A. Osvalde, A. Karlsons, G. Cekstere, Laura Āboliņa, Solveiga Malecka
Inconsistent results on the effects of humic substances (HS) on yield and nutrient status of important food crops, including oilseeds, confirm the need for further research on different HS products to match their use to actual field conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of commercially produced peat- and vermicompost-derived HS preparations on nutrient status and yield of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus). The field experiment was carried out in Stende State Cereals Breeding Institute, Latvia, during the vegetation season of 2012, using the spring oilseed rape cultivar ‘Perfect’. Although foliar sprays of HS were applied during the critical stages of crop development from rapid growth to flowering, they were ineffective in improving the supply of the deficient nutrients (N, K, B, Zn, Cu) in leaves. Moreover, both tested HS products caused a decrease in Cu and B content in the seeds, which resulted in a negative trend in oilseed rape seed yield. Therefore, the conducted experiment demonstrated that foliar application of both HS preparations was ineffective to promote nutrient status and did not contribute to spring oilseed rape yield.
腐殖质（HS）对包括油菜籽在内的重要粮食作物的产量和养分状况的影响结果不一致，这证明有必要进一步研究不同的腐殖质产品，使其使用符合实际的田间条件。本研究旨在评估叶面喷施市售泥炭和蛭石腐殖质制剂对春季油菜（芸苔属）养分状况和产量的影响。田间试验于 2012 年植被季节在拉脱维亚斯坦德国家谷物育种研究所进行，使用的是春油菜栽培品种 "完美"。虽然在作物从快速生长到开花的关键生长阶段喷施了叶面肥，但对改善叶片中缺乏的养分（氮、钾、硼、锌、铜）的供应效果不佳。此外，两种受测的 HS 产品都会导致种子中 Cu 和 B 含量下降，从而导致油菜籽产量呈负增长趋势。因此，实验表明，叶面喷施这两种 HS 制剂无法有效改善养分状况，也无助于提高春季油菜产量。
{"title":"Foliar application of commercial humic substances for possible increase of nutrient status and yield of oilseed rape","authors":"A. Osvalde, A. Karlsons, G. Cekstere, Laura Āboliņa, Solveiga Malecka","doi":"10.22364/eeb.22.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.22.01","url":null,"abstract":"Inconsistent results on the effects of humic substances (HS) on yield and nutrient status of important food crops, including oilseeds, confirm the need for further research on different HS products to match their use to actual field conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of commercially produced peat- and vermicompost-derived HS preparations on nutrient status and yield of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus). The field experiment was carried out in Stende State Cereals Breeding Institute, Latvia, during the vegetation season of 2012, using the spring oilseed rape cultivar ‘Perfect’. Although foliar sprays of HS were applied during the critical stages of crop development from rapid growth to flowering, they were ineffective in improving the supply of the deficient nutrients (N, K, B, Zn, Cu) in leaves. Moreover, both tested HS products caused a decrease in Cu and B content in the seeds, which resulted in a negative trend in oilseed rape seed yield. Therefore, the conducted experiment demonstrated that foliar application of both HS preparations was ineffective to promote nutrient status and did not contribute to spring oilseed rape yield.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is severely affected by drought stress, which leads to decreased rice production in rainfed ecosystems worldwide. Particularly, modern rice varieties are more susceptible to drought stress rather than traditional rice varieties. In the present study, a modern short-term rice variety, ADT37, abundantly cultivated in the Cauvery delta region of the southern part of India, was improved for grain yield by introducing qDTY1.1 through the conventional backcross method. Positive F1 progenies were identified using RM431 linked with qDTY1.1 in PCR amplification. In phenotypic selection, rice progenies with suitable plant height to avoid linkage drag as well as high degree of drought tolerance to manage the drought stress were selected and advanced through the backcrossing process up to the BC3 generation. Finally, two near isogenic lines with equal plant height to the recurrent parent and high degree of drought tolerance were selected. A positive effect of qDTY1.1 on plant height and fertile seeds was revealed. In the future, the selected superior near isogenic lines would be useful to rice researchers and farmers facing unexpected water crises. Moreover, the morphological marker associated with the performance of crops according to the intensity of stress will support climate resilient agriculture.
{"title":"Drought tolerance improvement for grain yield of a modern rice variety based on morphological and physiological response","authors":"Rajendiran Salomi, Palani Vignesh, Srinivasan Bharathkumar","doi":"10.22364/eeb.22.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.22.02","url":null,"abstract":"Growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is severely affected by drought stress, which leads to decreased rice production in rainfed ecosystems worldwide. Particularly, modern rice varieties are more susceptible to drought stress rather than traditional rice varieties. In the present study, a modern short-term rice variety, ADT37, abundantly cultivated in the Cauvery delta region of the southern part of India, was improved for grain yield by introducing qDTY1.1 through the conventional backcross method. Positive F1 progenies were identified using RM431 linked with qDTY1.1 in PCR amplification. In phenotypic selection, rice progenies with suitable plant height to avoid linkage drag as well as high degree of drought tolerance to manage the drought stress were selected and advanced through the backcrossing process up to the BC3 generation. Finally, two near isogenic lines with equal plant height to the recurrent parent and high degree of drought tolerance were selected. A positive effect of qDTY1.1 on plant height and fertile seeds was revealed. In the future, the selected superior near isogenic lines would be useful to rice researchers and farmers facing unexpected water crises. Moreover, the morphological marker associated with the performance of crops according to the intensity of stress will support climate resilient agriculture.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140693715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vilbasteana oculata (hemipteran) and Otiorhynchus smreczynskii (beetle) are alien species in countries around the Baltic Sea, and they are continuing to spread. Sometimes when entering new areas where other plant species are found, herbivores tend to add to their range of food plants. Knowledge of the feeding trends of particular insect species can be useful in predicting possible changes in insect-plant trophic relationships in other regions where they expanding in range. This study looks at the feeding trends of two insect species – V. oculata and O. smreczynskii. The study was carried out mainly in Latvia, as well as in other expeditions in Estonia, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden. In this study, four Fraxinus and four Ligustrum species were confirmed as the new food plants for V. oculata. The main food plants for adults of O. smreczynskii probably originally belonged to the genera Ligustrum and Syringa. In this study, a number of alternative food plants have been recorded for the first time, generally woody and some herbaceous plants. Most of the newly registered food plants for O. smreczynskii belong to the families Oleaceae and Rosaceae. Other food plants belong to the families Adoxaceae, Celastraceae, Elaeagnaceae, Ericaceae, Grossulariaceae, and Rhamnaceae. V. oculata was confirmed in Poland (2017) and Sweden (2019) for the first time.
Vilbasteana oculata（半翅目）和 Otiorhynchus smreczynskii（甲虫）是波罗的海周边国家的外来物种，而且还在继续扩散。有时，食草动物在进入有其他植物物种的新地区时，往往会增加它们的食物植物范围。了解特定昆虫物种的取食趋势有助于预测昆虫-植物营养关系在它们扩大范围的其他地区可能发生的变化。本研究考察了两种昆虫--V. oculata 和 O. smreczynskii--的取食趋势。研究主要在拉脱维亚进行，同时还在爱沙尼亚、立陶宛、波兰和瑞典进行了其他考察。在这项研究中，4 种 Fraxinus 和 4 种女贞被确认为 V. oculata 的新食物植物。斯麦琴斯基（O. smreczynskii）成虫的主要食物植物最初可能属于女贞属和丁香属。在这项研究中，首次记录了一些替代性食物植物，一般为木本植物，也有一些草本植物。大部分新登记的铁线莲食用植物属于油茶科和蔷薇科。其他食物植物属于 Adoxaceae、Celastraceae、Elaeagnaceae、Ericaceae、Grossulariaceae 和 Rhamnaceae 科。波兰（2017 年）和瑞典（2019 年）首次确认了 V. oculata。
{"title":"New food plants for insects Vilbasteana oculata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Otiorhynchus smreczynskii (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Baltic region","authors":"A. Stalažs","doi":"10.22364/eeb.22.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.22.03","url":null,"abstract":"Vilbasteana oculata (hemipteran) and Otiorhynchus smreczynskii (beetle) are alien species in countries around the Baltic Sea, and they are continuing to spread. Sometimes when entering new areas where other plant species are found, herbivores tend to add to their range of food plants. Knowledge of the feeding trends of particular insect species can be useful in predicting possible changes in insect-plant trophic relationships in other regions where they expanding in range. This study looks at the feeding trends of two insect species – V. oculata and O. smreczynskii. The study was carried out mainly in Latvia, as well as in other expeditions in Estonia, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden. In this study, four Fraxinus and four Ligustrum species were confirmed as the new food plants for V. oculata. The main food plants for adults of O. smreczynskii probably originally belonged to the genera Ligustrum and Syringa. In this study, a number of alternative food plants have been recorded for the first time, generally woody and some herbaceous plants. Most of the newly registered food plants for O. smreczynskii belong to the families Oleaceae and Rosaceae. Other food plants belong to the families Adoxaceae, Celastraceae, Elaeagnaceae, Ericaceae, Grossulariaceae, and Rhamnaceae. V. oculata was confirmed in Poland (2017) and Sweden (2019) for the first time.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mališevs A., Makarova S., Konvisers G., Ķibilds J., Labecka L., Valciņa O., Grantiņa-Ieviņa L. Diversity of bacteria in drinking water samples from apartment buildings and hotels due to the incidence of Legionella spp. andfree-living protozoa Gailīte A., Ruņģis D.E. First steps in in situ conservation of crop wild relatives in Latvia Grantiņa-Ieviņa L., Ķibilds J., Kovaļčuka L., Boikmanis G., Ortlova K., Mališevs A., Bebre E., Ievinsh G. Monitoring of ruderal rapeseed populations in areas potentially contaminated with genetically modified plants Purmale L., Ievinsh G. Comparison of salt tolerance of Tripolium pannonicum in tissue culture using agar-solidified and liquid medium with a temporary immersion system Boikmanis G., Šteingolde Ž., Ķibilds J., Grantiņa-Ieviņa L., Bērziņš A. Incidence of Coxiella burnetii DNA in milk samples of dairy cows in the years 2022 – 2023 Kotova A., Orlovskis Z., Pugačevskis D., Voroņins Ē., Jae-Lee S. Characterisation of arbuscular mycorrhiza-mediated intra- and inter-plant defence pre-activation and priming responses in Daucus carota Pugačevskis D., Kotova A., Voroņins Ē., Jae-Lee S., Orlovskis Z. Investigation of arbuscular mycorrhiza-mediated systemic and inter-plant defence responses in Medicago trucatula Voroņins Ē., Kotova A., Pugačevskis D., Orlovskis Z., Jae-Lee S. Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal mediated inter-plant signaling in Medicago truncatula resistance to fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium sporotrichoides
Mališevs A., Makarova S., Konvisers G., Ķibilds J., Labecka L., Valciņa O., Grantiņa-Ieviņa L. Diversity of bacteria in drinking water samples from apartment buildings and hotels due to the incidence of Legionella spp、Ruņģis D.E. 拉脱维亚作物野生近缘植物就地保护的第一步 Grantiņa-Ieviņa L., Ķibilds J., Kovaļčuka L., Boikmanis G., Ortlova K., Mališevs A., Bebre E., Ievinsh G.监测可能受转基因植物污染地区的油菜花种群 Purmale L., Ievinsh G.使用琼脂固化培养基和液体培养基及临时浸泡系统进行组织培养的泛酸三叶草耐盐性比较 Boikmanis G., Šteingolde Ž., Ķibilds J., Grantiņa-Ieviņa L.、Bērziņš A. 2022 - 2023 年奶牛牛奶样本中烧伤柯西氏菌 DNA 的发生率 Kotova A.、Orlovskis Z.、Pugačevskis D.、Voroņins Ē.、Jae-Lee S. Characterisation of arbuscular mycorrhiza-mediated intra- and inter-plant defence pre-activation and priming responses in Daucus carota Pugačevskis D.、Kotova A., Voroņins Ē., Jae-Lee S., Orlovskis Z. Investigation of arbuscular mycorrhiza-mediated systemic and inter-plant defence responses in Medicago trucatula Voroņins Ē., Kotova A., Jae-Lee S., Orlovskis Z、Pugačevskis D., Orlovskis Z., Jae-Lee S. Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal mediated inter-plant signaling in Medicago truncatula resistance to fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium sporotrichoides
{"title":"Abstracts of the 82nd Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia","authors":"G. Ievinsh","doi":"10.22364/eeb.22.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.22.05","url":null,"abstract":"Mališevs A., Makarova S., Konvisers G., Ķibilds J., Labecka L., Valciņa O., Grantiņa-Ieviņa L. Diversity of bacteria in drinking water samples from apartment buildings and hotels due to the incidence of Legionella spp. andfree-living protozoa \u0000Gailīte A., Ruņģis D.E. First steps in in situ conservation of crop wild relatives in Latvia \u0000Grantiņa-Ieviņa L., Ķibilds J., Kovaļčuka L., Boikmanis G., Ortlova K., Mališevs A., Bebre E., Ievinsh G. Monitoring of ruderal rapeseed populations in areas potentially contaminated with genetically modified plants \u0000Purmale L., Ievinsh G. Comparison of salt tolerance of Tripolium pannonicum in tissue culture using agar-solidified and liquid medium with a temporary immersion system \u0000Boikmanis G., Šteingolde Ž., Ķibilds J., Grantiņa-Ieviņa L., Bērziņš A. Incidence of Coxiella burnetii DNA in milk samples of dairy cows in the years 2022 – 2023 \u0000Kotova A., Orlovskis Z., Pugačevskis D., Voroņins Ē., Jae-Lee S. Characterisation of arbuscular mycorrhiza-mediated intra- and inter-plant defence pre-activation and priming responses in Daucus carota \u0000Pugačevskis D., Kotova A., Voroņins Ē., Jae-Lee S., Orlovskis Z. Investigation of arbuscular mycorrhiza-mediated systemic and inter-plant defence responses in Medicago trucatula \u0000Voroņins Ē., Kotova A., Pugačevskis D., Orlovskis Z., Jae-Lee S. Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal mediated inter-plant signaling in Medicago truncatula resistance to fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium sporotrichoides","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marylene M. Demapitan, Florence Roy P. Salvaña, Cherie Cano-Mangaoang
Mangrove forests play a vital role in the environment. They provide a number of ecosystem services for supporting marine biodiversity, humans, and other living organisms inhabiting the area. This study aimed to determine the community structure and regeneration capacity of mangrove forests in Lebak, Sultan Kudarat, Philippines. Community structure was determined through relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance, and importance value. Using the center point circular plot method, 13 plots with 40 m diameter were established in two sampling sites: natural stand and reforested. Shannon-Weiner diversity and evenness indexes were used to determine species diversity and distribution, respectively. This study recorded a total of 14 462 individuals within the 1256 m² sampling plots, having Rhizophoraceae as the most abundant family with seven species that cover about 71% of both mangrove ecosystems. The vegetation analysis revealed that Ceriops tagal (70.35%) and Rhizophora mucronata (96.51%) had the highest importance value in the natural stand and reforested mangrove forests, respectively. Furthermore, these two species were also accounted for having the highest regeneration contribution among all species in each site. Shannon-Weiner diversity index revealed that the natural stand was more diverse compared to the reforested mangrove forest. However, the Shannon-Weiner evenness index showed that species in the reforested mangrove forest are more evenly distributed than species in the natural stand. Natural mangrove stands in Lebak have complex community structure and have higher regeneration capacity than the reforested mangrove forest. With this, the study suggested continuing the best practices employed for mangrove conservation in the area and crafting a strategic plan for sustainable mangrove resource utilization.
{"title":"Community structure and regeneration capacity of mangrove forest","authors":"Marylene M. Demapitan, Florence Roy P. Salvaña, Cherie Cano-Mangaoang","doi":"10.22364/eeb.21.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.21.13","url":null,"abstract":"Mangrove forests play a vital role in the environment. They provide a number of ecosystem services for supporting marine biodiversity, humans, and other living organisms inhabiting the area. This study aimed to determine the community structure and regeneration capacity of mangrove forests in Lebak, Sultan Kudarat, Philippines. Community structure was determined through relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance, and importance value. Using the center point circular plot method, 13 plots with 40 m diameter were established in two sampling sites: natural stand and reforested. Shannon-Weiner diversity and evenness indexes were used to determine species diversity and distribution, respectively. This study recorded a total of 14 462 individuals within the 1256 m² sampling plots, having Rhizophoraceae as the most abundant family with seven species that cover about 71% of both mangrove ecosystems. The vegetation analysis revealed that Ceriops tagal (70.35%) and Rhizophora mucronata (96.51%) had the highest importance value in the natural stand and reforested mangrove forests, respectively. Furthermore, these two species were also accounted for having the highest regeneration contribution among all species in each site. Shannon-Weiner diversity index revealed that the natural stand was more diverse compared to the reforested mangrove forest. However, the Shannon-Weiner evenness index showed that species in the reforested mangrove forest are more evenly distributed than species in the natural stand. Natural mangrove stands in Lebak have complex community structure and have higher regeneration capacity than the reforested mangrove forest. With this, the study suggested continuing the best practices employed for mangrove conservation in the area and crafting a strategic plan for sustainable mangrove resource utilization.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":"119 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139530328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agriculture has played an important role in human life, both for sustaining life and livelihood. The population explosion has necessitated huge agricultural production. Consequently, there has been modernisation of agriculture not only in farming practices, but also in introducing improved agricultural implements, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, synthetic pesticides, and high-yielding seeds. Agricultural intensification and monoculture make it possible to increase crop production, to a large extent gaining food security, but paying no or little attention to environmental well-being. Intensive tillage leads to soil erosion, nutrient loss, and soil organic carbon loss, which affects the soil biota. Extraction of underground water for irrigation causes groundwater levels to drop and hinders aquifer recharge. Monoculture and the cultivation of high-yielding crops lead to the loss of many indigenous crop varieties and the prevalence of pests and pathogens. Extensive chemical fertiliser application can cause soil acidification, eutrophication, and nitrate contamination in groundwater through leaching. Indiscriminate use of pesticides is a potential threat for non-target organisms, including humans. The agriculture sector contributes a considerable portion of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Therefore, the only way to protect our mother earth and create a healthy environment is through sustainable agriculture to ensure food safety and security.
{"title":"Balancing food security and environmental safety: rethinking modern agricultural practices","authors":"Rajib Majumder","doi":"10.22364/eeb.21.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.21.12","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture has played an important role in human life, both for sustaining life and livelihood. The population explosion has necessitated huge agricultural production. Consequently, there has been modernisation of agriculture not only in farming practices, but also in introducing improved agricultural implements, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, synthetic pesticides, and high-yielding seeds. Agricultural intensification and monoculture make it possible to increase crop production, to a large extent gaining food security, but paying no or little attention to environmental well-being. Intensive tillage leads to soil erosion, nutrient loss, and soil organic carbon loss, which affects the soil biota. Extraction of underground water for irrigation causes groundwater levels to drop and hinders aquifer recharge. Monoculture and the cultivation of high-yielding crops lead to the loss of many indigenous crop varieties and the prevalence of pests and pathogens. Extensive chemical fertiliser application can cause soil acidification, eutrophication, and nitrate contamination in groundwater through leaching. Indiscriminate use of pesticides is a potential threat for non-target organisms, including humans. The agriculture sector contributes a considerable portion of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Therefore, the only way to protect our mother earth and create a healthy environment is through sustainable agriculture to ensure food safety and security.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Temperate forests of the Eastern Himalayan region are undergoing a noticeable transformation due to invasion and over-dominance by indigenous Yushania maling, Maling bamboo. In the present study, the impact of invasion of Maling bamboo on forest species composition in the Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary located in Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India was investigated, using a comparative approach. Ten plots each from Maling and non-Maling habitats at 10 sites were sampled using the nested quadrat method. Maling-infested plots showed lower species richness and diversity compared to non-Maling plots. The Maling-infested plots harboured 119 species compared to 165 species in non‑Maling plots. Across habitat and vegetation strata, diversity indices such as Shannon-Weiner, Menhinick, Simpson, and evenness consistently indicated lower diversity in Maling-dominated habitats accompanied by higher dominance scores. Significantly lower shrub and herb species diversity were observed in Maling plots, along with elevated shrub density and moderately lower tree density as compared to non‑Maling plots. The sapling species diversity and density were significantly lower in Maling plots, along with moderately reduced seedling density. The average Maling culm density was 1232.8 per 0.04 ha. These results underscore the adverse impact of Maling bamboo over-dominance on species composition of shrub, herbs, sapling and seedlings, and the density of trees, shrubs, saplings and seedlings within the temperate forests. Potential management strategies for the native species are discussed.
{"title":"Relationship between Maling bamboo (Yushania maling) invasion and decrease of plant species diversity in the Eastern Himalayan temperate forest","authors":"Upakar Rai, Barkha Rai","doi":"10.22364/eeb.21.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.21.09","url":null,"abstract":"Temperate forests of the Eastern Himalayan region are undergoing a noticeable transformation due to invasion and over-dominance by indigenous Yushania maling, Maling bamboo. In the present study, the impact of invasion of Maling bamboo on forest species composition in the Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary located in Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India was investigated, using a comparative approach. Ten plots each from Maling and non-Maling habitats at 10 sites were sampled using the nested quadrat method. Maling-infested plots showed lower species richness and diversity compared to non-Maling plots. The Maling-infested plots harboured 119 species compared to 165 species in non‑Maling plots. Across habitat and vegetation strata, diversity indices such as Shannon-Weiner, Menhinick, Simpson, and evenness consistently indicated lower diversity in Maling-dominated habitats accompanied by higher dominance scores. Significantly lower shrub and herb species diversity were observed in Maling plots, along with elevated shrub density and moderately lower tree density as compared to non‑Maling plots. The sapling species diversity and density were significantly lower in Maling plots, along with moderately reduced seedling density. The average Maling culm density was 1232.8 per 0.04 ha. These results underscore the adverse impact of Maling bamboo over-dominance on species composition of shrub, herbs, sapling and seedlings, and the density of trees, shrubs, saplings and seedlings within the temperate forests. Potential management strategies for the native species are discussed.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139289583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The degradative efficiency of the recently identified species, Rhizobium petrolearium, on crude oil, diesel, petrol and kerosene was analysed in this study in order to assess its potential as a bioresource in environmental remediation and to investigate the effect of pollutant concentration on degradation efficiency. The identity of the isolate was confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing and the variation in crude oil and fuel concentration during the biodegradation assay were measured using gas chromatography. Crude oil and the fuels were readily biodegradable at both single and tenfold concentrations, with petrol being the most degraded by the end of the study. Pollutant concentration was shown to affect degradation properties. At 1% concentration, the hydrocarbon compounds were almost completely degraded (99.3 to 99.6%) by day 5, but at the 10% concentration, the degradation level ranged from 31.8 to 63.8% on day 21. Crude oil and diesel oil showed the lowest biodegradation rates at 1% concentration and had half-lives of 0.68 and 0.64 days, respectively. Crude oil and kerosene were the most poorly degraded at 10% concentration with half-lives of 39.61 and 19.80 days, respectively. The C9 – C17 aliphatic fractions were generally the most readily utilised. This study presents a description of the biodegradation capabilities of R. petrolearium against crude oil and its derivative fuels and provides data regarding the possible role of this isolate in the development of bioaugmentation-focused bioremediation systems.
{"title":"Degradation properties of Rhizobium petrolearium on different concentrations of crude oil and its derivative fuels","authors":"Anwuli U. Osadebe, Chika B. Chukwu","doi":"10.22364/eeb.21.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.21.10","url":null,"abstract":"The degradative efficiency of the recently identified species, Rhizobium petrolearium, on crude oil, diesel, petrol and kerosene was analysed in this study in order to assess its potential as a bioresource in environmental remediation and to investigate the effect of pollutant concentration on degradation efficiency. The identity of the isolate was confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing and the variation in crude oil and fuel concentration during the biodegradation assay were measured using gas chromatography. Crude oil and the fuels were readily biodegradable at both single and tenfold concentrations, with petrol being the most degraded by the end of the study. Pollutant concentration was shown to affect degradation properties. At 1% concentration, the hydrocarbon compounds were almost completely degraded (99.3 to 99.6%) by day 5, but at the 10% concentration, the degradation level ranged from 31.8 to 63.8% on day 21. Crude oil and diesel oil showed the lowest biodegradation rates at 1% concentration and had half-lives of 0.68 and 0.64 days, respectively. Crude oil and kerosene were the most poorly degraded at 10% concentration with half-lives of 39.61 and 19.80 days, respectively. The C9 – C17 aliphatic fractions were generally the most readily utilised. This study presents a description of the biodegradation capabilities of R. petrolearium against crude oil and its derivative fuels and provides data regarding the possible role of this isolate in the development of bioaugmentation-focused bioremediation systems.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139289461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Demetrio P. Emejas Jr., Cromwel Jumao-as, Florence Roy P. Salvaña
Fungal disease is one of the major challenges that affects yield quality and profit in dragon fruit production today, as it causes a considerable amount of production loss. In this study, fungal pathogens of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) plants in Southern Philippines were identified. Sample collection was conducted in selected farms in Saranggani Province, Philippines. Diseased parts of the dragon fruit plants were collected and brought to the laboratory to culture its associated fungi. Grown fungi were pure cultured and subjected to pathogenicity testing using the detached stem method. A total of eight distinct fungal colonies were isolated from the collected dragon fruit samples. The pathogenicity test revealed that three of the isolates caused lesions in a healthy dragon fruit plant tissue, which turned yellow soft and watery as the infection progressed. The three pathogenic isolates were molecularly identified as Fusarium oxysporum (FRI3), Aspergillus minisclerotigenes (FRI2), and Fusarium incarnatum (FLI3). Interestingly, F. incarnatum and A. minisclerotigenes were new recorded pathogens of dragon fruit. Identification of fungal pathogens on economically important crops is an essential step in the development of strategies to address problems related to fungal diseases which, in turn, will help farmers to enhance their production.
{"title":"Identification of common fungal pathogens of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) in Sarangani Province, Philippines","authors":"Demetrio P. Emejas Jr., Cromwel Jumao-as, Florence Roy P. Salvaña","doi":"10.22364/eeb.21.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.21.11","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal disease is one of the major challenges that affects yield quality and profit in dragon fruit production today, as it causes a considerable amount of production loss. In this study, fungal pathogens of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) plants in Southern Philippines were identified. Sample collection was conducted in selected farms in Saranggani Province, Philippines. Diseased parts of the dragon fruit plants were collected and brought to the laboratory to culture its associated fungi. Grown fungi were pure cultured and subjected to pathogenicity testing using the detached stem method. A total of eight distinct fungal colonies were isolated from the collected dragon fruit samples. The pathogenicity test revealed that three of the isolates caused lesions in a healthy dragon fruit plant tissue, which turned yellow soft and watery as the infection progressed. The three pathogenic isolates were molecularly identified as Fusarium oxysporum (FRI3), Aspergillus minisclerotigenes (FRI2), and Fusarium incarnatum (FLI3). Interestingly, F. incarnatum and A. minisclerotigenes were new recorded pathogens of dragon fruit. Identification of fungal pathogens on economically important crops is an essential step in the development of strategies to address problems related to fungal diseases which, in turn, will help farmers to enhance their production.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139289605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The freshwater Indian apple snail, Pila globosa (Swainson, 1822), is well adapted to the equatorial and tropical regions of the planet, where there are periods of heavy rain that are followed by dry spells. It is the most important biotic component of the ecosystem and a dominating member of its communities, making it crucial for the health of the ecosystem. It has a significant economic importance in the international trade market. The flesh of P. globosa is used in aquaculture and as a human protein supplement because of its high protein and low fat content, along with essential fatty acids. The shell of P. globosa is a good source of minerals, especially calcium. P. globosa has been employed in traditional medicinal practices to treat diseases like high blood pressure, heart disease, asthma, rickets, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, calcium metabolism, bleeding piles, constipation, diarrhoea, smallpox, syphilis, dizziness, anxiety, nervousness, urticaria, night blindness, and conjunctivitis. It is also used to regulate body temperature, to speed up wound healing, to treat circulatory issues, to revive virility and vitality, to treat weakness, and for vision improvement. P. globosa has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, and immune boosting properties, and it can be a benefit to mankind. This review provides an overview of the ecological and economic importance, nutritional and ethno-medicinal values of the snail P. globosa.
{"title":"Freshwater shellfish, Pila globosa: a review on its ecological and economical importance, nutritive and ethno-medicinal values","authors":"R. J. Patel, A. R. Kurhe","doi":"10.22364/eeb.21.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.21.08","url":null,"abstract":"The freshwater Indian apple snail, Pila globosa (Swainson, 1822), is well adapted to the equatorial and tropical regions of the planet, where there are periods of heavy rain that are followed by dry spells. It is the most important biotic component of the ecosystem and a dominating member of its communities, making it crucial for the health of the ecosystem. It has a significant economic importance in the international trade market. The flesh of P. globosa is used in aquaculture and as a human protein supplement because of its high protein and low fat content, along with essential fatty acids. The shell of P. globosa is a good source of minerals, especially calcium. P. globosa has been employed in traditional medicinal practices to treat diseases like high blood pressure, heart disease, asthma, rickets, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, calcium metabolism, bleeding piles, constipation, diarrhoea, smallpox, syphilis, dizziness, anxiety, nervousness, urticaria, night blindness, and conjunctivitis. It is also used to regulate body temperature, to speed up wound healing, to treat circulatory issues, to revive virility and vitality, to treat weakness, and for vision improvement. P. globosa has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, and immune boosting properties, and it can be a benefit to mankind. This review provides an overview of the ecological and economic importance, nutritional and ethno-medicinal values of the snail P. globosa.","PeriodicalId":53270,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139354093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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