Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(1)041
Aniko Kuntz, Cristina Driha
Given the public and permanent nature, of the public utility services, as a continuous operation, coupled with the dynamics of changes in technology, communication, labor market and last but not least the many changes in recent years of legislation and tax regulations in Romania, lead to increased pressure on decision-makers in the field of public utility services with an impact on housing. This topic was chosen in the context of the economic realities in Romania in the field of public utility services with an impact on housing, an area that reflects the ongoing concerns for a development that will ensure technological reform and integration into European financial structures. It is of real interest for any entity in the field of public utility services with an impact on housing concerned about the need to implement a decision-making and financial mechanism that provides a clear and relevant picture of the performance of services provided. In this context, the opinion of the International Water Association Group of Specialists that “benchmarking is a tool for improving performance through systematic research and best practice” has motivated many water companies to introduce benchmarking as a method of management. This article provides an overview of benchmarking as a water management technique for European Benchmarking Co-operation (EBC) compared to the national benchmarking exercise called H2Obenchmark. Due to the fact that both are based on the methodology developed by the International Water Association (IWA), the most important advantage of these benchmarking techniques is that they ensure comparability at any time with any water company in the world that uses the same system. By ensuring the opportunity for knowledge transfer, operators are able to identify and implement best practices and innovative solutions to the realities they face in the field of management, operations and investment projects. The brief diagnosis of water benchmarking in Romania highlights the fact that H2OBenchmark is a mature benchmarking exercise, with experience gained and maintained both in the water sector (ARA, CEB, OR, ANRSC, etc.) and partner consultants.
{"title":"A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF BENCHMARKING AS A MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUE IN THE FIELD OF WATER IN ROMANIA","authors":"Aniko Kuntz, Cristina Driha","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes31(1)041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(1)041","url":null,"abstract":"Given the public and permanent nature, of the public utility services, as a continuous operation, coupled with the dynamics of changes in technology, communication, labor market and last but not least the many changes in recent years of legislation and tax regulations in Romania, lead to increased pressure on decision-makers in the field of public utility services with an impact on housing. This topic was chosen in the context of the economic realities in Romania in the field of public utility services with an impact on housing, an area that reflects the ongoing concerns for a development that will ensure technological reform and integration into European financial structures. It is of real interest for any entity in the field of public utility services with an impact on housing concerned about the need to implement a decision-making and financial mechanism that provides a clear and relevant picture of the performance of services provided. In this context, the opinion of the International Water Association Group of Specialists that “benchmarking is a tool for improving performance through systematic research and best practice” has motivated many water companies to introduce benchmarking as a method of management. This article provides an overview of benchmarking as a water management technique for European Benchmarking Co-operation (EBC) compared to the national benchmarking exercise called H2Obenchmark. Due to the fact that both are based on the methodology developed by the International Water Association (IWA), the most important advantage of these benchmarking techniques is that they ensure comparability at any time with any water company in the world that uses the same system. By ensuring the opportunity for knowledge transfer, operators are able to identify and implement best practices and innovative solutions to the realities they face in the field of management, operations and investment projects. The brief diagnosis of water benchmarking in Romania highlights the fact that H2OBenchmark is a mature benchmarking exercise, with experience gained and maintained both in the water sector (ARA, CEB, OR, ANRSC, etc.) and partner consultants.","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84237591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(1)042
Adriana Manolicǎ, Irina Ceban, Nurit ROZOLYO-BEN-HAMOZEG, Eliza Hopșa
We live in a digital society where people can use their smartphones daily and just by a click, everything can be controlled and performed. As long as our world improves we as humans strive to find out more about life and the meaning of it. Every day we create new connections, share emotions with family and friends, but do we have time to think about the meaning of our lives? This research aims to explore how Z Generation consumers understand their meaning in life. Z Generation, with the help of technologies, are more capable to look for different definitions about this concept than other generations. The purpose of our paper is to understand better the opinion of the Z Generation about this subject and how their choice as consumers is affected by their perception. The results and conclusions are obtained with the help of a qualitative research conducted on students of Iasi universities with a focus on their perceptions and opinions regarding the meaning of life.
{"title":"THE MEANING OF LIFE AT 20 YEARS OLD. GENERATION Z CONSUMERS","authors":"Adriana Manolicǎ, Irina Ceban, Nurit ROZOLYO-BEN-HAMOZEG, Eliza Hopșa","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes31(1)042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(1)042","url":null,"abstract":"We live in a digital society where people can use their smartphones daily and just by a click, everything can be controlled and performed. As long as our world improves we as humans strive to find out more about life and the meaning of it. Every day we create new connections, share emotions with family and friends, but do we have time to think about the meaning of our lives? This research aims to explore how Z Generation consumers understand their meaning in life. Z Generation, with the help of technologies, are more capable to look for different definitions about this concept than other generations. The purpose of our paper is to understand better the opinion of the Z Generation about this subject and how their choice as consumers is affected by their perception. The results and conclusions are obtained with the help of a qualitative research conducted on students of Iasi universities with a focus on their perceptions and opinions regarding the meaning of life.","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82803518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(1)002
Afrodita Borma
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic and unprecedented impact on the tourism sector, drastically reducing tourism flows and, therefore, the revenues of businesses in this sector. International, regional and local travel restrictions immediately affected national economies, including tourism systems, international travel, domestic tourism, air transport, public transport, accommodation, restaurants, festivals, sports events etc. Beyond the immediate shock, the tourism sector faces other, longer-term challenges, related to its green and digital transformation, its competitiveness, its sustainability and its resilience (according to ECA, Special Report 27 p.4) The paper presents an analysis of tourism in Romania during the 2019-2021 period, based on the analysis of the main indicators and the presentation of the solutions proposed by the European Union to recover the tourism sector. The multiannual financial framework for the 2021-2027 period comprises a number of 14 programs designed to finance actions in the tourism sector and the Recovery and Resilience Mechanism (RRM) provides Member States with the opportunity to finance investments and reforms, including in the tourism sector. Romania’s National Recovery and Resilience Plan approved by the Commission in September 2021 focuses, in particular, on digitizing services, increasing responsiveness and ensuring institutional resilience at national level. Furthermore, through the S.O.S. Romanian Tourism, the Alliance for Tourism (APT) presents us with two important objectives: helping tourism out of the critical state in which it currently is and resetting the entire hospitality industry, as well as the measures taken to achieve the proposed objectives.
{"title":"THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN ROMANIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"Afrodita Borma","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes31(1)002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(1)002","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic and unprecedented impact on the tourism sector, drastically reducing tourism flows and, therefore, the revenues of businesses in this sector. International, regional and local travel restrictions immediately affected national economies, including tourism systems, international travel, domestic tourism, air transport, public transport, accommodation, restaurants, festivals, sports events etc. Beyond the immediate shock, the tourism sector faces other, longer-term challenges, related to its green and digital transformation, its competitiveness, its sustainability and its resilience (according to ECA, Special Report 27 p.4)\u0000\u0000The paper presents an analysis of tourism in Romania during the 2019-2021 period, based on the analysis of the main indicators and the presentation of the solutions proposed by the European Union to recover the tourism sector. The multiannual financial framework for the 2021-2027 period comprises a number of 14 programs designed to finance actions in the tourism sector and the Recovery and Resilience Mechanism (RRM) provides Member States with the opportunity to finance investments and reforms, including in the tourism sector. Romania’s National Recovery and Resilience Plan approved by the Commission in September 2021 focuses, in particular, on digitizing services, increasing responsiveness and ensuring institutional resilience at national level. Furthermore, through the S.O.S. Romanian Tourism, the Alliance for Tourism (APT) presents us with two important objectives: helping tourism out of the critical state in which it currently is and resetting the entire hospitality industry, as well as the measures taken to achieve the proposed objectives.","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81990679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(1)029
I. Horea, Cristina-Laura Abrudan
Business English, as we know it today, is a part of the field of English for Specific Purposes, having two distinct areas: English for General Business Purposes and English for Specific Business Purposes. Both these areas are facing a rapid growth, with an increasing demand for teaching materials and improvement. Nowadays teachers face the challenge of developing not only general speech habits for their students but also rhetoric skills in order for the negotiations to be effective. The complex economic and political scene worldwide requires specific abilities for sophisticated communication. Thus, the teaching of the speaking skill has become increasingly important. Two decades ago, the accuracy of the students’ language would most likely tend to be the major criterion whereas nowadays educators and researchers alike have come to the conclusion that communicative competence entails not only grammatical accuracy but also some other factors such as: sociocultural rules of appropriateness, discourse norms, and strategies for a rhetoric approach of the skills. Some applied linguists consider that the communicative competence comprises the following elements: grammatical or linguistic competence, socio-cultural competence, discourse competence and strategic competence. The present paper tries to express some of our ideas regarding the question: How can teachers of Business English improve their students’ communication skills?
{"title":"COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN BUSINESS ENGLISH","authors":"I. Horea, Cristina-Laura Abrudan","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes31(1)029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(1)029","url":null,"abstract":"Business English, as we know it today, is a part of the field of English for Specific Purposes, having two distinct areas: English for General Business Purposes and English for Specific Business Purposes. Both these areas are facing a rapid growth, with an increasing demand for teaching materials and improvement. Nowadays teachers face the challenge of developing not only general speech habits for their students but also rhetoric skills in order for the negotiations to be effective. The complex economic and political scene worldwide requires specific abilities for sophisticated communication. Thus, the teaching of the speaking skill has become increasingly important. Two decades ago, the accuracy of the students’ language would most likely tend to be the major criterion whereas nowadays educators and researchers alike have come to the conclusion that communicative competence entails not only grammatical accuracy but also some other factors such as: sociocultural rules of appropriateness, discourse norms, and strategies for a rhetoric approach of the skills. Some applied linguists consider that the communicative competence comprises the following elements: grammatical or linguistic competence, socio-cultural competence, discourse competence and strategic competence. The present paper tries to express some of our ideas regarding the question: How can teachers of Business English improve their students’ communication skills?","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83688666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(1)004
M. Faur, Olimpia I. Ban
The increasing competitiveness between local, regional, national and international tourism destinations has determined the parties involved in the tourism industry (local, central authorities, tourism service providers) to initiate a series of actions that would contribute to the diversification of tourism offers and obtaining economic advantages and not only. In this regard, destination management organizations have responded to the need of stakeholders by providing some opportunities for the development of the tourism destination. Among the activities performed by the destination management organizations the following can be mentioned: the elaboration of some plans for the sustainable development of tourism activities in a certain tourism area, the collaboration with the providers of tourism services, the identification of some competitive advantages, the promotion of the image of the tourism destination and the creation of a brand image, the provision of information to all stakeholders, the creation of some authentic tourism products, which would offer unique experiences to tourists, ensuring the well-being of the local community and offering strategic alternatives, which would ensure the sustainability of tourism activities. This paper aims to provide insight into the role of tourism destination management organizations.
{"title":"THE ROLE OF TOURISM DESTINATION MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM ACTIVITIES","authors":"M. Faur, Olimpia I. Ban","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes31(1)004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(1)004","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing competitiveness between local, regional, national and international tourism destinations has determined the parties involved in the tourism industry (local, central authorities, tourism service providers) to initiate a series of actions that would contribute to the diversification of tourism offers and obtaining economic advantages and not only. In this regard, destination management organizations have responded to the need of stakeholders by providing some opportunities for the development of the tourism destination. Among the activities performed by the destination management organizations the following can be mentioned: the elaboration of some plans for the sustainable development of tourism activities in a certain tourism area, the collaboration with the providers of tourism services, the identification of some competitive advantages, the promotion of the image of the tourism destination and the creation of a brand image, the provision of information to all stakeholders, the creation of some authentic tourism products, which would offer unique experiences to tourists, ensuring the well-being of the local community and offering strategic alternatives, which would ensure the sustainability of tourism activities. This paper aims to provide insight into the role of tourism destination management organizations.","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86672657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(1)014
Bianca Vezentan, Olimpia Neagu
The present study aims to confirm the existence of a non-linear association between economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) and income inequality in Romania, over the period of 1990 to 2020. Romania’s macroeconomic output expressed through the Gross Domestic Product per capita has registered a continuous growth trend in the analysed period of time. Income distribution expressed through the GINI index registered also an ascending trend dynamic, while foreign direct investment showed an oscillating evolution. Using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method to estimate the impact of FDI and economic growth on income inequality we revealed that the relationship between FDI and income inequality is non-linear, namely quadratic. In the estimated regression equation the sign of FDI squared coefficient is negative, confirming the existence of a U-inverted curve. This suggests that the income gap grows in a first stage, until a threshold in economy is achieved. After this maximum, the income gap could follow a decreasing trend with increasing values of FDI. We found also that economic growth expressed by the dynamics of GDP per capita contributed to the extension of income inequality in Romania for 1990 to 2020. The non-linear model is statistically validated; tests for heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation and normal distribution of errors are performed. Policy implications in the specific case of the Romanian economy are also included, as follows: fiscal measures for supporting FDI inflows, effective channels enabling FDI to have effects on reducing income inequality, increase of FDI absorptive capacity and directing FDI to specific economic sectors.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN ROMANIA OVER THE PERIOD 1990-2020","authors":"Bianca Vezentan, Olimpia Neagu","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes31(1)014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(1)014","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to confirm the existence of a non-linear association between economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) and income inequality in Romania, over the period of 1990 to 2020. Romania’s macroeconomic output expressed through the Gross Domestic Product per capita has registered a continuous growth trend in the analysed period of time. Income distribution expressed through the GINI index registered also an ascending trend dynamic, while foreign direct investment showed an oscillating evolution. Using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method to estimate the impact of FDI and economic growth on income inequality we revealed that the relationship between FDI and income inequality is non-linear, namely quadratic. In the estimated regression equation the sign of FDI squared coefficient is negative, confirming the existence of a U-inverted curve. This suggests that the income gap grows in a first stage, until a threshold in economy is achieved. After this maximum, the income gap could follow a decreasing trend with increasing values of FDI. We found also that economic growth expressed by the dynamics of GDP per capita contributed to the extension of income inequality in Romania for 1990 to 2020. The non-linear model is statistically validated; tests for heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation and normal distribution of errors are performed. Policy implications in the specific case of the Romanian economy are also included, as follows: fiscal measures for supporting FDI inflows, effective channels enabling FDI to have effects on reducing income inequality, increase of FDI absorptive capacity and directing FDI to specific economic sectors.","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85620547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(1)017
Cristian Dogar
Wasting money in public contracts is a problem that can be addressed by encouraging dialogue, changes of experience and improving stakeholders’ knowledge. This case study objectives are to observe, interpret and disseminate how performance interrelates with beneficiaries of EU financed works contracts decisions and activities, in all three aspects of performance, from selecting, prioritizing and approving a future investment, until adjusting works contract values as effect of actual overlapped crisis. This exploratory case study is based on researchers’ observation of a public authority behavior patterns in the context of multiple works EU financed contracts implementation in the period 2019 – 2022, so that answers could be formulated at four research questions, as for seizing weaknesses of decision process related activities that could impact performance. Conclusions are based on identified weaknesses description, and are aimed to support future public investments related research in focusing on new detailed aspects of this area, and also the public beneficiaries designated staff, financial managers and accountants, in accurately future planning activities that support decisions on selecting, prioritizing, and assessing feasibility to improve performance of the locally EU financed works contracts.
{"title":"PERFORMANCE APPROACH OF EUROPEAN UNION FUNDED WORKS CONTRACTS IN ROMANIA, A CASE STUDY","authors":"Cristian Dogar","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes31(1)017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(1)017","url":null,"abstract":"Wasting money in public contracts is a problem that can be addressed by encouraging dialogue, changes of experience and improving stakeholders’ knowledge. This case study objectives are to observe, interpret and disseminate how performance interrelates with beneficiaries of EU financed works contracts decisions and activities, in all three aspects of performance, from selecting, prioritizing and approving a future investment, until adjusting works contract values as effect of actual overlapped crisis. This exploratory case study is based on researchers’ observation of a public authority behavior patterns in the context of multiple works EU financed contracts implementation in the period 2019 – 2022, so that answers could be formulated at four research questions, as for seizing weaknesses of decision process related activities that could impact performance. Conclusions are based on identified weaknesses description, and are aimed to support future public investments related research in focusing on new detailed aspects of this area, and also the public beneficiaries designated staff, financial managers and accountants, in accurately future planning activities that support decisions on selecting, prioritizing, and assessing feasibility to improve performance of the locally EU financed works contracts.","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79480967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(1)018
Cati-Loredana DUMITRU (SOARE)
In the context of the new global knowledge economy, hidden intangible assets (intellectual capital) have become the main generator of added economic value and the one that creates significant competitive advantages in the business world, but traditional valuation and accounting methods, in addition to referring only to past issues, they fail to provide concrete solutions regarding the valuation and accounting of all intangible assets generating value and competitive advantages of contemporary enterprises. This study aims to show the importance of hidden intangible assets (intellectual capital) in the knowledge economy, what are the modern methods of valuing and accounting for them and to what extent these methods manage to provide solutions to the reported valuation and accounting difficulties.
{"title":"INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL ACCOUNTING – A CHALLENGE OF MODERN ACCOUNTING","authors":"Cati-Loredana DUMITRU (SOARE)","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes31(1)018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(1)018","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the new global knowledge economy, hidden intangible assets (intellectual capital) have become the main generator of added economic value and the one that creates significant competitive advantages in the business world, but traditional valuation and accounting methods, in addition to referring only to past issues, they fail to provide concrete solutions regarding the valuation and accounting of all intangible assets generating value and competitive advantages of contemporary enterprises. This study aims to show the importance of hidden intangible assets (intellectual capital) in the knowledge economy, what are the modern methods of valuing and accounting for them and to what extent these methods manage to provide solutions to the reported valuation and accounting difficulties.","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87037643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(1)019
Ioan Feher, S. Borlea
Continuing the study on the line of deepening the factors that favor and enhance the underground economy, we propose an analysis of how it manifests itself at national level, related to the European context, aiming to find effective solutions to reduce and keep the informal economy within reasonably accepted limits, there can be no question of its complete eradication. The existence of the underground economy level that cannot produce decisive negative effects in the economy, respectively serious market distortions and competitive environment, can be a pressure factor on the bureaucratic-legislative system in order to optimize it, respectively on the need to increase the economy digitalization level. The underground economy is directly related to the policies of a state, respectively responsible for the state budget size as a result of monetary contributions from individuals and legal entities. The underground economy is a complex phenomenon and can differ from one state to another, with certain features shaped by the fiscal policy adopted by each state. Regarding the differences in fiscal policy between states, the study highlights certain specific features of the states in the European economy, generated mainly by the level of development of their economy. In Europe’s developed economies, fiscal policy is geared towards achieving a high level of employment, while developing economies focus on creating an conducive environment to economic development. The use of the methodology for investigating the literature, followed by the analysis and synthesis of data allowed us to identify the interdependencies between the factors favoring the underground economy, respectively the impact it had on the national economy as a whole and related to the European environment.
{"title":"UNDERGROUND ECONOMY – FAVORING FACTORS. THE STUDY OF THE PHENOMENON IN A EUROPEAN CONTEXT","authors":"Ioan Feher, S. Borlea","doi":"10.47535/1991auoes31(1)019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(1)019","url":null,"abstract":"Continuing the study on the line of deepening the factors that favor and enhance the underground economy, we propose an analysis of how it manifests itself at national level, related to the European context, aiming to find effective solutions to reduce and keep the informal economy within reasonably accepted limits, there can be no question of its complete eradication. The existence of the underground economy level that cannot produce decisive negative effects in the economy, respectively serious market distortions and competitive environment, can be a pressure factor on the bureaucratic-legislative system in order to optimize it, respectively on the need to increase the economy digitalization level. The underground economy is directly related to the policies of a state, respectively responsible for the state budget size as a result of monetary contributions from individuals and legal entities. The underground economy is a complex phenomenon and can differ from one state to another, with certain features shaped by the fiscal policy adopted by each state. Regarding the differences in fiscal policy between states, the study highlights certain specific features of the states in the European economy, generated mainly by the level of development of their economy. In Europe’s developed economies, fiscal policy is geared towards achieving a high level of employment, while developing economies focus on creating an conducive environment to economic development. The use of the methodology for investigating the literature, followed by the analysis and synthesis of data allowed us to identify the interdependencies between the factors favoring the underground economy, respectively the impact it had on the national economy as a whole and related to the European environment.","PeriodicalId":53245,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the University of Oradea Economic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83757474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47535/1991auoes31(1)016
Anisoara Belbe
Today, in Europe, more than 250 million people use the internet every day, both to visit social networking sites or platforms and to make purchases, bank transactions or tax returns in electronic format. The multitude of online activities carried out imposed a regulation of the circulation of personal data. According to Eurostat data, 85% of Romanians offer their personal data online, without thinking about the consequences, as opposed to 20%, which is the European average. We are therefore a vulnerable people, despite the fact that personal data trafficking has become a common practice in recent years. However, data security does not only target the virtual environment, but also the physical one. Thus, many public or private institutions and companies that take over and process personal data have to comply with the new Regulation. Of all the personal data processing institutions, we will direct our research to the educational units in Romania, as the situation is much more sensitive, considering the data subject – the minor. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the consequences of applying the GDPR one year after implementation, in pre-university education units in the country.
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