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TURNING PERCEPTIVE VOCABULARY INTO CONTEXT VOCABULARY IN BUSINESS ENGLISH 商务英语中感知词汇转化为语境词汇
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(2)021
Cristina-Laura Abrudan, I. Horea
Language is made up of five basic components: morphology, phonology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Morphology in linguistics represents the study of the words, how they are formed and their relationship with other words in the same language; phonology involves the rules regarding the structure of the speech sounds and their sequence; syntax is the study of morphemes and how they form larger units; pragmatics involves the rules for appropriate and effective communication; semantics deals with vocabulary and the way concepts are expressed through words. Thus, vocabulary is one of the constituent elements of the language. Words carry meaning and have their own energy representing the building blocks of communication. According to the context they are used in, their meaning differs, therefore, vocabulary acquisition is crucial when talking about English for Specific Purposes, in our situation, Business English. But how is vocabulary acquisition in second language done? Vocabulary building often occurs through reading, however, it is unlikely for the students in foreign language to acquire the basic specific vocabulary through reading. The present paper deals with the strategies a Business English teacher approaches in order to assist students to learn vocabulary as well as to equip them with methods to turn perceptive vocabulary into context vocabulary. How can vocabulary be taught efficiently? How can teacher provide learners the needed input in order to shift vocabulary from input to output? How can teachers introduce vocabulary in order for optimal retention to be ensured? These are some the questions the present paper addresses.
语言由五个基本组成部分组成:词法、音系、句法、语义和语用。形态学在语言学中代表了对单词的研究,它们是如何形成的,以及它们与同一语言中其他单词的关系;音系学涉及有关语音结构及其顺序的规则;语法是研究语素以及它们如何构成更大的单位;语用学涉及适当和有效的交际规则;语义学研究词汇和概念通过词汇表达的方式。因此,词汇是语言的组成要素之一。文字承载着意义,有自己的能量,代表着沟通的基石。根据使用语境的不同,它们的含义也不同,因此,在我们所说的商务英语中,词汇习得是非常重要的。但是第二语言词汇是如何习得的呢?词汇的积累往往是通过阅读来实现的,然而,外语学生不太可能通过阅读来获得基本的特定词汇。本文探讨了商务英语教师在帮助学生学习词汇以及将感知词汇转化为语境词汇方面所采取的策略。如何有效地教授词汇?教师如何为学习者提供所需的输入,以便将词汇从输入转换为输出?教师如何引入词汇,以确保最佳的记忆?这是本文要探讨的一些问题。
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引用次数: 0
TERRITORIAL MOBILITY OF THE ROMANIAN POPULATION. CAUSES AND EFFECTS 罗马尼亚人口的领土流动性。因果关系
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(2)006
Ioana Manuela Mîndrican, Elena Matei
For the first time in human history, more people are living in urban areas than in rural areas. Every year, millions of people decide to leave their rural homes and migrate to cities across the country or even across the border. Most of these people want to move to seek new job opportunities and, of course, to improve their lives, while others are forced to migrate because of sudden or slow-onset conflicts or natural disasters, such as rising sea levels, droughts and floods, which are often exacerbated by climate change and environmental stress. In addition, rural populations, whose livelihoods depend to a large extent on agriculture, are particularly vulnerable to pressures from migration. This article aims to provide an overview of rural-urban migration in Romania, detailing the causes and effects of this process. Romanian citizens from rural areas move to the country’s big cities to enjoy the facilities offered by urban areas. In the current context, migration is the population’s impulse from one topographical location to another, thus connecting temporary or permanent settlements. However, this process, like any other, brings with it both positive and negative economic, social and demographic consequences, which will be discussed in detail in this article.
在人类历史上,第一次有更多的人生活在城市而不是农村地区。每年,数以百万计的人决定离开农村的家园,移民到全国各地的城市,甚至越过边境。其中大多数人是为了寻找新的工作机会,当然,也是为了改善他们的生活,而其他人则是由于突发或缓慢发生的冲突或自然灾害(如海平面上升、干旱和洪水)而被迫迁移,这些灾害往往因气候变化和环境压力而加剧。此外,生计在很大程度上依赖农业的农村人口特别容易受到移徙的压力。本文旨在概述罗马尼亚的农村-城市移民,详细说明这一过程的原因和影响。罗马尼亚农村居民搬到大城市享受城市提供的设施。在目前的情况下,迁移是人口从一个地形位置到另一个地形位置的冲动,从而连接临时或永久定居点。然而,与任何其他进程一样,这一进程带来了积极和消极的经济、社会和人口后果,这将在本文中详细讨论。
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引用次数: 0
FINANCIAL REPORTING IN A EUROPEAN SINGLE ELECTRONIC FORMAT 欧洲单一电子格式的财务报告
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(2)010
Cati-Loredana DUMITRU (SOARE)
Companies with securities traded on a regulated market prepare financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and must take into account the European Single Electronic Format (ESEF) reporting requirement. was postponed by one year in 2021, coming into force for the reporting period beginning on or after the 1st of January 2021. Therefore, according to the European regulatory framework, sole proprietorships that have securities traded on a regulated market must prepare in full the annual financial statements in the Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (xHTML) format. This article aims to show what ESEF reporting is and the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), which are the benefits of digital business reporting and the opportunities that arise from using XBRL.
在受监管的市场上交易证券的公司按照国际财务报告准则(IFRS)编制财务报表,必须考虑到欧洲单一电子格式(ESEF)报告要求。于2021年推迟一年,在2021年1月1日或之后开始的报告期生效。因此,根据欧洲监管框架,在受监管的市场上进行证券交易的独资企业必须以可扩展超文本标记语言(xHTML)格式编制完整的年度财务报表。本文旨在说明什么是ESEF报告和可扩展业务报告语言(eXtensible Business reporting Language, XBRL),它们是数字业务报告的好处,以及使用XBRL带来的机会。
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引用次数: 1
SURVEY OF THE TOURIST ATTRACTION OF THE CITY OF HAJDÚSZOBOSZLÓ 城市旅游景点调查hajdÚszoboszlÓ
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(2)002
Anita Kádár, M. Csipkés
The research presents the tourist attraction of the city of Hajdúszoboszló and the development of tourism within the city. We also made a comparison with the national tourist data in the case of Hajdúszoboszló. The study of the topic is topical, as tourism has undergone tremendous changes not only nationally but also globally in the last two years as a result of the global pandemic epidemic. At the end of the research, the pandemic situation had weakened, but its direct and indirect effects were still felt to a small extent in tourism. That is why we have reviewed the overall development of tourism in the world and in Europe in recent times. We also reviewed the essential features of domestic tourism. We have also summarized in detail the measures aimed at alleviating the sector’s downturns and facilitating the boom in tourism. For these reasons, we examined the factors influencing the holiday in Hajdúszoboszló among the guests (holiday) staying in the city in the framework of our own questionnaire survey. How the guests planned to spend their vacation, which city attractions and locations are the biggest attraction for them in Hajdúszoboszló.The aggregate results of the survey are compared with a similar recent survey by the Tourinform office. The Tourinform survey was more widely conducted (due to financial factors). The survey from the Tourinfo office is representative. The conclusions drawn from the results of the two studies adequately show the development of tourism in the city.
研究了Hajdúszoboszló城市的旅游吸引力和城市内旅游业的发展。我们还以Hajdúszoboszló为例与全国旅游数据进行了比较。研究这一专题是一个热门话题,因为在过去两年中,由于全球流行病的流行,旅游业不仅在全国而且在全球都发生了巨大变化。在研究结束时,疫情已经减弱,但其对旅游业的直接和间接影响仍然很小。这就是为什么我们回顾了近年来世界和欧洲旅游业的总体发展。我们还回顾了国内旅游的基本特征。我们还详细概述了旨在缓解旅游业低迷和促进旅游业繁荣的措施。基于这些原因,我们在我们自己的问卷调查的框架下,对在Hajdúszoboszló度假的客人(假期)的影响因素进行了调查。客人计划如何度过他们的假期,哪些城市景点和地点对他们最有吸引力Hajdúszoboszló。该调查的总体结果与Tourinform办公室最近进行的类似调查进行了比较。Tourinform的调查范围更广(由于财政因素)。Tourinfo办公室的调查具有代表性。从这两项研究的结果中得出的结论充分显示了该城市旅游业的发展。
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引用次数: 0
THE IMPACT OF THE CRISIS CAUSED BY THE COVID-19 INFECTION ON THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 新冠肺炎疫情对营商环境的影响
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.47535/http://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(2)005
Cosmina-Ioana DRĂGAN-CODREAN, Andreea-Florina Fora
This paper intends to analyze how the crisis produced by the Covid-19 infection has influenced the employees, respectively the employers. Thus, we try to see if they still approach the workplace, working hours, etc. in the same way or if their perception has been decisively influenced by this crisis. Certainly, there is an impact on the business environment around the world, respectively in Romania. Thus, employers and employees, like the whole world, had to adapt and reorganize in the given conditions. Some views support the theory that, for employers and employees respectively, nothing will be the same, and the approach and expectations of both parties will be different. Other views argue that this crisis will not cause major changes in perception on the subject. Be that as it may, through this paper we try to analyze in what way and above all, what changes this crisis has produced on the employees, respectively the employers. For the most part, for the employee, the workplace is the place from where he procures an important part or even all of his financial resources. Besides, the workplace is also the place where he can prove his skills acquired in school, the place where he socialises, the place where he develops professionally and not only that. The employer, in general, wants a competent and efficient employee. Both regarding employees and employers, the crisis caused by the Covid-19 infection has produced important changes that we will study in the analysis below. The business environment around the world has seen changes with the situation caused by this crisis that has faced all of humanity. Also, before analyzing, in broad terms, the impact on the business environment, we must observe how people saw the involvement, from a diplomatic point of view, in Romania’s economic development. Economic development must also be supported at the diplomatic level, not only through the other available levers.
本文旨在分析由Covid-19感染产生的危机如何影响员工,分别是雇主。因此,我们试图看看他们是否仍然以同样的方式对待工作场所,工作时间等,或者他们的看法是否受到这场危机的决定性影响。当然,这对世界各地的商业环境都有影响,尤其是罗马尼亚。因此,雇主和雇员,像整个世界一样,必须在给定的条件下适应和重组。一些观点支持这样一种理论,即对于雇主和雇员来说,没有什么是相同的,双方的方法和期望会有所不同。其他观点认为,这场危机不会导致人们对这一问题的看法发生重大变化。尽管如此,通过本文,我们试图分析这场危机对雇员,即雇主产生了什么样的变化。在大多数情况下,对于员工来说,工作场所是他获得重要部分甚至全部财务资源的地方。此外,工作场所也是他可以证明他在学校获得的技能的地方,是他社交的地方,是他职业发展的地方,不仅如此。一般来说,雇主想要一个有能力、有效率的雇员。对于员工和雇主而言,Covid-19感染引发的危机产生了重要变化,我们将在下面的分析中研究这些变化。随着这场全人类面临的危机所造成的局势,世界各地的商业环境发生了变化。此外,在从广义上分析对商业环境的影响之前,我们必须观察人们如何从外交角度看待参与罗马尼亚经济发展。经济发展也必须在外交一级得到支持,而不仅仅是通过其他可用的手段。
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引用次数: 0
FROM GENERAL TO PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH – CURRICULUM, STUDENTS, TRAINERS 从普通英语到专业英语——课程、学生、培训师
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(2)022
Monica-Ariana Sim, A. Pop
The present study is an attempt to offer a bird’s eye view into the relationship between professional English, meaning English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and English for General Purposes (EGP) or 6General English (GE), stressing the difficulties that may appear on the road. There are opinion discrepancies regarding the differences that exist/do not exist between Business English teaching and General English teaching. Therefore, the general purposes and distinctive features are examined to draw a parallel between ESP and EGP to present their common and specific characteristics.
本研究试图对专业英语,即特殊用途英语(ESP)和通用英语(EGP)或通用英语(GE)之间的关系提供一个鸟瞰,强调在道路上可能出现的困难。关于商务英语教学与普通英语教学之间存在/不存在的差异,存在着不同的观点。因此,本文考察了ESP和EGP的一般目的和各自的特点,并将它们进行了比较,以揭示它们的共同特点和各自的特点。
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引用次数: 0
INDICATORS AND 3R-TYPE MEASURES IN OVERCOMING FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES OF COMPANIES 企业克服财务困难的指标和3r型对策
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(2)015
Luminița Rus, Daniela Zapodeanu, C. Scorţe, Sorina MOCIAR-COROIU
n the economic life of companies, various financial difficulties can appear, regardless of their object of activity, domain, geographical area, or geopolitical context. The economic reality proved that managing individual difficulties one at a time has little chance of succeeding; because of this, there are international concerns in establishing the regulatory framework and identifying instruments to ensure that the firm can overcome the financial difficulty. Concerns in this sense have been explicitly mentioned for the first time by the World Bank when Principles for effective insolvency and creditor/debtor regime were established in 2001. Recently, the European Parliament has elaborated the EU Directive 2019/1023 regarding the framework of preventive restructuring, debt remittance, and forfeiture of law, besides measures to increase the efficiency of restructuring procedures, insolvency, and debt remittance, which modifies the EU Directive 2017/1132 regarding restructuring and insolvency. While implementing the EU Directive of restructuring in national legislation, the paper analyses and synthesizes the measures of reorganizing and recovering companies while also considering the required legislative instruments. From a practical aspect, the authors’ contribution concretizes in a set of economic and financial indicators that warn/reveal the state of financial difficulty of companies. Establishing these indicators represents technical aspects that need to be clarified by the national law and the EU Directive, and it constitutes the challenge of readjusting the companies. The faster the intervention, the bigger the chances of salvaging the company. Interest in this topic is growing, given the temporary suspension of the activities of many companies caused by several factors. In the context of the measures taken to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic and increase the costs of raw materials, gas, and energy, the economic evolution is unpredictable and challenging. Considering that we are in the process of modifying the national legislation, the proposed set of indicators cannot be verified on the level of companies that encounter financial difficulties. Therefore, applying and practically verifying these economic and financial indicators will be the subject of subsequent research.
在公司的经济生活中,无论其活动对象、领域、地理区域或地缘政治背景如何,都可能出现各种各样的财务困难。经济现实证明,一次解决一个人的困难几乎没有成功的机会;正因为如此,国际社会关注建立监管框架和确定工具,以确保公司能够克服财务困难。世界银行在2001年制定有效破产原则和债权人/债务人制度时,首次明确提到了这方面的关切。最近,欧洲议会制定了关于预防性重组、债务汇款和没收法律框架的欧盟指令2019/1023,以及提高重组程序、破产和债务汇款效率的措施,该指令修改了关于重组和破产的欧盟指令2017/1132。在国家立法中实施欧盟重组指令的同时,分析和综合了企业重组和恢复的措施,同时也考虑了所需要的立法工具。从实践的角度来看,作者的贡献具体体现在一套经济和金融指标上,这些指标可以警告/揭示公司的财务困难状况。建立这些指标是需要由国家法律和欧盟指令澄清的技术方面,它构成了重新调整公司的挑战。干预得越快,挽救公司的机会就越大。由于一些因素导致许多公司的活动暂时暂停,人们对这个话题的兴趣越来越大。在采取措施预防COVID-19大流行和提高原材料、天然气和能源成本的背景下,经济演变是不可预测的,具有挑战性。考虑到我们正在修改国家立法,所提出的一套指标无法在遇到财务困难的公司层面进行验证。因此,如何应用并实际验证这些经济金融指标将是后续研究的课题。
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引用次数: 0
SMEs FINANCING – AN OVERVIEW OF DIRECT FINANCING ON CAPITAL MARKET VS. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 中小企业融资——资本市场与金融机构直接融资的综述
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(2)009
Ioana-Carmen BOZINTAN (COSMA-GULER)
The importance of the role played by SMEs in the global economy and their contribution to job creation, added value, innovation and growth is widely acknowledged, therefore it is extremely necessary to support their development. In order to be competitive, SMEs also rely on external financing, not only through financial institutions but also through direct participation in the capital market. Managers place great emphasis on financing their businesses, and most of the European companies relying primarily on bank loans as their most important source of founding, unlike in the United States of America, where the activity of stock exchanges is much more developed. This paper aims to study a shared analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of SMEs in Romania regarding financing through financial institutions vs direct participation in the capital market.
中小企业在全球经济中发挥着重要作用,在创造就业、增加附加值、创新和增长等方面发挥着重要作用,这是举世公认的,支持中小企业发展十分必要。为了保持竞争力,中小企业也依赖外部融资,不仅通过金融机构融资,还通过直接参与资本市场融资。经理们非常重视为他们的企业融资,大多数欧洲公司主要依靠银行贷款作为他们最重要的资金来源,不像美国,那里的股票交易活动要发达得多。本文旨在研究罗马尼亚中小企业通过金融机构融资与直接参与资本市场融资的优势和劣势的共享分析。
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引用次数: 0
THE NOTORIETY OF BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS IN THE FIELD OF MARKETING 文献计量分析在市场营销领域的恶名
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(2)024
A. Popa, Naiana Țarcă, Simona Aurelia Bodog, D. Sasu, R. Roșca
Bibliometric research has recently gained much interest from academics seeking to investigate a particular topic. This study aims to explore the interest of marketing specialists in investigating marketing-related topics using bibliometric analysis. The paper includes the following sections: general information about bibliometric analysis, research methodology and how the database of articles was designed, data analysis results, conclusions and other insights. In this study, we considered the Scopus database for selecting the set of scientific papers. The applications used in the data analysis process are VOSviewer and QDA Miner. To achieve the purpose of the research, we analysed the productivity and impact of countries, journals and papers on the topic of bibliometric analysis in marketing. We also tried to identify the marketing-related concepts that generated the most interest from the specialists in their bibliometric analysis. The study aims to highlight the favorite topics related to marketing that specialists are interested in exploring through bibliometric research.
文献计量学研究最近引起了学者们的极大兴趣,他们试图调查一个特定的主题。本研究旨在探讨行销专家使用文献计量分析调查行销相关主题的兴趣。本文包括以下部分:文献计量分析的一般信息,研究方法和文章数据库的设计,数据分析结果,结论和其他见解。在本研究中,我们考虑了Scopus数据库来选择科学论文集。在数据分析过程中使用的应用程序是VOSviewer和QDA Miner。为了达到研究的目的,我们分析了国家、期刊和论文对市场营销中文献计量分析主题的生产力和影响。我们还试图找出在文献计量学分析中引起专家最感兴趣的与市场营销相关的概念。该研究旨在突出与市场营销相关的最受欢迎的主题,专家们有兴趣通过文献计量研究来探索。
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引用次数: 0
MIGRATION OF MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS IN HUNGARIAN HEALTHCARE SECTOR – LITERATURE REVIEW 匈牙利医疗保健部门医疗专业人员的迁移——文献综述
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(2)008
Ivana KOCSICSKA IVANA
Medical migration is a global phenomenon, an important challenge of globalization and the current global economic trend, which plays a critical role in the operation and maintenance of healthcare systems. This applies to Hungary as well, the migration of health professionals has been a problem that has seriously threatened the Hungarian healthcare system for at least 20 years. In my research, I conducted an integrative literature review of 8 scientific articles about the migration of Hungarian healthcare professionals published in the last 5 years (2018-2022), which I found in the PubMed and ScienceDirect publication databases. The aim of my review study is to provide a complete and satisfactory summary of the literature examining and analyzing the current migration trend in Hungarian healthcare, as this way, even with the lack of the official statistical data, we can gain insight into the current situation. Examining the profile of migration, it can be seen that the situation is most critical in the professions of internal medicine, family medicine, and infant and pediatric medicine in terms of medical specialization, while and in terms of country provision and demographics, there is the most prominent shortage of specialists in Békés, Nógrád, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok, Tolna and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg counties compared to other counties. The labor crisis in Hungarian primary healthcare is gradually escalating and also within ten years, Hungary will face a severe shortage of pediatricians. Optimizing the working conditions of healthcare workers is a political and social interest, which would probably take a long time, but could ensure high-quality care in the long run. One of the most important conclusions of the review is that Hungarian healthcare workers abroad left primarily because of better quality of life and more favorable financial conditions, but some of the research results showed, that changes in these conditions at home would encourage them to return home.
医疗迁移是一种全球性现象,是全球化和当前全球经济趋势的重要挑战,对医疗系统的运行和维护起着至关重要的作用。这也适用于匈牙利,至少20年来,卫生专业人员的移民一直是严重威胁匈牙利卫生保健系统的一个问题。在我的研究中,我对过去5年(2018-2022年)发表的8篇关于匈牙利医疗保健专业人员移民的科学文章进行了综合文献综述,这些文章是我在PubMed和ScienceDirect出版数据库中找到的。我的回顾研究的目的是提供一个完整和令人满意的文献总结检查和分析匈牙利医疗保健目前的移民趋势,因为这样,即使缺乏官方统计数据,我们也可以深入了解当前的情况。研究移徙情况可以看出,就医疗专业化而言,内科、家庭医学、婴幼儿医学等专业的情况最为严重,而就国家供应和人口统计而言,与其他县相比,b卡姆萨斯、Nógrád、Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok、托尔纳和Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg县的专家短缺最为突出。匈牙利初级保健的劳工危机正在逐步升级,而且在十年内,匈牙利将面临儿科医生的严重短缺。优化医护人员的工作条件是一项政治和社会利益,这可能需要很长时间,但从长远来看可以确保高质量的护理。审查的一个最重要的结论是,匈牙利保健工作者在国外的主要原因是更好的生活质量和更有利的经济条件,但一些研究结果表明,国内这些条件的变化将鼓励他们回国。
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引用次数: 0
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Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science
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