eJournal of Oral Maxillofacial Research最新文献

Objectives: Reduction of postoperative scarring after unilateral cleft lip cheiloplasty is a pertinent topic. Smaller scar formation results not only in a better lip function, but also - aesthetics. This systematic review aims to identify various supplementary treatment options which influence favourable scarring outcome after cheiloplasty.

Material and methods: The systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and Cochrane methodologies, using databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, The Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Articles published between 2012 and 2024 evaluating supplementary measures for reducing scar tissue post-unilateral cleft lip cheiloplasty were included. Studies were assessed for bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist, and outcomes were measured using Vancouver Scar Scale, Visual Analog Scale, Hollander Wound Evaluation Score, and scar width metrics.

Results: Nine studies were analysed, highlighting platelet-rich plasma and botulinum toxin A as effective in reducing scar width and improving aesthetics. Silicone-based products enhanced wound healing, while non-absorbable sutures and tissue adhesives showed superior outcomes compared to absorbable sutures. Overall, supplementary measures significantly improved postoperative scar appearance.

Conclusions: The use of platelet-rich plasma or botulinum toxin injections in musculus oribucalaris oris during the cheiloplasty significantly improves postoperative scar formation outcome. Wound edges approximation by non-absorbable sutures or tissue glue equally results in smaller scar formation and better aesthetic outcome. Suturing with absorbable sutures increases the incidence of complications and results in poor aesthetics. Postoperative wound care with products containing silicone significantly reduces scarring and aids in aesthetics.

Objectives: This cross-sectional observational study aims to identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among Lithuanian dentists and dental hygienists and determine the most affected body areas.

Material and methods: An anonymous survey was carried out from October 20, 2024, to December 5, 2024. The questionnaire was distributed online to Lithuanian specialists - dentists and oral hygienists. A total of 382 professionals were included in this survey. Chi-square test, its degrees of freedom was used for the analysis of variables.

Results: The study involved 382 participants who reported experiencing pain in the neck (65.7%), shoulders (59.7%), and lower back (58.1%) in the past 12 months, while only 4.5% did not experience any discomfort. Based on the study data, 19.4% of respondents were unable to perform their regular work due to problems related to pain in certain areas during the last 12 months. In addition, 49.5% of specialists had never consulted a physiotherapist or doctor about their condition during the past year. As many as 20.7% of respondents stated that they were completely physically inactive, and 18.1% engaged in low-intensity physical activity.

Conclusions: Overall, dentists and dental hygienists in Lithuania face a significant prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in their profession. Considering the magnitude of this issue, it is essential to implement university-level preventive education programs that provide dental professionals with comprehensive ergonomic knowledge.

Objectives: The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to assess weight loss in kg following orthognathic surgery focusing on gender, type of surgery, employment, and living arrangements, as effect modifiers.

Material and methods: Patient weights were measured at four points during their trajectory; two weeks preoperatively, week one, week three, and week eight postoperatively. Additionally, the registered nurse collected the following information: (1) patient age; (2) gender; (3) status of employment; (4) type of surgery; and (5) living arrangement.

Results: Mean weight loss of 3.35 kg (95% CI [confidence interval] = 3.07 to 3.62, P < 0.001), 3.56 kg (95% CI = 3.23 to 3.89, P < 0.001), and 2.79 kg (95% CI = 2.36 to 3.21, P < 0.001) for week 1, 3 and 8. Higher weight loss was observed in males 3.81 kg (95% CI = 3.31 to 4.31) compared with females 3 kg (95% CI = 2.71 to 3.29) at week 1 (P = 0.01). Highest weight loss following bimaxillary surgery was observed at week 1 (P = 0.00) and week 8 (P = 0.04).

Conclusions: Postoperative proportional weight loss is observed in all patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Being male and having bimaxillary surgery predicts for a higher weight loss. Patients who had bimaxillary procedures showed greater weight loss compared to those who had a single jaw procedure, possibly due to longer surgery times, increased facial swelling and restricted mouth opening. Interestingly, living arrangements seemed to have an effect on weight loss at week 3, suggesting that social support may influence nutritional status.

Objectives: This systematic review of case reports and case series aims to identify the types of necrotic alterations caused by desomorphine ("Krokodil") and the diagnostic methods used in such cases.

Material and methods: An advanced search was conducted on 30 January 2025 in the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases using the selected keywords and MeSH terms. The research was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 54 records were identified and screened for eligibility. After meticulous evaluation by two independent reviews, 15 articles were included in this systematic review.

Results: Of the included 251 cases, 247 discussed osteonecrosis of the facial bones. Three out of the four cases discussing limb necrosis presented a high risk of bias. The most commonly used paraclinical diagnostic methods were: radiological examination (radiographs, cone-beam computed tomography, etc.), histopathological examination, microbiological tests, and blood tests. Other less common methods included scintigraphy and C-terminal telopeptide tests. This systematic review did not identify enough cases discussing desomorphine-associated skin lesions.

Conclusions: Desomorphine ("Krokodil") is a dangerous drug that causes different local and systemic damages, including soft-tissue lesions and bone necrosis. Future studies should focus on the distribution of the necrotic lesions according to the affected tissues/organs, and the possible correlation between the drug use period and the clinical findings.

Objectives: The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to determine the characteristics of patients hospitalized with severe infections after tooth removal.

Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of medical and dental records of patients hospitalized with severe infections after tooth removal from their hospitalization and their dental records preceding their hospital admission. Descriptive statistical methods were applied.

Results: Of 109 patients included in the study, the majority (84%) of patients were above 25 years with a mean age of 42.8 (SD 19.6) years. The extracted teeth were most often surgically removed, and indications for extraction were predominantly a pathological condition in the dental or surrounding tissues. Only one patient had prophylactic antibiotics administered before surgical removal of the tooth. Surgical extraction of a mandibular third molar preceded hospitalization in sixty-three patients (58%) and a distoangular position was the most common (36%). Patients who had a mandibular third molar removed were significantly younger (P = 0.006) and had no comorbidities (P = 0.002) in contrast to those with any other tooth removed.

Conclusions: Patients developing severe infections after tooth removal are characterized by the extraction of mandibular third molars, pathologic conditions related to the teeth removed, and absence of prophylactic antibiotics during the procedure.

Objectives: This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of intra-examiner and inter-examiner bone loss measurements in cone-beam computed tomography images over time, on patients with peri-implant defects using two cone-beam computed tomography software programs: 3D Slicer and Dolphin Imaging.

Material and methods: Baseline images were oriented based on implant location and aligned with the palatal or Go-Me plane. Two CBCT volumes were imported and superimposed using landmark-based and surface-based methods, with accuracy assessed through 3D and 2D matching. Measurements of implant diameter, length, and bone thickness at 0, 1, 3, and 5 mm intervals were taken at two-time points by three independent examiners, with reliability assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients.

Results: Twenty measurements per 14 cases were evaluated. Each examiner conducted 1,120 measurements with a cumulative total of 3,360 measurements assessed. Significant differences in measurement times were observed, with 3D Slicer requiring more time for superimposition tasks (P < 0.001). Both software programs, however, demonstrated high reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.80) in inter- and intra-examiner agreement across various bone measurements.

Conclusions: Findings emphasize that the high reliability observed with the software and superimposition techniques is directly linked to the calibration and training exercises conducted with the examiners before the study. Dolphin's Imaging automated superimposition was significantly faster than 3D Slicer's manual approach, 3D Slicer offered superior image quality and better differentiation of bone outlines. Both software demonstrated effectiveness in delivering consistent and reproducible measurements, with significant implications for clinical and research applications in implant dentistry.

Objectives: The purpose of this observational clinical study was to evaluate the relationship between brain anatomical and volumetric changes in white matter, grey matter, and cerebral cortex thickness with the number of functional occlusal pairs present in the mouth.

Material and methods: The number of functional occlusal pairs in 70 patients was counted and non-invasive brain analysis was performed using magnetic resonance imaging. The volume of grey matter, white matter, and thickness of the cortex in different areas of the brain were determined by SPM12 and CAT12 software. Multiple regression model corrected for multiple comparisons using FDR and Spearman correlation coefficient were calculated for statistical comparison.

Results: A total of 70 (39 male, 31 female) were analysed, with an average number of occlusal pairs of 10.21 (3.99). According to the Spearman correlation coefficient, a lower number of occlusal pairs was related to a reduction in white matter (right external capsule and posterior limb of the internal capsule), a reduction in grey matter (right temporal superior and medial gyrus and left cerebellum crus 1) and a reduction in thickness of the cerebral cortex (rostral anterior cingulated cortex of the right hemisphere and areas in the right and left hemisphere, especially in the frontal cortex).

Conclusions: The number of occlusal pairs is related to the volume of white matter, grey matter, and thickness of the cerebral cortex in areas of the brain that are directly involved in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.

Background: Panitumumab is an anti-epithelial growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody, approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Panitumumab has been more commonly associated with skin toxicity; oral adverse events have been scarcely reported in the literature. Herein, we present a case report of panitumumab-associated aphthous-like stomatitis.

Methods: A 58 years old female visited the Oral Oncology Unit complaining of severe oral pain. The patient had been diagnosed with colon cancer metastatic to the liver and was receiving panitumumab (every 14 days) concurrently with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil.

Results: Clinical examination revealed multiple aphthous-like ulcers on the ventral surface and lateral borders of the tongue, lower lip and mucolabial fold, buccal mucosa and soft palate. Dexamethasone oral solution 0.5 mg/5 ml was topically administered t.i.d. along with tramadol 50 mg per os t.i.d. for pain management. One week later, the pain was relieved and the ulcers were almost completely healed. Tramadol administration was discontinued and dexamethasone was tapered during the following 8 days. There was no need for discontinuation of panitumumab. In close follow-up for the next four months, no painful oral symptomatology was reported.

Conclusions: Anti-epithelial growth factor receptor agents are associated with oral adverse events that may cause severe pain, even necessitating discontinuation of the antineoplastic treatment. The implementation of preventive measures, early diagnosis, proper treatment and close monitoring of patients receiving anti-epithelial growth factor receptor agents are mandatory in order to preserve patients' quality of life and their compliance to therapeutic regimen.

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic literature review was to establish a correlation between thyroid dysfunctions and periodontium health.

Material and methods: The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA statement. An electronic search was performed using MEDLINE (PubMed) and Google Scholar databases using a combination of keywords "hypothyroidism", "hypothyroidism", "thyroid", "thyroid dysfunction" and "periodontitis". The research covered the period from January 1, 2019 and July 1, 2024, included studies written in English, conducted in humans.

Results: The results showed that hyperthyroidism can be associated with a higher prevalence of periodontitis due to decreased oral microbiome diversity, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, increased periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment loss and interleukin-6. Hyperparathyroidism after parathyroidectomy may lead to a slightly higher risk of tooth extraction in the first two years afterward because decreasing lamina dura, increasing periodontal ligament width. And hypothyroidism negatively affects the homeostasis of calcium and phosphorus in the oral fluid and can change the composition of bone minerals.

Conclusions: Hyperthyroidism increases the risk of periodontitis by promoting deeper periodontal pockets, reducing oral microbiome diversity, altering alveolar bone structure and elevating inflammatory markers like interleukin-6, which are linked to disease progression. Hypothyroidism worsens periodontal disease by disrupting calcium-phosphorus balance and causing alveolar bone changes, especially in young individuals. Both conditions affect periodontal homeostasis, emphasizing the bidirectional relationship between endocrine and periodontal health. Dentists should monitor thyroid dysfunction, as managing thyroid levels may improve periodontal treatment.

Objectives: Dental implants have emerged as a reliable and long-lasting solution for missing teeth, offering advantages over traditional prosthetic options. The aim of this systematic review was to thoroughly explore the correlation between cortical bone thickness of the jaws and bone-level dental implant primary and secondary stability.

Material and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), ClinicalKey and the Cochrane Library from 1 January, 2019 to 21 June, 2024. This review focused on patients undergoing dental implant placement with varying cortical bone thicknesses and implant stability levels. Quality and risk-of-bias assessment evaluated by Cochrane risk of bias tool.

Results: Out of 160 screened articles, 28 were reviewed in full, and 6 met the inclusion criteria, involving 209 patients and 418 implants. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) values showed no significant correlations during baseline and secondary assessments (P > 0.05). Correlations were noted between implant stability, bone density, alveolar ridge width, and implant size (P < 0.01). ISQ and insertion torque value (ITV) were strongly correlated at insertion (P < 0.001) but not at follow-ups (P = 0.059 at 2 months, P = 0.817 at 6 months, P = 0.029 at 12 months). ISQ values increased over time (P < 0.001). Implants in native bone showed higher ISQ values at baseline (P = 0.011), 8 weeks (P = 0.013), and 12 weeks (P < 0.001). Regions with thicker cortical bone demonstrated superior primary stability.

Conclusions: Thicker cortical bone enhances primary implant stability, as indicated by higher insertion torque and implant stability quotient values.