Zahra A. Amin, S. Sofi, H. Al-Bustany, Sheila M. Nuraddin
Background and objective: The development of new products for skin care and wound treatment is continuous, and herbal medicine plays an important role in the treatments. Oliveria decumbens, a plant from the family Apiaceae, has been reported to enclose many pharmacological properties. This study aimed to detect the effect of the essential oil of Oliveria decumbens as an antibacterial and wound healing agent. Methods: The antibacterial properties of Oliveria decumbens were studied by the disk diffusion method. In addition, the excision model of wound healing was applied to rats, and the AutoDock method was used to study the mechanism of action. Results: The essential oil extracted from Oliveria decumbens showed antibacterial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and the wound healing effect was comparable to the standard skin cream. Thymol was predicted to be the strongest binder of GSK-3 protein active site forming the most stable complex with hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction. The second-best binders were P-Cymene, Limonene, Gamma-Terpinene, and Carvacrol. Conclusion: The observed data backed the original claim of antibacterial and wound healing properties of Oliveria decumbens extracted essential oil. Keywords: Oliveria decumbens; Wound healing; Disk diffusion; AutoDock Vina method.
{"title":"Essential oil from Oliveria decumbens accelerates in vivo wound healing: a possible mechanism by the involvement of glycogen synthase kinase-3","authors":"Zahra A. Amin, S. Sofi, H. Al-Bustany, Sheila M. Nuraddin","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2022.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2022.013","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: The development of new products for skin care and wound treatment is continuous, and herbal medicine plays an important role in the treatments. Oliveria decumbens, a plant from the family Apiaceae, has been reported to enclose many pharmacological properties. This study aimed to detect the effect of the essential oil of Oliveria decumbens as an antibacterial and wound healing agent. Methods: The antibacterial properties of Oliveria decumbens were studied by the disk diffusion method. In addition, the excision model of wound healing was applied to rats, and the AutoDock method was used to study the mechanism of action. Results: The essential oil extracted from Oliveria decumbens showed antibacterial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and the wound healing effect was comparable to the standard skin cream. Thymol was predicted to be the strongest binder of GSK-3 protein active site forming the most stable complex with hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction. The second-best binders were P-Cymene, Limonene, Gamma-Terpinene, and Carvacrol. Conclusion: The observed data backed the original claim of antibacterial and wound healing properties of Oliveria decumbens extracted essential oil. Keywords: Oliveria decumbens; Wound healing; Disk diffusion; AutoDock Vina method.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44576090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Failure to get pregnant can be profoundly disappointing, frustrating and eventually lead to a lot of social, medical, and psychological consequences like depression. This study aimed to evaluate the role of uterine biophysical profile in predicting conception in women with a history of infertility. Methods: A prospective diagnostic accuracy study was conducted in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan region, in the Maternity Teaching Hospital from October 2019 to September 2020 on 51 women suffering from primary and secondary infertility. Vaginal ultrasound was performed for all the women at mid-cycle and before embryo transfer. The uterine scoring system for reproduction by Applebaum was calculated, and the total score was obtained. Its role in predicting conception was determined. Results: A cut-off of 15 scores of the uterine scoring system for reproduction gave a sensitivity of 86.7% and a specificity of 100%. Factors found to be associated with high rates of pregnancy were endometrial thickness 10-14 mm (P <0.001), distinct trilaminar layer (P <0.001), abundant blood flow within zone 3 (P <0.001), and uterine artery Doppler PI of <2.19 (P <0.001). The last two parameters gave a pregnancy rate of 100%. Conclusion: Applebaum’s uterine scoring system for reproduction is an easy, simple, noninvasive method for predicting pregnancy in women suffering from primary and secondary infertility. Both uterine artery Doppler PI and endometrial receptivity (including thickness, character, and vascularity) are two important parameters in predicting suitable environment for implantation and pregnancy outcome. Keywords: Uterine scoring system for reproduction (USSR); Uterine biophysical profile; In-vitro fertilization (IVF); Intrauterine insemination.
{"title":"Role of uterine biophysical profile in predicting conception in a sample of infertile women attending an IVF center in Erbil","authors":"Medya Sedeq","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2022.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2022.018","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Failure to get pregnant can be profoundly disappointing, frustrating and eventually lead to a lot of social, medical, and psychological consequences like depression. This study aimed to evaluate the role of uterine biophysical profile in predicting conception in women with a history of infertility. Methods: A prospective diagnostic accuracy study was conducted in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan region, in the Maternity Teaching Hospital from October 2019 to September 2020 on 51 women suffering from primary and secondary infertility. Vaginal ultrasound was performed for all the women at mid-cycle and before embryo transfer. The uterine scoring system for reproduction by Applebaum was calculated, and the total score was obtained. Its role in predicting conception was determined. Results: A cut-off of 15 scores of the uterine scoring system for reproduction gave a sensitivity of 86.7% and a specificity of 100%. Factors found to be associated with high rates of pregnancy were endometrial thickness 10-14 mm (P <0.001), distinct trilaminar layer (P <0.001), abundant blood flow within zone 3 (P <0.001), and uterine artery Doppler PI of <2.19 (P <0.001). The last two parameters gave a pregnancy rate of 100%. Conclusion: Applebaum’s uterine scoring system for reproduction is an easy, simple, noninvasive method for predicting pregnancy in women suffering from primary and secondary infertility. Both uterine artery Doppler PI and endometrial receptivity (including thickness, character, and vascularity) are two important parameters in predicting suitable environment for implantation and pregnancy outcome. Keywords: Uterine scoring system for reproduction (USSR); Uterine biophysical profile; In-vitro fertilization (IVF); Intrauterine insemination.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47491438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Venous thromboembolism after gynecological surgery is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the venous thromboembolism risk profile of women who underwent gynecological surgery at a tertiary hospital and review the prescribed venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Methods: An audit review study was conducted on 490 women who underwent major and minor gynecological surgeries at the Maternity Teaching Hospital, Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, from 1st December 2019 to 31st December 2020, regarding their risk of developing postoperative venous thromboembolism using the 2013 modified Caprini venous thromboembolism risk assessment model to determine their risk and the correct thromboprophylaxis prescription. Results: According to appropriate thromboprophylaxis administration of low molecular weight heparin, it was administered to two-thirds of the women. It was sufficient in 33.1% of the women, and only 8.2% of the women received it for the correct duration. The probability of incorrect decision was higher for the major surgeries than for minor surgeries [odds ratio (OR) = 15.5; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) =3.01–80.1]. Moderate risk carried a much higher probability of an incorrect decision than low risk (OR = 196.8; 95%CI = 30.4–1270.5), whereas the association with high risk was not significant. When low molecular weight heparin was administered, there was a higher probability of a wrong decision than when low molecular weight heparin was not administered (OR = 26.4; 95%CI = 7.1–97.6). Conclusion: The gynecologists' adherence to venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after major and minor gynecological surgeries at the hospital mandates more training for all healthcare providers. Keywords: Audit; Thromboprophylaxis; Caprini RAM 2013; Adherence to guidelines; Gynecological surgery.
{"title":"Risk assessment and compliance with hospital guidelines for venous thromboprophylaxis after gynecological surgeries","authors":"Gzng Kareem, S. Alalaf","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2022.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2022.012","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Venous thromboembolism after gynecological surgery is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the venous thromboembolism risk profile of women who underwent gynecological surgery at a tertiary hospital and review the prescribed venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Methods: An audit review study was conducted on 490 women who underwent major and minor gynecological surgeries at the Maternity Teaching Hospital, Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, from 1st December 2019 to 31st December 2020, regarding their risk of developing postoperative venous thromboembolism using the 2013 modified Caprini venous thromboembolism risk assessment model to determine their risk and the correct thromboprophylaxis prescription. Results: According to appropriate thromboprophylaxis administration of low molecular weight heparin, it was administered to two-thirds of the women. It was sufficient in 33.1% of the women, and only 8.2% of the women received it for the correct duration. The probability of incorrect decision was higher for the major surgeries than for minor surgeries [odds ratio (OR) = 15.5; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) =3.01–80.1]. Moderate risk carried a much higher probability of an incorrect decision than low risk (OR = 196.8; 95%CI = 30.4–1270.5), whereas the association with high risk was not significant. When low molecular weight heparin was administered, there was a higher probability of a wrong decision than when low molecular weight heparin was not administered (OR = 26.4; 95%CI = 7.1–97.6). Conclusion: The gynecologists' adherence to venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after major and minor gynecological surgeries at the hospital mandates more training for all healthcare providers. Keywords: Audit; Thromboprophylaxis; Caprini RAM 2013; Adherence to guidelines; Gynecological surgery.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45934545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tavga Salaim, S. Balaky, R. Al-rawi, S. Abdulla, A. Mawlood, N. Jawhar, A. Delmany
Background and objective: Helicobacter pylori can be regarded as one of the most common causes of chronic gastritis, which affects more than half of the world’s population. This study aimed to assess the presence of H. pylori in patients with gastritis and its association with gastric inflammation and adenocarcinoma. Methods: The presence of H. pylori was detected by rapid urease test and histopathological tests using biopsy specimens. Data were analyzed using the GraphPad Software Statistical Package. Results: The mean age of patients ± SD was 47.41 ± 18.13 years. The age range was 13 to 90 years. Results showed a significant association between the intensity of H. pylori and inflammation (P = 0.001). The more the intensity of H. pylori, the more severe the inflammation was noticed. Patients with high intensity of H. pylori had positive lymphoid aggregates. The H. pylori positive for the rapid urease test and the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining test were 95.2% and 96.3%, respectively. H. pylori infection was detected in more than 85% of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Histopathology and rapid urease tests are reliable diagnostic tools for detecting H. pylori. Results revealed a significant association of chronic active gastritis, mucosal lymphoid follicle formation, and adenocarcinoma with H. pylori infection. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; Histopathology; Gastric adenocarcinoma; Gastritis.
{"title":"Clinical manifestation of Helicobacter pylori infection and its association with gastric adenocarcinoma in gastritis patients in Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","authors":"Tavga Salaim, S. Balaky, R. Al-rawi, S. Abdulla, A. Mawlood, N. Jawhar, A. Delmany","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2022.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2022.019","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Helicobacter pylori can be regarded as one of the most common causes of chronic gastritis, which affects more than half of the world’s population. This study aimed to assess the presence of H. pylori in patients with gastritis and its association with gastric inflammation and adenocarcinoma. Methods: The presence of H. pylori was detected by rapid urease test and histopathological tests using biopsy specimens. Data were analyzed using the GraphPad Software Statistical Package. Results: The mean age of patients ± SD was 47.41 ± 18.13 years. The age range was 13 to 90 years. Results showed a significant association between the intensity of H. pylori and inflammation (P = 0.001). The more the intensity of H. pylori, the more severe the inflammation was noticed. Patients with high intensity of H. pylori had positive lymphoid aggregates. The H. pylori positive for the rapid urease test and the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining test were 95.2% and 96.3%, respectively. H. pylori infection was detected in more than 85% of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Histopathology and rapid urease tests are reliable diagnostic tools for detecting H. pylori. Results revealed a significant association of chronic active gastritis, mucosal lymphoid follicle formation, and adenocarcinoma with H. pylori infection. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; Histopathology; Gastric adenocarcinoma; Gastritis.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44396750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Although cholecystectomy relieves symptoms in the majority of cases, still a significant number of patients suffer from the post-cholecystectomy syndrome. Cystic duct remnant calculi is a causative factor of the post-cholecystectomy syndrome. Cystic duct stones are not infrequently encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomies. This study aimed to present our experience of patients with calculi of the cystic duct that successfully dealt with laparoscopically. Methods: This study was conducted on 4000 cases of chronic calculous cholecystitis at Rizgary Teaching Hospital from January 2010 to November 2020. Results: Cystic duct stones were detected in 397 cases. A single stone was found within the cystic duct in 301 patients (75.8%) and multiple stones in 96 patients (24.2%). The cystic duct was reported to be wider than normal in 368 cases (92.7%) and near to normal in 29 cases (7.30%). We recorded two cases (0.5%) of concomitant common bile duct stones with cystic duct stones. Our procedure for dealing with cystic duct stone was successful in 372cases (93.7%). Milking the stone back to the gall bladder was successful in 15 cases (3.80%). In eight cases (2.00%), we were obliged to convert the procedure to open cholecystectomy. Since peroperative cholangiography and choledcoscopy are not available in our hospital, the associated common bile duct stone in two cases (0.50%) was postponed and dealt with later on. Post-operative recovery was uneventful, apart from one patient who developed features of acute cholangitis. Conclusion: Cystic duct stones are not infrequent, as was believed earlier. Their preoperative detection may be difficult, but it can be detected easily peroperatively. Its detection and retrieval are mandatory to decrease the incidence of post-cholecystectomy phenomena. Keywords: Gall bladder; Laparoscopy; Cholecystectomy; Cystic duct stones.
{"title":"Management of cystic duct stone(s) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy","authors":"Balen Muhammed","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2022.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2022.020","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Although cholecystectomy relieves symptoms in the majority of cases, still a significant number of patients suffer from the post-cholecystectomy syndrome. Cystic duct remnant calculi is a causative factor of the post-cholecystectomy syndrome. Cystic duct stones are not infrequently encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomies. This study aimed to present our experience of patients with calculi of the cystic duct that successfully dealt with laparoscopically. Methods: This study was conducted on 4000 cases of chronic calculous cholecystitis at Rizgary Teaching Hospital from January 2010 to November 2020. Results: Cystic duct stones were detected in 397 cases. A single stone was found within the cystic duct in 301 patients (75.8%) and multiple stones in 96 patients (24.2%). The cystic duct was reported to be wider than normal in 368 cases (92.7%) and near to normal in 29 cases (7.30%). We recorded two cases (0.5%) of concomitant common bile duct stones with cystic duct stones. Our procedure for dealing with cystic duct stone was successful in 372cases (93.7%). Milking the stone back to the gall bladder was successful in 15 cases (3.80%). In eight cases (2.00%), we were obliged to convert the procedure to open cholecystectomy. Since peroperative cholangiography and choledcoscopy are not available in our hospital, the associated common bile duct stone in two cases (0.50%) was postponed and dealt with later on. Post-operative recovery was uneventful, apart from one patient who developed features of acute cholangitis. Conclusion: Cystic duct stones are not infrequent, as was believed earlier. Their preoperative detection may be difficult, but it can be detected easily peroperatively. Its detection and retrieval are mandatory to decrease the incidence of post-cholecystectomy phenomena. Keywords: Gall bladder; Laparoscopy; Cholecystectomy; Cystic duct stones.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44653430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Low early neonatal death reflects health care progress in any country. We aimed to determine the prevalence of early neonatal deaths and the associated maternal and neonatal factors in a hospital-based study. Methods: This audit study was conducted on all newborns in the labor ward and neonatal intensive care unit of a maternity teaching hospital in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. Fetal and maternal factors were determined and correlated with early neonatal deaths. Results: The early neonatal death rate was 6.7%. All categories of preterm deliveries (extreme, very, and moderate preterm) were significantly associated with early neonatal deaths (odds ratios [ORs] = 45.1, 6.2, and 2.1, respectively). The primiparous and grand multiparous women had a higher risk of early neonatal deaths (ORs = 8.4 and 13.0, respectively). Obese women had a higher risk of early neonatal deaths (OR = 3.3). The risk of early neonatal deaths was significantly high when the number of antenatal care visits was less than four (OR = 8.1). Delivery by cesarean section was associated with high risk (OR = 3.8). Regarding the Apgar scores in the first and fifth minutes after birth, early neonatal death was significantly higher among those with severely depressed scores. Conclusion: High parity, inadequate antenatal attendance, obesity, and mode of delivery, were contributing factors to early neonatal deaths. Early prenatal care can assist in the rapid identification and management of risk factors for early neonatal deaths. Keywords: Early neonatal death; Parity; Low birth weight; Maternal characteristics; Overweight.
{"title":"Maternal and neonatal characteristics that influence early neonatal deaths in a maternity teaching hospital","authors":"A. Dhahir, S. Alalaf","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2022.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2022.011","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Low early neonatal death reflects health care progress in any country. We aimed to determine the prevalence of early neonatal deaths and the associated maternal and neonatal factors in a hospital-based study. Methods: This audit study was conducted on all newborns in the labor ward and neonatal intensive care unit of a maternity teaching hospital in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. Fetal and maternal factors were determined and correlated with early neonatal deaths. Results: The early neonatal death rate was 6.7%. All categories of preterm deliveries (extreme, very, and moderate preterm) were significantly associated with early neonatal deaths (odds ratios [ORs] = 45.1, 6.2, and 2.1, respectively). The primiparous and grand multiparous women had a higher risk of early neonatal deaths (ORs = 8.4 and 13.0, respectively). Obese women had a higher risk of early neonatal deaths (OR = 3.3). The risk of early neonatal deaths was significantly high when the number of antenatal care visits was less than four (OR = 8.1). Delivery by cesarean section was associated with high risk (OR = 3.8). Regarding the Apgar scores in the first and fifth minutes after birth, early neonatal death was significantly higher among those with severely depressed scores. Conclusion: High parity, inadequate antenatal attendance, obesity, and mode of delivery, were contributing factors to early neonatal deaths. Early prenatal care can assist in the rapid identification and management of risk factors for early neonatal deaths. Keywords: Early neonatal death; Parity; Low birth weight; Maternal characteristics; Overweight.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43880410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Preliminary reports indicate some patients may develop a post-COVID-19 syndrome, in which they experience persistent symptoms after recovering from their initial illness. So, we investigated the persistent symptoms of patients after recovery from COVID-19 that attended a private clinic in Erbil city searching for care. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the demographic features of the patients, identify the clinical features of the patients after recovery and find associations between clinical and demographic features. Methods: This is a case series of a private clinic study, which was done in Erbil city. We reviewed patients who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 and were referred to the clinic from July 31st to December 1st, 2020, in Erbil, Iraq. Results: In this study, 154 post-recovered COVID-19 patients who attended the center during the six months of the study were enrolled. The mean age of the patients significantly increased with increased severity (P <0.001). A significant statistical association was also found between marital and smoking status with the severity of post-COVID-19 in which married patients developed more severe cases than non-married patients (P = 0.03). Also, cigarette smokers developed less severe clinical features than non-smokers (P = 0.005). The most frequent comorbidity among patients was hypertension (23%), while the least comorbidity was stroke, hyperthyroidism, renal failure, migraine, and osteoarthritis (0.7%). Conclusion: Significant statistical associations were found between the severity of the post-COVID-19 condition with many variables, including the mean age of the patients, marital status, and smoking status. The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension, and the least frequent was stroke. Keywords: Post-COVID-19 syndrome; Case series study; Comorbidity; Erbil city.
{"title":"Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of patients after recovery from COVID-19 infection in Erbil government, Iraq","authors":"Ali Barzinji, H. Jaff, S. Ismael","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2022.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2022.014","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Preliminary reports indicate some patients may develop a post-COVID-19 syndrome, in which they experience persistent symptoms after recovering from their initial illness. So, we investigated the persistent symptoms of patients after recovery from COVID-19 that attended a private clinic in Erbil city searching for care. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the demographic features of the patients, identify the clinical features of the patients after recovery and find associations between clinical and demographic features. Methods: This is a case series of a private clinic study, which was done in Erbil city. We reviewed patients who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 and were referred to the clinic from July 31st to December 1st, 2020, in Erbil, Iraq. Results: In this study, 154 post-recovered COVID-19 patients who attended the center during the six months of the study were enrolled. The mean age of the patients significantly increased with increased severity (P <0.001). A significant statistical association was also found between marital and smoking status with the severity of post-COVID-19 in which married patients developed more severe cases than non-married patients (P = 0.03). Also, cigarette smokers developed less severe clinical features than non-smokers (P = 0.005). The most frequent comorbidity among patients was hypertension (23%), while the least comorbidity was stroke, hyperthyroidism, renal failure, migraine, and osteoarthritis (0.7%). Conclusion: Significant statistical associations were found between the severity of the post-COVID-19 condition with many variables, including the mean age of the patients, marital status, and smoking status. The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension, and the least frequent was stroke. Keywords: Post-COVID-19 syndrome; Case series study; Comorbidity; Erbil city.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47971725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic and inflammatory autoimmune systemic disease of unknown cause that may affect many tissues and organs. Rheumatoid arthritis and thyroid disorders may occur in the patient simultaneously. The main antigens that give rise to thyroid antibodies are thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, anti-cyclic citrullinated protein, and thyroid hormone receptor. This study aimed to determine the frequency of thyroid dysfunction and seroprevalence of anti-thyroid antibody in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its association with inflammatory marker C-reactive protein. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at Rizgari Teaching Hospital and CMC private hospital, Erbil, Iraq. From 15 January to15 October 2020. A hundred patients with rheumatoid arthritis were included in the study, in addition to 70 controls. The serum levels of biomarkers were determined by the chemiluminescent immunoassay method. Results: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had 6% of thyroid dysfunctions. Regarding the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 9% had positive anti-thyroid peroxidase, 13% had positive anti-thyroglobulin, and 6% were positive for a combination of both. There was a statistically significant (P <0.001) high level of serum anti-cyclic citrullinated protein and C-reactive protein in rheumatoid arthritis than in control. Euthyroid profiles were 73% inrheumatoid arthritis patients and 82.9% in control. Conclusion: The study delineated the co-existence of thyroid disorder in rheumatoid arthritis patients with or without autoimmune origin, besides the increased prevalence of auto-thyroid antibody among rheumatoid arthritis with thyroid dysfunction.
{"title":"The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoantibodies among patients with rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Khoshawi Khaleel, Saeeda Hussain","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2022.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2022.009","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic and inflammatory autoimmune systemic disease of unknown cause that may affect many tissues and organs. Rheumatoid arthritis and thyroid disorders may occur in the patient simultaneously. The main antigens that give rise to thyroid antibodies are thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, anti-cyclic citrullinated protein, and thyroid hormone receptor. This study aimed to determine the frequency of thyroid dysfunction and seroprevalence of anti-thyroid antibody in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its association with inflammatory marker C-reactive protein. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at Rizgari Teaching Hospital and CMC private hospital, Erbil, Iraq. From 15 January to15 October 2020. A hundred patients with rheumatoid arthritis were included in the study, in addition to 70 controls. The serum levels of biomarkers were determined by the chemiluminescent immunoassay method. Results: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had 6% of thyroid dysfunctions. Regarding the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 9% had positive anti-thyroid peroxidase, 13% had positive anti-thyroglobulin, and 6% were positive for a combination of both. There was a statistically significant (P <0.001) high level of serum anti-cyclic citrullinated protein and C-reactive protein in rheumatoid arthritis than in control. Euthyroid profiles were 73% inrheumatoid arthritis patients and 82.9% in control. Conclusion: The study delineated the co-existence of thyroid disorder in rheumatoid arthritis patients with or without autoimmune origin, besides the increased prevalence of auto-thyroid antibody among rheumatoid arthritis with thyroid dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45278155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramadhan Ahmed, K. Sulaiman, Muhammed Hasan, A. Dauod
Background and objective: Anabolic-androgenic steroids are synthetic testosterone derivatives with a longer duration of action than physiological androgens. They are abused by bodybuilders because of their potential to enhance muscle strength. Serious medical and psychological complications may be associated with their non-medical use. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroids among bodybuilders and their awareness of health-related risks. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from the 1st of January 2019 to the end of July 2019 in 18 randomly selected gym centers in Erbil city, Iraq using stratified random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 400 bodybuilders to assess the prevalence and knowledge of using Anabolic-androgenic steroids. Results: The study showed a high prevalence of Anabolic-androgenic steroid consumption (26.3%) among gym users in Erbil city. Anabolic-androgenic steroid use was significantly higher among participants with a longer duration of bodybuilding practice ≥4 years (P = 0.001). Anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse was significantly associated with drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, and using growth hormones. Trainers were the commonest source of recommendation. Conclusion: The prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroids abuse is high among bodybuilders in Erbil city. Public health awareness is essential and may help avoid the propagation of the problem. Keywords: Anabolic steroids; Gym users; Bodybuilders; Knowledge, Erbil.
{"title":"Anabolic-androgenic steroid use among bodybuilders in Erbil city","authors":"Ramadhan Ahmed, K. Sulaiman, Muhammed Hasan, A. Dauod","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2021.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2021.032","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Anabolic-androgenic steroids are synthetic testosterone derivatives with a longer duration of action than physiological androgens. They are abused by bodybuilders because of their potential to enhance muscle strength. Serious medical and psychological complications may be associated with their non-medical use. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroids among bodybuilders and their awareness of health-related risks. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from the 1st of January 2019 to the end of July 2019 in 18 randomly selected gym centers in Erbil city, Iraq using stratified random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 400 bodybuilders to assess the prevalence and knowledge of using Anabolic-androgenic steroids. Results: The study showed a high prevalence of Anabolic-androgenic steroid consumption (26.3%) among gym users in Erbil city. Anabolic-androgenic steroid use was significantly higher among participants with a longer duration of bodybuilding practice ≥4 years (P = 0.001). Anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse was significantly associated with drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, and using growth hormones. Trainers were the commonest source of recommendation. Conclusion: The prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroids abuse is high among bodybuilders in Erbil city. Public health awareness is essential and may help avoid the propagation of the problem. Keywords: Anabolic steroids; Gym users; Bodybuilders; Knowledge, Erbil.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46007690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: HbA1c has been endorsed by the American Diabetes Association and World Health Organization to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus. Its value is directly proportional to the blood glucose level. However, besides the blood glucose level, other factors like iron deficiency anemia can affect HbA1c level. We conducted this study to reveal the impact of iron deficiency anemia on HbA1c level and to assess whether HbA1c result changes after the correction of iron deficiency anemia. Methods: Twenty five non-diabetic children who were confirmed to have iron deficiency anemia were enrolled. HbA1c, hemoglobin, serum iron, and ferritin were measured and compared at baseline and post-correction of iron deficiency anemia with a three-month age-appropriate dose of iron therapy. The baseline results were compared with 25 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Results: Children with iron deficiency anemia had significantly higher HbA1c level (6.144±0.6312, P <0.001) than the control group (5.032±0.5558, P <0.001). After three months of treatment of iron deficiency anemia, HbA1c significantly dropped (from 6.144±0.6312, P <0.001 to 5.604±0.51, P <0.001). Conclusion: This study concluded that HbA1c is inversely proportional to iron deficiency anemia in non-diabetic children, and treatment of iron deficiency anemia led to a drop in HbA1c level. Due to this false elevation of HbA1c by iron deficiency anemia, iron deficiency anemia should be considered and excluded before making the diagnosis or deciding on any therapeutic change in diabetic children. Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia; HbA1c; Non-diabetic children.
{"title":"Impact of iron deficiency anemia on HbA1c level in non-diabetic children","authors":"M. Qader, A. Rabaty","doi":"10.15218/zjms.2021.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2021.027","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: HbA1c has been endorsed by the American Diabetes Association and World Health Organization to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus. Its value is directly proportional to the blood glucose level. However, besides the blood glucose level, other factors like iron deficiency anemia can affect HbA1c level. We conducted this study to reveal the impact of iron deficiency anemia on HbA1c level and to assess whether HbA1c result changes after the correction of iron deficiency anemia. Methods: Twenty five non-diabetic children who were confirmed to have iron deficiency anemia were enrolled. HbA1c, hemoglobin, serum iron, and ferritin were measured and compared at baseline and post-correction of iron deficiency anemia with a three-month age-appropriate dose of iron therapy. The baseline results were compared with 25 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Results: Children with iron deficiency anemia had significantly higher HbA1c level (6.144±0.6312, P <0.001) than the control group (5.032±0.5558, P <0.001). After three months of treatment of iron deficiency anemia, HbA1c significantly dropped (from 6.144±0.6312, P <0.001 to 5.604±0.51, P <0.001). Conclusion: This study concluded that HbA1c is inversely proportional to iron deficiency anemia in non-diabetic children, and treatment of iron deficiency anemia led to a drop in HbA1c level. Due to this false elevation of HbA1c by iron deficiency anemia, iron deficiency anemia should be considered and excluded before making the diagnosis or deciding on any therapeutic change in diabetic children. Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia; HbA1c; Non-diabetic children.","PeriodicalId":53383,"journal":{"name":"Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44573845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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