Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-228-240
Iryna V. Krasnova, Iryna Yu. Hromnytska
The aim of the article is to study the features of the use of anti-crisis monetary instruments to support liquidity at the macro level and ensure financial stability in Ukraine in the context of the ongoing full-scale military invasion of the russian federation. The NBU is facing new challenges and tasks related to maintaining the functional capacity of banks, prudent actions aimed at supporting liquidity and financial stability of the banking system. It has already been proved that both a shortage and a surplus of liquidity can be the starting point of a shock explosion in the economy. A comparative-dynamic analysis of the main monetary indicators of the money sphere has been carried out, which has shown their dynamism, controllability, and relative stability. It is noted that in the context of the «unattainable triad», or the Mundell-Fleming trilemma, an independent monetary policy was introduced with respect to the currency, but under the influence of non-monetary factors influencing the monetary sphere, there is a twisting of the spiral of liquidity and the formation of its surplus. Transactions with government bonds and certificates of deposit, which, unlike government bonds, are not a socially useful transaction, do not always achieve the goals of ensuring financial stability and liquidity management under martial law. Monetary transmission in the government securities market does not have a positive effect due to the mandatory military spending of the government of Ukraine. For banks, these operations are a source of profitable liquidity. Due to the non-working transmission mechanism, the inconsistency of the actions of the government and the central bank, in particular, the dynamics of the interest rate does not have a stabilizing effect on the economy.
{"title":"The Anti-Crisis Measures of Bank Liquidity Management in the Conditions of Martial Law in Ukraine","authors":"Iryna V. Krasnova, Iryna Yu. Hromnytska","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-228-240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-228-240","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to study the features of the use of anti-crisis monetary instruments to support liquidity at the macro level and ensure financial stability in Ukraine in the context of the ongoing full-scale military invasion of the russian federation. The NBU is facing new challenges and tasks related to maintaining the functional capacity of banks, prudent actions aimed at supporting liquidity and financial stability of the banking system. It has already been proved that both a shortage and a surplus of liquidity can be the starting point of a shock explosion in the economy. A comparative-dynamic analysis of the main monetary indicators of the money sphere has been carried out, which has shown their dynamism, controllability, and relative stability. It is noted that in the context of the «unattainable triad», or the Mundell-Fleming trilemma, an independent monetary policy was introduced with respect to the currency, but under the influence of non-monetary factors influencing the monetary sphere, there is a twisting of the spiral of liquidity and the formation of its surplus. Transactions with government bonds and certificates of deposit, which, unlike government bonds, are not a socially useful transaction, do not always achieve the goals of ensuring financial stability and liquidity management under martial law. Monetary transmission in the government securities market does not have a positive effect due to the mandatory military spending of the government of Ukraine. For banks, these operations are a source of profitable liquidity. Due to the non-working transmission mechanism, the inconsistency of the actions of the government and the central bank, in particular, the dynamics of the interest rate does not have a stabilizing effect on the economy.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135909958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-255-262
Iryna O. Hubarieva, Oleksandr O. Marushchenko, Anton V. Koss
The aim of the article is to determine the contextual and temporal regularities of the development of the presentation in the scientific literature of research in the field of project risk management using bibliometric analysis. To achieve this aim, this study analyzed the following: the trend and structural patterns of publication activity of scholars around the world; the geographical structure of affiliation of scientists; the topics of the most cited articles on project risk management, also a bibliometric analysis using the instrumentarium of VOSviewer v. 1.6.10 as the research tools for analyzing relevant literature from the Scopus database on project risk management. A bibliometric analysis with the central category of «project risk» made it possible to identify eight clusters of scientific research on project risk management: the first cluster is focused on risk management methodology, investment and innovation risk, development and implementation of an innovative product, startup; the second – on project risk management in the field of information technology, information systems, software, identification of risk factors and evaluation of project efficiency; the third – on the optimization of risk management, modeling, the use of methods and instruments in the risk management system (hierarchy analysis method, fuzzy logic method); the fourth – on the assessment of risk probability, cost and complexity of the project; the fifth – on the assessment of the quality of the project, substantiation of the management strategy; the sixth – on the peculiarities of the product life cycle, project infrastructure, management of specific project risks (stakeholders, political situation, technology development); the seventh – on the practical application of standards, algorithms, and models of project risk management; the eighth cluster is based on substantiating the choice of the project, setting risk limits, developing algorithms, and using artificial intelligence. A promising area of management is risk management in the field of information technology, namely: risk management of IT projects and software; development and implementation of startups and innovative products; the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence.
本文的目的是利用文献计量学分析确定项目风险管理领域研究的科学文献中陈述发展的背景和时间规律。为了实现这一目标，本研究分析了以下方面:世界各国学者的出版活动趋势和结构模式;科学家隶属关系的地理结构;项目风险管理方面被引次数最多的文章的主题，并使用VOSviewer v. 1.6.10作为研究工具，对Scopus数据库中项目风险管理方面的相关文献进行文献计量分析。以“项目风险”为中心类别的文献计量分析使得有可能确定项目风险管理的八个科学研究集群:第一个集群侧重于风险管理方法，投资和创新风险，创新产品的开发和实施，创业;第二部分论述了信息技术、信息系统、软件领域的项目风险管理，风险因素的识别和项目效率的评价;第三——对风险管理的优化、建模、风险管理系统中方法和工具的运用(层次分析法、模糊逻辑法);四是对项目的风险概率、成本和复杂性进行评估;第五——对工程质量进行评估，充实管理策略;第六——关于产品生命周期的特殊性、项目基础设施、具体项目风险的管理(利益相关者、政治形势、技术发展);第七部分——关于项目风险管理标准、算法和模型的实际应用;第八个集群是基于项目的选择，设定风险限制，开发算法和使用人工智能。一个很有前途的管理领域是资讯科技领域的风险管理，即:资讯科技项目和软件的风险管理;创业公司和创新产品的开发和实施;机器学习和人工智能的使用。
{"title":"Status and Trends of Research in the Field of Project Risk Management","authors":"Iryna O. Hubarieva, Oleksandr O. Marushchenko, Anton V. Koss","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-255-262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-255-262","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to determine the contextual and temporal regularities of the development of the presentation in the scientific literature of research in the field of project risk management using bibliometric analysis. To achieve this aim, this study analyzed the following: the trend and structural patterns of publication activity of scholars around the world; the geographical structure of affiliation of scientists; the topics of the most cited articles on project risk management, also a bibliometric analysis using the instrumentarium of VOSviewer v. 1.6.10 as the research tools for analyzing relevant literature from the Scopus database on project risk management. A bibliometric analysis with the central category of «project risk» made it possible to identify eight clusters of scientific research on project risk management: the first cluster is focused on risk management methodology, investment and innovation risk, development and implementation of an innovative product, startup; the second – on project risk management in the field of information technology, information systems, software, identification of risk factors and evaluation of project efficiency; the third – on the optimization of risk management, modeling, the use of methods and instruments in the risk management system (hierarchy analysis method, fuzzy logic method); the fourth – on the assessment of risk probability, cost and complexity of the project; the fifth – on the assessment of the quality of the project, substantiation of the management strategy; the sixth – on the peculiarities of the product life cycle, project infrastructure, management of specific project risks (stakeholders, political situation, technology development); the seventh – on the practical application of standards, algorithms, and models of project risk management; the eighth cluster is based on substantiating the choice of the project, setting risk limits, developing algorithms, and using artificial intelligence. A promising area of management is risk management in the field of information technology, namely: risk management of IT projects and software; development and implementation of startups and innovative products; the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135559620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-249-254
Halyna Yo. Luchko
The aim of the article is to develop recommendations for the formation and development of highly productive project teams through the implementation of an effective motivational influence on their participants and the creation of a favorable project environment. In spite of difficult living conditions, Ukrainian entrepreneurs can ensure an effective operation of a company through the implementation of projects that allow to proactively influence the needs of society and ensure rapid adaptation to changes in the environment. The successful implementation of one’s own ideas through the implementation of projects significantly depends on the professional application of project management tools and on the effective work of the project team. The article examines the importance of transforming a group of people involved in the implementation of a project into a highly productive team. It is noted that one of the key points in the formation and management of high-performance project teams is the motivation of team members, since the success of the entire project will significantly depend on the level of interest of the participants in the implementation of the tasks. The interpretation of the concept of «motivation» is considered and the definition of motivation in the management of project teams is proposed. It is proved that in order to form a high-performing team, it is important to establish effective relationships between the project manager and all members, as well as to build an open communication environment within the team. It is important for a project manager to find individual motivation factors for each team member, to understand their needs and values in order to develop an effective motivation system. Factors that can be valuable for team members are highlighted. The article also proposes methods of motivation of team members, which a project manager, taking into account an individual approach, can use in order to form and develop high-performance teams. The factors that will contribute to the creation of a favorable environment that will allow teams to maximize the potential of each member are allocated. Active communication with each team member, effective motivational influence in accordance with the motivation factors of each participant and the creation of a favorable project environment will allow the project manager to form a high-performance team that will ensure the successful implementation of the particular project.
{"title":"Formation of High-Performance Project Teams","authors":"Halyna Yo. Luchko","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-249-254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-249-254","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to develop recommendations for the formation and development of highly productive project teams through the implementation of an effective motivational influence on their participants and the creation of a favorable project environment. In spite of difficult living conditions, Ukrainian entrepreneurs can ensure an effective operation of a company through the implementation of projects that allow to proactively influence the needs of society and ensure rapid adaptation to changes in the environment. The successful implementation of one’s own ideas through the implementation of projects significantly depends on the professional application of project management tools and on the effective work of the project team. The article examines the importance of transforming a group of people involved in the implementation of a project into a highly productive team. It is noted that one of the key points in the formation and management of high-performance project teams is the motivation of team members, since the success of the entire project will significantly depend on the level of interest of the participants in the implementation of the tasks. The interpretation of the concept of «motivation» is considered and the definition of motivation in the management of project teams is proposed. It is proved that in order to form a high-performing team, it is important to establish effective relationships between the project manager and all members, as well as to build an open communication environment within the team. It is important for a project manager to find individual motivation factors for each team member, to understand their needs and values in order to develop an effective motivation system. Factors that can be valuable for team members are highlighted. The article also proposes methods of motivation of team members, which a project manager, taking into account an individual approach, can use in order to form and develop high-performance teams. The factors that will contribute to the creation of a favorable environment that will allow teams to maximize the potential of each member are allocated. Active communication with each team member, effective motivational influence in accordance with the motivation factors of each participant and the creation of a favorable project environment will allow the project manager to form a high-performance team that will ensure the successful implementation of the particular project.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135559625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-168-173
Anatolii V. Kozlovskii
The aim of the article is to systematize and characterize the main scientific approaches to the management of working capital of enterprises. The article analyzes the provisions of scientific research related to the analysis of the indicated problematic area, on the basis of which the main approaches to the management of this category are formulated. The following approaches have been allocated and characterized: an approach to the management of working capital, associated with scaling up activities that ensure cost savings for enterprises – participants in logistics networks for the purchase of their individual components and ensuring the possibility of effective use of the latter (scaling approach); resource approach, based on aspects of resource theory, which provides for the possibility of forming a unique package of working capital, which affects the improved and competitive productivity of enterprises and their efficiency; an approach related to determining the features of management of working capital of enterprises within the framework of the benchmark for the cyclical circulation of its components (cyclic approach); an approach to the management of working capital of enterprises based on risk orientation (risk-oriented approach). It is proved that the orientation to the provisions of the considered scientific approaches is due to the characteristics of the organizational, financial and economic status, the attribute of the sector of activity, the period of functioning, and the size of the property of enterprises. It is determined that the achievement of optimal results of working capital management requires a constant assessment of the compliance of the selected approaches with the actual conditions of development of enterprises in the relevant sectors of the economy. It is determined that the choice of some of the analyzed approaches is associated with the assessment of additional factors of an external nature, in particular, it concerns the orientation toward the risk-oriented approach, or the scaling approach, etc.
{"title":"The Features of Approaches to the Management of Working Capital of Enterprises","authors":"Anatolii V. Kozlovskii","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-168-173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-168-173","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to systematize and characterize the main scientific approaches to the management of working capital of enterprises. The article analyzes the provisions of scientific research related to the analysis of the indicated problematic area, on the basis of which the main approaches to the management of this category are formulated. The following approaches have been allocated and characterized: an approach to the management of working capital, associated with scaling up activities that ensure cost savings for enterprises – participants in logistics networks for the purchase of their individual components and ensuring the possibility of effective use of the latter (scaling approach); resource approach, based on aspects of resource theory, which provides for the possibility of forming a unique package of working capital, which affects the improved and competitive productivity of enterprises and their efficiency; an approach related to determining the features of management of working capital of enterprises within the framework of the benchmark for the cyclical circulation of its components (cyclic approach); an approach to the management of working capital of enterprises based on risk orientation (risk-oriented approach). It is proved that the orientation to the provisions of the considered scientific approaches is due to the characteristics of the organizational, financial and economic status, the attribute of the sector of activity, the period of functioning, and the size of the property of enterprises. It is determined that the achievement of optimal results of working capital management requires a constant assessment of the compliance of the selected approaches with the actual conditions of development of enterprises in the relevant sectors of the economy. It is determined that the choice of some of the analyzed approaches is associated with the assessment of additional factors of an external nature, in particular, it concerns the orientation toward the risk-oriented approach, or the scaling approach, etc.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135559811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-233-240
Mariia O. Rushchyshyn
The article emphasizes the relevance of applying a strategic approach to planning, attracting, and effective use of financial support for the sake of implementation of innovation and technological projects of domestic enterprises in the face of modern challenges and threats. It is stated that the innovation activity of economic entities is integral when it comes to strengthening their competitive positions and ensuring sustainable and efficient functioning. At this, such activities require proper financial support. Accordingly, the issue of harmonizing the course of innovation processes and their financial and resource provision requires the application of principles and instruments of strategic management. In accordance with this, the study solves the problem of scientific substantiation of methodological and applied provisions regarding the formation and implementation of a system of strategic management of financial resources for innovative development of domestic enterprises. It is shown that the leading elements of such a system are: 1) actualized approach to the strategic nature of management of financial resources of enterprises; 2) development of the conceptual and methodological-applied basis of strategic management of financial support for innovative development of economic entities; 3) building of and adhering to a set of principles of strategizing when forming and using financial support for innovative business development; 4) identification of strategic priorities of the policy of long-term financial support of innovation activity of economic entities; 5) diversification of sources of formation of financial resources to support the processes of innovative development of enterprises. It is concluded that the most rational method of harmonizing the sources of formation of financial provision with the course of the processes of innovative development of enterprises on the basis of building a strategic matrix of management of financial resources, which is based on the stages of the innovation process of enterprise, namely, fundamental and applied research, design development, marketing, production and sale of innovative products (services).
{"title":"Formation of a System of Strategic Management of Financial Resources for Innovative Development of Enterprises","authors":"Mariia O. Rushchyshyn","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-233-240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-233-240","url":null,"abstract":"The article emphasizes the relevance of applying a strategic approach to planning, attracting, and effective use of financial support for the sake of implementation of innovation and technological projects of domestic enterprises in the face of modern challenges and threats. It is stated that the innovation activity of economic entities is integral when it comes to strengthening their competitive positions and ensuring sustainable and efficient functioning. At this, such activities require proper financial support. Accordingly, the issue of harmonizing the course of innovation processes and their financial and resource provision requires the application of principles and instruments of strategic management. In accordance with this, the study solves the problem of scientific substantiation of methodological and applied provisions regarding the formation and implementation of a system of strategic management of financial resources for innovative development of domestic enterprises. It is shown that the leading elements of such a system are: 1) actualized approach to the strategic nature of management of financial resources of enterprises; 2) development of the conceptual and methodological-applied basis of strategic management of financial support for innovative development of economic entities; 3) building of and adhering to a set of principles of strategizing when forming and using financial support for innovative business development; 4) identification of strategic priorities of the policy of long-term financial support of innovation activity of economic entities; 5) diversification of sources of formation of financial resources to support the processes of innovative development of enterprises. It is concluded that the most rational method of harmonizing the sources of formation of financial provision with the course of the processes of innovative development of enterprises on the basis of building a strategic matrix of management of financial resources, which is based on the stages of the innovation process of enterprise, namely, fundamental and applied research, design development, marketing, production and sale of innovative products (services).","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135560700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-263-274
Mykola O. Kyzym, Viktoriia Ye. Khaustova, Nataliia V. Trushkina
The article examines successful practices and cases of financial provision for the reconstruction of critical infrastructure in countries of the world that once suffered from armed conflicts and active hostilities. The study of foreign experience shows the need to attract international funding mainly in the form of grants, focusing on the tasks of effective development of critical infrastructure using the mechanism of public-private partnership. At the same time, each country has its own specific features. It is determined that the main financial instruments used in the countries of the world for the restoration and modernization of critical infrastructure included the following: non-refundable financial assistance from the United States, loans, foreign direct investment, the State budget funds, funds of individuals and legal entities, grant funds, donor assistance from international financial organizations, financial assistance from non-governmental organizations, soft loans, reparations. Based on the generalization of international best practices, the prospects for the introduction of public-private partnership as a priority model and key principle of post-war reconstruction of critical infrastructure in Ukraine are determined. It is found that at present proper attention is not paid to the creation of institutional conditions for the development of critical infrastructure on the basis of public-private partnership in the context of the post-war reconstruction of the national economy. It is proposed to make amendments and additions to legislative and regulatory documents, as well as to develop a National Strategy for the Post-War Reconstruction of Critical Infrastructure in Ukraine and a Plan for its implementation, which will identify the relevant financial instruments and institutions. A structural diagram of the mechanism of financial provision for the post-war reconstruction of critical infrastructure in Ukraine is built, taking into account international practice.
{"title":"Financial Provision for the Development of Critical Infrastructure in the Context of Post-War Reconstruction of Ukraine’s Economy","authors":"Mykola O. Kyzym, Viktoriia Ye. Khaustova, Nataliia V. Trushkina","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-263-274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-263-274","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines successful practices and cases of financial provision for the reconstruction of critical infrastructure in countries of the world that once suffered from armed conflicts and active hostilities. The study of foreign experience shows the need to attract international funding mainly in the form of grants, focusing on the tasks of effective development of critical infrastructure using the mechanism of public-private partnership. At the same time, each country has its own specific features. It is determined that the main financial instruments used in the countries of the world for the restoration and modernization of critical infrastructure included the following: non-refundable financial assistance from the United States, loans, foreign direct investment, the State budget funds, funds of individuals and legal entities, grant funds, donor assistance from international financial organizations, financial assistance from non-governmental organizations, soft loans, reparations. Based on the generalization of international best practices, the prospects for the introduction of public-private partnership as a priority model and key principle of post-war reconstruction of critical infrastructure in Ukraine are determined. It is found that at present proper attention is not paid to the creation of institutional conditions for the development of critical infrastructure on the basis of public-private partnership in the context of the post-war reconstruction of the national economy. It is proposed to make amendments and additions to legislative and regulatory documents, as well as to develop a National Strategy for the Post-War Reconstruction of Critical Infrastructure in Ukraine and a Plan for its implementation, which will identify the relevant financial instruments and institutions. A structural diagram of the mechanism of financial provision for the post-war reconstruction of critical infrastructure in Ukraine is built, taking into account international practice.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135909722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-111-117
Viktor О. Dilenko, Kostiantyn S. Sokolov
The aim of the article is to determine the indicators of efficiency of functioning of the national economy by the methods based on the economic-mathematical model of «input – output», and to conduct their comparative analysis. The publication allocates two main approaches to assessing and analyzing the efficiency of functioning of economic systems that use the above mentioned model. According to the first of them, the Frobenius number of the technological matrix of V. Leontiev’s model is considered as an indicator of efficiency (productivity, cost). Another approach uses the relevant elements of the matrices of the coefficients of direct and total material costs to build performance indicators. By demonstrating numerical examples, it is shown that performance indicators using Frobenius numbers can give incorrect results for some changes in the values of the elements of the technological matrix. This circumstance casts doubt on the possibility of using such indicators in the economic and mathematical analysis of macrosystems of production and distribution of products under the description of their functioning by V. Leontiev’s models. The carried out analysis of the dynamics of efficiency indicators, which are based on the elements of the main matrices of the «input – output» model, and the GDP growth rate indicator, calculated for the national economy in 2012–2020, shows that the processes of change in the size of the Ukrainian economy in this period are not directly related to the efficiency of its functioning and are determined mainly by simple scaling. Further research can be developed in the direction of using the economic and mathematical apparatus of the «input – output» models to form recommendations for improving the efficiency of the functioning of the relevant economic systems, as well as a more detailed analysis of the features of the dynamics of the Ukrainian economy.
{"title":"A Study of the Efficiency of Functioning of the National Economy Using the Tools of the «Input – Output» Model","authors":"Viktor О. Dilenko, Kostiantyn S. Sokolov","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-111-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-111-117","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to determine the indicators of efficiency of functioning of the national economy by the methods based on the economic-mathematical model of «input – output», and to conduct their comparative analysis. The publication allocates two main approaches to assessing and analyzing the efficiency of functioning of economic systems that use the above mentioned model. According to the first of them, the Frobenius number of the technological matrix of V. Leontiev’s model is considered as an indicator of efficiency (productivity, cost). Another approach uses the relevant elements of the matrices of the coefficients of direct and total material costs to build performance indicators. By demonstrating numerical examples, it is shown that performance indicators using Frobenius numbers can give incorrect results for some changes in the values of the elements of the technological matrix. This circumstance casts doubt on the possibility of using such indicators in the economic and mathematical analysis of macrosystems of production and distribution of products under the description of their functioning by V. Leontiev’s models. The carried out analysis of the dynamics of efficiency indicators, which are based on the elements of the main matrices of the «input – output» model, and the GDP growth rate indicator, calculated for the national economy in 2012–2020, shows that the processes of change in the size of the Ukrainian economy in this period are not directly related to the efficiency of its functioning and are determined mainly by simple scaling. Further research can be developed in the direction of using the economic and mathematical apparatus of the «input – output» models to form recommendations for improving the efficiency of the functioning of the relevant economic systems, as well as a more detailed analysis of the features of the dynamics of the Ukrainian economy.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135508709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-162-167
Volodymyr A. Panchenko
The article emphasizes the relevance of new research in the field of management of economic security of business entities, in the focus of which the leading role is assigned to the characteristics, factors and threats to the economic security of business. The purpose of the study is to generalize system characteristics, factors and threats to the economic security of enterprises. The internal factors that pose a threat to the economic security of enterprises are identified, namely, the structural deformation of the economy inherited from the period of "active reforms", the low competitiveness of the national economy, caused by the backwardness of the technological base of most industries, high energy and resource intensity, a high level of monopolization of the economy, a high level of inflation and others. The classification of threats to the economic security of enterprises according to such features as the degree of predictability, the lag of threat realization, spheres of life activities, the location of threats in relation to the socioeconomic system, the nature of occurrence, the dominance of the regional or national factor in the formation of threats, the degree of probability of occurrence, the factor of influence on the object. The levels of contradictions of the economic interests of the subjects of market relations are shown. It was established that the main task of the economic security of the enterprise is to prevent without special reasons actions that limit the self-organization and self-regulation of economic development and to promote the predictability of activity by means of diagnosing the most significant phenomena and processes for this. It is pointed out that the conditions of economic activity in Ukraine are fundamentally different from the conditions of more developed economies. In connection with this, in the domestic economy there are a number of factors characteristic only for our country, namely the non-obligation and irresponsibility of economic entities, the absence of real economic law, the dependence of a number of managers on the criminal world, the wide spread of methods of unfair competition and others. Accordingly, it was established that ensuring the economic security of the enterprise should be based on the unity of the goals and methods of the government economic policy, both at the national and regional levels.
{"title":"System Characteristics, Factors and Threats to the Economic Security of Enterprises","authors":"Volodymyr A. Panchenko","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-162-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-162-167","url":null,"abstract":"The article emphasizes the relevance of new research in the field of management of economic security of business entities, in the focus of which the leading role is assigned to the characteristics, factors and threats to the economic security of business. The purpose of the study is to generalize system characteristics, factors and threats to the economic security of enterprises. The internal factors that pose a threat to the economic security of enterprises are identified, namely, the structural deformation of the economy inherited from the period of \"active reforms\", the low competitiveness of the national economy, caused by the backwardness of the technological base of most industries, high energy and resource intensity, a high level of monopolization of the economy, a high level of inflation and others. The classification of threats to the economic security of enterprises according to such features as the degree of predictability, the lag of threat realization, spheres of life activities, the location of threats in relation to the socioeconomic system, the nature of occurrence, the dominance of the regional or national factor in the formation of threats, the degree of probability of occurrence, the factor of influence on the object. The levels of contradictions of the economic interests of the subjects of market relations are shown. It was established that the main task of the economic security of the enterprise is to prevent without special reasons actions that limit the self-organization and self-regulation of economic development and to promote the predictability of activity by means of diagnosing the most significant phenomena and processes for this. It is pointed out that the conditions of economic activity in Ukraine are fundamentally different from the conditions of more developed economies. In connection with this, in the domestic economy there are a number of factors characteristic only for our country, namely the non-obligation and irresponsibility of economic entities, the absence of real economic law, the dependence of a number of managers on the criminal world, the wide spread of methods of unfair competition and others. Accordingly, it was established that ensuring the economic security of the enterprise should be based on the unity of the goals and methods of the government economic policy, both at the national and regional levels.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135559418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-23-29
Maryna V. Shuba, Anna S. Shtanko
The article is aimed at defining the current state and prospects of development of the USA in the global pharmaceutical market. It is defined that American pharmaceutical companies successfully conduct their activities in the global pharmaceutical market. The leading pharmaceutical companies of the USA in terms of income and capitalization are considered. It is determined that the United States has a significant role in regulating the global pharmaceutical market. The activities of the U.S. Federal Food and Drug Administration ensure a high level of safety and efficacy of medicines used around the world and increase trust in the U. S. pharmaceutical companies. It is further determined that one of the main features of the USA’s participation in the global pharmaceutical market is the strong position of the U.S. pharmaceutical companies in the market of innovative drugs. The costs of research and development by leading pharmaceutical companies are considered. The indicators of foreign trade in the U.S. pharmaceutical products are analyzed. The U. S. exports account for 9.4% of global pharmaceutical exports, the country ranks fourth in the ranking of world exporters. China, the Netherlands, Canada, Japan, and Germany were the main importers of the U. S. pharmaceutical products in 2022. On the other hand, the United States itself is the main importer of pharmaceutical products. The U. S. imports account for 17.4% of global pharmaceutical imports. Ireland, Germany and Switzerland are major exporters of pharmaceutical products to the United States. The article generalizes the main trends in the pharmaceutical market of the United States, influencing the prospects of their participation in the global pharmaceutical market. It is concluded that the USA has great prospects in the global pharmaceutical market. The country has a strong scientific base and developed infrastructure, which allows the U. S. pharmaceutical companies to be competitive in the global market and ensure sustainable development of the industry. Also, the United States has a large consumer market. It is determined that the United States may experience certain obstacles in the global pharmaceutical market due to the high cost of drug development, as well as high drug prices.
{"title":"The USA in the Global Pharmaceutical Market: The Current State and Development Prospects","authors":"Maryna V. Shuba, Anna S. Shtanko","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-23-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-23-29","url":null,"abstract":"The article is aimed at defining the current state and prospects of development of the USA in the global pharmaceutical market. It is defined that American pharmaceutical companies successfully conduct their activities in the global pharmaceutical market. The leading pharmaceutical companies of the USA in terms of income and capitalization are considered. It is determined that the United States has a significant role in regulating the global pharmaceutical market. The activities of the U.S. Federal Food and Drug Administration ensure a high level of safety and efficacy of medicines used around the world and increase trust in the U. S. pharmaceutical companies. It is further determined that one of the main features of the USA’s participation in the global pharmaceutical market is the strong position of the U.S. pharmaceutical companies in the market of innovative drugs. The costs of research and development by leading pharmaceutical companies are considered. The indicators of foreign trade in the U.S. pharmaceutical products are analyzed. The U. S. exports account for 9.4% of global pharmaceutical exports, the country ranks fourth in the ranking of world exporters. China, the Netherlands, Canada, Japan, and Germany were the main importers of the U. S. pharmaceutical products in 2022. On the other hand, the United States itself is the main importer of pharmaceutical products. The U. S. imports account for 17.4% of global pharmaceutical imports. Ireland, Germany and Switzerland are major exporters of pharmaceutical products to the United States. The article generalizes the main trends in the pharmaceutical market of the United States, influencing the prospects of their participation in the global pharmaceutical market. It is concluded that the USA has great prospects in the global pharmaceutical market. The country has a strong scientific base and developed infrastructure, which allows the U. S. pharmaceutical companies to be competitive in the global market and ensure sustainable development of the industry. Also, the United States has a large consumer market. It is determined that the United States may experience certain obstacles in the global pharmaceutical market due to the high cost of drug development, as well as high drug prices.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135908019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-6-11
Olena V. Tur
The aim of the article is to allocate theoretical approaches to the definition of restructuring of the national economy. As a result of the study, the following approaches to the definition of restructuring of the national economy have been proposed: «structure-forming», «sustainable development», and «innovation-industrial». The essence of the first approach lies in the positioning of restructuring as a process directed toward reorganizing certain structures by removing individual elements, also transforming the links between the components that are recognized as acceptable for the further successful functioning of the structure as a whole, as well as at achieving the structure of the national economy, which is able to provide the volume of production in accordance with the internal needs and requirements on the part of international markets. The approach of «sustainable development» includes an understanding of restructuring as the result of the return of the structure to a conditionally stable status regulated n the part of the State (with a clear consolidation of targets and implementation mechanisms in the relevant public documents), which provides a qualitatively new proportion of elements of social production, in order to ensure stable development of the economy, its resistance to whether external or internal challenges. The innovation-industrial approach provides for the directedness of structural changes into positive structural changes with an emphasis on preventing the negative consequences of structural crises as a factor that turns down the effective existence of the current structure, on the activation of economic activity of economic entities and the system of links between types of economic activity, also on the formation of a modern processing industry, which will create the grounds for the structural transformation of the economic system. Prospects for further research in this direction are to determine measures for restructuring the national economy in the period of post-war recovery of Ukraine.
{"title":"The Theoretical Foundations of Restructuring of the National Economy","authors":"Olena V. Tur","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-6-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-9-6-11","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to allocate theoretical approaches to the definition of restructuring of the national economy. As a result of the study, the following approaches to the definition of restructuring of the national economy have been proposed: «structure-forming», «sustainable development», and «innovation-industrial». The essence of the first approach lies in the positioning of restructuring as a process directed toward reorganizing certain structures by removing individual elements, also transforming the links between the components that are recognized as acceptable for the further successful functioning of the structure as a whole, as well as at achieving the structure of the national economy, which is able to provide the volume of production in accordance with the internal needs and requirements on the part of international markets. The approach of «sustainable development» includes an understanding of restructuring as the result of the return of the structure to a conditionally stable status regulated n the part of the State (with a clear consolidation of targets and implementation mechanisms in the relevant public documents), which provides a qualitatively new proportion of elements of social production, in order to ensure stable development of the economy, its resistance to whether external or internal challenges. The innovation-industrial approach provides for the directedness of structural changes into positive structural changes with an emphasis on preventing the negative consequences of structural crises as a factor that turns down the effective existence of the current structure, on the activation of economic activity of economic entities and the system of links between types of economic activity, also on the formation of a modern processing industry, which will create the grounds for the structural transformation of the economic system. Prospects for further research in this direction are to determine measures for restructuring the national economy in the period of post-war recovery of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":53291,"journal":{"name":"Biznes Inform","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135508707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：