L. Farhad-Mollashahi, Z. Dalirsani, A. Nakhaee, Vahid Sahraie
Background: One known risk factor for oral cancer is chewing smokeless tobacco, which is common in southeastern Iran. Smokeless tobacco-related oral complications can be evaluated by assessing parameters of oxidative stress. Objectives: This study evaluated salivary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in paan users and compared them with nonusers. Patients and Methods: In this study, saliva was collected from 50 paan users and 50 nonusers referred to the Zahedan Dental School in Zahedan, Iran. Salivary MDA was assessed based on standard biochemical methods, and the data were analyzed using a t-test and analysis of variance. Results: In the paan users and the controls, the mean MDA was 2.19 ± 1.05 and 1.24 ± 0.62 (nmol/mL), respectively, and both groups showed significant differences (P < 0.001). The daily consumption and duration were significantly correlated with the MDA concentration, respectively (r = 0.722, P < 0.001), (r = 0.764, P < 0.001). Conclusions: In paan users, salivary MDA concentrations were higher. The concentration of salivary MDA increased with the consumption of paan in more significant quantities and for a more extended time.
背景:口腔癌的一个已知危险因素是咀嚼无烟烟草，这在伊朗东南部很常见。无烟烟草相关的口腔并发症可通过评估氧化应激参数来评估。目的:本研究评估paan使用者唾液丙二醛(MDA)水平，并将其与非使用者进行比较。患者和方法:在这项研究中，收集了来自伊朗扎黑丹扎黑丹牙科学校的50名paan使用者和50名非使用者的唾液。唾液MDA测定采用标准生化方法，数据采用t检验和方差分析。结果:paan使用者和对照组的MDA均值分别为2.19±1.05和1.24±0.62 (nmol/mL)，两组差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001)。日摄取量和持续时间与MDA浓度分别呈显著相关(r = 0.722, P < 0.001)和显著相关(r = 0.764, P < 0.001)。结论:paan使用者唾液丙二醛浓度较高。唾液丙二醛的浓度随着paan的摄入而增加，且增加的量更显著，持续的时间更长。
{"title":"Evaluation of Salivary Lipid Peroxidation in Paan Users","authors":"L. Farhad-Mollashahi, Z. Dalirsani, A. Nakhaee, Vahid Sahraie","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-123907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-123907","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One known risk factor for oral cancer is chewing smokeless tobacco, which is common in southeastern Iran. Smokeless tobacco-related oral complications can be evaluated by assessing parameters of oxidative stress. Objectives: This study evaluated salivary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in paan users and compared them with nonusers. Patients and Methods: In this study, saliva was collected from 50 paan users and 50 nonusers referred to the Zahedan Dental School in Zahedan, Iran. Salivary MDA was assessed based on standard biochemical methods, and the data were analyzed using a t-test and analysis of variance. Results: In the paan users and the controls, the mean MDA was 2.19 ± 1.05 and 1.24 ± 0.62 (nmol/mL), respectively, and both groups showed significant differences (P < 0.001). The daily consumption and duration were significantly correlated with the MDA concentration, respectively (r = 0.722, P < 0.001), (r = 0.764, P < 0.001). Conclusions: In paan users, salivary MDA concentrations were higher. The concentration of salivary MDA increased with the consumption of paan in more significant quantities and for a more extended time.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83680139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: The first 1000 days of life last from the beginning of pregnancy to the age of two, a unique step that shapes the basis for a person’s health over their lifetime. Numerous studies have indicated the relationship between one’s first 1000 days of life and the consequent adverse outcomes in adulthood. However, to the extent that we have reviewed it, not a single study has shown the relationship between various aspects of an individual’s first 1000 days of life and the probability of drug consumption in adult life. Hence, the primary purpose of this narrative review was to understand the role of the first 1000 days of life on vulnerability to drug abuse later in life. Methods: This article is a narrative review that has identified the role of the first 1000 days of life on susceptibility to substance abuse later in life. The articles were extracted from valid databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Embase. Results: Various significant research has pointed to the mother’s distress and anxiety during pregnancy through embryonic planning, influencing the planning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and epigenetic changes. The intestinal microbiota is a part of a complex link named the microbiota-gut-brain axis that can affect drug abuse through the variety and number of intestinal microbiota. On the other hand, a mother’s drug consumption during pregnancy can function as chronic stress by affecting the enteric nervous system (ENS), which activates the concurrent axis of HPA and dopamine pathways by changing the reward circuit and the subsequent increase in drug abuse. The results indicated that various factors, such as exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), parental separation, and attachment insecurity, increase the probability of drug abuse in adulthood. Nevertheless, the quality of nurturing care during the first 1000 days of life and the mother’s warm relationship with children may hinder the increase in addiction in society. Conclusions: The first 1000 days of one's life are a crucial and delicate stage. If these days are tainted with unpleasant events, the various mechanisms can reduce a person's resilience to drug abuse in later life. How the first 1000 days of an infant’s life and the quality of this period, such as prenatal stress, substance use during pregnancy, ACEs, maternal-infant bonding, maternal separation (MS), and intestinal microbiota, can affect drug abuse in the future. As a result, focusing on the first 1000 days of life is critical to adapting prevention strategies. Health policymakers can design suitable entries during pregnancy and early childhood to reduce the probability of drug abuse.
背景:生命的最初1000天从怀孕开始一直持续到两岁，这是一个独特的步骤，决定了一个人一生健康的基础。许多研究表明，一个人出生后的前1000天与成年后的不良后果之间存在关系。然而，就我们所回顾的范围而言，没有一项研究表明个人生命最初1000天的各个方面与成年后吸毒的可能性之间存在关系。因此，这次叙述性审查的主要目的是了解生命的头1000天对今后易受药物滥用的影响。方法:这篇文章是一篇叙述性的综述，它确定了生命的前1000天对以后生活中药物滥用的易感性的作用。这些文章是从有效的数据库中提取的，包括PubMed、Scopus、Science Direct、Web of Science和Embase。结果:多项有意义的研究指出，母亲在怀孕期间的痛苦和焦虑通过胚胎计划，影响下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的计划和表观遗传变化。肠道微生物群是微生物-肠-脑轴复杂联系的一部分，它可以通过肠道微生物群的种类和数量影响药物滥用。另一方面，母亲在怀孕期间的药物消耗可以通过影响肠神经系统(ENS)而发挥慢性压力的作用，通过改变奖励回路和随后的药物滥用增加来激活HPA和多巴胺通路的并发轴。结果表明，童年不良经历、父母分离、依恋不安全感等因素增加了青少年成年期药物滥用的可能性。然而，生命最初1000天的养育护理质量以及母亲与儿童的温暖关系可能会阻碍社会成瘾的增加。结论:生命的前1000天是一个关键而微妙的阶段。如果这些日子被不愉快的事件所污染，各种机制会降低一个人在以后的生活中对药物滥用的适应能力。婴儿生命的前1000天以及这一时期的质量，如产前压力、怀孕期间的药物使用、ace、母婴关系、母亲分离(MS)和肠道微生物群，如何影响未来的药物滥用。因此，关注生命最初1000天对于调整预防战略至关重要。卫生政策制定者可以在怀孕和幼儿期设计合适的条目，以减少药物滥用的可能性。
{"title":"The First 1000 Days of Life and the Risk of Future Drug Consumption","authors":"S. Mirzaei, N. Oroomiei, N. Nakhaee","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-123294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-123294","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The first 1000 days of life last from the beginning of pregnancy to the age of two, a unique step that shapes the basis for a person’s health over their lifetime. Numerous studies have indicated the relationship between one’s first 1000 days of life and the consequent adverse outcomes in adulthood. However, to the extent that we have reviewed it, not a single study has shown the relationship between various aspects of an individual’s first 1000 days of life and the probability of drug consumption in adult life. Hence, the primary purpose of this narrative review was to understand the role of the first 1000 days of life on vulnerability to drug abuse later in life. Methods: This article is a narrative review that has identified the role of the first 1000 days of life on susceptibility to substance abuse later in life. The articles were extracted from valid databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Embase. Results: Various significant research has pointed to the mother’s distress and anxiety during pregnancy through embryonic planning, influencing the planning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and epigenetic changes. The intestinal microbiota is a part of a complex link named the microbiota-gut-brain axis that can affect drug abuse through the variety and number of intestinal microbiota. On the other hand, a mother’s drug consumption during pregnancy can function as chronic stress by affecting the enteric nervous system (ENS), which activates the concurrent axis of HPA and dopamine pathways by changing the reward circuit and the subsequent increase in drug abuse. The results indicated that various factors, such as exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), parental separation, and attachment insecurity, increase the probability of drug abuse in adulthood. Nevertheless, the quality of nurturing care during the first 1000 days of life and the mother’s warm relationship with children may hinder the increase in addiction in society. Conclusions: The first 1000 days of one's life are a crucial and delicate stage. If these days are tainted with unpleasant events, the various mechanisms can reduce a person's resilience to drug abuse in later life. How the first 1000 days of an infant’s life and the quality of this period, such as prenatal stress, substance use during pregnancy, ACEs, maternal-infant bonding, maternal separation (MS), and intestinal microbiota, can affect drug abuse in the future. As a result, focusing on the first 1000 days of life is critical to adapting prevention strategies. Health policymakers can design suitable entries during pregnancy and early childhood to reduce the probability of drug abuse.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89833907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Shahsavari, Siavash Azizi Mazreah, Azadeh Shoghi, Razieh Gheysari
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity with a highly aggressive nature. Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a low-grade SCC with mild clinical and pathological characteristics. Extracellular matrix degradation (ECM) by several proteolytic enzymes, especially matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), is an important factor in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression level of immunohistochemistry of MMPs 2 and 9 in SCC and VC of oral cavity. Methods: The present study was conducted on the data of 20 SCC and 18 VC samples obtained from the pathology department archives. Microscopic examination was performed after immunohistochemical staining of the samples for MMP-2 and MMP-9. Data analysis was performed in SPSS 20 software. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare variables between groups. Results: All SCC and VC samples were positive for MMP-2 and MMP-9. The mean expression level of MMP-9 was 24.41 ± 20.68 in VC and 48.27 ± 12.11 in SCC. The mean expression level of MMP-9 in SCC was higher than VC. In addition, the expression level of MMP-9 varied in different histopathological grades of SCC. Matrix metalloproteinase expression levels were different in SCC grades and was especially higher in grade III. The mean expression level of MMP-2 in VC was 35.28 ± 30.63 and in SCC was 23.50 ± 12.68. The mean expression level of MMP-2 in VC was higher than SCC. Conclusions: Our findings showed that the expression levels of MMPs 2 and 9 in SCC and VC are higher than healthy tissue.
{"title":"Evaluation of Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Verrucous Carcinoma","authors":"M. Shahsavari, Siavash Azizi Mazreah, Azadeh Shoghi, Razieh Gheysari","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-109491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-109491","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity with a highly aggressive nature. Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a low-grade SCC with mild clinical and pathological characteristics. Extracellular matrix degradation (ECM) by several proteolytic enzymes, especially matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), is an important factor in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression level of immunohistochemistry of MMPs 2 and 9 in SCC and VC of oral cavity. Methods: The present study was conducted on the data of 20 SCC and 18 VC samples obtained from the pathology department archives. Microscopic examination was performed after immunohistochemical staining of the samples for MMP-2 and MMP-9. Data analysis was performed in SPSS 20 software. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare variables between groups. Results: All SCC and VC samples were positive for MMP-2 and MMP-9. The mean expression level of MMP-9 was 24.41 ± 20.68 in VC and 48.27 ± 12.11 in SCC. The mean expression level of MMP-9 in SCC was higher than VC. In addition, the expression level of MMP-9 varied in different histopathological grades of SCC. Matrix metalloproteinase expression levels were different in SCC grades and was especially higher in grade III. The mean expression level of MMP-2 in VC was 35.28 ± 30.63 and in SCC was 23.50 ± 12.68. The mean expression level of MMP-2 in VC was higher than SCC. Conclusions: Our findings showed that the expression levels of MMPs 2 and 9 in SCC and VC are higher than healthy tissue.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74804666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Bakhshani, Z. Karimi, A. Mojahed, Mohammad Javad Lavvaf Arani, Erfan Ayubi Amirabad
Background: Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is an evidence-based effective treatment for drug addiction. Psychological problems are common among drug users. However, a few studies have investigated the role of psychological factors, including depression, anxiety, and childhood trauma, on sexual dysfunction in MMT patients. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and the role of psychological factors, including anxiety, depression, and childhood trauma, on the sexual function of patients on MMT. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 MMT patients were selected by convenience sampling among patients referring to Baharan Psychiatric Hospital, Zahedan, Iran. All participants completed self-report questionnaires, including the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15). Statistical analysis was done with Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise linear regression models determined the predictors of sexual function. Results: Seventeen percent of participants reported various degrees of sexual dysfunction. Child sexual abuse and depression were significant predictors of sexual dysfunction. The regression analysis showed that 12% of the variance of sexual dysfunction (R2 = 0.12; F = 6.61; P < 0.002) was predicted by an experience of childhood sexual abuse and depression. Conclusions: People on MMT suffer from psychological problems as the risk factors for sexual dysfunction. Thus, mental health care staff should consider psychological factors to prevent and treat sexual dysfunction.
{"title":"Psychological Factors Associated With Sexual Dysfunction in Men on Methadone Maintenance Treatment","authors":"N. Bakhshani, Z. Karimi, A. Mojahed, Mohammad Javad Lavvaf Arani, Erfan Ayubi Amirabad","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-118838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-118838","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is an evidence-based effective treatment for drug addiction. Psychological problems are common among drug users. However, a few studies have investigated the role of psychological factors, including depression, anxiety, and childhood trauma, on sexual dysfunction in MMT patients. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and the role of psychological factors, including anxiety, depression, and childhood trauma, on the sexual function of patients on MMT. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 MMT patients were selected by convenience sampling among patients referring to Baharan Psychiatric Hospital, Zahedan, Iran. All participants completed self-report questionnaires, including the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15). Statistical analysis was done with Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise linear regression models determined the predictors of sexual function. Results: Seventeen percent of participants reported various degrees of sexual dysfunction. Child sexual abuse and depression were significant predictors of sexual dysfunction. The regression analysis showed that 12% of the variance of sexual dysfunction (R2 = 0.12; F = 6.61; P < 0.002) was predicted by an experience of childhood sexual abuse and depression. Conclusions: People on MMT suffer from psychological problems as the risk factors for sexual dysfunction. Thus, mental health care staff should consider psychological factors to prevent and treat sexual dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82564252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Jadgal, M. Zareipour, Ehsan Movahed, I. Zareban
Background: Pregnancy can affect the prevalence of domestic violence during this period for various reasons, such as decreased sexual intercourse, misconceptions, and abnormal feelings about pregnancy. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the severity and frequency of domestic violence among pregnant women in Chabahar. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in a random cluster sample of 400 pregnant women referred to health centers in Chabahar, southeast Iran. The Dispute Resolution Measures Questionnaire collected the data. Data were entered into the computer using SPSS version 16 software and analyzed by descriptive and analytical tests. Results: Overall, 3.5% of women experienced very mild violence, 13.5% mild violence, and 83% moderate violence during pregnancy by their husbands. There was a significant relationship between total violence and pregnant women's and husbands' education (P < 0.05). Also, elementary literacy of pregnant women (OR = 4.7, P = 0.001) and husbands (OR = 6.2, P = 0.001) increased the likelihood of domestic violence among pregnant women. Conclusions: Due to the relatively high rate of moderate domestic violence, health promotion interventions, such as educating men about various dimensions of violence and its negative impact on the family, creating a culture to strengthen the status and human values of women, and holding training sessions for married men, can help reduce violence during pregnancy.
背景:由于各种原因，怀孕可能影响这一时期家庭暴力的发生率，如性交减少、误解和对怀孕的不正常感觉。目的:本研究旨在确定恰巴哈尔孕妇家庭暴力的严重程度和频率。方法:这项横断面研究是在伊朗东南部恰巴哈尔的健康中心进行的400名孕妇随机聚类样本。争议解决措施问卷收集数据。使用SPSS 16版软件将数据输入计算机，并通过描述性和分析性检验进行分析。结果:总体而言，3.5%的妇女在怀孕期间遭受丈夫的非常轻微的暴力，13.5%的妇女遭受轻度暴力，83%的妇女遭受中度暴力。总暴力与孕妇和丈夫的受教育程度有显著相关(P < 0.05)。此外，孕妇(OR = 4.7, P = 0.001)和丈夫(OR = 6.2, P = 0.001)的基本文化水平增加了孕妇发生家庭暴力的可能性。结论:由于中等家庭暴力的发生率相对较高，促进健康的干预措施，如教育男子了解暴力的各个方面及其对家庭的负面影响，创造一种加强妇女地位和人类价值的文化，以及为已婚男子举办培训课程，可以帮助减少怀孕期间的暴力。
{"title":"Prevalence of Domestic Violence Among Pregnant Women in Chabahar","authors":"M. Jadgal, M. Zareipour, Ehsan Movahed, I. Zareban","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-120410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-120410","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pregnancy can affect the prevalence of domestic violence during this period for various reasons, such as decreased sexual intercourse, misconceptions, and abnormal feelings about pregnancy. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the severity and frequency of domestic violence among pregnant women in Chabahar. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in a random cluster sample of 400 pregnant women referred to health centers in Chabahar, southeast Iran. The Dispute Resolution Measures Questionnaire collected the data. Data were entered into the computer using SPSS version 16 software and analyzed by descriptive and analytical tests. Results: Overall, 3.5% of women experienced very mild violence, 13.5% mild violence, and 83% moderate violence during pregnancy by their husbands. There was a significant relationship between total violence and pregnant women's and husbands' education (P < 0.05). Also, elementary literacy of pregnant women (OR = 4.7, P = 0.001) and husbands (OR = 6.2, P = 0.001) increased the likelihood of domestic violence among pregnant women. Conclusions: Due to the relatively high rate of moderate domestic violence, health promotion interventions, such as educating men about various dimensions of violence and its negative impact on the family, creating a culture to strengthen the status and human values of women, and holding training sessions for married men, can help reduce violence during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79581061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Compulsive behaviors, loss of control, and social and occupational dysfunctions are complications of methamphetamine dependence. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of perphenazine on control of craving and relapse in methamphetamine users. Methods: This double-blind randomized controlled trial was performed in 2017 - 2018 in Isfahan, Iran. The samples included 40 methamphetamine-dependent subjects referred to drug rehab centers in Isfahan. While the intervention group received perphenazine for eight weeks, the control group received placebo tablets. Also, both groups were followed up for four months. Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQ-Brief) was filled for each patient before and after the intervention. Results: CCQ-Brief scores were significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.0001). The changes in CCQ-Brief scores were also significant among both groups. Conclusions: Adding perphenazine to the matrix program in the treatment of methamphetamine use disorder showed significant effect on the reduction of the craving to methamphetamine.
{"title":"The Effect of Perphenazine Add-On Therapy to Matrix Intervention on Control of Craving and Relapse in Methamphetamine Users: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Valli Alla Nasr, M. Salehi, G. Kheirabadi","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-115760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-115760","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Compulsive behaviors, loss of control, and social and occupational dysfunctions are complications of methamphetamine dependence. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of perphenazine on control of craving and relapse in methamphetamine users. Methods: This double-blind randomized controlled trial was performed in 2017 - 2018 in Isfahan, Iran. The samples included 40 methamphetamine-dependent subjects referred to drug rehab centers in Isfahan. While the intervention group received perphenazine for eight weeks, the control group received placebo tablets. Also, both groups were followed up for four months. Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQ-Brief) was filled for each patient before and after the intervention. Results: CCQ-Brief scores were significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.0001). The changes in CCQ-Brief scores were also significant among both groups. Conclusions: Adding perphenazine to the matrix program in the treatment of methamphetamine use disorder showed significant effect on the reduction of the craving to methamphetamine.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91102305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Joulaei, Faranak Fathi, T. Rakhshani, M. Nazari, Z. Hosseinkhani, M. Fatemi, Z. Foroozanfar
Background: Adolescence is one of the most important and challenging stages in life. psychological, cognitive and emotional changes during this period can expose adolescents to high risk behaviors. Objectives: The current study examined the effectiveness of resilience training on emotional intelligence (EI) and assessed gender differences in this regard among adolescents living in the outskirts of Shiraz, Iran. Methods: This pre-post study included 191 students and used an intervention consisting of nine resilience-training sessions. The evaluated outcomes were EI and its 15 components. The paired-samples and independent-samples t-tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Out of 191 students, 88 (46.1%) were boys. Before and after the intervention, the mean EI score for boys was 312.52 ± 37.79 and 327.31 ± 37.75, while for girls, it was 310.74 ± 30.05 and 312.20 ± 29.51, respectively. Following the intervention, the scores of boys in problem-solving (P = 0.007), happiness (P = 0.001), emotional self-awareness (P = 0.044), optimism (P = 0.029), self-regard (P = 0.046), impulse control (P = 0.013), and social responsibility (P = 0.042), as well as the total score of EI (P = 0.005), increased significantly. However, only the optimism score (P = 0.004) rose significantly in girls post-intervention. In addition, there were significant differences in the mean of problem-solving (P = 0.006), happiness (P = 0.001), impulse control (P = 0.042), and the total score (P = 0.035) between boys and girls, before and after the intervention. Conclusions: Resilience training may help moderate high-risk behaviors among adolescents living on the outskirts of Iran’s major cities, particularly boys. Based on the gender differences in EI components, it was suggested that female adolescents required significantly more attention. Nonetheless, gender differences in EI components were contentious, and it was concluded that a variety of factors, including the socio-cultural context, may be involved.
{"title":"Gender Differences in the Effect of Resilience Training on Emotional Intelligence in At-Risk Students in Shiraz, Iran","authors":"H. Joulaei, Faranak Fathi, T. Rakhshani, M. Nazari, Z. Hosseinkhani, M. Fatemi, Z. Foroozanfar","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-121942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-121942","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescence is one of the most important and challenging stages in life. psychological, cognitive and emotional changes during this period can expose adolescents to high risk behaviors. Objectives: The current study examined the effectiveness of resilience training on emotional intelligence (EI) and assessed gender differences in this regard among adolescents living in the outskirts of Shiraz, Iran. Methods: This pre-post study included 191 students and used an intervention consisting of nine resilience-training sessions. The evaluated outcomes were EI and its 15 components. The paired-samples and independent-samples t-tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Out of 191 students, 88 (46.1%) were boys. Before and after the intervention, the mean EI score for boys was 312.52 ± 37.79 and 327.31 ± 37.75, while for girls, it was 310.74 ± 30.05 and 312.20 ± 29.51, respectively. Following the intervention, the scores of boys in problem-solving (P = 0.007), happiness (P = 0.001), emotional self-awareness (P = 0.044), optimism (P = 0.029), self-regard (P = 0.046), impulse control (P = 0.013), and social responsibility (P = 0.042), as well as the total score of EI (P = 0.005), increased significantly. However, only the optimism score (P = 0.004) rose significantly in girls post-intervention. In addition, there were significant differences in the mean of problem-solving (P = 0.006), happiness (P = 0.001), impulse control (P = 0.042), and the total score (P = 0.035) between boys and girls, before and after the intervention. Conclusions: Resilience training may help moderate high-risk behaviors among adolescents living on the outskirts of Iran’s major cities, particularly boys. Based on the gender differences in EI components, it was suggested that female adolescents required significantly more attention. Nonetheless, gender differences in EI components were contentious, and it was concluded that a variety of factors, including the socio-cultural context, may be involved.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80271598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Noori, T. Boryri, Alireza Teimouri, Sahar Safapour
Background: Pediatric poisoning is a serious issue worldwide and a common cause of children's morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This work aimed to study pediatric poisonings due to chemical substances and their related factors. Methods: A seven-year retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on the poisoning of children equal to or less than 18 years of age who presented to the emergency ward in 2014. The analyzed data included demographics and socioeconomic features, mode and route of poisoning, causative poisonous substances, clinical presentation, and patients' outcomes. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20, considering 0.05 as a significant error when statistical tests were used. Results: Among poisoned children, boys were more in total, as well in all age groups except > 10 years. Age (X2 = 22.494, P = 0.013), intentionally (X2 = 32.176, P < 0.001) had a significant association with chemical substances. Among the demographic and socioeconomic features, none was associated with the type of chemical substances except age. Among the symptoms, all were associated with chemical poisoning substances except seizures. Of 114 with RDS, about 30.7% were poisoned by kerosene. Of 63 with low BP, 66.7%, 31.7%, and 1.6% were due to medicines, bites, and detergents, respectively, and from six children with high BP, all were due to toxins. Of 79 with low consciousness, 69.6% were due to medicines. Seventy children had fever, of which 55.7% were due to bites. Thirty-two had seizures that 46.9% and 18.8% were due to medicines and kerosene. Ninety-seven had vomiting and nausea, of which 32% and 30.9% were due to medicines and kerosene, respectively. Finally, 159 had low SPO2, of which 47.8%, 13.8%, and 20.1% were due to medicines, toxins, and kerosene, respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded that in poisoned children, boys were more but girls in self-poisoning, especially at older ages. Girls were poisoned more by medicinal and kerosene substances, but boys by bites, toxins, and detergents. All the poisoning symptoms were observed in medicinal substances and bites. Poisoning by kerosene more occurred in the cold months, and detergents and bite poisoning were more frequent in summer. There is a need for further, longer prospective studies to lead to preventing measures.
背景:儿童中毒是世界范围内的一个严重问题，是儿童发病和死亡的常见原因。目的:研究小儿化学物质中毒及其相关因素。方法:对2014年急诊病房收治的18岁及以下儿童中毒病例进行为期7年的回顾性横断面研究。分析的数据包括人口统计学和社会经济特征、中毒方式和途径、致病有毒物质、临床表现和患者结局。收集的数据使用SPSS 20进行分析，采用统计学检验时以0.05为显著误差。结果:中毒儿童中以男孩为主，除> 10岁外各年龄组均以男孩为主。年龄(X2 = 22.494, P = 0.013)、故意(X2 = 32.176, P < 0.001)与化学物质有显著相关性。在人口统计学和社会经济特征中，除年龄外，与化学物质的类型无关。在这些症状中，除癫痫发作外，所有症状都与化学物质中毒有关。114例RDS患者中，约30.7%为煤油中毒。63例低血压患儿中，药物、咬伤和洗洁剂分别占66.7%、31.7%和1.6%，6例高血压患儿中，均为毒素所致。79例意识低下患者中，69.6%为药物所致。70名儿童出现发烧，其中55.7%为咬伤所致。32例因药物和煤油而癫痫发作，分别占46.9%和18.8%。97例出现呕吐和恶心，其中药物和煤油分别占32%和30.9%。159例SPO2偏低，其中药物、毒素、煤油分别占47.8%、13.8%和20.1%。结论:在中毒儿童中，自我中毒以男孩多于女孩，且年龄较大。女孩更多的是被药物和煤油物质毒死，而男孩则是被咬伤、毒素和洗涤剂毒死。所有中毒症状均出现在药物和咬伤中。煤油中毒多发生在寒冷月份，洗涤剂和咬伤中毒多发于夏季。有必要进行更深入、更长期的前瞻性研究，以制定预防措施。
{"title":"Pediatric Poisonings Due to Chemical Substances and Related Factors","authors":"N. Noori, T. Boryri, Alireza Teimouri, Sahar Safapour","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba-119930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba-119930","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pediatric poisoning is a serious issue worldwide and a common cause of children's morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This work aimed to study pediatric poisonings due to chemical substances and their related factors. Methods: A seven-year retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on the poisoning of children equal to or less than 18 years of age who presented to the emergency ward in 2014. The analyzed data included demographics and socioeconomic features, mode and route of poisoning, causative poisonous substances, clinical presentation, and patients' outcomes. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20, considering 0.05 as a significant error when statistical tests were used. Results: Among poisoned children, boys were more in total, as well in all age groups except > 10 years. Age (X2 = 22.494, P = 0.013), intentionally (X2 = 32.176, P < 0.001) had a significant association with chemical substances. Among the demographic and socioeconomic features, none was associated with the type of chemical substances except age. Among the symptoms, all were associated with chemical poisoning substances except seizures. Of 114 with RDS, about 30.7% were poisoned by kerosene. Of 63 with low BP, 66.7%, 31.7%, and 1.6% were due to medicines, bites, and detergents, respectively, and from six children with high BP, all were due to toxins. Of 79 with low consciousness, 69.6% were due to medicines. Seventy children had fever, of which 55.7% were due to bites. Thirty-two had seizures that 46.9% and 18.8% were due to medicines and kerosene. Ninety-seven had vomiting and nausea, of which 32% and 30.9% were due to medicines and kerosene, respectively. Finally, 159 had low SPO2, of which 47.8%, 13.8%, and 20.1% were due to medicines, toxins, and kerosene, respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded that in poisoned children, boys were more but girls in self-poisoning, especially at older ages. Girls were poisoned more by medicinal and kerosene substances, but boys by bites, toxins, and detergents. All the poisoning symptoms were observed in medicinal substances and bites. Poisoning by kerosene more occurred in the cold months, and detergents and bite poisoning were more frequent in summer. There is a need for further, longer prospective studies to lead to preventing measures.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89829950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rezvaneh Asadi Asadabad, Saeed Imani, J. Fathabadi, A. Noroozi, J. Alizadehgoradel
Background: Shame and self-criticism are two variables that refer to negative self-assessment. Such negative self-assessments cause unpleasant emotions, which are among the known factors involved in drug abuse and relapse. Objectives: This study aimed to compare mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) group therapy and treatment as usual (TAU) in terms of their effect on shame and self-criticism in individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). Patients and Methods: The current quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design was conducted on 36 patients who met the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) criteria for OUD. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups. One group received a combination of MBRP group therapy and TAU, and the other group was treated only by TAU. The participants filled out the Other as Shamer Scale and the Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale in the pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages. The data were statistically analyzed using a mixed-design analysis of variance. Results: Our results indicated that the mean score of shame significantly decreased in the follow-up compared to pretest and posttest. Moreover, the combination of MBRP group therapy and TAU was significantly more effective than TAU alone. The posttest and follow-up mean scores of the participants who received a combination of MBRP group therapy and TAU were significantly lower than those treated only with TAU. Conclusions: The study results showed that MBRP could be considered an effective therapeutic approach for reducing shame and self-criticism in individuals with OUD.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Relapse Prevention Group Therapy and Treatment as Usual on Shame and Self-criticism in Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder: A Comparative Investigation","authors":"Rezvaneh Asadi Asadabad, Saeed Imani, J. Fathabadi, A. Noroozi, J. Alizadehgoradel","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba.117042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.117042","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Shame and self-criticism are two variables that refer to negative self-assessment. Such negative self-assessments cause unpleasant emotions, which are among the known factors involved in drug abuse and relapse. Objectives: This study aimed to compare mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) group therapy and treatment as usual (TAU) in terms of their effect on shame and self-criticism in individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). Patients and Methods: The current quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design was conducted on 36 patients who met the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) criteria for OUD. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups. One group received a combination of MBRP group therapy and TAU, and the other group was treated only by TAU. The participants filled out the Other as Shamer Scale and the Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale in the pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages. The data were statistically analyzed using a mixed-design analysis of variance. Results: Our results indicated that the mean score of shame significantly decreased in the follow-up compared to pretest and posttest. Moreover, the combination of MBRP group therapy and TAU was significantly more effective than TAU alone. The posttest and follow-up mean scores of the participants who received a combination of MBRP group therapy and TAU were significantly lower than those treated only with TAU. Conclusions: The study results showed that MBRP could be considered an effective therapeutic approach for reducing shame and self-criticism in individuals with OUD.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84846075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afsaneh Tavassoli, Maliheh Abedi, Sara Modares Gharejedaghi
Background: Tobacco-related health literacy is a skill for pregnant women that leads to a correct understanding of the information needed to maintain the health of the fetuses and themselves against tobacco smoke. Cultural capital is also associated with the capacity and ability to acquire skills. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate pregnant women's cultural capital and tobacco-related health literacy and the relationship with fetal smoke exposure. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited a sample of 500 pregnant women referred to hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The data were gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire. Results: Tobacco-related health literacy was 60.8% more common at the high level. The cultural capital of pregnant women was 81.4% higher in the medium level. Logistic regression showed that cultural capital (OR = 0.47 and B = -0.737) and tobacco-related health literacy (OR = 0.77 and B = -0.0257) reversely affected the fetal tobacco smoke exposure (P < 0.05). As women's tobacco-related health literacy and cultural capital increased, the rate of fetal smoke exposure decreased. Conclusions: According to the results, as pregnant women’s health literacy concerning tobacco smoke and their cultural capital increased, the tobacco smoke exposure of pregnant women and their fetuses decreased.
背景:与烟草有关的健康素养是孕妇的一项技能，可使其正确理解维护胎儿和自身健康免受烟草烟雾危害所需的信息。文化资本还与获得技能的能力和能力有关。目的:本研究旨在探讨孕妇文化资本与烟草相关健康素养及其与胎儿吸烟暴露的关系。方法:本横断面研究招募了500名孕妇样本，转介到德黑兰医学大学附属医院。数据是通过研究人员制作的问卷收集的。结果:高水平人群吸烟相关健康素养高60.8%。孕妇文化资本在中等水平上高出81.4%。Logistic回归结果显示，文化资本(OR = 0.47, B = -0.737)和烟草相关健康素养(OR = 0.77, B = -0.0257)对胎儿烟草烟雾暴露有负相关影响(P < 0.05)。随着妇女与烟草有关的健康知识和文化资本的增加，胎儿接触烟雾的比率下降。结论:结果表明，随着孕妇吸烟健康素养和文化资本的提高，孕妇及其胎儿的烟草烟雾暴露减少。
{"title":"Cultural Capital and Tobacco-related Health Literacy in Pregnant Women and the Relationship with Fetal Smoke Exposure","authors":"Afsaneh Tavassoli, Maliheh Abedi, Sara Modares Gharejedaghi","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba.118294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.118294","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tobacco-related health literacy is a skill for pregnant women that leads to a correct understanding of the information needed to maintain the health of the fetuses and themselves against tobacco smoke. Cultural capital is also associated with the capacity and ability to acquire skills. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate pregnant women's cultural capital and tobacco-related health literacy and the relationship with fetal smoke exposure. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited a sample of 500 pregnant women referred to hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The data were gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire. Results: Tobacco-related health literacy was 60.8% more common at the high level. The cultural capital of pregnant women was 81.4% higher in the medium level. Logistic regression showed that cultural capital (OR = 0.47 and B = -0.737) and tobacco-related health literacy (OR = 0.77 and B = -0.0257) reversely affected the fetal tobacco smoke exposure (P < 0.05). As women's tobacco-related health literacy and cultural capital increased, the rate of fetal smoke exposure decreased. Conclusions: According to the results, as pregnant women’s health literacy concerning tobacco smoke and their cultural capital increased, the tobacco smoke exposure of pregnant women and their fetuses decreased.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84635067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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