Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.7664
Muhammad Al Mighwar
’ Until now Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor (PMDG) is still surviving, sustainable, and quality with several national and international recognition. Behind the readiness and success of PMDG, there is an initial motivation of the Trimurti founder of Gontor (hereinafter referred to as Trimurti) which is quite interesting to be studied as The Lessons Learned, especially for other pesantren Kiai. This study aimed to reveal the secrets of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of Trimurti and its implications for PMDG. This study was a qualitative type, where data was collected using mixed techniques, namely field research and literature research. The data was written in descriptive, analytical, and historical methods through five stages, namely; selection of topics, heuristics, verification, interpretation, and ‘historiography’. This research relies on five theories, namely; the Theory of Anatomy of Human Motivation, the Theory of Implications, the Trimurti Theory, the Kiai Theory, and the Modern Pesantren Theory. This study found that the intrinsic motivation of Trimurti includes the local and regional microscale, and their extrinsic motivation includes the national mesoscale and global macroscale which has positive implications in the form of selective protection actions of three pesantren systems and projections of four modern systems in PMDG that contribute extraordinary to the nation, the country, even the world. The author considers Trimurti to be the time to become the Role Model of Lessons Learned and receive the National Hero Title award in the momentum of a century of PMDG (1926-2026). negara, bahkan dunia. Penulis menilai Trimurti patut saatnya menjadi the role model of lessons learned dan menerima penghargaan gelar pahlawan nasional dalam momentum satu abad PMDG (1926-2026).
{"title":"The Impact of Trimurti's Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation on Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor","authors":"Muhammad Al Mighwar","doi":"10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.7664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.7664","url":null,"abstract":"’ Until now Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor (PMDG) is still surviving, sustainable, and quality with several national and international recognition. Behind the readiness and success of PMDG, there is an initial motivation of the Trimurti founder of Gontor (hereinafter referred to as Trimurti) which is quite interesting to be studied as The Lessons Learned, especially for other pesantren Kiai. This study aimed to reveal the secrets of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of Trimurti and its implications for PMDG. This study was a qualitative type, where data was collected using mixed techniques, namely field research and literature research. The data was written in descriptive, analytical, and historical methods through five stages, namely; selection of topics, heuristics, verification, interpretation, and ‘historiography’. This research relies on five theories, namely; the Theory of Anatomy of Human Motivation, the Theory of Implications, the Trimurti Theory, the Kiai Theory, and the Modern Pesantren Theory. This study found that the intrinsic motivation of Trimurti includes the local and regional microscale, and their extrinsic motivation includes the national mesoscale and global macroscale which has positive implications in the form of selective protection actions of three pesantren systems and projections of four modern systems in PMDG that contribute extraordinary to the nation, the country, even the world. The author considers Trimurti to be the time to become the Role Model of Lessons Learned and receive the National Hero Title award in the momentum of a century of PMDG (1926-2026). negara, bahkan dunia. Penulis menilai Trimurti patut saatnya menjadi the role model of lessons learned dan menerima penghargaan gelar pahlawan nasional dalam momentum satu abad PMDG (1926-2026).","PeriodicalId":53315,"journal":{"name":"Tsaqafah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44414393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.7903
Subiyantoro Subiyantoro
{"title":"Family Management Perspective Islamic Education (A Case Study in Southeast Sulawesi and Yogyakarta)","authors":"Subiyantoro Subiyantoro","doi":"10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.7903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.7903","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53315,"journal":{"name":"Tsaqafah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41304619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-15DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.7610
Arif Zunaidi
As a Sufi figure, al-Ghazali developed moral Sufism as part of his desire to provide ethics in dealing with worldly activities so that they are more focused and run. This study is structured in the form of a library research project based on a character’s thoughts at a specific time. This study also employs a descriptive technique approach, which is a type of study that describes existing phenomena. This method was chosen because the goal of this research was to provide an in-depth picture of the subject of the study, namely how the process of the concept of akhlaqi Sufism should be and its relevance to business actors according to Imam Al-Ghazali. Sufism al-akhlaqi Ghazali teaches Tawhid, which holds a significant position in Islamic business ethics, according to his research findings. Every Muslim is born with two consciences as a result of this monotheism. First and foremost, everyone must recognize that this nature was created by Allah SWT for the benefit of humans and that Allah is the sole owner. All natural resources, or factors of production in economic parlance, are Allah SWT’s absolute property. Human ownership, on the other hand, is a relative concept. Second , humans were created in this world to serve God, and any worship performed by humans will be considered worship. Internalization of these two perspectives will have an impact on Muslim commercial activities. Every business owner must recognize that their work is also an act of worship to Allah SWT.
{"title":"The Contribution of Abu-Hamid al-Ghazali to Shaping Businesspeople's Personalities","authors":"Arif Zunaidi","doi":"10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.7610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.7610","url":null,"abstract":"As a Sufi figure, al-Ghazali developed moral Sufism as part of his desire to provide ethics in dealing with worldly activities so that they are more focused and run. This study is structured in the form of a library research project based on a character’s thoughts at a specific time. This study also employs a descriptive technique approach, which is a type of study that describes existing phenomena. This method was chosen because the goal of this research was to provide an in-depth picture of the subject of the study, namely how the process of the concept of akhlaqi Sufism should be and its relevance to business actors according to Imam Al-Ghazali. Sufism al-akhlaqi Ghazali teaches Tawhid, which holds a significant position in Islamic business ethics, according to his research findings. Every Muslim is born with two consciences as a result of this monotheism. First and foremost, everyone must recognize that this nature was created by Allah SWT for the benefit of humans and that Allah is the sole owner. All natural resources, or factors of production in economic parlance, are Allah SWT’s absolute property. Human ownership, on the other hand, is a relative concept. Second , humans were created in this world to serve God, and any worship performed by humans will be considered worship. Internalization of these two perspectives will have an impact on Muslim commercial activities. Every business owner must recognize that their work is also an act of worship to Allah SWT.","PeriodicalId":53315,"journal":{"name":"Tsaqafah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46049940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High School Extracurricular Program Design: An Effort to Face the Challenges of Contemporary Thinking in Indonesia","authors":"Ulil Amri Syafri, Irfan Wahyu Syifa, Endin Mujahidin, Rahendra Maya","doi":"10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.7421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.7421","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53315,"journal":{"name":"Tsaqafah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49255802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.7666
Moh. Ashif Ashif Fuadi, M. Mahbub, M. Safitry, U. Usman, D. M. Rohmatulloh, M. H. Muzakki
The Java War had its unique influence on the development of pesantren. Prince Diponegoro plays the struggle against the invaders with some of his soldiers who come from among the pesantren. After his defeat in the Java War of 1825-1830, many Diponegoro warriors spread to teach religion. This research will discuss the sustainability of the struggle of Diponegoro warriors in pesantren and the Islamic treasures of the Java War, such as strengthening pesantren traditions and the existence of tarekat syattariyah (syattariyah order). This research is classified as historical research through Kuntowijoyo’s historical research methods: topic selection, heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. This research yielded several conclusions, namely: First, after its defeat in the Java war, the struggle of Diponegoro warriors with a cleric-santri background continued through the establishment of pesantren with a change in strategy more to intellectual strengthening. Second, intellectual traditions during the Java War, one of which was through the study of yellow books typical of pesantren with fiqh and Sufi patterns such as Fath } al-Qarîb and Tuh } fah al-Mursalah ila Rûh } al-Nabiy. Third, the existence of the tarekat syattariyah that had an anti-colonial character at that time was quite popular in Java, made the order followed by prince Diponegoro and some of his soldiers. Fourth, when compared to the Padri War, the typology of da’wah struggle developed by Diponegoro warriors is more moderately patterned identically to Walisongo’s accommodating character.
Java战争对pesantren的发展有其独特的影响。迪波内戈罗王子和他的一些士兵一起与入侵者作斗争，这些士兵来自当地居民。他在1825年至1830年的爪哇战争中战败后，许多迪波尼戈罗战士开始传播宗教。本研究将讨论Diponegoro战士在pesantren和爪哇战争中的伊斯兰宝藏中斗争的可持续性，例如加强pesantren传统和tarekat syattariyah (syattariyah秩序)的存在。通过昆托维卓约的历史研究方法:选题法、启发式法、验证法、解释法和史学法，将本研究归类为历史研究。本研究得出以下几个结论:第一，在爪哇战争中战败后，具有神职-santri背景的Diponegoro战士的斗争通过建立pesantren继续进行，其战略更多地转变为智力强化。第二，爪哇战争期间的知识传统，其中之一是通过研究具有菲格和苏菲模式的典型传教士的黄书，如Fath al- qar b和Tuh al-Mursalah ila r h} al-Nabiy。第三，当时具有反殖民性质的塔雷卡特(tarekat syattariyah)的存在在爪哇非常流行，Diponegoro王子和他的一些士兵都遵从了这一命令。第四，与Padri战争相比，Diponegoro战士发展的da 'wah斗争类型与Walisongo的通融性格更加温和。
{"title":"Pesantren Tradition and the Existence of Tarekat Syattariyah in the Java War of 1825-1830","authors":"Moh. Ashif Ashif Fuadi, M. Mahbub, M. Safitry, U. Usman, D. M. Rohmatulloh, M. H. Muzakki","doi":"10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.7666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.7666","url":null,"abstract":"The Java War had its unique influence on the development of pesantren. Prince Diponegoro plays the struggle against the invaders with some of his soldiers who come from among the pesantren. After his defeat in the Java War of 1825-1830, many Diponegoro warriors spread to teach religion. This research will discuss the sustainability of the struggle of Diponegoro warriors in pesantren and the Islamic treasures of the Java War, such as strengthening pesantren traditions and the existence of tarekat syattariyah (syattariyah order). This research is classified as historical research through Kuntowijoyo’s historical research methods: topic selection, heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. This research yielded several conclusions, namely: First, after its defeat in the Java war, the struggle of Diponegoro warriors with a cleric-santri background continued through the establishment of pesantren with a change in strategy more to intellectual strengthening. Second, intellectual traditions during the Java War, one of which was through the study of yellow books typical of pesantren with fiqh and Sufi patterns such as Fath } al-Qarîb and Tuh } fah al-Mursalah ila Rûh } al-Nabiy. Third, the existence of the tarekat syattariyah that had an anti-colonial character at that time was quite popular in Java, made the order followed by prince Diponegoro and some of his soldiers. Fourth, when compared to the Padri War, the typology of da’wah struggle developed by Diponegoro warriors is more moderately patterned identically to Walisongo’s accommodating character.","PeriodicalId":53315,"journal":{"name":"Tsaqafah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42123250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.6778
B. Sholihin, M. Maimun, A. Hermanto, Hepi Riza Zen
This article is the result of a study of the local wisdom values of the Lampung indigenous people ( Pi`il Pusenggighi ) in the ancient manuscripts of Kuntara Rajaniti and Jugulmuda. More specifically, this article wants to know the basic values of the social philosophy of the Lampung indigenous people are in the ancient text and how the content of Islamic teachings on the husband and wife rules. The research was conducted using a socio-philosophical approach and content analysis theory to answer this question. As a result, there are many Islamic values contained in the ancient manuscripts of Kuntara Rajaniti and Jugulmuda and the basic values of the social philosophy of the indigenous people of Lampung ( Pi`il Pusenggighi ). Another conclusion is that the basic values of the social philosophy of the Lampung indigenous people are full of Islamic values. Especially in the introduction to describe the Prophet Muhammad. Besides that, it also applies the analogy proposition similar to the Qiyâs proposition in Islam. This focuses on the content of values in the behavior of the Lampung people in their activities based on the rules in the Kuntara Niti Book. The results of the study show that there are Islamic values in the Kuntara Raja Niti Book. Thus the research conducted by Citra Ayyuhda and Karsiwan focused on Islamic values in the behavior of the Lampung people based on the content of the rules in the Kuntara Rajaniti Jugulmuda Book.
{"title":"The Basic Values of Pi`il Pusenggighi in the Kuntara Rajaniti Jugulmuda Law","authors":"B. Sholihin, M. Maimun, A. Hermanto, Hepi Riza Zen","doi":"10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.6778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.6778","url":null,"abstract":"This article is the result of a study of the local wisdom values of the Lampung indigenous people ( Pi`il Pusenggighi ) in the ancient manuscripts of Kuntara Rajaniti and Jugulmuda. More specifically, this article wants to know the basic values of the social philosophy of the Lampung indigenous people are in the ancient text and how the content of Islamic teachings on the husband and wife rules. The research was conducted using a socio-philosophical approach and content analysis theory to answer this question. As a result, there are many Islamic values contained in the ancient manuscripts of Kuntara Rajaniti and Jugulmuda and the basic values of the social philosophy of the indigenous people of Lampung ( Pi`il Pusenggighi ). Another conclusion is that the basic values of the social philosophy of the Lampung indigenous people are full of Islamic values. Especially in the introduction to describe the Prophet Muhammad. Besides that, it also applies the analogy proposition similar to the Qiyâs proposition in Islam. This focuses on the content of values in the behavior of the Lampung people in their activities based on the rules in the Kuntara Niti Book. The results of the study show that there are Islamic values in the Kuntara Raja Niti Book. Thus the research conducted by Citra Ayyuhda and Karsiwan focused on Islamic values in the behavior of the Lampung people based on the content of the rules in the Kuntara Rajaniti Jugulmuda Book.","PeriodicalId":53315,"journal":{"name":"Tsaqafah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49466449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-06DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v17i2.6213
H. A. Hakim, Ming-Hsi Sung, C. B. E. Praja, Mutia Qori Dewi Masithoh, Salsabila Rahadatul’ Aisy
{"title":"The Islamic Law within the Indonesian Legal System (A Case Study of Islamic Sharia Law in Aceh)","authors":"H. A. Hakim, Ming-Hsi Sung, C. B. E. Praja, Mutia Qori Dewi Masithoh, Salsabila Rahadatul’ Aisy","doi":"10.21111/tsaqafah.v17i2.6213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v17i2.6213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53315,"journal":{"name":"Tsaqafah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45324008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-24DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v17i2.7059
M. Azani
{"title":"H.M. Rasjidi's View on The Modern Western Civilization","authors":"M. Azani","doi":"10.21111/tsaqafah.v17i2.7059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v17i2.7059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53315,"journal":{"name":"Tsaqafah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41330397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-18DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v17i2.6772
Rahmad Hakim
{"title":"Hamka and Quraish Shihab’s View on Zakah Manager","authors":"Rahmad Hakim","doi":"10.21111/tsaqafah.v17i2.6772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v17i2.6772","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53315,"journal":{"name":"Tsaqafah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41568623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-18DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v17i2.6879
K. Saputra, K. Krismono
The development of modern Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia cannot be separated from the model built by the Gontor Islamic Boarding School. Gontor›s education system is constructed to accommodate the continuity of Islamic religious traditions by adapting educational principles developed by exemplary institutions called sintesa. There are four specific inspirations of Gontor education: Al-Azhar in Egypt, Syanggit in Mauritania, Aligarh, and Santiniketan in India. This study aims to discuss Gontor education which is constructed from the educational philosophy of Aligarh and Santiniketan. The method used is autoethnography with the use of Giddens structuration as a theoretical framework. This study found that, in general, the influence of Aligarh and Santiniketan embodied in two aspects: symbolic and substantial. The symbolic aspect presents in the form of the nominalization of physical and non-physical infrastructure in Gontor. Substantial aspects are manifested in the modernization of the learning system and institutional governance, language skills, and the design of a holistic educational paradigm. This influence is manifested in Gontor education through a dialectical-structural step that involves the creative process of Trimurti, the founder of Gontor, to reconstruct the Aligarh and Santiniketan educational philosophies that are useful in developing and in line with Islamic education traditions.
{"title":"The Reconstruction of Aligarh and Santiniketan Educational Philosophy: The Creative Ijtihad of Trimurti in Developing Islamic Education in Indonesia","authors":"K. Saputra, K. Krismono","doi":"10.21111/tsaqafah.v17i2.6879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v17i2.6879","url":null,"abstract":"The development of modern Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia cannot be separated from the model built by the Gontor Islamic Boarding School. Gontor›s education system is constructed to accommodate the continuity of Islamic religious traditions by adapting educational principles developed by exemplary institutions called sintesa. There are four specific inspirations of Gontor education: Al-Azhar in Egypt, Syanggit in Mauritania, Aligarh, and Santiniketan in India. This study aims to discuss Gontor education which is constructed from the educational philosophy of Aligarh and Santiniketan. The method used is autoethnography with the use of Giddens structuration as a theoretical framework. This study found that, in general, the influence of Aligarh and Santiniketan embodied in two aspects: symbolic and substantial. The symbolic aspect presents in the form of the nominalization of physical and non-physical infrastructure in Gontor. Substantial aspects are manifested in the modernization of the learning system and institutional governance, language skills, and the design of a holistic educational paradigm. This influence is manifested in Gontor education through a dialectical-structural step that involves the creative process of Trimurti, the founder of Gontor, to reconstruct the Aligarh and Santiniketan educational philosophies that are useful in developing and in line with Islamic education traditions.","PeriodicalId":53315,"journal":{"name":"Tsaqafah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43418242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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