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Adherence of Aeromonas veronii, Shigella flexneri and Escherichia fergusonii with Microcystis-dominated bloom relates to their ability to utilize chitin veronii气单胞菌、福氏志贺菌和弗氏埃希氏菌与微囊藻为主的水华的粘附性与其利用几丁质的能力有关
Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.22364/eeb.20.05
P. K. Dwivedi, D. Bagchi, S. N. Bagchi
The study was undertaken to size-fractionate the bacterial population associated with Microcystis blooms of an eutrophic lake. Two bacterial cultures were isolated from the particulate-bound fraction, and biochemical tests, phylogenetic analysis and homology of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed their high similarity with Aeromonas veronii and Shigella flexneri. Another isolate with characteristics resembling Escherichia fergusonii was obtained in phytoplankton-free water samples. Since these three cultures were enriched on chitin-selective medium, their capability to utilize chitin as a sole C source was examined. The in vivo chitinase activity (as µg N‑acetyglucosamine produced min–1 mL–1 culture) was 82.1, 28.5 and 18.5 for A. veronii, S. flexneri and E. fergusonii, respectively. The corresponding N‑acetylglucosamine accumulation in medium was 421, 288 and 122 µg mL–1. There was also a gradation in growth indices in the three bacteria, which corresponded to their chitin utilization ability. Notwithstanding differences in chitinase activity, the three strains utilized almost equally the exogenous N‑acetylglucosamine. We propose that chitinase activity may have a role in affinity of the particular bacterial cell to phytoplankton extracellular polymeric substances and therefore, adherence ability.
这项研究是为了对富营养化湖泊中与微囊藻水华有关的细菌种群进行分级。从颗粒结合部分中分离出两种细菌培养物,生化测试、系统发育分析和16S rRNA基因序列同源性表明它们与veronii气单胞菌和福氏志贺菌高度相似。在无浮游植物的水样中获得了另一个具有类似于弗氏埃希氏菌特征的分离物。由于这三种培养物在几丁质选择性培养基上富集,因此检测了它们利用几丁质作为唯一C源的能力。A的体内几丁质酶活性(以µg N-乙酰葡糖胺产生的最小-1 mL–1培养物计)分别为82.1、28.5和18.5。veronii,S。福氏菌和E。分别是弗格森。培养基中相应的N-乙酰葡糖胺积累量分别为421、288和122µg mL–1。三种细菌的生长指数也有一定的梯度,这与它们的几丁质利用能力相对应。尽管几丁质酶活性存在差异,但三种菌株对外源N-乙酰葡糖胺的利用率几乎相等。我们提出,几丁质酶活性可能在特定细菌细胞对浮游植物细胞外聚合物的亲和力中起作用,从而影响粘附能力。
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引用次数: 0
Seed germination requirements and responses to salinity and water stress of Centaurea eriophora 毛白杨种子发芽要求及对盐度和水分胁迫的响应
Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.22364/eeb.20.04
Amar Bouker, Zoheir Mehdadi, A. Latrèche, Boubakr Saidi
Centaurea eriophora L. (Asteraceae) is a rare annual plant, found in some Mediterranean regions and requiring conservational measures. The present study was carried out to highlight the species germination behavior under two controlled environmental constraints: salt and water stress. Achenes collected on Mount Tessala (North-West Algeria) were germinated under a water potential gradient (0 to –2.45 MPa) induced by different concentrations of polyethylene glycol and under different concentrations of NaCl (0 to 102 mM). The experiments were conducted at constant temperature. The obtained results showed a high significant effect of salinity and water stress, especially on final germination percentage, while the highest germination (85%) was obtained at control conditions in both of the tests. Under salinity and water stress conditions, there was a significant deterioration in most germination parameters, particularly a lower final germination percentage. The tolerance thresholds for salinity and water deficit were 68 mM and –1.2 MPa respectively. Beyond these values, seed germination of C. eriophora was completely inhibited. The sensitivity of C. eriophora achenes to environmental pressures should be considered in the long-term effective conservation plans.
半马甲(Centaurea eriophora L.)是一种罕见的一年生植物,分布于地中海部分地区,需要采取保护措施。本研究着重研究了盐胁迫和水分胁迫两种受控环境条件下的种子萌发行为。采用不同浓度聚乙二醇诱导水势梯度(0 ~ -2.45 MPa)和不同浓度NaCl (0 ~ 102 mM)对采自阿尔及利亚西北部Tessala山的松果进行萌发试验。实验是在恒温下进行的。结果表明,盐度和水分胁迫对最终发芽率的影响非常显著,特别是对最终发芽率的影响,而在两个试验的对照条件下,发芽率最高(85%)。在盐度和水分胁迫条件下,大多数发芽参数显著恶化,特别是最终发芽率降低。盐度和水分亏缺的耐受阈值分别为68 mM和-1.2 MPa。超过这一值,玉米种子萌发被完全抑制。在制定长期有效的保护计划时,应考虑到沙棘对环境压力的敏感性。
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引用次数: 0
Abstracts of the 80th Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia 拉脱维亚大学第80届科学会议摘要
Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.22364/eeb.20.09
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Abstracts of the 80th Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia
拉脱维亚大学第80届科学会议摘要
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy of biosurfactant as a coating material for post-harvest preservation of jamun fruit (Syzygium cumini) 生物表面活性剂在jamun果实采后保鲜中的应用效果
Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.22364/eeb.20.02
Jyoti Solanki, S. More, Kaushik A. Jodhani, Dhaval Patel, M. Nataraj
Syzygium cumini L., Indian blackberry, popularly known as ‘jamun’, is an extremely perishable fruit with high antioxidant, nutritive and medicinal values. The present study investigated the efficacy of biosurfactant alone and/or in combination with gum ghatti and xanthan gum as edible coating to enhance shelf life and quality of jamun fruit. Coating treatments included 3% gum ghatti (T1), 0.1% xanthan gum (T2), 2% biosurfactant (T3), 3% gum ghatti and 2% biosurfactant (T4), and 0.1% xanthan gum and 2% biosurfactant (T5). Fruit quality was checked at regular intervals by evaluating physiochemical parameters and enzyme assays. The coating treatments reduced weight loss and decay percentage of jamun compared to the control. The increase of total soluble solid concentration was less in fruits treated with gum ghatti ans well as xanthan gum and biosurfactant than in the control. Moreover, sugar (glucose, fructose and sucrose) concentration was lower in treated fruit, especially, in the treatment with biosurfactant alone and in combination with gum ghatti. Concentration of phenolic substances increased in fruit treated with biosurfactant and in combination with xanthan gum. Concentration of ascorbic acid remained unchanged in fruit coated with biosurfactant. Activity of cell wall degrading enzymes was reduced in biosurfactant-treated fruit throughout the storage period. Conclusively, biosurfactant can be used as a promising edible coating, as it delays metabolic changes, maintains firmness and quality of jamun, and therefore increases the shelf life of jamun during postharvest storage.
印度黑莓,俗称“jamun”,是一种极易腐烂的水果,具有很高的抗氧化、营养和药用价值。研究了生物表面活性剂单独和/或与甘迪胶和黄原胶联合作为可食性包衣剂对jamun果保质期和品质的影响。包衣处理包括3%甘露胶(T1)、0.1%黄原胶(T2)、2%生物表面活性剂(T3)、3%甘露胶和2%生物表面活性剂(T4)、0.1%黄原胶和2%生物表面活性剂(T5)。通过评价理化参数和酶分析,定期检查果实品质。与对照组相比,包衣处理降低了jamun的失重率和腐烂率。加黄原胶和生物表面活性剂处理的果实可溶性固形物总浓度的增加幅度小于对照。此外,糖(葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖)浓度在处理后的水果中较低,特别是单独使用生物表面活性剂和与口香糖联合使用时。生物表面活性剂处理和与黄原胶联合处理的果实中酚类物质浓度均有提高。生物表面活性剂包膜后的果实抗坏血酸浓度保持不变。生物表面活性剂处理的果实在贮藏期间细胞壁降解酶活性降低。综上所述,生物表面活性剂可以延缓jamun的代谢变化,保持jamun的硬度和质量,从而延长jamun采后储存的保质期,是一种有前景的食用涂层。
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引用次数: 0
Phytoparasitic nematodes as the major threat to viticulture 植物寄生线虫是葡萄栽培的主要威胁
Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.22364/eeb.20.01
I. M. Malik, H. Tak, G. M. Lone, Wasim Muzamil Dass
Grape plants (Vitis vinifera L.), like other major horticultural crops, suffer from attacks by plant pathogenic nematodes. These parasites are a serious burden for viticulturists all over the world and lead to reduced vine vigour and crop yield. The major nematode parasites infesting grapevines include Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., Criconemella spp., Tylenchulus spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Heterodera spp. etc. Besides these genera, some nematode genera like Xiphinema, Paralongidorus and Longidorus are known to transmit viral diseases in grapevines, as they act as vectors to many viruses e.g. grapevine fanleaf virus. These pathogenic nematodes are becoming an important element affecting vine health, vigour and productivity. The present paper provides a brief overview of the diversity of phytoparasitic nematodes parasitizing vineyards, some viruses transmitted to grapevines via these parasitic nematodes and also outlines the management practices like crop rotation, hot water treatment, use of biological agents as well as use of organic amendments in controlling phytoparasitic nematodes in general.
葡萄植物,像其他主要的园艺作物一样,遭受植物病原线虫的攻击。这些寄生虫对世界各地的葡萄种植者来说是一个严重的负担,并导致葡萄活力和作物产量下降。葡萄寄生线虫主要有Meloidogyne spp、Pratylenchus spp、Criconemella spp、tylenchus spp、Helicotylenchus spp、Heterodera spp等。除了这些属外,一些线虫属,如Xiphinema、Paralongidorus和Longidorus,已知会在葡萄藤上传播病毒性疾病,因为它们是许多病毒(如葡萄藤扇叶病毒)的载体。这些致病线虫正在成为影响葡萄健康、活力和生产力的重要因素。本文简要介绍了寄生在葡萄园中的植物寄生线虫的多样性,以及通过这些寄生线虫传播给葡萄的一些病毒,并概述了作物轮作、热水处理、使用生物制剂以及使用有机改良剂等管理方法来控制植物寄生线虫。
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引用次数: 1
Indirect organogenesis in Ephedra foliata 麻黄叶的间接器官发生
Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.22364/eeb.20.06
Mahabir Singh, K. Yadav, Narender Singh
Ephedra foliata Boiss. ex C.A. Mey (Ephedraceae) is a well-known source of the alkaloid ephedrine used for the treatment of chronic asthma and associated respiratory ailments. This investigation was conducted to standardize an efficient regeneration protocol for E. foliata via indirect organogenesis through intermodal explants. Maximum callus induction (80.3%) was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L‑1 2,4‑dichlorophenoxyacetic acid + 0.5 mg L‑1 kinetin and additives (50 mg L‑1 ascorbic acid and 25 mg L‑1 citric acid). The maximum shoot regeneration (n = 5.27) was achieved on MS medium containing 6.0 mg L‑1 kinetin, followed by 5.0 mg L‑1 6‑benzylamino purine (n = 4.27). MS half strength medium with 3.0 mg L‑1 α‑naphthalene acetic acid resulted in the highest rooting percentage (32%). Sixty percent of the plantlets survived during acclimatization and were successfully transferred under field conditions. These plants and callus will be a suitable source of plant material for mass multiplication, genetic modification for enhanced bioactive constituents, and germplasm conservation.
小叶麻黄。前C.A.Mey(麻黄素科)是用于治疗慢性哮喘和相关呼吸道疾病的生物碱麻黄碱的众所周知的来源。本研究旨在使E。叶片通过互交外植体间接器官发生。在Murashige和Skoog(MS)培养基上,添加0.5 mg L-1 2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸+0.5 mg L-1激动素和添加剂(50 mg L-1抗坏血酸和25 mg L-1柠檬酸),愈伤组织诱导率最高(80.3%)。在含有6.0 mg L-1激动素的MS培养基上获得了最大的芽再生(n=5.27),其次是5.0 mg L-1 6-苄基氨基嘌呤(n=4.27)。含有3.0 mg L-1α-萘乙酸的MS半强度培养基的生根率最高(32%)。60%的植株在驯化过程中存活下来,并在田间条件下成功转移。这些植物和愈伤组织将是植物材料的合适来源,用于大规模繁殖、增强生物活性成分的遗传修饰和种质保护。
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引用次数: 0
Threatened to least concern and after: the Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis in Latvia 最不受关注的威胁:拉脱维亚的Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis
Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.22364/eeb.20.08
Hakon Kampe-Persson
In Latvia, the Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis was, except for a period in the first half of the 19th century, reported to be rare or relatively rare from the late 18th century to about 2010. The marked change in conservation status from threatened in 1985 to least concern in 2000 was due to better knowledge about the situation at the Russian breeding grounds and had nothing to do with the occurrence in Latvia. Since the first flock ever of at least 100 individuals was observed in April 2007, the number of spring-staging birds has shown a steady increase. In 2021, numbers reached 5000 birds in the Svēte flood-plain staging area and more than 10 000 in the country as a whole. Numbers were lower in autumn. There are no recoveries or re-sightings of marked individuals indicating the origin of the staging birds. The increase in numbers in Latvia coincided with a marked decline in importance of the islands in the Baltic Sea for breeding and spring-staging Barnacle Geese.
在拉脱维亚,除了19世纪上半叶的一段时间外,据报道,从18世纪末到2010年左右,Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis是罕见的或相对罕见的。保护状况从1985年的受威胁到2000年的最不受关注的显著变化是由于对俄罗斯繁殖地的情况有了更好的了解,与拉脱维亚的情况无关。自2007年4月首次观察到至少有100只个体的鸟群以来,春季候鸟的数量一直在稳步增长。2021年,Svēte洪泛平原集散地的鸟类数量达到5000只,整个国家的鸟类数量超过1万只。秋季的数量较低。没有恢复或重新发现有标记的个体,表明分期鸟类的起源。拉脱维亚藤壶鹅数量的增加与波罗的海岛屿对藤壶鹅繁殖和春季繁殖的重要性显著下降相吻合。
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引用次数: 0
Responses of growth and antioxidative enzymes to different Ni concentrations in castor bean (Ricinus communis) 蓖麻生长及抗氧化酶对不同镍浓度的响应
Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.22364/eeb.20.07
Munmi Dutta, M. Bhuyan, Sarbeswar Kalita
A pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of nickel on growth and biochemical parameters of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Castor seedlings were grown in control conditions or in soil amended with 50, 100, 300 and 500 mg kg‑1 of Ni. Plants were harvested after 60 days of sowing. A significant decrease in growth, and concentration of chlorophyll and carotenoids were observed with increasing concentrations of Ni. Leaf proline and malondialdehyde concentration increased considerably in response to Ni application. It was observed that the protein concentration in the leaves of castor plants decreased significantly with the increase in Ni concentrations in soil. An increase in protein content and enzyme activities was observed at increasing Ni concentration in soil. Significant changes in the antioxidative enzyme activities were observed in R. communis treated with varying Ni doses. It was found that with increasing concentrations of Ni in soil, the activity of the enzymes also increased. This suggests that the increase of enzyme activity due to Ni toxicity might play a role in the defence response of R. communis.
通过盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度镍对蓖麻生长及生化指标的影响。蓖麻幼苗在对照条件下生长,或在土壤中添加50、100、300和500 mg kg - 1的镍。播种60天后收获植株。随着Ni浓度的增加,植株的生长、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均显著降低。叶片脯氨酸和丙二醛浓度显著增加。结果表明,随着土壤中Ni浓度的增加,蓖麻叶片中蛋白质含量显著降低。随着土壤中镍浓度的增加,土壤中蛋白质含量和酶活性均有所增加。不同剂量的镍处理对芦笋抗氧化酶活性有显著影响。结果表明,随着土壤中Ni浓度的增加,这些酶的活性也随之增加。这表明,镍中毒引起的酶活性升高可能在田鼠的防御反应中起作用。
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引用次数: 0
Diverse molecular phenotypes of ATP7B protein in Wilson disease: functional insights and therapeutic implications Wilson病中ATP7B蛋白的不同分子表型:功能见解和治疗意义
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.22364/eeb.19.18
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引用次数: 0
Relationship between forest biodiversity attributes and potential carbon stocks in dry tropical reserve forests of Assam, northeast India 印度东北部阿萨姆邦干燥热带保护区森林生物多样性属性与潜在碳储量的关系
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.22364/eeb.19.22
{"title":"Relationship between forest biodiversity attributes and potential carbon stocks in dry tropical reserve forests of Assam, northeast India","authors":"","doi":"10.22364/eeb.19.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.19.22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42702728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Environmental and Experimental Biology
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