A. Kiani, Shokoufeh Ramezani, E. Ghorbani, Zahra Gorji, Pezhman Honarmand
Background: Suicide is an important concern with regard to mental health and needs more attention in Iran. Objectives: This study aimed to compare depression, exposure to suicide, self-injury, defeat, and entrapment, and adverse childhood experiences in suicide attempters and normal people. Materials and Methods: The current research method was descriptive in the form of ex post facto research. The research community included two groups of (1) suicide attempters, and (2) normal students. Research measures included the Patient Health Questionnaire-2, exposure to suicidal behavior, non-suicidal self-injury, short defeat and entrapment scale, adverse childhood experiences questionnaire, and future self-injury. The data were analyzed using t-test. Results: The results showed a significant difference between groups on the mean values of depression (2.27 for the non-suicidal group vs. 3.87 for the suicidal group), adverse childhood experiences (5.82 vs. 0.95), exposure to the attempted suicide (0.28 vs. 0.50), self-injury behavior (0.36 vs. 2.13), and future self-injury likelihood (0.56 vs. 2.13). The most significant differences belonged to the defeat and entrapment variable and adverse childhood experiences (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Thus, defeat and depression play an important role in predicting suicide, so we should intervene in these two states of mind.
{"title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences, Depression, Exposure to Suicide, Self-injury, Defeat, and Entrapment among Suicide Attempters and Non-suicidal People","authors":"A. Kiani, Shokoufeh Ramezani, E. Ghorbani, Zahra Gorji, Pezhman Honarmand","doi":"10.5812/IJHRBA.105622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/IJHRBA.105622","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Suicide is an important concern with regard to mental health and needs more attention in Iran. Objectives: This study aimed to compare depression, exposure to suicide, self-injury, defeat, and entrapment, and adverse childhood experiences in suicide attempters and normal people. Materials and Methods: The current research method was descriptive in the form of ex post facto research. The research community included two groups of (1) suicide attempters, and (2) normal students. Research measures included the Patient Health Questionnaire-2, exposure to suicidal behavior, non-suicidal self-injury, short defeat and entrapment scale, adverse childhood experiences questionnaire, and future self-injury. The data were analyzed using t-test. Results: The results showed a significant difference between groups on the mean values of depression (2.27 for the non-suicidal group vs. 3.87 for the suicidal group), adverse childhood experiences (5.82 vs. 0.95), exposure to the attempted suicide (0.28 vs. 0.50), self-injury behavior (0.36 vs. 2.13), and future self-injury likelihood (0.56 vs. 2.13). The most significant differences belonged to the defeat and entrapment variable and adverse childhood experiences (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Thus, defeat and depression play an important role in predicting suicide, so we should intervene in these two states of mind.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85912037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Substance abuse and addiction are serious problems all around the world. Increased substance use tendency in adolescents has attracted the researchers' and therapists' attention. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of family-based treatment on craving in girl students with substance abuse. Patients and Methods: In this multiple baseline experimental single case study, four families and their girl adolescents who were engaged in substance abuse were selected using the purposive sampling technique. family-based treatment (FBT) was performed in three phases of baseline, intervention, and follow-up. Data were collected using the Craving Beliefs Questionnaire (CBQ). The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics methods. Results: This study demonstrated that FBT could significantly decrease the craving, 40.08% improvements. Conclusions: FBT can be considered as an effective strategy for changing the dysfunctional cycle of the family system and decreasing substance use tendency in adolescents.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Family-Based Treatment on Craving in Girl Students with Substance Abuse","authors":"Zabihollah Abbaspour, Z. Ghanbari","doi":"10.5812/IJHRBA.103848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/IJHRBA.103848","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Substance abuse and addiction are serious problems all around the world. Increased substance use tendency in adolescents has attracted the researchers' and therapists' attention. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of family-based treatment on craving in girl students with substance abuse. Patients and Methods: In this multiple baseline experimental single case study, four families and their girl adolescents who were engaged in substance abuse were selected using the purposive sampling technique. family-based treatment (FBT) was performed in three phases of baseline, intervention, and follow-up. Data were collected using the Craving Beliefs Questionnaire (CBQ). The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics methods. Results: This study demonstrated that FBT could significantly decrease the craving, 40.08% improvements. Conclusions: FBT can be considered as an effective strategy for changing the dysfunctional cycle of the family system and decreasing substance use tendency in adolescents.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75756658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Mindfulness-based substance abuse treatment and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been proposed as a potential approach to improve negative emotions and reduce craving in persons with substance use disorders. Recent studies suggest that tDCS may enhance psychological interventions. Objectives: The current study, hence, investigated the effects of combined tDCS with mindfulness-based substance abuse treatment (MBSAT) to improve negative emotions and reduce craving in adolescents with methamphetamine dependence. Patients and Methods: Eighty early-abstinent methamphetamine users aged between 18 and 21 were randomly assigned to the research groups (tDCS group (n = 20), mindfulness group (n = 20), combined mindfulness-tDCS group (n = 20), and sham group (n = 20). Active tDCS (intensity of 1.5 mA, with 20 min duration) or sham tDCS (intensity of 0.0 mA, with 20 min duration) was used over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the MBSAT protocol was used over twelve 50-min sessions. Results: Negative emotions significantly improved in the combination group receiving real tDCS + MBSAT (PIN-CODES), as compared to baseline values and sham stimulation group. Similarly, a significant reduction in craving was observed after intervention in the tDCS + MBSAT group but not in the sham stimulation group. Also, a significant correlation was shown between the enhancement of negative emotions and the decrease of craving in the combination group (tDCS + MBSAT) compared to the other groups. Conclusions: The findings of the present study confirm the effectiveness of the combined approach of mindfulness therapy with electrical stimulation in substance use groups
{"title":"The Effects of Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness on Negative Emotions and Craving in Adolescents with Methamphetamine Dependence","authors":"J. Alizadehgoradel","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba.100909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.100909","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mindfulness-based substance abuse treatment and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been proposed as a potential approach to improve negative emotions and reduce craving in persons with substance use disorders. Recent studies suggest that tDCS may enhance psychological interventions. Objectives: The current study, hence, investigated the effects of combined tDCS with mindfulness-based substance abuse treatment (MBSAT) to improve negative emotions and reduce craving in adolescents with methamphetamine dependence. Patients and Methods: Eighty early-abstinent methamphetamine users aged between 18 and 21 were randomly assigned to the research groups (tDCS group (n = 20), mindfulness group (n = 20), combined mindfulness-tDCS group (n = 20), and sham group (n = 20). Active tDCS (intensity of 1.5 mA, with 20 min duration) or sham tDCS (intensity of 0.0 mA, with 20 min duration) was used over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the MBSAT protocol was used over twelve 50-min sessions. Results: Negative emotions significantly improved in the combination group receiving real tDCS + MBSAT (PIN-CODES), as compared to baseline values and sham stimulation group. Similarly, a significant reduction in craving was observed after intervention in the tDCS + MBSAT group but not in the sham stimulation group. Also, a significant correlation was shown between the enhancement of negative emotions and the decrease of craving in the combination group (tDCS + MBSAT) compared to the other groups. Conclusions: The findings of the present study confirm the effectiveness of the combined approach of mindfulness therapy with electrical stimulation in substance use groups","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74169728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Jalilian, H. Kakaei, H. Nourmoradi, S. Bakhtiyari, S. Mazloomi, A. Mirzaei
Background: COVID-19 is a communicable disease that is preventable by accessing valid health information. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate health information seeking behaviors (HISB) related to COVID-19 in young people. Materials and Methods: A total of 258 young people participated in this online study through a convenience sampling method who filled out the HISBC-19 questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 19 software by the chi-square test with considering α = 0.05 as the significance level. Results: Out of 258 participants,105 (40.7%) had very good internet search skills, 77 (29.8%) were good, and 76 (29.5%) were poor. Besides, 194 (75.2%) people started searching for health information from search engines and virtual social media. The highest use of health information sources was related to virtual social media. Also, 243 (94.2%) people reported behavioral improvement after achieving health information. The chi-square test showed a significant difference between men and women in receiving information from visiting the physician or other treatment staff, asking questions from family members, watching satellite channels, and attending workshops and meetings on health (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The use of internet-based media is one of the most important sources of health information related to COVID-19. Planning to provide accurate health information through reliable sources plays an important role in improving health information in young people.
{"title":"Health Information Seeking Behaviors Related to COVID-19 Among Young People: An Online Survey","authors":"M. Jalilian, H. Kakaei, H. Nourmoradi, S. Bakhtiyari, S. Mazloomi, A. Mirzaei","doi":"10.5812/IJHRBA.105863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/IJHRBA.105863","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 is a communicable disease that is preventable by accessing valid health information. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate health information seeking behaviors (HISB) related to COVID-19 in young people. Materials and Methods: A total of 258 young people participated in this online study through a convenience sampling method who filled out the HISBC-19 questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 19 software by the chi-square test with considering α = 0.05 as the significance level. Results: Out of 258 participants,105 (40.7%) had very good internet search skills, 77 (29.8%) were good, and 76 (29.5%) were poor. Besides, 194 (75.2%) people started searching for health information from search engines and virtual social media. The highest use of health information sources was related to virtual social media. Also, 243 (94.2%) people reported behavioral improvement after achieving health information. The chi-square test showed a significant difference between men and women in receiving information from visiting the physician or other treatment staff, asking questions from family members, watching satellite channels, and attending workshops and meetings on health (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The use of internet-based media is one of the most important sources of health information related to COVID-19. Planning to provide accurate health information through reliable sources plays an important role in improving health information in young people.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90526437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Radgoodarzi, E. Norouzi, Zahra Vahedi, Mitra Salavati, A. Yaghoubi, R. Behmadi
Background: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common congenital malformations at birth. Substance abuse has increased dramatically over the past two decades. It also can affect neonates of drug-abusing mothers. Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the possible association of maternal drug abuse with CHDs in their newborn infants. Patients and Methods: In this study, 72 neonates who were born during 6 years in three teaching hospitals are studied. Echocardiography was performed by a single pediatric cardiologist using two-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 1) Of 72 included cases, 38 (52.78%) had abnormal echocardiographic findings; 2) from 38 abnormal echocardiography, 35 (48.61% of total and 92.11% of abnormal echoes) had mild congenital heart defect (CHD), and 3 had complex CHD; 3) There was no significant difference in the prevalence of neonatal congenital heart defect with the type of misused drugs (opiates or methamphetamines). Conclusions: In our study, the prevalence of CHD in newborns of drug abuser mothers was significantly higher than the normal population of infants. Hence, echocardiographic screening of these newborns seems to be logical.
{"title":"Prevalence of Congenital Heart Defects in Neonates of Drug Abusing Mothers","authors":"Mohammad Radgoodarzi, E. Norouzi, Zahra Vahedi, Mitra Salavati, A. Yaghoubi, R. Behmadi","doi":"10.5812/IJHRBA.106884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/IJHRBA.106884","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common congenital malformations at birth. Substance abuse has increased dramatically over the past two decades. It also can affect neonates of drug-abusing mothers. Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the possible association of maternal drug abuse with CHDs in their newborn infants. Patients and Methods: In this study, 72 neonates who were born during 6 years in three teaching hospitals are studied. Echocardiography was performed by a single pediatric cardiologist using two-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 1) Of 72 included cases, 38 (52.78%) had abnormal echocardiographic findings; 2) from 38 abnormal echocardiography, 35 (48.61% of total and 92.11% of abnormal echoes) had mild congenital heart defect (CHD), and 3 had complex CHD; 3) There was no significant difference in the prevalence of neonatal congenital heart defect with the type of misused drugs (opiates or methamphetamines). Conclusions: In our study, the prevalence of CHD in newborns of drug abuser mothers was significantly higher than the normal population of infants. Hence, echocardiographic screening of these newborns seems to be logical.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76116799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Due to the increasing spread of massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) and their addictive potential, scholars assert that understanding the factors underpinning Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is crucial, considering the psychopathological classification. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the motives predicting IGD in MMORPG players with different personality risk profiles. Materials and Methods: An online survey was conducted among 202 MMORPG players (mean age = 27.85 years, SD = 6.49). A cluster analysis was performed to classify the samples, according to the substance use risk profile scale (SURPS), distinguishing a sensation seeking (SS) group from a group prone to negative emotions (PNE), including anxiety, hopelessness, and impulsivity. Also, the gaming motives, which were determined using the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ), were considered as independent variables in analyses. The regression analyses indicated different combinations of gaming motives, predisposing the two groups to IGD. Results: The escapism motive and male gender were the main risk factors for SS players, whereas the sociability motive predicted addiction tendencies in the PNE group. Also, the competition motive was a strong predictor of IGD in both groups; this motive was found to be associated with the male gender and the specific game genre. Moreover, the PNE players were significantly more addicted to MMORPGs and were less satisfied with their life, compared to the SS group. Conclusions: Based on the present results, clustering gamers in terms of personality traits allowed us to understand the mechanisms underlying IGD for overcoming a reductive approach, which considers MMORPG players as a uniform group.
{"title":"Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG) Player Profiles: Exploring Player’s Motives Predicting Internet Addiction Disorder","authors":"Roberta Biolcati, Virginia Pupi, Giacomo Mancini","doi":"10.5812/IJHRBA.107530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/IJHRBA.107530","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to the increasing spread of massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) and their addictive potential, scholars assert that understanding the factors underpinning Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is crucial, considering the psychopathological classification. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the motives predicting IGD in MMORPG players with different personality risk profiles. Materials and Methods: An online survey was conducted among 202 MMORPG players (mean age = 27.85 years, SD = 6.49). A cluster analysis was performed to classify the samples, according to the substance use risk profile scale (SURPS), distinguishing a sensation seeking (SS) group from a group prone to negative emotions (PNE), including anxiety, hopelessness, and impulsivity. Also, the gaming motives, which were determined using the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ), were considered as independent variables in analyses. The regression analyses indicated different combinations of gaming motives, predisposing the two groups to IGD. Results: The escapism motive and male gender were the main risk factors for SS players, whereas the sociability motive predicted addiction tendencies in the PNE group. Also, the competition motive was a strong predictor of IGD in both groups; this motive was found to be associated with the male gender and the specific game genre. Moreover, the PNE players were significantly more addicted to MMORPGs and were less satisfied with their life, compared to the SS group. Conclusions: Based on the present results, clustering gamers in terms of personality traits allowed us to understand the mechanisms underlying IGD for overcoming a reductive approach, which considers MMORPG players as a uniform group.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87531513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inadequate Health Literacy and the Role of Cyberspace in the Tendency to Use Alcohol in the Prevention of Coronavirus","authors":"Mojtaba Fattahi Ardakani, Ahmad Sotoudeh","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba.103366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.103366","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75226205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Akpunne, E. O. Akinnawo, O. A. Alakija, D. O. Kumuyi
Background: In 2018, the Nigerian Communication Commission affirmed that more than 100 million Nigerians made use of the Internet. A good percentage of internet usage is maladaptive. A valid, reliable, and socio-culturally sensitive assessment instrument is essential to study internet usage patterns in Nigeria. Young’s Internet Addiction test (IAT) has been validated in many countries, but not in Nigeria. Objectives: This study aimed to validate IAT to determine psychometric properties acceptable in a Nigerian population. Materials and Methods: A total of 184 Nigerian University undergraduates (77 males and 107 females), mean age = 20.5, were purposively drawn, and they responded to IAT, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS). Results: The Cronbach’s α of the six IAT factors ranged from 0.25 (anticipation) to 0.69 (salience). The observed overall Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.79 was obtained for IAT. The corrected item-total correlations ranged from 0.73 to 0.84. The concurrent validity score was observed to be r = 0.54 between IAT and SAS-SV and r = 0.58 between IAT and BFAS. A significant positive correlation was equally observed between the IAT and BFAS factors, ranging from conflict (r = 0.322, P = 0.000) to relapse (r = 0.488, P = 0.000). The new norm determined for IAT in the Nigerian population was ≥ 38.5 for males and ≥ 40.8 for females. Conclusions: IAT is gender-sensitive and has acceptable psychometric properties for the Nigerian population.
{"title":"Psychometric Properties of Young’s Internet Addiction Test in Nigeria","authors":"B. Akpunne, E. O. Akinnawo, O. A. Alakija, D. O. Kumuyi","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba.91968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.91968","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In 2018, the Nigerian Communication Commission affirmed that more than 100 million Nigerians made use of the Internet. A good percentage of internet usage is maladaptive. A valid, reliable, and socio-culturally sensitive assessment instrument is essential to study internet usage patterns in Nigeria. Young’s Internet Addiction test (IAT) has been validated in many countries, but not in Nigeria. Objectives: This study aimed to validate IAT to determine psychometric properties acceptable in a Nigerian population. Materials and Methods: A total of 184 Nigerian University undergraduates (77 males and 107 females), mean age = 20.5, were purposively drawn, and they responded to IAT, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS). Results: The Cronbach’s α of the six IAT factors ranged from 0.25 (anticipation) to 0.69 (salience). The observed overall Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.79 was obtained for IAT. The corrected item-total correlations ranged from 0.73 to 0.84. The concurrent validity score was observed to be r = 0.54 between IAT and SAS-SV and r = 0.58 between IAT and BFAS. A significant positive correlation was equally observed between the IAT and BFAS factors, ranging from conflict (r = 0.322, P = 0.000) to relapse (r = 0.488, P = 0.000). The new norm determined for IAT in the Nigerian population was ≥ 38.5 for males and ≥ 40.8 for females. Conclusions: IAT is gender-sensitive and has acceptable psychometric properties for the Nigerian population.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"596 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77836332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahboubeh Firouzkouhi Moghadam, N. Bakhshani, A. Noroozi, Farnaz Sharifi Mood, S. Lotfinia
Background: There is an increasing trend in treatment demand for opioid dependence among adolescents in Iran. However, evidence regarding effective treatment in this population is very limited. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of clonidine and buprenorphine for inpatient medically-assisted withdrawal of adolescents with opioid dependence aged 12 and 16 years. Materials and Methods: The study is an open-label, randomized controlled trial with convenience sampling. In total, 36 adolescents took part in this study who were randomly assigned to buprenorphine or clonidine groups. The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale was used to monitor the withdrawal severity on days one, two, three, seven, and 14. Results: The findings showed both treatments were effective. However, withdrawal symptoms in the buprenorphine group showed a greater reduction in the first seven days of withdrawal treatment. There was no significant difference in the length of hospitalization between the two groups. Patients with a longer duration of opioid use showed higher levels of withdrawal symptoms in the buprenorphine group on days one and three. Conclusions: Buprenorphine treatment was found to be more effective than clonidine in controlling opioid withdrawal during the initial days of treatment. However, it lost its superiority towards the end of the follow-up. It seems that clonidine could be a good alternative to buprenorphine in the medically-assisted withdrawal of adolescents with opioid dependence.
{"title":"An Open-label Randomized Control Trial Comparing Clonidine and Buprenorphine for Medically-Assisted Opium Withdrawal of Adolescents","authors":"Mahboubeh Firouzkouhi Moghadam, N. Bakhshani, A. Noroozi, Farnaz Sharifi Mood, S. Lotfinia","doi":"10.5812/IJHRBA.107160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/IJHRBA.107160","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is an increasing trend in treatment demand for opioid dependence among adolescents in Iran. However, evidence regarding effective treatment in this population is very limited. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of clonidine and buprenorphine for inpatient medically-assisted withdrawal of adolescents with opioid dependence aged 12 and 16 years. Materials and Methods: The study is an open-label, randomized controlled trial with convenience sampling. In total, 36 adolescents took part in this study who were randomly assigned to buprenorphine or clonidine groups. The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale was used to monitor the withdrawal severity on days one, two, three, seven, and 14. Results: The findings showed both treatments were effective. However, withdrawal symptoms in the buprenorphine group showed a greater reduction in the first seven days of withdrawal treatment. There was no significant difference in the length of hospitalization between the two groups. Patients with a longer duration of opioid use showed higher levels of withdrawal symptoms in the buprenorphine group on days one and three. Conclusions: Buprenorphine treatment was found to be more effective than clonidine in controlling opioid withdrawal during the initial days of treatment. However, it lost its superiority towards the end of the follow-up. It seems that clonidine could be a good alternative to buprenorphine in the medically-assisted withdrawal of adolescents with opioid dependence.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84534649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Rezaian, M. Karimi, Ebrahim Nazari Far, Mahsa Yarelahi, A. Asadollahi, Atefe Razaian
Background: Illegal drug abuse is an important challenge that is not adequately addressed with respect to gerontology in rural areas. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 641 people aged 60 years or older supported by rural health centers in Southern Iran were investigated (310 and 331 men and women, respectively). To take a sample size of 326, snowball sampling was used. Then, the sample size was developed and simulated to 1.65 million rural elderly using the Monte Carlo simulation and bootstrapping technique (upon the 2016 national census), calculated in SPSS V.25. The ASSIST-WHO, 2017 instrument was used to collect the data. Results: A significant difference was found between the mean sub-variables of marital status using the MANOVA. Widowhood and divorce had more impact on the tendency to addiction compared to the other factors on marital status. Nomads and farmers were more vulnerable to be addicted than those occupied in the public sector. It was also confirmed by the Eta2 coefficient that older men feeling loneliness have a higher tendency to commit risky behaviors. Conclusions: Being a nomad or framer and widowhood and divorce increased the tendency of male elderly towards illegal drugs. Further studies are required to develop guidelines for policy-makers concerning the rural aging community.
{"title":"Risk Assessment of Addiction and Tobacco Misuse in Community of the Rural Older Adult, Using Monte Carlo Simulation Sampling","authors":"E. Rezaian, M. Karimi, Ebrahim Nazari Far, Mahsa Yarelahi, A. Asadollahi, Atefe Razaian","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba.106335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.106335","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Illegal drug abuse is an important challenge that is not adequately addressed with respect to gerontology in rural areas. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 641 people aged 60 years or older supported by rural health centers in Southern Iran were investigated (310 and 331 men and women, respectively). To take a sample size of 326, snowball sampling was used. Then, the sample size was developed and simulated to 1.65 million rural elderly using the Monte Carlo simulation and bootstrapping technique (upon the 2016 national census), calculated in SPSS V.25. The ASSIST-WHO, 2017 instrument was used to collect the data. Results: A significant difference was found between the mean sub-variables of marital status using the MANOVA. Widowhood and divorce had more impact on the tendency to addiction compared to the other factors on marital status. Nomads and farmers were more vulnerable to be addicted than those occupied in the public sector. It was also confirmed by the Eta2 coefficient that older men feeling loneliness have a higher tendency to commit risky behaviors. Conclusions: Being a nomad or framer and widowhood and divorce increased the tendency of male elderly towards illegal drugs. Further studies are required to develop guidelines for policy-makers concerning the rural aging community.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89925740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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