Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/19409419.2020.1780630
O. Krasnyak
ABSTRACT This article discusses the role of spokesperson in Russia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). A spokesperson’s official role in frontline diplomacy is viewed and analyzed through the lens of public diplomacy to promote a nation-state’s foreign policy when engaging with foreign audiences and influencing public opinion. This article first investigates the history and approaches for Soviet-acting spokespersons who primarily targeted Americans and Western Europeans through the media and TV, although in accordance with mutually accepted conditions of hosting states. The article then assesses changes in world politics and communication technologies and evaluates the digital public diplomacy dimension that has shaped the spokesperson’s communication strategies. Finally, the article evaluates current Russian MFA spokesperson Maria Zakharova’s responsibilities and identifies the strategies she embraces when communicating with targeted audiences. The article concludes that the role of a spokesperson in Russian public diplomacy is increasingly prominent and has moved far beyond a mouthpiece.
{"title":"Foreign ministry’s spokesperson in public diplomacy: a case of Russia","authors":"O. Krasnyak","doi":"10.1080/19409419.2020.1780630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19409419.2020.1780630","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article discusses the role of spokesperson in Russia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). A spokesperson’s official role in frontline diplomacy is viewed and analyzed through the lens of public diplomacy to promote a nation-state’s foreign policy when engaging with foreign audiences and influencing public opinion. This article first investigates the history and approaches for Soviet-acting spokespersons who primarily targeted Americans and Western Europeans through the media and TV, although in accordance with mutually accepted conditions of hosting states. The article then assesses changes in world politics and communication technologies and evaluates the digital public diplomacy dimension that has shaped the spokesperson’s communication strategies. Finally, the article evaluates current Russian MFA spokesperson Maria Zakharova’s responsibilities and identifies the strategies she embraces when communicating with targeted audiences. The article concludes that the role of a spokesperson in Russian public diplomacy is increasingly prominent and has moved far beyond a mouthpiece.","PeriodicalId":53456,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Communication","volume":"108 1","pages":"155 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89783449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/19409419.2020.1777067
B. Gubman, Carina Anufrieva
{"title":"Homo Scriptor. A collection of papers and materials for M. Epstein’s 70th birthday","authors":"B. Gubman, Carina Anufrieva","doi":"10.1080/19409419.2020.1777067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19409419.2020.1777067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53456,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Communication","volume":"17 1","pages":"187 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78416047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/19409419.2020.1777189
Asya Cooley
ABSTRACT News media can serve as a public service actor by bringing attention to issues, topics, and areas that are bettering societies, such as providing coverage for a nonprofit sector. Driven by the agenda-setting and framing communication theories, this research project assesses how Russian nonprofits are presented in news media. More broadly, this study adds to the literature on the social role that news media plays in contemporary Russian society. We find that the Russian nonprofit sector is still finding its place within a larger Russian narrative, andRussian news media falls short in aiding its legitimization and unification. Specifically, the media presents nonprofit organizations as detached from their larger societal roles and mostly includes coverage of national organizations, their fundraising work, and activities.
{"title":"Russian news media as a public service actor: exploring the coverage of nonprofit organizations","authors":"Asya Cooley","doi":"10.1080/19409419.2020.1777189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19409419.2020.1777189","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT News media can serve as a public service actor by bringing attention to issues, topics, and areas that are bettering societies, such as providing coverage for a nonprofit sector. Driven by the agenda-setting and framing communication theories, this research project assesses how Russian nonprofits are presented in news media. More broadly, this study adds to the literature on the social role that news media plays in contemporary Russian society. We find that the Russian nonprofit sector is still finding its place within a larger Russian narrative, andRussian news media falls short in aiding its legitimization and unification. Specifically, the media presents nonprofit organizations as detached from their larger societal roles and mostly includes coverage of national organizations, their fundraising work, and activities.","PeriodicalId":53456,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Communication","volume":"21 1","pages":"84 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90743321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/19409419.2020.1773912
D. Strovsky, R. Schleifer
ABSTRACT The Middle East is one of the ‘unreliable links’ in the international security system. This became apparent once Iran began developing its nuclear program decades ago, and in recent years, the program has reinforced the challenges to international security. The steps taken by the UN and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as well as US sanctions have not yet achieved positive results. Although Russia formally supported these sanctions, its political interests and attitude to Iran differ significantly from that of the United States and its allies. Russia seeks to consolidate its position in the region, challenging American policies. This article investigates political contradictions regarding the implementation of Iran’s nuclear strategy and observes the position of the Russian print media as a source of information. Despite the active development of online news in Russia, print media continue serving as a popular information source in the country. This holds especially true for local officials, who are responsible for making government decisions, thus determining our increased interest in these forms of media. The Russian press, when covering the ‘Iranian nuclear issue,’ do not serve as unbiased sources of information, but suggest propaganda influence, albeit flavored with thorough knowledge of the political situation.
{"title":"The Iranian nuclear challenge as reflected in the Russian media","authors":"D. Strovsky, R. Schleifer","doi":"10.1080/19409419.2020.1773912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19409419.2020.1773912","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Middle East is one of the ‘unreliable links’ in the international security system. This became apparent once Iran began developing its nuclear program decades ago, and in recent years, the program has reinforced the challenges to international security. The steps taken by the UN and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as well as US sanctions have not yet achieved positive results. Although Russia formally supported these sanctions, its political interests and attitude to Iran differ significantly from that of the United States and its allies. Russia seeks to consolidate its position in the region, challenging American policies. This article investigates political contradictions regarding the implementation of Iran’s nuclear strategy and observes the position of the Russian print media as a source of information. Despite the active development of online news in Russia, print media continue serving as a popular information source in the country. This holds especially true for local officials, who are responsible for making government decisions, thus determining our increased interest in these forms of media. The Russian press, when covering the ‘Iranian nuclear issue,’ do not serve as unbiased sources of information, but suggest propaganda influence, albeit flavored with thorough knowledge of the political situation.","PeriodicalId":53456,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Communication","volume":"10 1","pages":"137 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75217715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/19409419.2020.1773911
Olga Baysha
ABSTRACT It has been argued that by allowing users to unfriend, unfollow, and block political and cultural ‘others,’ Facebook facilitates the discouragement of dialog between those holding different views on political issues. Using a case study of a civil confrontation in Ukraine, the paper analyzes the reasons for unfriending political ‘others’ reported by 699 respondents of a qualitative survey. Its findings are in line with researchers who have also found that the likelihood of selective avoidance is higher among people who are more politically active, emotionally involved, and who have more online friends. The paper also discusses an interesting discovery that has not been previously considered. The respondents often shunned political ‘others’ out of suspicion that they were trolls. As this paper suggests, whether real or imagined, trolling has turned out to be a real force influencing people’s decisions to withdraw from communication on the most important issues of public life.
{"title":"Dividing social networks: Facebook unfriending, unfollowing, and blocking in turbulent political times","authors":"Olga Baysha","doi":"10.1080/19409419.2020.1773911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19409419.2020.1773911","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It has been argued that by allowing users to unfriend, unfollow, and block political and cultural ‘others,’ Facebook facilitates the discouragement of dialog between those holding different views on political issues. Using a case study of a civil confrontation in Ukraine, the paper analyzes the reasons for unfriending political ‘others’ reported by 699 respondents of a qualitative survey. Its findings are in line with researchers who have also found that the likelihood of selective avoidance is higher among people who are more politically active, emotionally involved, and who have more online friends. The paper also discusses an interesting discovery that has not been previously considered. The respondents often shunned political ‘others’ out of suspicion that they were trolls. As this paper suggests, whether real or imagined, trolling has turned out to be a real force influencing people’s decisions to withdraw from communication on the most important issues of public life.","PeriodicalId":53456,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Communication","volume":"34 1","pages":"104 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85058189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/19409419.2020.1825054
Karine V. Chobanyan, G. Shchepilova, D. Zhukov
ABSTRACT Almost six years ago the Crimean Peninsula became part of Russia. The article examines television as part of the information field of Crimea and Sevastopol and compares its power during three periods – Soviet, Ukrainian and Russian. Our main attention is given to the current state of television and its transformations within the Russian media system. We argue that the changes that Crimean and Sevastopol TV has undergone since 2014 are mostly beneficial for several reasons: (1) with three multiplexes in place Crimea is becoming one of the most technologically developed regions in terms of TV. (2) Crimean TV today is represented by channels airing 24/7. (3) One hundred percent of content is fully produced in Crimea. We also offer perspective on some current issues the TV market is facing (audience measuring, self-censorship, lack of qualified professionals, licensing problems). We use expert interviews as the main research method and the frontier concept as our theoretical frame.
{"title":"The new reality: Crimean and Sevastopol television after 2014","authors":"Karine V. Chobanyan, G. Shchepilova, D. Zhukov","doi":"10.1080/19409419.2020.1825054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19409419.2020.1825054","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Almost six years ago the Crimean Peninsula became part of Russia. The article examines television as part of the information field of Crimea and Sevastopol and compares its power during three periods – Soviet, Ukrainian and Russian. Our main attention is given to the current state of television and its transformations within the Russian media system. We argue that the changes that Crimean and Sevastopol TV has undergone since 2014 are mostly beneficial for several reasons: (1) with three multiplexes in place Crimea is becoming one of the most technologically developed regions in terms of TV. (2) Crimean TV today is represented by channels airing 24/7. (3) One hundred percent of content is fully produced in Crimea. We also offer perspective on some current issues the TV market is facing (audience measuring, self-censorship, lack of qualified professionals, licensing problems). We use expert interviews as the main research method and the frontier concept as our theoretical frame.","PeriodicalId":53456,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Communication","volume":"33 1","pages":"171 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78609253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Based on the media discourse analysis of twelve national and six regional Russian online mass media, the study provides critical reflections on the environmental media coverage across two Russian cities following environmental themes including air and water pollution, waste, sustainable transport, energy, environmental civic engagement, and organic food. The findings suggest that the commonalities of the media coverage include the distribution of diagnostic and prognostic framing of motivational, informational articles over analytical, and the domination of discourses of ‘sustainable innovations’, ‘modernisation’, ‘environmental alarmism’ and ‘environmental conflicts’. The differences include the higher coverage of the city of Moscow and pro-governmental journalists in the national media in contrast to coverage in the regional press where the voices of environmental activists and non-governmental organisations are presented equally alongside those of the pro-governmental journalists. Collectively, the results demonstrate that media coverage does not accurately reflect the complex issues of urban stakeholders’ relationship with environmental conflicts which are inevitable in the context of Russia’s continuous reliance on the hydrocarbon sector.
{"title":"Environmental issues in Russian cities: towards the understanding of regional and national mass media discourse","authors":"Ermolaeva Polina, Ermolaeva Yulia, Kuznetsova Irina, Basheva Olga, Korunova Valeriya","doi":"10.1080/19409419.2020.1729464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19409419.2020.1729464","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Based on the media discourse analysis of twelve national and six regional Russian online mass media, the study provides critical reflections on the environmental media coverage across two Russian cities following environmental themes including air and water pollution, waste, sustainable transport, energy, environmental civic engagement, and organic food. The findings suggest that the commonalities of the media coverage include the distribution of diagnostic and prognostic framing of motivational, informational articles over analytical, and the domination of discourses of ‘sustainable innovations’, ‘modernisation’, ‘environmental alarmism’ and ‘environmental conflicts’. The differences include the higher coverage of the city of Moscow and pro-governmental journalists in the national media in contrast to coverage in the regional press where the voices of environmental activists and non-governmental organisations are presented equally alongside those of the pro-governmental journalists. Collectively, the results demonstrate that media coverage does not accurately reflect the complex issues of urban stakeholders’ relationship with environmental conflicts which are inevitable in the context of Russia’s continuous reliance on the hydrocarbon sector.","PeriodicalId":53456,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Communication","volume":"37 4 1","pages":"48 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79905081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19409419.2020.1726154
A. Palkin
{"title":"Russian intelligentsia in the age of counterperestroika","authors":"A. Palkin","doi":"10.1080/19409419.2020.1726154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19409419.2020.1726154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53456,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Communication","volume":"21 1","pages":"80 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84820724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19409419.2020.1726163
S. Gerasimov, Pavel S. Tereshchenko
ABSTRACT This article investigates the narratives and presents analytical profiles of the Russian movies made over a period of three years (2016–2018). The article analyzes, systematizes, and visualizes the dynamics of the main trends and shifts of the narratives in modern Russian cinematography. The analysis demonstrates how the narratives are influenced by support from the government and independent cinematography. The distinction in the narratives of government-sponsored and independent cinematography is examined through visual models based on experts’ narrative evaluation.
{"title":"Public narratives in modern Russian cinematography","authors":"S. Gerasimov, Pavel S. Tereshchenko","doi":"10.1080/19409419.2020.1726163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19409419.2020.1726163","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article investigates the narratives and presents analytical profiles of the Russian movies made over a period of three years (2016–2018). The article analyzes, systematizes, and visualizes the dynamics of the main trends and shifts of the narratives in modern Russian cinematography. The analysis demonstrates how the narratives are influenced by support from the government and independent cinematography. The distinction in the narratives of government-sponsored and independent cinematography is examined through visual models based on experts’ narrative evaluation.","PeriodicalId":53456,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Communication","volume":"68 1","pages":"32 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77193322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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