脂肪诱导的肝损伤模型方面的局限性。我们用低剂量的油酸和棕榈酸游离脂肪酸(FFAs)连续处理 Hep3B 细胞 7 天或 28 天。转录组分析发现,游离脂肪酸处理 7 天和 28 天后,分别有 984 和 917 个基因的分子通路和差异表达出现失调。对改变的 DNA 甲基化区域(DMRs)进行的 DNA 甲基化分析发现了 7 个共同的 DMRs。差异表达基因(DEGs)通路分析显示,转录组的变化主要涉及脂质代谢、小分子生化和分子运输。Western 印迹分析显示,PDK4 和 CPT1A 蛋白水平发生了变化,表明线粒体出现了应激反应。与此同时,线粒体形态也发生了变化,表明线粒体网络遭到破坏。这种人类非酒精性脂肪肝体外模型模拟了在人类患者身上观察到的结果,可用作药物干预的临床前模型。
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引用次数: 0
Primary Microplastics in the Ecosystem: Ecological Effects, Risks, and Comprehensive Perspectives on Toxicology and Detection Methods. 生态系统中的原生微塑料:生态影响、风险以及毒理学和检测方法的综合视角。
IF 1.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2370715
Pooja Singh, Gunjan Varshney, Raminder Kaur

Recent discoveries of microplastics in cities, suburbs, and even remote locations, far from microplastic source regions, have raised the possibility of long-distance transmission of microplastics in many ecosystems. A little is known scientifically about the threat that it posed to the environment by microplastics. The problem's apparent size necessitates the rapid development of reliable scientific advice regarding the ecological risks of microplastics. These concerns are brought on by the lack of consistent sample and identification techniques, as well as the limited physical analysis and understanding of microplastic pollution. This review provides insight regarding some unaddressed issues about the occurrence, fate, movement, and impact of microplastics, in general, with special emphasis on primary microplastics. The approaches taken in the earlier investigations have been analyzed and different recommendations for future research have been suggested.

最近在远离微塑料源头地区的城市、郊区甚至偏远地区都发现了微塑料,这增加了微塑料在许多生态系统中远距离传播的可能性。科学界对微塑料对环境造成的威胁知之甚少。由于这一问题的规模巨大,有必要迅速制定有关微塑料生态风险的可靠科学建议。由于缺乏一致的取样和识别技术,以及对微塑料污染的物理分析和了解有限,这些问题令人担忧。本综述从总体上对微塑料的发生、归宿、移动和影响等一些尚未解决的问题进行了深入探讨,并特别强调了初级微塑料。本文分析了早期调查所采用的方法,并对未来研究提出了不同的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the mode of action of perfluorooctanoic acid-induced liver tumors in male Sprague-Dawley rats using a toxicogenomic approach. 利用毒物基因组学方法评估全氟辛酸诱导雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠肝脏肿瘤的作用模式。
IF 1.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2327969
Xilin Li, Zemin Wang, Qiangen Wu, James E Klaunig

The mode of action (MOA) underlying perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)-induced liver tumors in rats is proposed to involve peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonism. Despite clear PPARα activation evidence in rodent livers, the mechanisms driving cell growth remain elusive. Herein, we used dose-responsive apical endpoints and transcriptomic data to examine the proposed MOA. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 0, 1, 5, and 15 mg/kg PFOA for 7, 14, and 28 days via oral gavage. We showed PFOA induced hepatomegaly along with hepatocellular hypertrophy in rats. PPARα was activated in a dose-dependent manner. Toxicogenomic analysis revealed six early biomarkers (Cyp4a1, Nr1d1, Acot1, Acot2, Ehhadh, and Vnn1) in response to PPARα activation. A transient rise in hepatocellular DNA synthesis was demonstrated while Ki-67 labeling index showed no change. Transcriptomic analysis indicated no significant enrichment in pathways related to DNA synthesis, apoptosis, or the cell cycle. Key cyclins including Ccnd1, Ccnb1, Ccna2, and Ccne2 were dose-dependently suppressed by PFOA. Oxidative stress and the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway were unaffected. Overall, evidence for PFOA-induced hepatocellular proliferation was transient within the studied timeframe. Our findings underscore the importance of considering inter-species differences and chemical-specific effects when evaluating the carcinogenic risk of PFOA in humans.

全氟辛酸(PFOA)诱发大鼠肝脏肿瘤的作用模式(MOA)被认为涉及过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体α(PPARα)的激动作用。尽管在啮齿类动物肝脏中有明确的 PPARα 激活证据,但细胞生长的驱动机制仍然难以捉摸。在此,我们使用剂量反应性顶端终点和转录组数据来研究拟议的作用方式。雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠通过口服方式分别接受 0、1、5 和 15 mg/kg PFOA 治疗 7、14 和 28 天。结果表明,PFOA 可诱导大鼠肝脏肿大和肝细胞肥大。PPARα 以剂量依赖的方式被激活。毒物基因组分析显示,PPARα激活后会出现六种早期生物标志物(Cyp4a1、Nr1d1、Acot1、Acot2、Ehhadh和Vnn1)。肝细胞 DNA 合成出现短暂上升,而 Ki-67 标记指数没有变化。转录组分析表明,与 DNA 合成、细胞凋亡或细胞周期相关的通路没有明显的富集。包括 Ccnd1、Ccnb1、Ccna2 和 Ccne2 在内的关键细胞周期蛋白受到 PFOA 的剂量依赖性抑制。氧化应激和核因子-κB 信号通路未受影响。总之,在研究的时间范围内,PFOA 诱导肝细胞增殖的证据是短暂的。我们的研究结果强调,在评估全氟辛酸对人类的致癌风险时,必须考虑物种间的差异和特定化学品的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of hexavalent chromium on mitochondria and their implications in carcinogenesis. 六价铬对线粒体的影响及其在致癌过程中的意义。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2301899
Anish Alur, John Phillips, Dazhong Xu

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a well-known occupational and environmental human carcinogen. The cellular effect of Cr(VI) is complex and often nonspecific due to its ability to modulate multiple cellular targets. The toxicity of Cr(VI) is strongly linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during its reduction process. ROS can cause oxidation of cellular macromolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and DNA, thereby altering their functions. A major genotoxic effect of Cr(VI) that contributes to carcinogenesis is the formation of DNA adducts, which can lead to DNA damage. Modulations of cellular signaling pathways and epigenetics may also contribute to the carcinogenic effects of Cr(VI). Cr(VI) has a major impact on many aspects of mitochondrial biology, including oxidative phosphorylation, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. These effects have the potential to alter the trajectory of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenic process. This perspective article summarizes current understandings of the effect of Cr(VI) on mitochondria and discusses the future directions of research in this area, particularly with regard to carcinogenesis.

六价铬(Cr(VI))是一种众所周知的职业和环境致癌物质。由于六价铬能够调节多个细胞靶点,因此它对细胞的影响非常复杂,而且往往是非特异性的。六价铬的毒性与其还原过程中产生的活性氧(ROS)密切相关。ROS 可导致蛋白质、脂质和 DNA 等细胞大分子氧化,从而改变它们的功能。六价铬的一个主要致癌基因毒性作用是形成 DNA 加合物,从而导致 DNA 损伤。细胞信号传导途径和表观遗传学的改变也可能导致六价铬的致癌作用。六价铬对线粒体生物学的许多方面都有重大影响,包括氧化磷酸化、有丝分裂和线粒体生物生成。这些影响有可能改变六价铬诱导的致癌过程的轨迹。这篇透视文章总结了目前人们对六价铬对线粒体影响的认识,并讨论了这一领域未来的研究方向,特别是在致癌方面。
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引用次数: 0
PERform: assessing model performance with predictivity and explainability readiness formula. PERform:用预测性和可解释性准备公式评估模型性能。
IF 1.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2340391
Leihong Wu, Joshua Xu, Weida Tong

In the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence (AI), explainability has been traditionally assessed in a post-modeling process and is often subjective. In contrary, many quantitative metrics have been routinely used to assess a model's performance. We proposed a unified formular named PERForm, by incorporating explainability as a weight into the existing statistical metrics to provide an integrated and quantitative measure of both predictivity and explainability to guide model selection, application, and evaluation. PERForm was designed as a generic formula and can be applied to any data types. We applied PERForm on a range of diverse datasets, including DILIst, Tox21, and three MAQC-II benchmark datasets, using various modeling algorithms to predict a total of 73 distinct endpoints. For example, AdaBoost algorithms exhibited superior performance (PERForm AUC for AdaBoost is 0.129 where Linear regression is 0) in DILIst prediction, where linear regression outperformed other models in the majority of Tox21 endpoints (PERForm AUC for linear regression is 0.301 where AdaBoost is 0.283 in average). This research marks a significant step toward comprehensively evaluating the utility of an AI model to advance transparency and interpretability, where the tradeoff between a model's performance and its interpretability can have profound implications.

在快速发展的人工智能(AI)领域,可解释性历来是在建模后的过程中进行评估的,而且往往是主观的。与此相反,许多量化指标已被常规用于评估模型的性能。我们提出了一种名为 PERForm 的统一公式,将可解释性作为权重纳入现有的统计指标中,从而提供一种预测性和可解释性的综合定量指标,用于指导模型的选择、应用和评估。PERForm 设计为通用公式,可应用于任何数据类型。我们在一系列不同的数据集上应用了 PERForm,包括 DILIst、Tox21 和三个 MAQC-II 基准数据集,使用各种建模算法预测了总共 73 个不同的终点。例如,AdaBoost 算法在 DILIst 预测中表现出卓越的性能(AdaBoost 的 PERForm AUC 为 0.129,而线性回归为 0),而线性回归在大多数 Tox21 端点中的表现优于其他模型(线性回归的 PERForm AUC 为 0.301,而 AdaBoost 的平均值为 0.283)。这项研究标志着在全面评估人工智能模型的实用性以提高透明度和可解释性方面迈出了重要一步。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of clinical chemistry and hematological parameters in female Sprague-Dawley rats following a 7-day oral exposure to three different species of Echinacea. 评估雌性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠口服三种不同紫锥菊 7 天后的临床化学和血液学参数。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2325851
Suresh K Nagumalli, Joshua T Salley, Jeffrey D Carstens

Echinacea has grown in popularity due to its broad therapeutic benefits. Despite its popularity, comprehensive safety evaluations for three medicinal species are limited. In this study, female Sprague-Dawley rats received oral doses (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg/d) of 75% (v/v) ethanol extract from the aerial parts of 9 Echinacea samples of three species - Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia, and Echinacea pallida - over a 7-day period. Blood and serum samples, collected twenty-four hours post the final dose, were analyzed for hematology and clinical chemistry parameters. The results revealed varied effects across the tested samples, with many parameters showing no discernible impacts at administered doses. Subtle alterations were observed in parameters such as relative liver weight, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and platelet count. Parameters like relative spleen weight, alanine transaminase (ALT), glucose, urea, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and RBC count exhibited effects in only one out of the nine samples tested. These findings emphasize the heterogeneity in the effects of Echinacea. While the results suggest that Echinacea samples might be considered relatively safe, potential clinical implications warrant caution and underscore the importance of extended testing. A comprehensive toxicity profile assessment remains paramount to conclusively ascertain the safety of three Echinacea species.

紫锥花因其广泛的治疗功效而越来越受欢迎。尽管紫锥菊很受欢迎,但对这三种药用植物的全面安全性评估却很有限。在这项研究中,雌性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠在 7 天内分别口服了从 9 种紫锥菊样品(紫锥菊 Echinacea purpurea、狭叶紫锥菊 Echinacea angustifolia 和苍白紫锥菊 Echinacea pallida)的气生部分提取的 75% (v/v)乙醇提取物(0、25、50、100 和 200 mg/kg/d)。在最后一次给药后 24 小时采集的血液和血清样本进行了血液学和临床化学参数分析。结果显示,各种测试样本的效果各不相同,许多参数在给药剂量下没有明显影响。肝脏相对重量、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和血小板计数等参数发生了细微变化。脾脏相对重量、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、葡萄糖、尿素、血细胞比容、血红蛋白和红细胞计数等参数在九个测试样本中仅有一个出现影响。这些发现强调了紫锥菊作用的异质性。虽然结果表明紫锥菊样品可能被认为是相对安全的,但潜在的临床影响值得警惕,并强调了扩大测试范围的重要性。要最终确定三种紫锥菊的安全性,全面的毒性概况评估仍然是至关重要的。
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引用次数: 0
Protective effects of sitagliptin on methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. 西他列汀对甲氨蝶呤引起的大鼠肾毒性的保护作用
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2023.2186683
Leila Afkhami Fard, Hassan Malekinejad, Zeinab Esmaeilzadeh, Abbas Jafari, Mohammad Rafi Khezri, Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji

Methotrexate (MTX), a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressant agent, is widely used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and different types of cancers. However, its use has been limited by its life-threatening side effects, including nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of sitagliptin on methotrexate (MTX)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: control group, which received the vehicle for 6 days; MTX group, which received a single dose of MTX, followed by five daily doses of vehicle dosing; MTX + sitagliptin group, which received a single dose of MTX 1 h after the first sitagliptin treatment and six daily doses of sitagliptin; and sitagliptin group, which received sitagliptin for 6 days. Both MTX and sitagliptin were given as intraperitoneal injections at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. All rats were euthanized on the seventh day of the study. Kidney tissues were harvested and blood samples were collected. Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were evaluated. Furthermore, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in kidney tissue. In addition, histopathological analysis was conducted. Histopathological evaluation showed that MTX-induced marked kidney injury. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase of BUN and creatinine in the serum of the MTX group. Furthermore, oxidative stress and depressed antioxidant system of the kidney tissues were evident in the MTX group. Sitagliptin did not affect these endpoints when administered alone, but it significantly attenuated the observed MTX-induced effects. These results suggest that sitagliptin exhibits potent anti-oxidant properties against the nephrotoxicity induced by MTX in rats.

甲氨蝶呤(MTX)是一种细胞毒性化疗药和免疫抑制剂,被广泛用于治疗自身免疫性疾病和各种癌症。然而,其危及生命的副作用(包括肾毒性和肝毒性)限制了它的使用。本研究旨在探讨西他列汀对甲氨蝶呤(MTX)诱导的大鼠肾毒性的保护作用。24只大鼠被分为四组:对照组,接受为期6天的载体治疗;MTX组,接受单剂量MTX治疗,之后每天接受5次载体治疗;MTX+西他列汀组,在第一次西他列汀治疗后1小时接受单剂量MTX治疗,之后每天接受6次西他列汀治疗;西他列汀组,接受为期6天的西他列汀治疗。MTX 和西他列汀均以 20 毫克/千克体重的剂量腹腔注射。所有大鼠均在研究的第七天安乐死。采集肾脏组织和血液样本。评估血清中的血尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐水平。此外,还测定了肾组织中的过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛(MDA)水平。此外,还进行了组织病理学分析。组织病理学评估显示,MTX 引发了明显的肾损伤。生化分析显示,MTX 组血清中的尿素氮和肌酐明显升高。此外,MTX 组肾脏组织的氧化应激和抗氧化系统明显受到抑制。西他列汀单独给药时不会影响这些终点,但却能显著减轻观察到的MTX诱导效应。这些结果表明,西他列汀对MTX诱导的大鼠肾毒性具有有效的抗氧化作用。
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引用次数: 0
Dietary exposure to thyroid disrupting chemicals: a community-based study in Canada. 甲状腺干扰化学物质的膳食暴露:一项基于加拿大社区的研究。
IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2023.2174763
Nicole Babichuk, Atanu Sarkar, Shree Mulay, John Knight, Edward Randell

The marine ecosystem around the Island of Newfoundland is contaminated by thyroid disrupting chemicals (TDCs). Coastal inhabitants may be exposed to TDCs through consumption of contaminated local seafood products and affecting thyroid functions. The aim of this study was to explore: (1) consumption frequency of local seafood products consumed by rural residents, (2) thyroid hormones (THs) and TDCs concentrations in residents, (3) relationships between local seafood consumption, TDC concentrations, and THs. Participants (n = 80) were recruited from two rural Newfoundland communities. Seafood consumption was measured through a validated seafood consumption questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from all participants and tested for THs (thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine) and TDCs, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE). Cod was the most frequently consumed local species, but there was a wide range of other local species consumed. Older participants (>50 years) had greater plasma concentrations of PBB-153, PCBs and p,p'-DDE, and males had higher concentrations of all TDCs than females. The consumption frequency of local cod was found to be positively associated with several PCB congeners, p,p'-DDE and ∑14TDCs. There was no significant relationship between TDCs and THs in either simple or multivariate linear regression analyses.

纽芬兰岛周围的海洋生态系统受到甲状腺干扰化学物(TDCs)的污染。沿海居民可能会通过食用受污染的本地海鲜产品而接触到 TDCs,从而影响甲状腺功能。本研究旨在探讨:(1)农村居民食用当地海鲜产品的频率;(2)居民体内的甲状腺激素(THs)和TDCs浓度;(3)当地海鲜食用量、TDC浓度和THs之间的关系。参与者(n = 80)来自纽芬兰省的两个农村社区。海鲜消费通过有效的海鲜消费问卷进行测量。采集了所有参与者的血液样本,并对 THs(促甲状腺激素、游离甲状腺素、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸)和 TDCs(包括多溴联苯醚 (PBDEs)、多氯联苯 (PCBs)、多溴联苯 (PBBs) 和二氯二苯二氯乙烯 (p,p'-DDE) )进行了检测。鳕鱼是最常食用的本地鱼种,但也食用多种其他本地鱼种。年龄较大的参与者(50 岁以上)血浆中 PBB-153、多氯联苯和 p,p'-DDE 的浓度较高,男性血浆中所有 TDC 的浓度均高于女性。研究发现,本地鳕鱼的食用频率与几种多氯联苯同系物、p,p'-DDE 和 ∑14TDCs 呈正相关。在简单或多元线性回归分析中,TDCs 与 THs 之间均无明显关系。
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Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Toxicology and Carcinogenesis
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