eJournal of Oral Maxillofacial Research最新文献

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate anatomical structure of mandibular canal and the factors those increase the possibility of inferior alveolar nerve damage in mandibular third molar region of Turkish population.

Material and methods: Overall 320 participants with 436 mandibular third molars were included from four different study centers. Following variables were measured: type and depth of third molar impaction, position of mandibular canal in relation to third molars, morphology of mandibular canal, cortication status of mandibular canal, possible contact between the third molars and mandibular canal, thickness and density of superior, buccal, and lingual mandibular canal wall, bucco-lingual and apico-coronal mandibular canal diameters on cone-beam computed tomography scans.

Results: Lingual mandibular canal wall density and thickness were decreased significantly as the impaction depth of mandibular third molar was increased (P = 0.045, P = 0.001 respectively). Highest buccal mandibular canal wall density and thickness were observed in lingual position of mandibular canal in relation to mandibular third molar (P = 0.021, P = 0.034 respectively). Mandibular canal with oval/round morphology had higher apico-coronal diameter in comparison to tear drop and dumbbell morphologies (P = 0.018). Additionally, mandibular canals with observed cortication border and no contact with mandibular third molar had denser and thicker lingual mandibular canal wall (P = 0.003, P = 0.001 respectively).

Conclusions: Buccal and lingual mandibular canal wall density, thickness and mandibular canal diameter may be related with high-risk indicators of inferior alveolar nerve injury.

Background: Focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect is asymptomatic radiolucent area usually discovered incidentally during radiographic examination of the jaws. This bone condition can lead to clinical complications during dental implant placement or during osseointegration process.

Methods: A 54-year-old woman was referred to private dental implant centre for a dental implant rehabilitation treatment in May 17, 2016. Oral examination revealed a healthy mucosa with no visible pathology. Adentia of tooth #46 and moderate atrophy of the edentulous alveolar process were found. Panoramic radiography of the jaws showed 2 cm x 2 cm radiolucency with irregular borders located in tooth #46 region. The margins of the bone defect were uneven, single trabeculae were visible, and the cortical layer was not deformed. In the absence of signs of pathology, it was decided to perform a dental implant surgery in the edentulous jaw segment #46.

Results: The osteoporotic focus was filled with natural bovine bone substitute Cerabone^®. The granules were gently condensed to the sides - to the buccal and lingual walls until they filled the entire cavity. A 10 mm long, 4.1 mm diameter Straumann^® Tissue Level implant was surgically placed with the shoulder of the implant resting on the margins of the osteotomy. It was proposed six steps protocol for surgical dental implant installation in focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect in mandible.

Conclusions: A six-step protocol for surgical placement of dental implants in focal osteoporotic bone marrow defects may be a useful tool for clinicians in implant dentistry.

Objectives: The objectives of this clinical observational study are to measure peri-implant crevicular fluid volume based on dental implant diameter and length, and to evaluate the possible relationship between peri-implant crevicular fluid/gingival crevicular fluid volumes and clinical periodontal indices.

Material and methods: The information about length and diameter of dental implants was noted. Clinical indices (probing depth, plaque index, gingival bleeding time index, and gingival index) were recorded. Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF)/gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volumes were measured from 4 sites (mesial, buccal, distal, and lingual/palatal) of each dental implant including its one or more equivalent natural tooth/teeth.

Results: One-hundred-sixty-one loaded dental implants and 221 natural teeth of 101 patients were evaluated. The length of dental implant had no effect on PICF volume (P > 0.05). However, PICF volumes of narrow (< 3.5 mm) and wide (> 4.5 mm) diameter implants were higher than standard diameter implants (≥ 3.5 mm, and ≤ 4.5 mm) (P < 0.05). PICF and GCF volumes of areas with peri-implant/periodontal diseases were significantly higher than healthy areas (P < 0.05). PICF and GCF volumes showed positive correlations with clinical indices (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: In accordance with the results of the present study, the implant diameter, not the implant length, affects peri-implant crevicular fluid volume.

Objectives: The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the dimensional influence of the epithelialized tissue graft harvested from the palate in the postoperative pain.

Material and methods: Research was conducted in electronic databases Cochrane Library, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science upwards May 15, 2022. Studies that reported the influence of graft dimensions of palatal epithelized harvesting on postoperative pain were eligible. The evaluation was made using the methodological quality assessment by Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for randomized clinical trials and non-randomized studies and the level of evidence according to GRADE.

Results: Four studies were included. The clinical and methodological heterogeneity among studies led to an analysed narrative. The postoperative pain was assessed during the period of 1 to 28 postoperative days. It was determined by using visual analog scale in three studies, while the evaluation was performed indirectly based on analgesics intake in one study. According to three studies, bigger graft sizes were associated with higher postoperative pain. The methodological quality assessment categorized two study as high (one randomized control trial and one non-randomized), and two as moderate (one randomized control trial and one non-randomized). The data was considered moderate.

Conclusions: Based on the moderate certainty level, bigger graft sizes of palatal epithelized harvesting appear to promote more postoperative pain. Understanding the postoperative pain as a response to a graft extension may assist some clinical decisions regarding the surgical periodontal and peri-implant planning.

Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the method error and reliability of acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry in children and adolescents and to describe the feasibility of these methods in a young population.

Material and methods: The study sample included 35 healthy subjects in the age of 9 to 14 years. The subjects were randomly recruited for the present project in the period from June 2021 to February 2022. Repeated measurements of the upper airway dimensions in standing mirror position were performed by the use of Acoustic Pharyngometer and Rhinometer. Volume (cm³), calculated resistance (cm H₂O/L/min), mean area (cm²), minimum cross-sectional area (MCA, cm²) and distance to MCA (cm) were examined. Method errors and reliability coefficients were evaluated using Dahlberg's formula and the Houston reliability coefficient. The feasibility of the methods were analysed using paired t-test and estimated by difference in drop-out rates.

Results: No systematic error exhibited in the repeated measurements except volume in the left nostril (P = 0.017). The method errors of the acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry were betweeen 0.0002 to 0.069 and 0.001 to 0.082 respectively. The Houston reliability coefficient for both methods were between 0.952 to 0.999. The acoustic pharyngometry was significantly more feasible compared to rhinometry (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: The study shows that acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry in the standing mirror position are reliable methods, with acoustic pharyngometry being even more feasible than rhinometry, which is why it is recommended to practice the methods with children and ensure reliability of results before registering measurements.

Objectives: The primary objective of the present systematic review is to test the hypothesis - the revision of the complexity of the extraction sockets morphology classifications will reveal the most important parameters for implant aesthetic and functional success in case of immediate dental implant placement in aesthetic zone. The secondary objective is to revise the most important parameters of aesthetic indexes created for implant-supported restoration in aesthetic zone.

Material and methods: MEDLINE (PubMed) and Cochrane Library search in combination with hand-search of relevant journals was conducted including human studies published in English between 1 January 2005 and 1 February 2022. After evaluation of the titles and abstracts in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, risk-of-bias assessment was evaluated and data was extracted from the full papers.

Results: Electronic and hand searching resulted in 477 entries. Five systematic reviews, research syntheses and 7 prospective studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final data synthesis. Selected articles reported the different classifications complexity of the extraction sockets morphology and aesthetic indexes for implant supported restoration in aesthetic zone.

Conclusions: The most important parameters for implant aesthetics and functional success, incorporated in classifications of extraction sockets are facial soft tissue level and quality, gingival biotype, keratinized gingival, mesial and distal papillae appearance, buccal bone level and thickness, labial and buccal bone plates damage and bone lesions. The most important aesthetic indexes parameters are soft tissue contour position, including colour and texture, interdental papilla, mesial and distal interproximal bone height, gingival biotype.

Objectives: Sleep apnea and periodontitis have high incidences in general population. They share common risk factors such as obesity, smoking, and aging. As cone-beam computed tomography becomes popular in dentistry, airway analysis is very accessible to dentists. However, not many studies have investigated the correlations between airway volume and risk of sleep apnea and periodontitis. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the association between airway volume and the occurrence of sleep apnea and periodontitis.

Material and methods: Overall, 258 patients were enrolled (male: 118, female: 140, age from 13 to 88). axiUm^® was used to collect demographical/physical information and the status of sleep apnea and periodontitis. Invivo™ software was utilized to measure airway dimensions. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD post-hoc test and Pearson analysis were run to determine statistical difference in airway volumes among patients with various demographic and health status, and association of airway dimensions with their sleep apnea and periodontal conditions.

Results: Sleep apnea patients had significantly higher body weight, body mass index, and significantly smaller airway compared to non-apnea patients (P < 0.05). Old age, male, and diabetes were found to be positively correlated with sleep apnea. No association between airway dimension and periodontal status was identified.

Conclusions: Patients with high body mass index are at higher risk of developing constricted airway and sleep apnea. There appears to be no association between restricted airway and occurrence of periodontitis. Cone-beam computed tomography plays a critical role in identifying narrow airway and necessitating proper referral.

Objectives: The aim of this experimental animal study is to investigate the effect of bone graft and topical ellagic acid application on bone regeneration in rats with critical-sized calvarial bone defects.

Material and methods: A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups, and 7 mm critical-sized calvarial bone defects were created surgically in them. In the first group, the created defect was left empty, and this acted as a control group. In the second group, only a bone graft was placed in the created defect. In the third group, in addition to placing a bone graft in the created defect, 0.325 mg/kg ellagic acid (EA) was applied topically to the defect.

Results: As a result of semiquantitative scoring, osteoblast counts were 2 (SD 0.82) in the control group, 2.71 (SD 0.76) in the graft group, and 1.14 (SD 0.69) in the EA + graft group. The number of osteocytes was 2.29 (SD 0.76) in the control group, 2.71 (SD 1.11) in the graft group, and 1.43 (SD 0.54) in the EA + graft group. When inflammations were evaluated, values of 1.71 (SD 0.75), 1.14 (SD 0.69), and 3 (SD 0.82) were obtained in the control, graft, and EA + graft groups, respectively.

Conclusions: Topical ellagic and graft applications show different effects at different doses under topical and systemic conditions. The dose amount of ellagic acid applied, especially in topical applications, has critical importance in bone healing.

Objectives: The purpose of the retrospective study was to evaluate pain and discomfort related to surgical exposure according to initial localization of impacted maxillary canines.

Material and methods: Pre-treatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data and discomfort evaluation questionnaire of 25 patients (17 female, 8 male), treated with combined surgical-orthodontic approach was analysed. The questions included: level of discomfort during surgery (0 to 10), level of pain (0 to 10) in the evening, one, two days and a week after surgery. CBCT analysis consisted of evaluation of impacted maxillary canines mesiodistal inclination, horizontal, vertical dislocation from alveolar process edge, labiopalatal localization and length of eruption path. To carry out research objectives a Spearman and interclass correlation coefficients, Mann-Whitney U test, Cohen's kappa coefficient were used. Level of significance was 0.05.

Results: Average level of discomfort during the procedure was 2.8 (SD 2.3). Pain level the evening after the surgery was the highest - 3.3 (SD 2.1) and decreased over the week. Pain level differed significantly between different days (P < 0.001). Neither labial or palatal location nor the unilateral or bilateral impaction had effect on the level of pain (P > 0.05). The results showed that pain during different stages of measuring as well as level of discomfort during surgical exposure did not differ statistically significantly depending on severity of impaction (P > 0.05).

Conclusions: There was no significant relation between the discomfort and the location of the impacted canine. Patient's gender or age did not have an impact on discomfort and pain.

Objectives: The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the anatomy and morphology of the nasopalatine canal in axial, sagittal, and coronal sections with cone-beam computed tomography and to appraise the effect of gender, age, and dental status on the nasopalatine canal.

Material and methods: Overall 1000 patients with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were analysed retrospectively. The morphology of the nasopalatine canal (NPC) was classified according to sections. Its sizes were measured, and variations were evaluated. The variables obtained were statistically analysed.

Results: It was observed that the most common NPC shape was the cylindrical type (47.1%) in sagittal sections, and the C-shaped canal (51.1%) in coronal sections. In the axial section, two Stenson foramen (45.2%) were observed most frequently, and the most common form was found as oval (60.7%). In sagittal sections, statistically significant differences were obtained between all morphometric measurements and shapes of the NPC except the angle of the canal. It was found that all morphometric measurements in sagittal and coronal sections were higher in men. Also, it was found that the NPC angle and NPC length decreased with tooth loss.

Conclusions: The nasopalatine canal shows many variations, and its dimensions differ according to gender, age, and dental status. For this reason, before the surgical procedures are applied to the maxilla, it should be evaluated radiologically to prevent complications.