Spirodela polyrrhiza samples were collected from various locations within the geographical periphery of Malda district in West Bengal, India. Samples collected from all sites were associated with algal colonies comprised of diatoms and blue green algae. Such association of different algal groups and greater duckweed in their natural habitat occurred in the lower epidermis of the fronds. Among the members of Cyanophyceae, Oscillatoria sancta was found to be abundantly associated with the fronds under in vivo conditions. To mimic the in vivo association, axenic monocultures of both S. polyrrhiza and O. sancta were maintained separately or by co-cultivation. Association with O. sancta under in vitro growth conditions prolonged the stationary growth phase of greater duckweed significantly. A growth-promoting association between the two species was shown by increased concentration of some metabolites of S. polyrrhiza. Correlation between growth of the two species were confirmed.
Spirodela polyrrhiza 样本采集自印度西孟加拉邦马尔达地区周边的多个地点。从所有地点采集的样本都与由硅藻和蓝绿藻组成的藻群有关。在大浮萍的自然栖息地，不同藻类与大浮萍的结合发生在叶片的下表皮层。在蓝绿藻科成员中，发现鞘鳃藻（Oscillatoria sancta）在体内条件下与叶片大量结合。为了模拟体内的关联，分别或通过共培养来维持多肉甘蓝和圣女果的轴向单株栽培。在体外生长条件下，与圣女果的结合显著延长了大浮萍的静止生长期。通过提高 S. polyrrhiza 的某些代谢产物的浓度，可以看出这两个物种之间的生长促进作用。证实了两种植物生长之间的相关性。
{"title":"Association between Spirodela polyrrhiza and blue green algae in aquatic habitats and in vitro conditions in relation to metabolite concentrations under monoculture and co-culture","authors":"Santanu Gupta, Sudipta Kumar Sil","doi":"10.22364/eeb.21.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.21.07","url":null,"abstract":"Spirodela polyrrhiza samples were collected from various locations within the geographical periphery of Malda district in West Bengal, India. Samples collected from all sites were associated with algal colonies comprised of diatoms and blue green algae. Such association of different algal groups and greater duckweed in their natural habitat occurred in the lower epidermis of the fronds. Among the members of Cyanophyceae, Oscillatoria sancta was found to be abundantly associated with the fronds under in vivo conditions. To mimic the in vivo association, axenic monocultures of both S. polyrrhiza and O. sancta were maintained separately or by co-cultivation. Association with O. sancta under in vitro growth conditions prolonged the stationary growth phase of greater duckweed significantly. A growth-promoting association between the two species was shown by increased concentration of some metabolites of S. polyrrhiza. Correlation between growth of the two species were confirmed.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139354146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two resident and two local migratory vulture species are reported in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The early population estimates from the region are either scanty or crude. Vulture population estimation was performed using three different methods based on their breeding seasons and regional movements between 2019 and 2021. Road transect counts, nest counts, and carcass monitoring counts were used for population assessments. The road transect survey and nest site counting during the breeding season were conducted in all three years, while carcass monitoring was done in 2019 – 2020. For population estimation, three nest site colony counts were conducted for the resident Gyps bengalensis and for Gyps indicus. The other two methods, carcass monitoring and the road transect survey, were used for all four focal vulture species of the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve – Gyps bengalensis, Gyps indicus, Neophron percnopterus and Sarcogyps calvus. Significant variation in vulture population count was observed with different assessment methods.
{"title":"Assessing the accuracy of population estimation methods for vulture populations: a case study from the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"S. Manigandan, H. Byju, P. Kannan","doi":"10.22364/eeb.21.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.21.06","url":null,"abstract":"Two resident and two local migratory vulture species are reported in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The early population estimates from the region are either scanty or crude. Vulture population estimation was performed using three different methods based on their breeding seasons and regional movements between 2019 and 2021. Road transect counts, nest counts, and carcass monitoring counts were used for population assessments. The road transect survey and nest site counting during the breeding season were conducted in all three years, while carcass monitoring was done in 2019 – 2020. For population estimation, three nest site colony counts were conducted for the resident Gyps bengalensis and for Gyps indicus. The other two methods, carcass monitoring and the road transect survey, were used for all four focal vulture species of the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve – Gyps bengalensis, Gyps indicus, Neophron percnopterus and Sarcogyps calvus. Significant variation in vulture population count was observed with different assessment methods.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pilāts V. Mammals on map – preliminary results for the development of European Atlas of mammals and regional Red List of threatened species Orlovskis Z., Kotova A., Pugačevskis D., Voroņins Ē., Jae-Lee S. Medicago truncatula – model for studyng intra-plant and inter-plant signals during arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation Grantiņa-Ieviņa L., Ķibilds J., Cvetkova S., Šteingolde Ž., Streikiša M., Avsejenko J., Valciņa O., Bērziņš A. Genetic characterization of Brucella suis bv. 2 isolates from hunted wild boars from the eastern part of Latvia in 2015 – 2016 Boikmanis G., Grantiņa-Ieviņa L., Ķibilds J. A pilot study of the metagenome of dairy cows milk Purmale L., Shvirksts K., Korica A. Attempts to establish Actaea racemosa ‘Brunette’ in in vitro culture
Pilāts V. Mammals on map - preliminary results for the development of European Atlas of mammals and regional Red List of threatened species Orlovskis Z., Kotova A., Pugačevskis D., Voroņins Ē、Jae-Lee S. Medicago truncatula - model for studyng intra-plant and inter-plant signals during arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation Grantiņa-Ieviņa L., Ķibilds J., Cvetkova S., Šteingolde Ž.、Streikiša M., Avsejenko J., Valciņa O., Bērziņš A. Genetic characterization of Brucella suis bv. 2 isolates from hunted wild boars from the eastern part of Latvia in 2015 - 2016 Boikmanis G.、Grantiņa-Ieviņa L., Ķibilds J. A pilot study of the metagenome of dairy cows milk Purmale L., Shvirksts K., Korica A. Attempts to establish Actaea racemosa 'Brunette' in vitro culture
{"title":"Abstracts of the 81st Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia","authors":"Valdis Pilāts","doi":"10.22364/eeb.21.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.21.05","url":null,"abstract":"Pilāts V. Mammals on map – preliminary results for the development of European Atlas of mammals and regional Red List of threatened species Orlovskis Z., Kotova A., Pugačevskis D., Voroņins Ē., Jae-Lee S. Medicago truncatula – model for studyng intra-plant and inter-plant signals during arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation Grantiņa-Ieviņa L., Ķibilds J., Cvetkova S., Šteingolde Ž., Streikiša M., Avsejenko J., Valciņa O., Bērziņš A. Genetic characterization of Brucella suis bv. 2 isolates from hunted wild boars from the eastern part of Latvia in 2015 – 2016 Boikmanis G., Grantiņa-Ieviņa L., Ķibilds J. A pilot study of the metagenome of dairy cows milk Purmale L., Shvirksts K., Korica A. Attempts to establish Actaea racemosa ‘Brunette’ in in vitro culture","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135517417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spent biomass of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) after oyster mushroom cultivation is not much suitable for application as soil amendment. As a means to avoid environmental pollution and to decrease waste to landfill, the spent biomass was primarily composted with cow dung and then feed to red wiggler earthworm (Eisenia fetida) to transform it into vermicompost. The produced vermicompost showed significant reduction in salt concentration, electrical conductivity, available K concentration, C/N ratio and increase in pH, available N and P. The representative heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) detected in the spent biomass of water hyacinth were derived from the initial plant biomass. Among these metals, concentration of Fe increased and that of Zn decreased significantly in the vermicompost, while the other metals did not show significant change. When applied as amendment to control soil for growth of radish plants, the vermicompost treatment resulted in significantly higher shoot and root biomass. Also, the amendment decreased the bioavailability of metals (especially Cd) and their accumulation in radish plants. The metal concentrations in the vermicompost and in the radish plants were found to fall within the permissible limits for compost and the normal range present in plants, respectively, indicating the suitability of the vermicompost for use as organic fertilizer. Utilization of the water hyacinth as substrate for oyster mushroom cultivation and recycling the spent mushroom substrate through vermicomposting could therefore provide food and fertilizer with no waste to landfill, changing the status of the invasive aquatic weed from a prolific pest to a potentially usable product.
{"title":"Changes in nutrient and heavy metal content after vermicomposting of water hyacinth-based spent mushroom substrate","authors":"S. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.22364/eeb.21.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.21.01","url":null,"abstract":"The spent biomass of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) after oyster mushroom cultivation is not much suitable for application as soil amendment. As a means to avoid environmental pollution and to decrease waste to landfill, the spent biomass was primarily composted with cow dung and then feed to red wiggler earthworm (Eisenia fetida) to transform it into vermicompost. The produced vermicompost showed significant reduction in salt concentration, electrical conductivity, available K concentration, C/N ratio and increase in pH, available N and P. The representative heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) detected in the spent biomass of water hyacinth were derived from the initial plant biomass. Among these metals, concentration of Fe increased and that of Zn decreased significantly in the vermicompost, while the other metals did not show significant change. When applied as amendment to control soil for growth of radish plants, the vermicompost treatment resulted in significantly higher shoot and root biomass. Also, the amendment decreased the bioavailability of metals (especially Cd) and their accumulation in radish plants. The metal concentrations in the vermicompost and in the radish plants were found to fall within the permissible limits for compost and the normal range present in plants, respectively, indicating the suitability of the vermicompost for use as organic fertilizer. Utilization of the water hyacinth as substrate for oyster mushroom cultivation and recycling the spent mushroom substrate through vermicomposting could therefore provide food and fertilizer with no waste to landfill, changing the status of the invasive aquatic weed from a prolific pest to a potentially usable product.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47145641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sinapis alba L. (white mustard), an annual member of Brassicaceae, is an important oilseed crop with significant agronomic traits including tolerance to abiotic stress. The present study was aimed to assess the changes in biochemical attributes of S. alba, mainly the composition of lipids and fatty acids, in response to osmotic stress. Seedlings were subjected to stress condition by growing them on media supplemented with three different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) solutions, respectively with ‑0.04, ‑0.16 and ‑0.64 MPa osmotic potential. Compatible solute content, lipid content, and lipid peroxidation of the seedlings were measured. Total fatty acid composition was analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Overall negative impact of PEG-mediated osmotic stress was apparent from seedling morphology. Total lipid content decreased in stressed plants together with increased level of triacylglycerol. Increase of lipid peroxidation in stressed condition indicated suppression of membrane integrity. The key outcome was the significant increase of unsaturation level of fatty acids due to higher accumulation of linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid and erucic acid in the seedlings exposed to higher osmotic stress. The results indicate that, in white mustard, the biochemical changes induced by osmotic stress mainly depend on changes in lipid composition and fatty acid unsaturation level, which maintain membrane stability during the early stage of seedling development.
Sinapis alba L。（白芥菜）是十字花科的一年生植物，是一种重要的油料作物，具有重要的农艺性状，包括对非生物胁迫的耐受性。本研究旨在评估S。alba主要由脂质和脂肪酸组成，对渗透胁迫有反应。幼苗在补充了三种不同浓度聚乙二醇（PEG 6000）溶液的培养基上生长，分别具有-0.04、-0.16和-0.64 MPa的渗透势，从而受到胁迫。测定了幼苗的相容性溶质含量、脂质含量和脂质过氧化。用气相色谱-质谱法分析了总脂肪酸的组成。从幼苗形态来看，PEG介导的渗透胁迫的总体负面影响是明显的。胁迫植物的总脂质含量降低，同时三酰甘油水平升高。应激条件下脂质过氧化的增加表明膜完整性受到抑制。关键结果是，由于在暴露于较高渗透胁迫的幼苗中亚油酸、α-亚麻酸和芥酸的积累较高，脂肪酸的不饱和水平显著增加。结果表明，在白芥菜中，渗透胁迫引起的生化变化主要取决于脂质组成和脂肪酸不饱和度的变化，这些变化在幼苗发育早期保持了膜的稳定性。
{"title":"Osmotic stress induced alterations in fatty acid composition and other metabolic responses in seedlings of Sinapis alba","authors":"S. Mitra, A. Begum","doi":"10.22364/eeb.21.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.21.02","url":null,"abstract":"Sinapis alba L. (white mustard), an annual member of Brassicaceae, is an important oilseed crop with significant agronomic traits including tolerance to abiotic stress. The present study was aimed to assess the changes in biochemical attributes of S. alba, mainly the composition of lipids and fatty acids, in response to osmotic stress. Seedlings were subjected to stress condition by growing them on media supplemented with three different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) solutions, respectively with ‑0.04, ‑0.16 and ‑0.64 MPa osmotic potential. Compatible solute content, lipid content, and lipid peroxidation of the seedlings were measured. Total fatty acid composition was analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Overall negative impact of PEG-mediated osmotic stress was apparent from seedling morphology. Total lipid content decreased in stressed plants together with increased level of triacylglycerol. Increase of lipid peroxidation in stressed condition indicated suppression of membrane integrity. The key outcome was the significant increase of unsaturation level of fatty acids due to higher accumulation of linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid and erucic acid in the seedlings exposed to higher osmotic stress. The results indicate that, in white mustard, the biochemical changes induced by osmotic stress mainly depend on changes in lipid composition and fatty acid unsaturation level, which maintain membrane stability during the early stage of seedling development.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44073792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various attributes of light, including the intensity, spectral composition and duration of the photophase, have been documented to have remarkable influence on all aspects of behaviour and physiology of eukaryotic experimental models. This hypothesis was investigated in the present study wherein the effects of photoperiod varying from 6 to 18 h of 24‑h light-dark (LD) cycles was examined on the lifetime fertility (i.e., the viable F1 progeny) of females of the Indian fruit fly, Drosophila biarmipes. The flies were subjected to six types of 24‑h LD cycles (light at 150 lux and dark at 0 lux in all LD cycles) in which the photoperiod varied from extremely short (6 h) to extremely long (18 h) duration. The female fertility was the highest in photoperiods of 10, 12 and 14 h, moderate in 8 and 16 h and the lowest in 6 and 18 h. These results indicate that the performance of the circadian system is at its optimum when it is maintained in zeitgeber cycles wherein the photoperiod is close to that of the natural day of the tropical or sub-tropical region from where the given species or strain originated. This study has great implication in predicting the insect abundance at a particular season of the year when the photoperiod is conducible for optimum reproduction. Such premonition should help the local administrative bodies to take appropriate control measures against the given insect pest and vector insects.
{"title":"Study on photoperiodic modulation of the female fertility of Drosophila biarmipes","authors":"Ahmed Malik Shamim, Zarin Sana Sayed","doi":"10.22364/eeb.21.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.21.04","url":null,"abstract":"Various attributes of light, including the intensity, spectral composition and duration of the photophase, have been documented to have remarkable influence on all aspects of behaviour and physiology of eukaryotic experimental models. This hypothesis was investigated in the present study wherein the effects of photoperiod varying from 6 to 18 h of 24‑h light-dark (LD) cycles was examined on the lifetime fertility (i.e., the viable F1 progeny) of females of the Indian fruit fly, Drosophila biarmipes. The flies were subjected to six types of 24‑h LD cycles (light at 150 lux and dark at 0 lux in all LD cycles) in which the photoperiod varied from extremely short (6 h) to extremely long (18 h) duration. The female fertility was the highest in photoperiods of 10, 12 and 14 h, moderate in 8 and 16 h and the lowest in 6 and 18 h. These results indicate that the performance of the circadian system is at its optimum when it is maintained in zeitgeber cycles wherein the photoperiod is close to that of the natural day of the tropical or sub-tropical region from where the given species or strain originated. This study has great implication in predicting the insect abundance at a particular season of the year when the photoperiod is conducible for optimum reproduction. Such premonition should help the local administrative bodies to take appropriate control measures against the given insect pest and vector insects.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43257940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A native of North America, the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana is now a very invasive foreign species that has already been imported to most of the world. Before the introduction of A. franciscana, Asia was home to a wide range of bisexual Artemia species, which is no longer the current case. The collected Artemia samples from salt pans in south India were subjected to exact species identification and determination of phylogeographic origin through morphometric and molecular phylogenetic analysis. The Artemia species was validated with the observation of spiny subspherical frontal knob and distinctive lateral triangular ovisac lobes with projections on its body. The phylogenetic analysis of these Artemia species from two sampling localities was carried out after nucleic acid sequencing. After DNA barcoding of the cytochrome oxidase COI gene, the samples were identified as belonging to A. franciscana.
{"title":"Morphometric and molecular sequencing evidence for the identification of Artemia franciscana (Kellogg, 1906) in Southern India","authors":"Y. Biju, S. Krishnakumar, M. Krishnaveni","doi":"10.22364/eeb.21.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.21.03","url":null,"abstract":"A native of North America, the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana is now a very invasive foreign species that has already been imported to most of the world. Before the introduction of A. franciscana, Asia was home to a wide range of bisexual Artemia species, which is no longer the current case. The collected Artemia samples from salt pans in south India were subjected to exact species identification and determination of phylogeographic origin through morphometric and molecular phylogenetic analysis. The Artemia species was validated with the observation of spiny subspherical frontal knob and distinctive lateral triangular ovisac lobes with projections on its body. The phylogenetic analysis of these Artemia species from two sampling localities was carried out after nucleic acid sequencing. After DNA barcoding of the cytochrome oxidase COI gene, the samples were identified as belonging to A. franciscana.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43437316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results from empirical studies on the impact of habitat fragmentation on genetic variation of populations are controversial, ranging from negative to positive effects. This contradiction has been attributed to either species characteristics (e.g. plant life history) or environmental components (e.g. the scale of habitat fragmentation). To examine the role of DNA marker types on these effects, we carried out a comparative study of seven populations of Capparis spinosa L. (caper, Capparaceae) using ISSR markers and compared these results with those obtained previously using RAPD markers. Although both ISSR and RAPD markers showed high consistency and indicated that genetic variation in populations was not correlated with either geographical distance (P ≥ 0.47, P ≥ 0.83; for ISSR and RAPD, respectively) or altitude (P ≥ 0.535, P ≥ 0.419; for ISSR and RAPD respectively), the levels of variation were related to population size. ISSR analysis showed that genetic variation did not significantly differ between small and large populations (P ≥ 0.4149), while RAPD analysis indicated significant effect of population size on this variation (P ≤ 0.002). This may suggest that, in addition to species and environmental components, types of DNA markers used for assessing population genetic variations affect results on the impact of fragmentation on genetic variation.
{"title":"Impact of habitat fragmentation on genetic structure of Capparis spinosa populations revealed by ISSR markers","authors":"H. Nosrati, Hanife Akbarian","doi":"10.22364/eeb.20.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.20.20","url":null,"abstract":"The results from empirical studies on the impact of habitat fragmentation on genetic variation of populations are controversial, ranging from negative to positive effects. This contradiction has been attributed to either species characteristics (e.g. plant life history) or environmental components (e.g. the scale of habitat fragmentation). To examine the role of DNA marker types on these effects, we carried out a comparative study of seven populations of Capparis spinosa L. (caper, Capparaceae) using ISSR markers and compared these results with those obtained previously using RAPD markers. Although both ISSR and RAPD markers showed high consistency and indicated that genetic variation in populations was not correlated with either geographical distance (P ≥ 0.47, P ≥ 0.83; for ISSR and RAPD, respectively) or altitude (P ≥ 0.535, P ≥ 0.419; for ISSR and RAPD respectively), the levels of variation were related to population size. ISSR analysis showed that genetic variation did not significantly differ between small and large populations (P ≥ 0.4149), while RAPD analysis indicated significant effect of population size on this variation (P ≤ 0.002). This may suggest that, in addition to species and environmental components, types of DNA markers used for assessing population genetic variations affect results on the impact of fragmentation on genetic variation.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47385750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone participating in the acclimation of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses, including salinity. We investigated the possible underlying mechanism of mitigating salt stress by SA using NaCl-treated rice plants sprayed twice with exogenous SA at different concentrations. SA application resulted in increased growth, relative water content, proline accumulation, the quantum efficiency of photosynthesis and activity of superoxide dismutase in NaCl-treated plants. Application of SA decreased Na+ concentration and increased K+ concentration, thus increasing the K+/Na+ ratio. The application of SA mitigated the effect of NaCl by improving plant water status, ion homeostasis and decreased oxidative damage. Foliar application of 0.5 mM SA was more effective in mitigating the salt stress while 2 mM SA was inhibitory, and the second spray of SA showed no significantly enhanced ameliorating effect over the first spray.
水杨酸(SA)是一种参与植物适应生物和非生物胁迫的激素，包括盐度。通过对nacl处理的水稻植株进行两次不同浓度的外源SA喷施，研究了SA缓解盐胁迫的可能机制。施用SA对nacl处理植株的生长、相对含水量、脯氨酸积累、光合量子效率和超氧化物歧化酶活性均有促进作用。SA的施用降低了Na+浓度，提高了K+浓度，从而提高了K+/Na+比值。SA的施用通过改善植株水分状态、离子稳态和减少氧化损伤来减轻NaCl的影响。叶面喷施0.5 mM SA对盐胁迫的缓解效果更好，而2 mM SA对盐胁迫有抑制作用，第二次喷施SA对盐胁迫的改善效果没有显著增强。
{"title":"Exogenous application of salicylic acid mitigates salt stress in rice seedlings by regulating plant water status and preventing oxidative damage","authors":"Ravina Pai, Prabhat Sharma","doi":"10.22364/eeb.20.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.20.18","url":null,"abstract":"Salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone participating in the acclimation of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses, including salinity. We investigated the possible underlying mechanism of mitigating salt stress by SA using NaCl-treated rice plants sprayed twice with exogenous SA at different concentrations. SA application resulted in increased growth, relative water content, proline accumulation, the quantum efficiency of photosynthesis and activity of superoxide dismutase in NaCl-treated plants. Application of SA decreased Na+ concentration and increased K+ concentration, thus increasing the K+/Na+ ratio. The application of SA mitigated the effect of NaCl by improving plant water status, ion homeostasis and decreased oxidative damage. Foliar application of 0.5 mM SA was more effective in mitigating the salt stress while 2 mM SA was inhibitory, and the second spray of SA showed no significantly enhanced ameliorating effect over the first spray.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41935751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) is the most significant deciduous tree species in Latvia. Efficient vegetative reproduction methods are crucial for shortening breeding cycles. In many woody tree species, success of vegetative propagation sharply decreases as individuals mature. Development of molecular genetic markers related to phase change has the potential to increase the efficiency of vegetative reproduction methods. Studies in annual model plant species have identified evolutionary highly conserved miRNAs that are involved in phase change – miR156 and miR172. This study compared expression levels of these miRNA families using two approaches – real-time PCR (RT‑PCR) and high-throughput sequencing, in silver birch in vitro shoot samples. High expression of miR156 in juvenile samples was identified by both methods, but increased expression of miR172 was only observed by RT‑PCR. Further studies in long-lived perennial species are needed to fully elucidate the miRNAs involved in developmental phase transition processes.
{"title":"Expression of highly conserved developmental phase change regulating miR156 and miR172 microRNAs in silver birch using real-time PCR and high-throughput sequencing methodologies","authors":"Baiba Krivmane, I. Samsone, D. Ruņģis","doi":"10.22364/eeb.20.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.20.21","url":null,"abstract":"Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) is the most significant deciduous tree species in Latvia. Efficient vegetative reproduction methods are crucial for shortening breeding cycles. In many woody tree species, success of vegetative propagation sharply decreases as individuals mature. Development of molecular genetic markers related to phase change has the potential to increase the efficiency of vegetative reproduction methods. Studies in annual model plant species have identified evolutionary highly conserved miRNAs that are involved in phase change – miR156 and miR172. This study compared expression levels of these miRNA families using two approaches – real-time PCR (RT‑PCR) and high-throughput sequencing, in silver birch in vitro shoot samples. High expression of miR156 in juvenile samples was identified by both methods, but increased expression of miR172 was only observed by RT‑PCR. Further studies in long-lived perennial species are needed to fully elucidate the miRNAs involved in developmental phase transition processes.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44607207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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