Lius Hariman, Syafri Kamsul Arif, M. R. Ahmad, S. Gaus, Haizah Nurdin, Alamsyah Ambo Ala Husain
Background: Substance use disorders (SUD) in the population of anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine (ICM) residents have the potential to cause fatal occupational risks. Currently, there are no epidemiological reports regarding the prevalence of SUD among doctors in Indonesia and anaesthesiologists in particular. The purpose of this study was to estimate the occurrence of SUD among anaesthesiology and ICM residents in Indonesia and to recognize the SUD prevention strategy implemented in each teaching hospital. Methods: This was a survey-based observational study using a three-part questionnaire consisting of 20 binary questions, which was pertained to the sociodemographic details, the occurrence and prevention of SUD. Participants were recruited from 16 residency programs with a total of 1 127 active residents registered at the Indonesian College of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. All returned surveys were reviewed and scored by hand. The data were compiled and analyzed with numbers and percentages. Results: Returned surveys from 353 residents yielded a 31.3% response rate. Residents from 13 out of 16 registered residency programs in Indonesia participated in this survey. The occurrence of SUD among anaesthesiology and ICM residents in Indonesia was 0.5%. As much as 77.3% of respondents never had toxicological screening. Moreover, 18.2% of respondents were not aware of any routine toxicology screening in their program. Conclusions: The majority of anaesthesiology and ICM residents in Indonesia have risk factors for developing SUD. The need for policies, training, education, and SUD prevention strategies must be immediately addressed.
背景：麻醉学和重症监护医学（ICM）住院医师群体中的药物使用障碍（SUD）有可能导致致命的职业风险。目前，还没有关于印度尼西亚医生，尤其是麻醉科医生中药物滥用症发病率的流行病学报告。本研究的目的是估计印度尼西亚麻醉科和重症医学科住院医生中 SUD 的发生率，并了解各教学医院实施的 SUD 预防策略。研究方法这是一项以调查为基础的观察性研究，调查问卷由三部分组成，包括 20 个二元问题，涉及社会人口学细节、SDD 的发生和预防。参与者来自16个住院医师培训项目，共有1 127名在印度尼西亚麻醉学和重症监护学院注册的在职住院医师。所有回收的调查问卷都经过了人工审核和评分。数据以数字和百分比的形式进行汇总和分析。结果：共收到 353 位住院医师的调查问卷，回复率为 31.3%。来自印度尼西亚 16 个注册住院医师培训项目中 13 个项目的住院医师参与了此次调查。印尼麻醉科和内科住院医师的 SUD 发生率为 0.5%。77.3%的受访者从未进行过毒理学检查。此外，18.2%的受访者不知道他们的项目中有任何常规毒理学筛查。结论印尼大多数麻醉科和内科住院医师都存在罹患 SUD 的风险因素。必须立即解决政策、培训、教育和 SUD 预防策略方面的需求。
{"title":"Occurrence and Prevention of Substance Use Disorder Among Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Residents in Indonesia: A Pilot Study","authors":"Lius Hariman, Syafri Kamsul Arif, M. R. Ahmad, S. Gaus, Haizah Nurdin, Alamsyah Ambo Ala Husain","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-143304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-143304","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Substance use disorders (SUD) in the population of anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine (ICM) residents have the potential to cause fatal occupational risks. Currently, there are no epidemiological reports regarding the prevalence of SUD among doctors in Indonesia and anaesthesiologists in particular. The purpose of this study was to estimate the occurrence of SUD among anaesthesiology and ICM residents in Indonesia and to recognize the SUD prevention strategy implemented in each teaching hospital. Methods: This was a survey-based observational study using a three-part questionnaire consisting of 20 binary questions, which was pertained to the sociodemographic details, the occurrence and prevention of SUD. Participants were recruited from 16 residency programs with a total of 1 127 active residents registered at the Indonesian College of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. All returned surveys were reviewed and scored by hand. The data were compiled and analyzed with numbers and percentages. Results: Returned surveys from 353 residents yielded a 31.3% response rate. Residents from 13 out of 16 registered residency programs in Indonesia participated in this survey. The occurrence of SUD among anaesthesiology and ICM residents in Indonesia was 0.5%. As much as 77.3% of respondents never had toxicological screening. Moreover, 18.2% of respondents were not aware of any routine toxicology screening in their program. Conclusions: The majority of anaesthesiology and ICM residents in Indonesia have risk factors for developing SUD. The need for policies, training, education, and SUD prevention strategies must be immediately addressed.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Currently, the Internet is widely used by students for academic purposes; however, excessive Internet use might have negative consequences on students’ academic performance, sleep quality, and cognitive abilities. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Internet usage, sleep quality, and cognitive function among medical students. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 525 pre-internship medical students, including 304 first- and second-year students, 113 third-year students, and 108 externs, within 2019 and 2021 at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. The participants were selected using a stratified sampling method. All participants completed the Cognitive Ability Questionnaire (CAQ), Internet Addiction Questionnaire (IAQ), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22). Results: According to the IAQ, 430 participants (81.9%) were categorized as average Internet users, 94 participants (17.9%) had occasional or frequent problems, and 1 participant had significant problems with Internet use. Mean PSQI and CAQ scores were significantly higher among participants with occasional or frequent problems/significant problems than the average Internet users (P < 0.001 each). The total IAQ score showed a positive correlation with total CAQ (r = 0.439, P < 0.001) and total PSQI (r = 0.264, P < 0.001) scores. Among the PSQI subscales, sleep latency (P = 0.032), daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness (P < 0.001), sleep efficiency (P = 0.001), and overall sleep quality (P < 0.001) were worse in participants with occasional or frequent problems/significant problems than in average Internet users. Conclusions: Excessive Internet use negatively affects the sleep quality and cognitive performance of medical students.
{"title":"Is there a Correlation Between Internet Use and Sleep and Cognitive Function Among Medical Students?","authors":"Mahshad Saberi Najafi, Sima Garmehi, Maryam Emadzadeh, Seyed Alireza Sadjadi, Mahboubeh Eslamzadeh","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-135628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-135628","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Currently, the Internet is widely used by students for academic purposes; however, excessive Internet use might have negative consequences on students’ academic performance, sleep quality, and cognitive abilities. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Internet usage, sleep quality, and cognitive function among medical students. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 525 pre-internship medical students, including 304 first- and second-year students, 113 third-year students, and 108 externs, within 2019 and 2021 at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. The participants were selected using a stratified sampling method. All participants completed the Cognitive Ability Questionnaire (CAQ), Internet Addiction Questionnaire (IAQ), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22). Results: According to the IAQ, 430 participants (81.9%) were categorized as average Internet users, 94 participants (17.9%) had occasional or frequent problems, and 1 participant had significant problems with Internet use. Mean PSQI and CAQ scores were significantly higher among participants with occasional or frequent problems/significant problems than the average Internet users (P < 0.001 each). The total IAQ score showed a positive correlation with total CAQ (r = 0.439, P < 0.001) and total PSQI (r = 0.264, P < 0.001) scores. Among the PSQI subscales, sleep latency (P = 0.032), daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness (P < 0.001), sleep efficiency (P = 0.001), and overall sleep quality (P < 0.001) were worse in participants with occasional or frequent problems/significant problems than in average Internet users. Conclusions: Excessive Internet use negatively affects the sleep quality and cognitive performance of medical students.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139129156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The coronavirus pandemic and the preventive measures implemented in response to it have presented family structures with significant challenges and tensions, leading to an increase in domestic violence cases during quarantine. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of corona anxiety, cognitive emotion regulation, and distress tolerance on domestic violence among couples during quarantine. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the study population included all married individuals who participated in the research through invitations. Three hundred and fifty participants were included in the research by available and targeted sampling. Data were collected using the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2), Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), and Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (ERQ). Results: The findings indicated that the variables of corona anxiety, cognitive emotion regulation, and distress tolerance could significantly predict domestic violence among couples. Among these variables, cognitive emotion regulation was the most suitable predictor of domestic violence. The study also revealed a significant positive relationship between corona anxiety and domestic violence (with a correlation coefficient of 0.051, P = 0.001). Additionally, there were negative relationships between cognitive emotion regulation and domestic violence (-0.45), as well as between distress tolerance and domestic violence (-0/38; P = 0.001). Conclusions: The research findings highlight the importance of addressing corona anxiety, emotional regulation, and distress tolerance to mitigate domestic violence among couples. Managing these factors can contribute to reducing the incidence of domestic violence in couples.
{"title":"Relation of Corona Anxiety, Cognitive Emotion Regulation, and Distress Tolerance with Domestic Violence","authors":"Elham Taheri, Mahdi Amiri, Narges Ensan","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-133759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-133759","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The coronavirus pandemic and the preventive measures implemented in response to it have presented family structures with significant challenges and tensions, leading to an increase in domestic violence cases during quarantine. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of corona anxiety, cognitive emotion regulation, and distress tolerance on domestic violence among couples during quarantine. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the study population included all married individuals who participated in the research through invitations. Three hundred and fifty participants were included in the research by available and targeted sampling. Data were collected using the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2), Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), and Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (ERQ). Results: The findings indicated that the variables of corona anxiety, cognitive emotion regulation, and distress tolerance could significantly predict domestic violence among couples. Among these variables, cognitive emotion regulation was the most suitable predictor of domestic violence. The study also revealed a significant positive relationship between corona anxiety and domestic violence (with a correlation coefficient of 0.051, P = 0.001). Additionally, there were negative relationships between cognitive emotion regulation and domestic violence (-0.45), as well as between distress tolerance and domestic violence (-0/38; P = 0.001). Conclusions: The research findings highlight the importance of addressing corona anxiety, emotional regulation, and distress tolerance to mitigate domestic violence among couples. Managing these factors can contribute to reducing the incidence of domestic violence in couples.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138586737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sina Sadat Dolatshahi, Akram Nezhadi, Jahangir Jahangiri, B. Dolatshahi
Background: Substance use is a global mental health issue and a significant challenge in many countries. As reported by the United Nations, marijuana had the highest production, trafficking, and consumption rates in 2022. Attitudes play a crucial role in influencing substance use, including marijuana. Examining attitudes can help predict individuals’ readiness for consumption, and established attitudes can shape their behavior. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of lifetime marijuana use and attitudes regarding perceived harms, benefits, addictiveness, and reasons for use among students from Tehran universities. Additionally, it seeks to explore gender differences in these attitudes. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted between June 2021 and January 2022 among 538 students from Tehran universities, comprising 44% men and 55.6% women. The sample size of 538 individuals was selected using convenience sampling. Lifetime marijuana use was self-reported, and attitudes were assessed using a validated marijuana attitude questionnaire rated on a 4-point Likert scale. Gender differences were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results: Overall, 17.5% of participants reported lifetime marijuana use, with a significantly higher prevalence among males (25%) compared to females (10.37%; P < 0.05). Most students (86%) considered marijuana to be addictive, especially females (92%) compared to males (78%) (χ2 = 17.6; P < 0.05). A larger proportion of females (74%) than males (58%) believed that marijuana was difficult to control (χ2 = 10.08; P < 0.05). While 93.5% acknowledged the existence of side effects, more males (39%) perceived benefits from marijuana use compared to females (28%; P < 0.05). The reported benefits included feelings of happiness (53%), stress and anxiety reduction (50%), and improved concentration (38%). Conclusions: The study revealed that both female and male students perceived marijuana use as equally harmful. However, female students exhibited a more negative attitude toward marijuana use compared to their male counterparts. Specifically, female students considered marijuana to be more addictive (92% vs 78% in males; χ2 = 17.6; P = .001) and harder to control (74% vs 58% in males; χ2 = 10.08; P = .001) than male students. This more negative attitude among female students regarding marijuana’s addictiveness, side effects, and controllability corresponded to lower actual usage rates (10.37% vs 25% in males), suggesting that their negative attitudes may act as a deterrent. It seems the existence of a more negative attitude toward marijuana in females makes them less inclined to use it, potentially having a protective role. Conversely, male students reported higher usage rates alongside a more positive attitude toward marijuana.
{"title":"Attitudes Toward Marijuana Use Among Public University Students in Tehran","authors":"Sina Sadat Dolatshahi, Akram Nezhadi, Jahangir Jahangiri, B. Dolatshahi","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-139679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-139679","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Substance use is a global mental health issue and a significant challenge in many countries. As reported by the United Nations, marijuana had the highest production, trafficking, and consumption rates in 2022. Attitudes play a crucial role in influencing substance use, including marijuana. Examining attitudes can help predict individuals’ readiness for consumption, and established attitudes can shape their behavior. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of lifetime marijuana use and attitudes regarding perceived harms, benefits, addictiveness, and reasons for use among students from Tehran universities. Additionally, it seeks to explore gender differences in these attitudes. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted between June 2021 and January 2022 among 538 students from Tehran universities, comprising 44% men and 55.6% women. The sample size of 538 individuals was selected using convenience sampling. Lifetime marijuana use was self-reported, and attitudes were assessed using a validated marijuana attitude questionnaire rated on a 4-point Likert scale. Gender differences were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results: Overall, 17.5% of participants reported lifetime marijuana use, with a significantly higher prevalence among males (25%) compared to females (10.37%; P < 0.05). Most students (86%) considered marijuana to be addictive, especially females (92%) compared to males (78%) (χ2 = 17.6; P < 0.05). A larger proportion of females (74%) than males (58%) believed that marijuana was difficult to control (χ2 = 10.08; P < 0.05). While 93.5% acknowledged the existence of side effects, more males (39%) perceived benefits from marijuana use compared to females (28%; P < 0.05). The reported benefits included feelings of happiness (53%), stress and anxiety reduction (50%), and improved concentration (38%). Conclusions: The study revealed that both female and male students perceived marijuana use as equally harmful. However, female students exhibited a more negative attitude toward marijuana use compared to their male counterparts. Specifically, female students considered marijuana to be more addictive (92% vs 78% in males; χ2 = 17.6; P = .001) and harder to control (74% vs 58% in males; χ2 = 10.08; P = .001) than male students. This more negative attitude among female students regarding marijuana’s addictiveness, side effects, and controllability corresponded to lower actual usage rates (10.37% vs 25% in males), suggesting that their negative attitudes may act as a deterrent. It seems the existence of a more negative attitude toward marijuana in females makes them less inclined to use it, potentially having a protective role. Conversely, male students reported higher usage rates alongside a more positive attitude toward marijuana.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138592537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hossein Farrokhi, I. Bigdeli, A. Mashhadi, Seyed Ruhollah Hosseini
Background: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a serious and prevalent problem among the adult population. Despite its significant issue in clinical settings, there is a lack of effective, evidence-based, and affordable treatment options for NSSI. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacies of transdiagnostic therapy based on the Research Domain Criteria framework (TTB-RDoC) with treatment as usual (TAU) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of adult NSSI. Methods: A total of 68 males aged 18-30 years diagnosed with NSSI participated in this randomized controlled trial (RCT). Participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups: TTB-RDoC (n = 24), TAU (n = 22), and tDCS (n = 22). Nonsuicidal self-injury and transdiagnostic symptoms were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and during a 12-month follow-up. Results: Both TAU and TTB-RDoC treatments resulted in significantly lower ratings across all measures compared to tDCS at post-treatment (all P values < 0.001). TAU and TTB-RDoC showed significantly greater reductions in NSSI (P = 0.001 [post-treatment]; P = 0.001 [follow-up]) compared to tDCS. Conclusions: TTB-RDoC treatment may be an effective strategy to improve long-term treatment outcomes in adult NSSI.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Transdiagnostic Therapy Based on the Research Domain Criteria Framework Compared with Treatment as Usual and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Adult Nonsuicidal Self-injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Hossein Farrokhi, I. Bigdeli, A. Mashhadi, Seyed Ruhollah Hosseini","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-140120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-140120","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a serious and prevalent problem among the adult population. Despite its significant issue in clinical settings, there is a lack of effective, evidence-based, and affordable treatment options for NSSI. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacies of transdiagnostic therapy based on the Research Domain Criteria framework (TTB-RDoC) with treatment as usual (TAU) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of adult NSSI. Methods: A total of 68 males aged 18-30 years diagnosed with NSSI participated in this randomized controlled trial (RCT). Participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups: TTB-RDoC (n = 24), TAU (n = 22), and tDCS (n = 22). Nonsuicidal self-injury and transdiagnostic symptoms were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and during a 12-month follow-up. Results: Both TAU and TTB-RDoC treatments resulted in significantly lower ratings across all measures compared to tDCS at post-treatment (all P values < 0.001). TAU and TTB-RDoC showed significantly greater reductions in NSSI (P = 0.001 [post-treatment]; P = 0.001 [follow-up]) compared to tDCS. Conclusions: TTB-RDoC treatment may be an effective strategy to improve long-term treatment outcomes in adult NSSI.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elham Khodarahmi, Abbas Amanelahi, Zabihollah Abaspour
Background: Conflictual parent-adolescent interactions and parental psychological control to limit adolescents’ activities make them avoid their parents and then try to fill this emotional gap in other settings such as social media and networks. Objectives: The present study aimed to predict social media addiction among female adolescents based on parent-adolescent conflict and parental psychological control. Materials and Methods: Participants in this study were 412 female adolescents in Ahvaz city, who were divided into two groups: (1) with social media addiction (206 persons); and (2) without social media addiction (206 persons). The participants completed the Social Media Addiction Scale, Parent-Adolescent Conflict Scale, and Psychological Control Scale-Youth Self-Report. The data were analyzed with SPSS 25 software. Results: Discriminant analysis showed that the levels of parent-adolescent conflict (conflict with the father and mother) and parental psychological control were significantly different between the two groups of adolescents (i.e., with and without social media addiction). Furthermore, parent-adolescent conflict and parental psychological control, either alone or together, could predict social media addiction among adolescents. Conclusions: Conflict between parents and adolescents and parental psychological control can gradually push adolescents toward addiction to social media. Accordingly, it is important to pay attention to parent-adolescent conflict and parental psychological control in order to prevent social media addiction among adolescents.
{"title":"Prediction of Social Media Addiction Among Female Adolescents Based on Parent-Adolescent Conflict and Parental Psychological Control","authors":"Elham Khodarahmi, Abbas Amanelahi, Zabihollah Abaspour","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-134279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-134279","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Conflictual parent-adolescent interactions and parental psychological control to limit adolescents’ activities make them avoid their parents and then try to fill this emotional gap in other settings such as social media and networks. Objectives: The present study aimed to predict social media addiction among female adolescents based on parent-adolescent conflict and parental psychological control. Materials and Methods: Participants in this study were 412 female adolescents in Ahvaz city, who were divided into two groups: (1) with social media addiction (206 persons); and (2) without social media addiction (206 persons). The participants completed the Social Media Addiction Scale, Parent-Adolescent Conflict Scale, and Psychological Control Scale-Youth Self-Report. The data were analyzed with SPSS 25 software. Results: Discriminant analysis showed that the levels of parent-adolescent conflict (conflict with the father and mother) and parental psychological control were significantly different between the two groups of adolescents (i.e., with and without social media addiction). Furthermore, parent-adolescent conflict and parental psychological control, either alone or together, could predict social media addiction among adolescents. Conclusions: Conflict between parents and adolescents and parental psychological control can gradually push adolescents toward addiction to social media. Accordingly, it is important to pay attention to parent-adolescent conflict and parental psychological control in order to prevent social media addiction among adolescents.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Adolescents are vulnerable to addictive behaviors such as digital game addiction, and mothers’ cognitive avoidance can play a key role in initiating and intensifying these behaviors. Objectives: The present research tends to review the mediating role of anxiety in the relationship between mothers' cognitive avoidance and adolescents' digital addiction. Materials and Methods: The current research was a correlational-descriptive study. The sample consisted of 199 high school students in the city of Zahedan, along with their mothers between 2020 and 2021, who were selected by a convenience sampling method. Students answered the Digital Addiction Scale for Children (DASC) and the youth anxiety measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5), and their mothers answered the Sexton and Dagas Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient test and path analysis in SPSS and AMOS-24 software. Results: The results of Pearson's correlation test indicated that adolescents’ digital game addiction had a significant positive relationship with the dimensions of mothers' cognitive avoidance and adolescent anxiety (P < 0.001). The results of the path analysis test indicated the positive and significant direct effects of mothers’ cognitive avoidance dimensions, including suppression (P < 0.05, β = 0.19), substitution (P < 0.001, β = 0.29), and avoidance (P < 0.05, β = 0.20), on adolescent anxiety, and the positive and significant indirect effects of suppression (β = 0.04), substitution (β = 0.06), and mothers’ cognitive avoidance (β = 0.04) on digital game addiction. Also, the findings indicated that the direct effects of adolescent anxiety (P < 0.01, β = 0.22) and mothers’ cognitive return attention (P < 0.001, β = 0.34) on children's digital game addiction were positive and significant. In addition, mothers' cognitive avoidance and adolescent anxiety explained 24% of the variance of digital game addiction in adolescents. Conclusions: The findings of the present study are consistent with the hypothesis of the importance of family factors in adolescents’ digital game addiction. Conducting such research can provide important practical approaches concerning prevention and intervention by providing essential information on the role of individual and family factors in the occurrence of digital addiction.
{"title":"The Mediating Role of Anxiety in the Relationship Between Mothers’ Cognitive Avoidance and Adolescents’ Digital Game Addiction","authors":"Hellema Jahantigh, Sana Nourimoghadam","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-136246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-136246","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescents are vulnerable to addictive behaviors such as digital game addiction, and mothers’ cognitive avoidance can play a key role in initiating and intensifying these behaviors. Objectives: The present research tends to review the mediating role of anxiety in the relationship between mothers' cognitive avoidance and adolescents' digital addiction. Materials and Methods: The current research was a correlational-descriptive study. The sample consisted of 199 high school students in the city of Zahedan, along with their mothers between 2020 and 2021, who were selected by a convenience sampling method. Students answered the Digital Addiction Scale for Children (DASC) and the youth anxiety measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5), and their mothers answered the Sexton and Dagas Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient test and path analysis in SPSS and AMOS-24 software. Results: The results of Pearson's correlation test indicated that adolescents’ digital game addiction had a significant positive relationship with the dimensions of mothers' cognitive avoidance and adolescent anxiety (P < 0.001). The results of the path analysis test indicated the positive and significant direct effects of mothers’ cognitive avoidance dimensions, including suppression (P < 0.05, β = 0.19), substitution (P < 0.001, β = 0.29), and avoidance (P < 0.05, β = 0.20), on adolescent anxiety, and the positive and significant indirect effects of suppression (β = 0.04), substitution (β = 0.06), and mothers’ cognitive avoidance (β = 0.04) on digital game addiction. Also, the findings indicated that the direct effects of adolescent anxiety (P < 0.01, β = 0.22) and mothers’ cognitive return attention (P < 0.001, β = 0.34) on children's digital game addiction were positive and significant. In addition, mothers' cognitive avoidance and adolescent anxiety explained 24% of the variance of digital game addiction in adolescents. Conclusions: The findings of the present study are consistent with the hypothesis of the importance of family factors in adolescents’ digital game addiction. Conducting such research can provide important practical approaches concerning prevention and intervention by providing essential information on the role of individual and family factors in the occurrence of digital addiction.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135894745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Hosseininejad-Mohebati, Toba Kazemi, Marjan Farzad, Mostafa Jafarzadeh, Seyed Ali Moezi Bady, Nahid Azdaki, Saeede Khosravi Bizhaem
Background: Coronary artery disease has recently increased from 20 to 45%. Previous studies emphasize a wide range of risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis. The role of inflammatory factors has been proven in the development of coronary artery atherosclerosis. Drugs are effective in coronary artery atherosclerosis by stimulating inflammatory factors. Objectives: This study evaluated the heart status regarding the history of drug and psychotropics use in corpses referred to Birjand Legal Medicine Center from 2011 to 2018. Materiald and Methods: In this case-control study, corpses referred to forensic medicine with a history of substance abuse (case group) and no history of substance abuse (control group) were selected. The data included pathological and toxicological autopsy results. Data analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: Of 193 corpses, 126 were in the case group and 67 in the control group. The mean age was 41.82 ± 16.84. The Mann-Whitney test showed that heart weight was significantly higher in cases than in controls (P = 0.018). Mean heart dimensions in the case and control groups were 13 × 10 × 7 and 13 × 9 × 6, respectively, with a significant difference in one dimension (P = 0.014). Coronary artery stenosis results showed mean RC = 52.49, LC = 55.97, CX = 61.84, and LAD = 69.90. There was no significant positive correlation between drug abuse and atherosclerosis (r = 0.119, P = 0.09). Also, a higher prevalence of atherosclerosis was seen in males. Conclusions: Drug use can be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in people with substance abuse by changing the physical characteristics of the heart. Further studies must investigate the effect of drug use on coronary artery disease development and the factors intensifying these effects.
{"title":"Heart Status Regarding Opium and Psychotropics Use in Corpses Referred to Birjand Legal Medicine Center from 2011 to 2018","authors":"Ali Hosseininejad-Mohebati, Toba Kazemi, Marjan Farzad, Mostafa Jafarzadeh, Seyed Ali Moezi Bady, Nahid Azdaki, Saeede Khosravi Bizhaem","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-134578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-134578","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronary artery disease has recently increased from 20 to 45%. Previous studies emphasize a wide range of risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis. The role of inflammatory factors has been proven in the development of coronary artery atherosclerosis. Drugs are effective in coronary artery atherosclerosis by stimulating inflammatory factors. Objectives: This study evaluated the heart status regarding the history of drug and psychotropics use in corpses referred to Birjand Legal Medicine Center from 2011 to 2018. Materiald and Methods: In this case-control study, corpses referred to forensic medicine with a history of substance abuse (case group) and no history of substance abuse (control group) were selected. The data included pathological and toxicological autopsy results. Data analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: Of 193 corpses, 126 were in the case group and 67 in the control group. The mean age was 41.82 ± 16.84. The Mann-Whitney test showed that heart weight was significantly higher in cases than in controls (P = 0.018). Mean heart dimensions in the case and control groups were 13 × 10 × 7 and 13 × 9 × 6, respectively, with a significant difference in one dimension (P = 0.014). Coronary artery stenosis results showed mean RC = 52.49, LC = 55.97, CX = 61.84, and LAD = 69.90. There was no significant positive correlation between drug abuse and atherosclerosis (r = 0.119, P = 0.09). Also, a higher prevalence of atherosclerosis was seen in males. Conclusions: Drug use can be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in people with substance abuse by changing the physical characteristics of the heart. Further studies must investigate the effect of drug use on coronary artery disease development and the factors intensifying these effects.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135425040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: The routine implemented by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on people’s lives has had several consequences. Children have also been involved in this crisis. Concerning pediatric oral health, dental workers also reduced working load and postponed treatments. Therefore, the present review aimed to assess related articles and discuss the impacts of COVID-19 on pediatric dentistry and pediatric oral health status. Methods: Electronic search was performed using the following keywords: “Coronavirus, COVID-19, Dental Care for Children, Dental Health Services, Pandemics, and Pediatric Dentistry.” Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochran Library, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Google databases were searched from the beginning of the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. After a preliminary search, 156 articles were retrieved, finally reduced to 13. Both reviewers carried out screening and selection of articles independently. Results: Based on the scientific articles (n = 13) included in our study, pediatric dentistry was severely impacted during the outbreak. Some factors included quarantine, reduced professional workload, fear of COVID-19 in families, the possibility of carrying the virus by children, accompanying children to the clinic by adults, and the impossibility of tolerance by the children to perform strict personal protective protocols and altered intake habits during the pandemic. Moreover, dental professionals can prevent the further spread of COVID-19 by adhering to guidelines, including conducting primary triage, keeping the office not overcrowded, regular disinfection, and distance education. Conclusions: Policymakers must find a biosafety solution for vulnerable pediatric populations. Telecommunications and distance education are the solutions for promoting oral health during this period.
背景:2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)对人们生活实施的常规产生了几个后果。儿童也卷入了这场危机。在儿童口腔健康方面，牙科工作者也减少了工作量，推迟了治疗。因此，本综述旨在评估相关文献，探讨COVID-19对儿童牙科和儿童口腔健康状况的影响。方法:使用以下关键词进行电子检索:“冠状病毒、COVID-19、儿童牙科保健、牙科保健服务、流行病和儿科牙科”。Web of Science、PubMed、MEDLINE、EMBASE、Cochran Library、Scopus、Google Scholar和Google数据库从COVID-19大流行出现之初开始进行检索。经过初步检索，检索到156篇文章，最终减少到13篇。两位审稿人独立进行了文章的筛选和选择。结果:根据纳入我们研究的科学文章(n = 13)，儿童牙科在疫情期间受到严重影响。一些因素包括隔离、专业工作量减少、家庭对COVID-19的恐惧、儿童携带病毒的可能性、成人陪同儿童前往诊所，以及儿童无法容忍在大流行期间执行严格的个人防护方案和改变饮食习惯。此外，牙科专业人员可以通过遵守指导方针来防止COVID-19的进一步传播，包括进行初级分类，保持办公室不过度拥挤，定期消毒和远程教育。结论:决策者必须为弱势儿童群体找到生物安全解决方案。电信和远程教育是促进这一时期口腔健康的解决方案。
{"title":"The Impacts of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Pediatric Dentistry Services and Oral Health Status of the Pediatric Population: A Narrative Review","authors":"Nahid Ramazani, Saeede Ebrahimiyan Baghan","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-134106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-134106","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The routine implemented by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on people’s lives has had several consequences. Children have also been involved in this crisis. Concerning pediatric oral health, dental workers also reduced working load and postponed treatments. Therefore, the present review aimed to assess related articles and discuss the impacts of COVID-19 on pediatric dentistry and pediatric oral health status. Methods: Electronic search was performed using the following keywords: “Coronavirus, COVID-19, Dental Care for Children, Dental Health Services, Pandemics, and Pediatric Dentistry.” Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochran Library, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Google databases were searched from the beginning of the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. After a preliminary search, 156 articles were retrieved, finally reduced to 13. Both reviewers carried out screening and selection of articles independently. Results: Based on the scientific articles (n = 13) included in our study, pediatric dentistry was severely impacted during the outbreak. Some factors included quarantine, reduced professional workload, fear of COVID-19 in families, the possibility of carrying the virus by children, accompanying children to the clinic by adults, and the impossibility of tolerance by the children to perform strict personal protective protocols and altered intake habits during the pandemic. Moreover, dental professionals can prevent the further spread of COVID-19 by adhering to guidelines, including conducting primary triage, keeping the office not overcrowded, regular disinfection, and distance education. Conclusions: Policymakers must find a biosafety solution for vulnerable pediatric populations. Telecommunications and distance education are the solutions for promoting oral health during this period.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Students' excessive and inappropriate use of the internet and related technologies is a severe problem in Iranian society. Extensive evidence demonstrates that parenting styles and bullying increase the risk of internet addiction in teenagers. However, more research is required to improve the existing knowledge about the impact of parenting styles and bullying on students' internet addiction. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate specific and common effects of parenting styles and bullying on female high-school students' internet addiction Methods: This was a descriptive-correlational study. The population comprised all female high-school students in Yasouj (Iran) in the academic year 2020-21, of whom 357 were selected by convenience sampling. The data collection instruments, distributed online, included Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire, Baumrind's Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire, and the Illinois Bully Scale. The data were analyzed by the analysis of variance based on structural equation modeling. Results: The explained variance (R2) of internet addiction for the specific effect of parenting style and bullying was 0.12 and 0.20, respectively. Moreover, the explained variance (R2) of internet addiction for the common effect of bullying and parenting style was 0.25. Conclusions: The results emphasize the importance of the specific and common effects of parenting styles and bullying on internet addiction. Therefore, programs should be developed to prevent internet addiction and other familial and social harms.
{"title":"Specific and Common Effects of Parenting Styles and Bullying on Internet Addiction","authors":"Kolsom Siavashnasab, Mohammadreza Firouzi, Ghader Zadehbagheri","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-135000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-135000","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Students' excessive and inappropriate use of the internet and related technologies is a severe problem in Iranian society. Extensive evidence demonstrates that parenting styles and bullying increase the risk of internet addiction in teenagers. However, more research is required to improve the existing knowledge about the impact of parenting styles and bullying on students' internet addiction. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate specific and common effects of parenting styles and bullying on female high-school students' internet addiction Methods: This was a descriptive-correlational study. The population comprised all female high-school students in Yasouj (Iran) in the academic year 2020-21, of whom 357 were selected by convenience sampling. The data collection instruments, distributed online, included Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire, Baumrind's Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire, and the Illinois Bully Scale. The data were analyzed by the analysis of variance based on structural equation modeling. Results: The explained variance (R2) of internet addiction for the specific effect of parenting style and bullying was 0.12 and 0.20, respectively. Moreover, the explained variance (R2) of internet addiction for the common effect of bullying and parenting style was 0.25. Conclusions: The results emphasize the importance of the specific and common effects of parenting styles and bullying on internet addiction. Therefore, programs should be developed to prevent internet addiction and other familial and social harms.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79215268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：