Reza Heidari Moghadam, N. Salehi, Mohamadreza Moatazedian, Parisa Janjani, Alireza Rai, Javad Azimivghar, Arsalan Naderipour, Etrat Javadi Rad, M. Rouzbahani
Background: Despite the health benefits of smoking cessation on patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), some resume smoking even after their discharge from hospital with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Objectives: This study aimed to determine the predictors of smoking resumption after ACS in western Iran. Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed on 175 patients admitted to the Imam Ali Cardiovascular Center, Kermanshah, Iran, with a diagnosis of ACS from January 2018 to December 2018. Data were collected by a trained interviewer using a checklist developed based on the study objectives. Differences between groups were evaluated by independent t-test, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests. The relationship between smoking resumption and predicting variables was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models (Forward LR). Results: All participants were male with a mean age of 56.30 ± 8.91 (M ± SD) years. Three months post-discharge, 137 (78.3%) patients quit smoking, and 38 (21.7%) patients resumed it. The patients who resumed smoking were more likely to be divorced (20.6% vs. 0.7%), unemployed or retired (73.7% vs. 63.5%), have smokers in household (86.8% vs. 50.4%), and have history of depression (52.7% vs. 20.4%) (P-values < 0.05). The independent predictors of smoking resumption were divorce (OR 4.2, 95% CI: 1.31 - 19.01), having smokers in household (OR 12.08, 95% CI: 3.45 - 40.81), and history of depression (OR 12.16, 95% CI: 3.68 - 39.04). Conclusions: Divorce, having smokers in household, and history of depression were identified as the independent predictors of smoking resumption in ACS patients. Those who have these characteristics should be viewed as having a high risk of smoking relapse and be provided with more support to quit smoking.
{"title":"Predictors of Smoking Resumption After Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Prospective Study in Western Iran","authors":"Reza Heidari Moghadam, N. Salehi, Mohamadreza Moatazedian, Parisa Janjani, Alireza Rai, Javad Azimivghar, Arsalan Naderipour, Etrat Javadi Rad, M. Rouzbahani","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba.109811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.109811","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the health benefits of smoking cessation on patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), some resume smoking even after their discharge from hospital with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Objectives: This study aimed to determine the predictors of smoking resumption after ACS in western Iran. Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed on 175 patients admitted to the Imam Ali Cardiovascular Center, Kermanshah, Iran, with a diagnosis of ACS from January 2018 to December 2018. Data were collected by a trained interviewer using a checklist developed based on the study objectives. Differences between groups were evaluated by independent t-test, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests. The relationship between smoking resumption and predicting variables was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models (Forward LR). Results: All participants were male with a mean age of 56.30 ± 8.91 (M ± SD) years. Three months post-discharge, 137 (78.3%) patients quit smoking, and 38 (21.7%) patients resumed it. The patients who resumed smoking were more likely to be divorced (20.6% vs. 0.7%), unemployed or retired (73.7% vs. 63.5%), have smokers in household (86.8% vs. 50.4%), and have history of depression (52.7% vs. 20.4%) (P-values < 0.05). The independent predictors of smoking resumption were divorce (OR 4.2, 95% CI: 1.31 - 19.01), having smokers in household (OR 12.08, 95% CI: 3.45 - 40.81), and history of depression (OR 12.16, 95% CI: 3.68 - 39.04). Conclusions: Divorce, having smokers in household, and history of depression were identified as the independent predictors of smoking resumption in ACS patients. Those who have these characteristics should be viewed as having a high risk of smoking relapse and be provided with more support to quit smoking.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81770841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. A. Lewis, S. Davis, Dagmar A. S. Corry, Sarah Demmrich
{"title":"Translation of the Extended Addictive Features Section of the Ottawa Self-injury Inventory Version 3.1 in German","authors":"C. A. Lewis, S. Davis, Dagmar A. S. Corry, Sarah Demmrich","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba.118936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.118936","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90993601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Bagherian, Nazir Mozafari, A. Zadeh Mohammadi, M. Heidari
Background: Adolescence is defined as a period with multiple and intertwined physical, psychological, and social developments during which risky behaviors increases. Various factors affect the tendency and occurrence of risky behaviors. Time perspective (TP) is defined as the role of time and attitude toward time in affairs and behaviors. Executive functioning skills allow an individual to perceive stimuli from his or her environment, respond adaptively, flexibly change direction, anticipate future goals, consider consequences, and respond in an integrated or commonsense way. Objectives: This study aimed to predict risky behaviors based on TP in Iranian adolescents by emphasizing the mediating role of decision making and inhibitory response. Patients and Methods: Path analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between components of TP and risky behaviors with mediator variables, decision making, and inhibitory response among 804 high school adolescent students (including 470 males and 334 females) in Sanandaj, Iran. All participants were asked to complete the Iranian Adolescent Risk Scale and Time Perspective Scale and perform 2 computer tasks [i.e., Go/No-Go and Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART)]. SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24 were used to analyze direct and indirect relationships. Results: There was a significant relationship between the components of TP and the tendency to risky behaviors. Risky decision-making and inhibitory response had a significant effect on 3 aspects of TP in predicting adolescents’ risky behaviors. These effects were both direct and indirect, of which the former effect was created by mediating the decision-making and inhibitory response. Conclusions: The components of TP, decision-making, and inhibitory response predict risky behaviors in adolescents.
背景:青春期被定义为身体、心理和社会多方面交织发展的时期，在此期间危险行为增加。各种因素影响着危险行为的倾向和发生。时间观(TP)被定义为时间在事务和行为中的作用和对时间的态度。执行功能技能使个体能够从环境中感知刺激，做出适应性反应，灵活地改变方向，预测未来目标，考虑后果，并以综合或常识性的方式做出反应。目的:本研究旨在通过强调决策和抑制反应的中介作用，预测伊朗青少年基于TP的危险行为。患者和方法:本研究采用通径分析方法，通过中介变量、决策和抑制反应，对伊朗Sanandaj地区804名高中生(男性470名，女性334名)的TP成分与危险行为之间的关系进行评估。所有参与者都被要求完成伊朗青少年风险量表和时间视角量表，并执行2个计算机任务[即，Go/ not -Go和气球模拟风险任务(BART)]。采用SPSS version 26和AMOS version 24分析直接关系和间接关系。结果:TP各成分与危险行为倾向有显著相关。风险决策和抑制反应在TP预测青少年危险行为的3个方面均有显著影响。这些效应包括直接效应和间接效应，其中直接效应是通过中介决策反应和抑制反应产生的。结论:TP、决策和抑制反应的成分预测青少年危险行为。
{"title":"Predicting High-Risk Behaviors Based on Time Perspective in Iranian Adolescents by Emphasizing the Mediating Role of Decision Making and Inhibitory Response: Path Analysis","authors":"F. Bagherian, Nazir Mozafari, A. Zadeh Mohammadi, M. Heidari","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba.114519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.114519","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescence is defined as a period with multiple and intertwined physical, psychological, and social developments during which risky behaviors increases. Various factors affect the tendency and occurrence of risky behaviors. Time perspective (TP) is defined as the role of time and attitude toward time in affairs and behaviors. Executive functioning skills allow an individual to perceive stimuli from his or her environment, respond adaptively, flexibly change direction, anticipate future goals, consider consequences, and respond in an integrated or commonsense way. Objectives: This study aimed to predict risky behaviors based on TP in Iranian adolescents by emphasizing the mediating role of decision making and inhibitory response. Patients and Methods: Path analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between components of TP and risky behaviors with mediator variables, decision making, and inhibitory response among 804 high school adolescent students (including 470 males and 334 females) in Sanandaj, Iran. All participants were asked to complete the Iranian Adolescent Risk Scale and Time Perspective Scale and perform 2 computer tasks [i.e., Go/No-Go and Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART)]. SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24 were used to analyze direct and indirect relationships. Results: There was a significant relationship between the components of TP and the tendency to risky behaviors. Risky decision-making and inhibitory response had a significant effect on 3 aspects of TP in predicting adolescents’ risky behaviors. These effects were both direct and indirect, of which the former effect was created by mediating the decision-making and inhibitory response. Conclusions: The components of TP, decision-making, and inhibitory response predict risky behaviors in adolescents.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72370069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sheibani, N. Mohammadi, H. Joulaei, Z. Foroozanfar
Background: Several studies have reported that many people living with HIV (PLHIV) complain of memory impairments. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate these complaints both subjectively and objectively. Patients and Methods: For this purpose, 50 PLHIV and 50 of their companions as the control group were selected by the convenience sampling method in Shiraz, Iran, and completed Ray's auditory-verbal learning test and the Patient’s Assessment of Own Functioning Inventory (PAOFI). Data were analyzed using a t-test in SPSS. Results: Our findings showed a significant difference between PLHIV and the control group in terms of subjective memory complaints and objective memory functions. Conclusions: The overall result of the study showed that PLHIV reported more subjective memory complaints and poorer objective memory functions than the control group, regardless of the stage of the disease.
{"title":"Evaluation of Memory Complaints in People Living with HIV in Iran","authors":"M. Sheibani, N. Mohammadi, H. Joulaei, Z. Foroozanfar","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba.120189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.120189","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several studies have reported that many people living with HIV (PLHIV) complain of memory impairments. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate these complaints both subjectively and objectively. Patients and Methods: For this purpose, 50 PLHIV and 50 of their companions as the control group were selected by the convenience sampling method in Shiraz, Iran, and completed Ray's auditory-verbal learning test and the Patient’s Assessment of Own Functioning Inventory (PAOFI). Data were analyzed using a t-test in SPSS. Results: Our findings showed a significant difference between PLHIV and the control group in terms of subjective memory complaints and objective memory functions. Conclusions: The overall result of the study showed that PLHIV reported more subjective memory complaints and poorer objective memory functions than the control group, regardless of the stage of the disease.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84151180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Pourmovahed, S. M. Mazloomy Mahmoodabad, Seyed Mojtaba Yassini Ardekani, Hassan Zareei Mahmoodabadi, H. Tavangar, M. Kaviani, A. Salehi-abargouei, N. Bakhshani, Shahab-Aldin Akbarian
Context: It is proposed that family structure influences adolescent alcohol use; however, the findings are mixed, and no systematic review has been conducted to summarize the evidence. Objectives: We aimed to identify the association between family structures and adolescent alcohol consumption through a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched until June 2017 for observational studies, which examined the relationship between family structure and adolescent alcohol use. A random-effects model was used to derive the overall odds ratio (OR) for the likelihood of alcohol use in different non-intact families compared with intact families (adolescents growing up with both biological parents). Results: Fifty-seven articles met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review, and 29 were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a significant increase in alcohol use among adolescents with non-intact families (OR = 1.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 1.36) compared with adolescents with intact families in which both biological parents were present. Living with one biological parent, living in a divorced family, loss of parents, and other types of the non-intact family also significantly increased the odds of alcohol use in adolescents (P < 0.05). Conclusions: All types of the non-intact family were linked to adolescents' alcohol use. The family structure could have an essential role in reducing high-risk behaviors, including alcohol use and its consequences in adolescents.
{"title":"Family Structure in Association with Alcohol Use Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Z. Pourmovahed, S. M. Mazloomy Mahmoodabad, Seyed Mojtaba Yassini Ardekani, Hassan Zareei Mahmoodabadi, H. Tavangar, M. Kaviani, A. Salehi-abargouei, N. Bakhshani, Shahab-Aldin Akbarian","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba.112404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.112404","url":null,"abstract":"Context: It is proposed that family structure influences adolescent alcohol use; however, the findings are mixed, and no systematic review has been conducted to summarize the evidence. Objectives: We aimed to identify the association between family structures and adolescent alcohol consumption through a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched until June 2017 for observational studies, which examined the relationship between family structure and adolescent alcohol use. A random-effects model was used to derive the overall odds ratio (OR) for the likelihood of alcohol use in different non-intact families compared with intact families (adolescents growing up with both biological parents). Results: Fifty-seven articles met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review, and 29 were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a significant increase in alcohol use among adolescents with non-intact families (OR = 1.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 1.36) compared with adolescents with intact families in which both biological parents were present. Living with one biological parent, living in a divorced family, loss of parents, and other types of the non-intact family also significantly increased the odds of alcohol use in adolescents (P < 0.05). Conclusions: All types of the non-intact family were linked to adolescents' alcohol use. The family structure could have an essential role in reducing high-risk behaviors, including alcohol use and its consequences in adolescents.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80372130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Nazari, H. Ghazvini, Seyedeh Masoumeh Seyedhosseini Tamijani, Raheleh Rafaiee
{"title":"Increased Suicide of Iranian Resident Physicians in the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"S. Nazari, H. Ghazvini, Seyedeh Masoumeh Seyedhosseini Tamijani, Raheleh Rafaiee","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba.117651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.117651","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72410371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Substance abuse promotes a sense of self-perceived evolutionary ability by stimulating the cortico-mesolimbic in the brain. Although the relationship between substance use and evolutionary fitness has been demonstrated, the role of mediating variables that may contribute to the relationship between self-perceived evolutionary fitness and substance use is not clear yet. Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the relationship between self-perceived evolutionary fitness and the tendency to substance use and the mediating role of boredom and mind wandering in this relationship. Patients and Methods: This correlational study was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population comprised of all students at state-run universities of medical sciences in Tehran. A sample of 200 students from Iran University of Medical Sciences was selected via convenience sampling. Results: A significant negative correlation was found between evolutionary fitness and addiction potential (r = -0.75). The proposed model showed the direct effect factor of evolutionary fitness on addiction potential (β = -0.50, t = 7.90), boredom (β = -0.71, t = -14.12), and mind wandering (β = -0.46, t = -7.28). Moreover, the direct effect factor of boredom (β = 0.37, t = 5.94) and mind wandering (β = -0.02, t = -0.47) for addiction potential was established. Conclusions: Poor evolutionary fitness starts mind wandering about fitness-related issues. Eventually, this wandering leads to the unpleasant sense of boredom. Taking drugs artificially and temporarily increases evolutionary fitness and reduces one’s sense of boredom.
背景:药物滥用通过刺激大脑皮质-中边缘来促进自我感知的进化能力。虽然物质使用与进化适应度之间的关系已被证明，但可能影响自我感知进化适应度与物质使用之间关系的中介变量的作用尚不清楚。目的:本研究旨在探讨自我感知进化适应度与物质使用倾向的关系，以及无聊和走神在这一关系中的中介作用。患者和方法:采用结构方程模型(SEM)进行相关研究。统计人口包括德黑兰国立医科大学的所有学生。采用方便抽样的方法，选取伊朗医科大学200名学生作为样本。结果:进化适应度与成瘾潜能呈显著负相关(r = -0.75)。该模型显示进化适应度对成瘾潜能(β = -0.50, t = 7.90)、无聊感(β = -0.71, t = -14.12)和走神(β = -0.46, t = -7.28)有直接影响。无聊感(β = 0.37, t = 5.94)和走神(β = -0.02, t = -0.47)是成瘾电位的直接影响因子。结论:进化适应度差会导致人们在与健康相关的问题上走神。最终，这种徘徊会导致不愉快的无聊感。人为地、暂时地服用药物可以提高进化适应性，减少人的无聊感。
{"title":"The Mediating Role of Boredom and Mind Wandering in the Relationship Between Evolutionary Fitness and Tendency to Substance Use Among University Students","authors":"M. Ghazanfari, Fahimeh Fathali Lavasani","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba.116646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.116646","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Substance abuse promotes a sense of self-perceived evolutionary ability by stimulating the cortico-mesolimbic in the brain. Although the relationship between substance use and evolutionary fitness has been demonstrated, the role of mediating variables that may contribute to the relationship between self-perceived evolutionary fitness and substance use is not clear yet. Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the relationship between self-perceived evolutionary fitness and the tendency to substance use and the mediating role of boredom and mind wandering in this relationship. Patients and Methods: This correlational study was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population comprised of all students at state-run universities of medical sciences in Tehran. A sample of 200 students from Iran University of Medical Sciences was selected via convenience sampling. Results: A significant negative correlation was found between evolutionary fitness and addiction potential (r = -0.75). The proposed model showed the direct effect factor of evolutionary fitness on addiction potential (β = -0.50, t = 7.90), boredom (β = -0.71, t = -14.12), and mind wandering (β = -0.46, t = -7.28). Moreover, the direct effect factor of boredom (β = 0.37, t = 5.94) and mind wandering (β = -0.02, t = -0.47) for addiction potential was established. Conclusions: Poor evolutionary fitness starts mind wandering about fitness-related issues. Eventually, this wandering leads to the unpleasant sense of boredom. Taking drugs artificially and temporarily increases evolutionary fitness and reduces one’s sense of boredom.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75648072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Angeles-Agdeppa, Frances Pola Santos Arias, James Andrei Justin Pascual Sy, Ren Annaliz Pabustan Garingo
: Addiction affects the economy of countries worldwide. Nutrition plays an important role in helping persons who use drugs (PWUDs) to regain their physical and mental health, thereby increasing the probability of recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of implementing the nutrition care process on PWUDs management 120 days after its implementation. Following a quasi-experimental design with pre and post-test evaluations, 268 PWUDs admitted to 8 drug treatment, and rehabilitation centers in the Philippines were recruited. Developed nutrition management guidelines containing the nutrition care process and cycle menu of calculated diet for PWUDs were provided for implementation in the rehabilitation regimen. Body mass index was used to assess nutritional status, dietary diversity score (DDS) to measure diet quality, WHO quality of life-BREF to assess the quality of life (QoL), Kessler-10 Psychological Distress Scale to determine psychological distress, and Beck’s depression inventory to assess stress level. The results indicated a 92% reduction in underweight during the study period. Participants with high DDS significantly increased from 38.43 to 91.04%. All domains of the QoL were improved, the level of severe depression was significantly decreased (6.72 to 4.48%), and decrease in the proportion of participants experiencing moderate (18.3 to 12.7%) and severe psychological distress (4.48 to 3.73%) was observed. There was no significant association between DDS and the three psychological parameters. The implementation of the nutrition care process and the recovery diets is feasible and could improve the nutritional status, QoL, and stress level of PWUDs.
{"title":"Nutrition Care Processes Can Improve the Nutritional Status and Quality of Life of Persons Who Use Drugs (PWUDs)","authors":"I. Angeles-Agdeppa, Frances Pola Santos Arias, James Andrei Justin Pascual Sy, Ren Annaliz Pabustan Garingo","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba.114975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.114975","url":null,"abstract":": Addiction affects the economy of countries worldwide. Nutrition plays an important role in helping persons who use drugs (PWUDs) to regain their physical and mental health, thereby increasing the probability of recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of implementing the nutrition care process on PWUDs management 120 days after its implementation. Following a quasi-experimental design with pre and post-test evaluations, 268 PWUDs admitted to 8 drug treatment, and rehabilitation centers in the Philippines were recruited. Developed nutrition management guidelines containing the nutrition care process and cycle menu of calculated diet for PWUDs were provided for implementation in the rehabilitation regimen. Body mass index was used to assess nutritional status, dietary diversity score (DDS) to measure diet quality, WHO quality of life-BREF to assess the quality of life (QoL), Kessler-10 Psychological Distress Scale to determine psychological distress, and Beck’s depression inventory to assess stress level. The results indicated a 92% reduction in underweight during the study period. Participants with high DDS significantly increased from 38.43 to 91.04%. All domains of the QoL were improved, the level of severe depression was significantly decreased (6.72 to 4.48%), and decrease in the proportion of participants experiencing moderate (18.3 to 12.7%) and severe psychological distress (4.48 to 3.73%) was observed. There was no significant association between DDS and the three psychological parameters. The implementation of the nutrition care process and the recovery diets is feasible and could improve the nutritional status, QoL, and stress level of PWUDs.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82592985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behzad Rigi Kooteh, B. Dolatshahi, N. Bakhshani, Yazdan Naderi Rajeh
Background: Craving has an important place in the structure of the literature on consumption disorders. Objectives: The present research investigates the relationship between emotional factors (such as positive and negative effects, emotion regulation, emotion regulation strategies, emotional processing, emotional stimulation, attention to emotional stimuli, emotional separation, and emotional response) with consumption craving. Patients and Methods: The statistical population of current descriptive-correlational research consisted of all opium-dependent patients living in medium-term accommodation centers (camps) in Zahedan, Iran, from 2018 to 2019. Among 21 allowed accommodation centers, 12 were randomly selected. A purposive sampling method was used to select 243 patients. For collecting data, multiple questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 software. Results: The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that among emotional factors, emotional excitement could only predict 0.020 of variations in instant craving, and other emotional factors did not have much explanatory power. However, to predict drug carvings and desires, more emotional variables (emotional arousal, emotional processing, affection, emotion regulation, and emotional separation) were entered into the equation, and the set could predict 0.156% of drug carving. Conclusions: Cultural factors play an important role in the discussion of emotion, and it is important to consider them in the field of drug prevention. Concurrent attention is needed to be paid to the biological, psychological, and social dimensions. In addition, concurrent treatment can lead to interdisciplinary collaboration.
{"title":"Investigating the Common and Specific Role of Emotional Factors in Current Cravings and Thoughts-Imagination of Consumption in Iranian Opioid Dependent Patients","authors":"Behzad Rigi Kooteh, B. Dolatshahi, N. Bakhshani, Yazdan Naderi Rajeh","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba.115515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.115515","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Craving has an important place in the structure of the literature on consumption disorders. Objectives: The present research investigates the relationship between emotional factors (such as positive and negative effects, emotion regulation, emotion regulation strategies, emotional processing, emotional stimulation, attention to emotional stimuli, emotional separation, and emotional response) with consumption craving. Patients and Methods: The statistical population of current descriptive-correlational research consisted of all opium-dependent patients living in medium-term accommodation centers (camps) in Zahedan, Iran, from 2018 to 2019. Among 21 allowed accommodation centers, 12 were randomly selected. A purposive sampling method was used to select 243 patients. For collecting data, multiple questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 software. Results: The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that among emotional factors, emotional excitement could only predict 0.020 of variations in instant craving, and other emotional factors did not have much explanatory power. However, to predict drug carvings and desires, more emotional variables (emotional arousal, emotional processing, affection, emotion regulation, and emotional separation) were entered into the equation, and the set could predict 0.156% of drug carving. Conclusions: Cultural factors play an important role in the discussion of emotion, and it is important to consider them in the field of drug prevention. Concurrent attention is needed to be paid to the biological, psychological, and social dimensions. In addition, concurrent treatment can lead to interdisciplinary collaboration.","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86058257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Basic Changes in the Sexual Life of Iranian University Students","authors":"Ali Ghanbaribarzian, Davoud Zahrani, H. Dehghani","doi":"10.5812/ijhrba.112258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.112258","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":53452,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73977631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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