Oleksandr Todrin, Olena Timofeyeva, Olga Gordiyenko
On the basis of the developed physical and mathematical model of mass transfer, which takes into account the transmembrane transfer of non-electrolytes, basic ions and the associated changes in the transmembrane potential, the redistribution of osmotically active substances during equilibration of erythrocytes in cryoprotective solutions was investigated. Time parameters of changes in concentrations of osmotically active substances inside and outside cells, as well as transmembrane electric potential, were calculated. It is shown that during the exposure of human erythrocytes to 1M solutions of glycerol, 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), the sign of their transmembrane electric potential changes three times, and in solutions of ethylene glycol (EG) and of acetamide (AA) – once. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the most acceptable for further cryopreservation from the point of view of erythrocytes reaching a state close to equilibrium in a 1M solution of glycerol was their equilibration for 5.5 min, and in solutions of DMSO, AA, EG and 1,2-PD with the same concentration – 1 min. At the same time, the cells remain somewhat dehydrated (by 5.5–7.5%), and the concentrations of cryoprotectants inside erythrocytes change insignificantly during longer exposure. The indicated degree of dehydration does not affect cell viability, but reduces the likelihood of intracellular ice formation during subsequent freezing.
{"title":"Time-Dependent Features of Mass Transfer and Transmembrane Potential in Erythrocytes During Equilibration in Cryoprotective Solutions","authors":"Oleksandr Todrin, Olena Timofeyeva, Olga Gordiyenko","doi":"10.15407/cryo33.02.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/cryo33.02.103","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of the developed physical and mathematical model of mass transfer, which takes into account the transmembrane transfer of non-electrolytes, basic ions and the associated changes in the transmembrane potential, the redistribution of osmotically active substances during equilibration of erythrocytes in cryoprotective solutions was investigated. Time parameters of changes in concentrations of osmotically active substances inside and outside cells, as well as transmembrane electric potential, were calculated. It is shown that during the exposure of human erythrocytes to 1M solutions of glycerol, 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), the sign of their transmembrane electric potential changes three times, and in solutions of ethylene glycol (EG) and of acetamide (AA) – once. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the most acceptable for further cryopreservation from the point of view of erythrocytes reaching a state close to equilibrium in a 1M solution of glycerol was their equilibration for 5.5 min, and in solutions of DMSO, AA, EG and 1,2-PD with the same concentration – 1 min. At the same time, the cells remain somewhat dehydrated (by 5.5–7.5%), and the concentrations of cryoprotectants inside erythrocytes change insignificantly during longer exposure. The indicated degree of dehydration does not affect cell viability, but reduces the likelihood of intracellular ice formation during subsequent freezing.","PeriodicalId":53457,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136366744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Repin, Yu. A. Chizh, L. Marchenko, Tetyana Govorukha, Stanislav Narozhnyy
The protein-peptide composition of fetal tissues (FTCEs) and placenta (PCE) cryoextracts of rats was investigated by gel permeation chromatography. Cryoextracts were derived from tissue homogenates using the freeze-warming modes: 1 – single (–20°С); 2 – double (–20; –196°С) and 3 – triple (–20; –196; –196°С) ones. The biological activity of cryoextracts was in vitro evaluated by the phagocytic activity of neutrophil granulocytes (NG) of the blood of intact rats after incubation with an inactivated culture of Staphylococcus aureus (2 × 109 cells/ml) for 45 and 120 min for the concentrations of extracts in the incubation medium: 1.6; 3.1; 6 mg/ml in terms of dry substance. The use of mode 3 ensured a greater yield of total protein and low molecular weight compounds of a protein-peptide nature in the composition of cryoextracts. The content of low-molecular-weight fractions in FTCE exceeded that in PCE, regardless of the obtaining mode. Incubation of NG with cryoextracts did not significantly increase the number of neutrophils which entered into phagocytosis. However, all the samples of PCE and FTCE were characterized by a dose-dependent rise in the NG absorption activity during the 45-minute incubation compared to the control.
{"title":"Composition and Biological Activity of Fetoplacental Tissues-Derived Cryoextracts Being Differently Obtained","authors":"M. Repin, Yu. A. Chizh, L. Marchenko, Tetyana Govorukha, Stanislav Narozhnyy","doi":"10.15407/cryo33.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/cryo33.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"The protein-peptide composition of fetal tissues (FTCEs) and placenta (PCE) cryoextracts of rats was investigated by gel permeation chromatography. Cryoextracts were derived from tissue homogenates using the freeze-warming modes: 1 – single (–20°С); 2 – double (–20; –196°С) and 3 – triple (–20; –196; –196°С) ones. The biological activity of cryoextracts was in vitro evaluated by the phagocytic activity of neutrophil granulocytes (NG) of the blood of intact rats after incubation with an inactivated culture of Staphylococcus aureus (2 × 109 cells/ml) for 45 and 120 min for the concentrations of extracts in the incubation medium: 1.6; 3.1; 6 mg/ml in terms of dry substance. The use of mode 3 ensured a greater yield of total protein and low molecular weight compounds of a protein-peptide nature in the composition of cryoextracts. The content of low-molecular-weight fractions in FTCE exceeded that in PCE, regardless of the obtaining mode. Incubation of NG with cryoextracts did not significantly increase the number of neutrophils which entered into phagocytosis. However, all the samples of PCE and FTCE were characterized by a dose-dependent rise in the NG absorption activity during the 45-minute incubation compared to the control.","PeriodicalId":53457,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47369738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Received 03, October, 2022 Accepted 27, February, 2023 Сахароза — це природний вуглевод, який широко застосовується під час низькотемпературного консервування біологічних об’єктів [3] як основний кріопротектор [5, 7] та в комбінації з гліцерином [4], етиленгліколем (ЕГ) [2] і диметилсульфоксидом (ДМСО) [3]. Відомо, що важливим чинником, який впливає на результат кріоконсервування, є склад кріозахисних середовищ. Саме співвідношення в середовищі проникних та непроникних у клітини кріозахисних речовин дозволяє уникнути процесів кристалізації на етапах охолодження та відігріву. Пошук ефективного складу кріозахисних середовищ є актуальним і на сьогодні [1, 3, 8]. Метою роботи було дослідження низькотемпературних фазових переходів у сахарозовмісних розчинах кріопротекторів: гліцерину, 1,2-пропандіолу, 1,3-пропандіолу, етиленгліколю та диметилсульфоксиду.
{"title":"Low Temperature Phase Transitions in Sucrose-Containing Solutions of Some Cryoprotectants","authors":"Y. Smolyaninova, O. Bobrova","doi":"10.15407/cryo33.01.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/cryo33.01.055","url":null,"abstract":"Received 03, October, 2022 Accepted 27, February, 2023 Сахароза — це природний вуглевод, який широко застосовується під час низькотемпературного консервування біологічних об’єктів [3] як основний кріопротектор [5, 7] та в комбінації з гліцерином [4], етиленгліколем (ЕГ) [2] і диметилсульфоксидом (ДМСО) [3]. Відомо, що важливим чинником, який впливає на результат кріоконсервування, є склад кріозахисних середовищ. Саме співвідношення в середовищі проникних та непроникних у клітини кріозахисних речовин дозволяє уникнути процесів кристалізації на етапах охолодження та відігріву. Пошук ефективного складу кріозахисних середовищ є актуальним і на сьогодні [1, 3, 8]. Метою роботи було дослідження низькотемпературних фазових переходів у сахарозовмісних розчинах кріопротекторів: гліцерину, 1,2-пропандіолу, 1,3-пропандіолу, етиленгліколю та диметилсульфоксиду.","PeriodicalId":53457,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46231792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oleksandr Osetskyi, Stanislav Sevastianov, V. Yevlash, V. Potapov, Iryna Piliugina, D. Bilyi
This paper presents the method of cryogenic extraction by means of liquefied freons. Using the equipment to extract lipid fractions from biological raw materials, a freon extract from bay leaves (Laurus nobilis) was experimentally obtained. A low-temperature extraction of lipid fractions from bay leaves was first realized using liquefied freons within the temperature range of –2...–8°С. The difference in composition of these fractions from that of the oils, obtained within the standard temperature ranges of 30...50°С was shown. Dependence of the finished product weight on extraction time as a result of three consecutive cycles of 23 hrs each was demonstrated. Using gas chromatography, 68 components of freon extract were identified, and their quantitative composition and dominant compounds were detected. The content of essential oils and aroma-forming substances, stipulating the number of odour units was specified. These findings may be the basis for novel technological approaches to separation of lipid fractions, isolated from biological raw materials of plant and animal origin. Here, we described the device version with a three-stage cryogenic system of freon solvent recovery for effective implementation of the designed technology. Key words: bay leaf, low-temperature technologies, liquefied freon R406A, extract, gas chromatography, number of odour units.
{"title":"Low-Temperature Extraction of Lipid Fractions from Vegetable Raw Materials Using Liquefied Freons","authors":"Oleksandr Osetskyi, Stanislav Sevastianov, V. Yevlash, V. Potapov, Iryna Piliugina, D. Bilyi","doi":"10.15407/cryo33.01.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/cryo33.01.038","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the method of cryogenic extraction by means of liquefied freons. Using the equipment to extract lipid fractions from biological raw materials, a freon extract from bay leaves (Laurus nobilis) was experimentally obtained. A low-temperature extraction of lipid fractions from bay leaves was first realized using liquefied freons within the temperature range of –2...–8°С. The difference in composition of these fractions from that of the oils, obtained within the standard temperature ranges of 30...50°С was shown. Dependence of the finished product weight on extraction time as a result of three consecutive cycles of 23 hrs each was demonstrated. Using gas chromatography, 68 components of freon extract were identified, and their quantitative composition and dominant compounds were detected. The content of essential oils and aroma-forming substances, stipulating the number of odour units was specified. These findings may be the basis for novel technological approaches to separation of lipid fractions, isolated from biological raw materials of plant and animal origin. Here, we described the device version with a three-stage cryogenic system of freon solvent recovery for effective implementation of the designed technology. Key words: bay leaf, low-temperature technologies, liquefied freon R406A, extract, gas chromatography, number of odour units.","PeriodicalId":53457,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41354424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Volodymyr Prokopіuk, M. Shevchenko, Anna Kaverinska, Tetyana Mykhalchuk, Olga Prokopіuk
Received 22, November, 2022 Accepted 27, February, 2023 Тривалість та якість життя жінки значною мірою залежить від її репродуктивного періоду та рівня продукції статевих гормонів [4, 5], на які суттєвий вплив має передчасне згасання функції яєчників, у тому числі внаслідок онкологічних захворювань та їх терапії [2, 5]. Ефективним методом для відновлення функції яєчників після хіміотерапії є застосування стовбурових клітин різного походження [1, 2, 8]. Похідні плаценти, що містять характерні для стовбурових клітин фактори, ряд біологічно активних речовин і сполук, можуть бути потенційно ефективними у подоланні наслідків хіміотерапії. На даний час загальноприйнятою тваринною моделлю передчасної оваріальної недостатності (ОН) після хіміотерапії є використання комбінації циклофосфаміду та бусульфану. Така модель дозволяє у короткі терміни формувати ознаки ОН, які відповідають клінічному діагнозу, при цьому викликає меншу кількість побічних ефектів та демонструє високу результативність і стабільність [7, 8, 10]. У попередніх роботах нами була показана ефективність різних видів тканинної терапії на моделі циклофосфамід-індукованої оваріальної недостатності (МЦІОН), а також збільшення під впливом кріоконсервованих похідних Women’s life expectancy and its quality largely depend on the duration of reproductive period and the sex hormones production [4, 5], signifi cantly aff ected by premature ovarian failure, as well as resulted from oncology diseases and their therapy [2, 5]. An eff ective method for restoring ovarian function after chemotherapy is the use of stem cells of various origins [1, 2, 8]. Placental derivatives containing both stem cell-specifi c factors and a number of biologically active substances as well as compounds can be potentially eff ective in overcoming the chemotherapy eff ects. Currently, the generally accepted animal model of premature ovarian failure (OF) after chemotherapy uses a combination of cyclophosphamide and busulfan. This model allows the most rapid formation of OF signs, corresponding to the clinical diagnosis, but with fewer side eff ects, and demonstrates high effi ciency and stability [7, 8, 10]. Our previous studies have shown the eff ectiveness of various types of tissue therapy in the model of cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian failure (MCIOF), as well as an increased lifespan of male mice and the duration of reproductive period of females under the infl uence of cryopreserved placental derivatives [4, 5]. This suggests that the use of placental deriva-
{"title":"Cryopreserved Placental Derivatives Increase Survival of Mice With Cyclophosphamide-Induced Ovarian Failure","authors":"Volodymyr Prokopіuk, M. Shevchenko, Anna Kaverinska, Tetyana Mykhalchuk, Olga Prokopіuk","doi":"10.15407/cryo33.01.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/cryo33.01.059","url":null,"abstract":"Received 22, November, 2022 Accepted 27, February, 2023 Тривалість та якість життя жінки значною мірою залежить від її репродуктивного періоду та рівня продукції статевих гормонів [4, 5], на які суттєвий вплив має передчасне згасання функції яєчників, у тому числі внаслідок онкологічних захворювань та їх терапії [2, 5]. Ефективним методом для відновлення функції яєчників після хіміотерапії є застосування стовбурових клітин різного походження [1, 2, 8]. Похідні плаценти, що містять характерні для стовбурових клітин фактори, ряд біологічно активних речовин і сполук, можуть бути потенційно ефективними у подоланні наслідків хіміотерапії. На даний час загальноприйнятою тваринною моделлю передчасної оваріальної недостатності (ОН) після хіміотерапії є використання комбінації циклофосфаміду та бусульфану. Така модель дозволяє у короткі терміни формувати ознаки ОН, які відповідають клінічному діагнозу, при цьому викликає меншу кількість побічних ефектів та демонструє високу результативність і стабільність [7, 8, 10]. У попередніх роботах нами була показана ефективність різних видів тканинної терапії на моделі циклофосфамід-індукованої оваріальної недостатності (МЦІОН), а також збільшення під впливом кріоконсервованих похідних Women’s life expectancy and its quality largely depend on the duration of reproductive period and the sex hormones production [4, 5], signifi cantly aff ected by premature ovarian failure, as well as resulted from oncology diseases and their therapy [2, 5]. An eff ective method for restoring ovarian function after chemotherapy is the use of stem cells of various origins [1, 2, 8]. Placental derivatives containing both stem cell-specifi c factors and a number of biologically active substances as well as compounds can be potentially eff ective in overcoming the chemotherapy eff ects. Currently, the generally accepted animal model of premature ovarian failure (OF) after chemotherapy uses a combination of cyclophosphamide and busulfan. This model allows the most rapid formation of OF signs, corresponding to the clinical diagnosis, but with fewer side eff ects, and demonstrates high effi ciency and stability [7, 8, 10]. Our previous studies have shown the eff ectiveness of various types of tissue therapy in the model of cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian failure (MCIOF), as well as an increased lifespan of male mice and the duration of reproductive period of females under the infl uence of cryopreserved placental derivatives [4, 5]. This suggests that the use of placental deriva-","PeriodicalId":53457,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41585614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Vozovyk, N. Chernobai, N. Kadnikova, Nadiia Shevchenko
Development of protocols for cryopreservation of microalgae Chlorococcum dissectum Korshikov and Dunaliella salina Teodoresco requires selection of effective cryoprotectants and their concentrations. One of the stages of choosing the optimal concentrations of cryoprotectants is determining the degree of toxicity for cells at the equilibration stage. Solutions of dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, ethanol, glycerol (5–30%) and modified PVS1 and PVS2 (50 and 75%) were used in the research. The effect of cryoprotective compounds was determined by the resazurin reduction test. The least damaging effect on the Ch. dissectum cells was made by a 10% solution of glycerol. Treatment of the samples with ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide solutions reduced metabolic activity by 31–33%, the ethylene glycol ones did by 50%. Incubation in 75% modified PVS1, 50 and 75% PVS2 solutions reduced the metabolic activity by more than half compared to the control. Ethanol was the most toxic cryoprotectant for D. salina cells. Exposure of cells to the solutions of dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol and glycerol reduced metabolic activity by 25%. Incubation of D. salina cells in PVS did not affect the studied index.
{"title":"Effect of Cryoprotective Solutions on Metabolic Activity of Chlorococcum dissectum and Dunaliella salina Cell Cultures","authors":"K. Vozovyk, N. Chernobai, N. Kadnikova, Nadiia Shevchenko","doi":"10.15407/cryo33.01.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/cryo33.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"Development of protocols for cryopreservation of microalgae Chlorococcum dissectum Korshikov and Dunaliella salina Teodoresco requires selection of effective cryoprotectants and their concentrations. One of the stages of choosing the optimal concentrations of cryoprotectants is determining the degree of toxicity for cells at the equilibration stage. Solutions of dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, ethanol, glycerol (5–30%) and modified PVS1 and PVS2 (50 and 75%) were used in the research. The effect of cryoprotective compounds was determined by the resazurin reduction test. The least damaging effect on the Ch. dissectum cells was made by a 10% solution of glycerol. Treatment of the samples with ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide solutions reduced metabolic activity by 31–33%, the ethylene glycol ones did by 50%. Incubation in 75% modified PVS1, 50 and 75% PVS2 solutions reduced the metabolic activity by more than half compared to the control. Ethanol was the most toxic cryoprotectant for D. salina cells. Exposure of cells to the solutions of dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol and glycerol reduced metabolic activity by 25%. Incubation of D. salina cells in PVS did not affect the studied index.","PeriodicalId":53457,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45124219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Received 23, July, 2022 Accepted 27, February, 2023 Холодна вода, низька температура, як і інші фактори навколишнього середовища, залежно від тривалості можуть надавати позитивного, так і негативного впливу на теплокровний організм. Занурення в холодну воду — це надзвичайно великий стрес для організму, оскільки існує ризик швидкої загибелі через холодовий шок або розвиток імерсійної гіпотермії (ІГ). Незважаючи на існування достатньої доказової бази для обґрунтування переваг чи недоліків плавання у холодній воді або використання методів керованої гіпотермії [3–7], дослідження даної проблеми мають продовжуватися, особливо у напрямку розшифровки тонких механізмів, задіяних у реалізації відповідних реакцій організму. Відомо, що протеїнази, активність яких регулюється специфічними і неспецифічними інгібіторами, зокрема α-2-макроглобуліном (α-2МГ), беруть участь у реалізації багатьох клітинних процесів в організмі. Протеоліз контролює рівень основних біорегуляторів, активність яких обумовлює ключові процеси метаболізму. Один з найбільш багатофункціональних протеїнів — α-2-МГ — синтезується практично всіма клітинами, швидко вступає в реакцію комплексоутворення з протеїназами і сприяє виведенню активних протеїназ із крові через печінку та нирки [8]. Розрахунок протеолітичних коефіцієнтів (ПК) дозволяє оцінити функціональну рівновагу Cold water, low temperature, as well as other environmental factors may either positively or negatively aff ect homoiotherms, depending on the duration. Cold-water immersion may be extremely stressful for the body due to a risk of rapid death caused by cold shock or immersion hypothermia (IH) development. Despite a suffi cient evidence to justify the advantages or disadvantages of cold-water swimming or controlled hypothermia [2, 5–7], further studies are needed to elucidate the subtle mechanisms involved in body response implementation. The proteinases, the activity of which is regulated by specifi c and non-specifi c inhibitors, in particular α-2-macroglobulin (α-2MG), are known as participating in many cellular processes in the body. The proteolysis controls the level of main bioregulators, whose activity determines the key metabolic processes. One of the most multifunctional proteins: α-2-MG is synthesized by almost all the cells, being able to rapidly enter into a reaction of complex formation with proteinases and promote the active proteinase removal of blood through liver and kidneys [8]. Calculation of proteolytic coeffi cients (PCs) allows the assessment of a proteinase/proteinase inhibitor functional balance. Therefore, we herein aimed to comparatively explore the proteinase/α-2-macroglobulin balance in rat tissues under immersion and craniocerebral hypothermia.
{"title":"Proteinase-α-2-Macroglobulin Balance Under Immersion and Craniocerebral Hypothermia","authors":"V. Lomako, L. Samokhina","doi":"10.15407/cryo33.01.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/cryo33.01.050","url":null,"abstract":"Received 23, July, 2022 Accepted 27, February, 2023 Холодна вода, низька температура, як і інші фактори навколишнього середовища, залежно від тривалості можуть надавати позитивного, так і негативного впливу на теплокровний організм. Занурення в холодну воду — це надзвичайно великий стрес для організму, оскільки існує ризик швидкої загибелі через холодовий шок або розвиток імерсійної гіпотермії (ІГ). Незважаючи на існування достатньої доказової бази для обґрунтування переваг чи недоліків плавання у холодній воді або використання методів керованої гіпотермії [3–7], дослідження даної проблеми мають продовжуватися, особливо у напрямку розшифровки тонких механізмів, задіяних у реалізації відповідних реакцій організму. Відомо, що протеїнази, активність яких регулюється специфічними і неспецифічними інгібіторами, зокрема α-2-макроглобуліном (α-2МГ), беруть участь у реалізації багатьох клітинних процесів в організмі. Протеоліз контролює рівень основних біорегуляторів, активність яких обумовлює ключові процеси метаболізму. Один з найбільш багатофункціональних протеїнів — α-2-МГ — синтезується практично всіма клітинами, швидко вступає в реакцію комплексоутворення з протеїназами і сприяє виведенню активних протеїназ із крові через печінку та нирки [8]. Розрахунок протеолітичних коефіцієнтів (ПК) дозволяє оцінити функціональну рівновагу Cold water, low temperature, as well as other environmental factors may either positively or negatively aff ect homoiotherms, depending on the duration. Cold-water immersion may be extremely stressful for the body due to a risk of rapid death caused by cold shock or immersion hypothermia (IH) development. Despite a suffi cient evidence to justify the advantages or disadvantages of cold-water swimming or controlled hypothermia [2, 5–7], further studies are needed to elucidate the subtle mechanisms involved in body response implementation. The proteinases, the activity of which is regulated by specifi c and non-specifi c inhibitors, in particular α-2-macroglobulin (α-2MG), are known as participating in many cellular processes in the body. The proteolysis controls the level of main bioregulators, whose activity determines the key metabolic processes. One of the most multifunctional proteins: α-2-MG is synthesized by almost all the cells, being able to rapidly enter into a reaction of complex formation with proteinases and promote the active proteinase removal of blood through liver and kidneys [8]. Calculation of proteolytic coeffi cients (PCs) allows the assessment of a proteinase/proteinase inhibitor functional balance. Therefore, we herein aimed to comparatively explore the proteinase/α-2-macroglobulin balance in rat tissues under immersion and craniocerebral hypothermia.","PeriodicalId":53457,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43018382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Puhovkin, J. Hájek, Davide Giordano, J. Sekerák, M. Barták
Lichens from the cold regions of Earth exhibit high, but different degree of tolerance to drought and freeze stresses. Therefore, three lichen species Xanthoria elegans, Umbilicaria cylindrica, Usnea sphacelata, and a representative of extremophilic cyanobacteria Nostoc commune were selected to measure temperature response curves of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in cooling experiment using a constant rate of cooling from 20 to –45°C. Two chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (FV/FM – potential yield of photosynthetic processes in photosystem II and ΦPSII – effective quantum yield) were measured with a modulated fluorometer. For all experimental species, the temperature-response curves of II FV/FM and ΦPSII showed typical triphasic shape: plateau (temperature decrease from 20 to –5°C), decline, and a shoulder reaching the critical point. The phase typically formed a S-curve of different shape as dependent on species and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter. U. cylindrica was the most cryoresistant in terms of photosynthetic processes ongoing in thylakoid membrane of chloroplast at below zero temperature.
{"title":"Cryoresistance Differences Between Species of Autotrops From Polar Regions Sensed by Chlorophyll Fluorescence","authors":"A. Puhovkin, J. Hájek, Davide Giordano, J. Sekerák, M. Barták","doi":"10.15407/cryo33.01.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/cryo33.01.025","url":null,"abstract":"Lichens from the cold regions of Earth exhibit high, but different degree of tolerance to drought and freeze stresses. Therefore, three lichen species Xanthoria elegans, Umbilicaria cylindrica, Usnea sphacelata, and a representative of extremophilic cyanobacteria Nostoc commune were selected to measure temperature response curves of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in cooling experiment using a constant rate of cooling from 20 to –45°C. Two chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (FV/FM – potential yield of photosynthetic processes in photosystem II and ΦPSII – effective quantum yield) were measured with a modulated fluorometer. For all experimental species, the temperature-response curves of II FV/FM and ΦPSII showed typical triphasic shape: plateau (temperature decrease from 20 to –5°C), decline, and a shoulder reaching the critical point. The phase typically formed a S-curve of different shape as dependent on species and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter. U. cylindrica was the most cryoresistant in terms of photosynthetic processes ongoing in thylakoid membrane of chloroplast at below zero temperature.","PeriodicalId":53457,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48941703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The state of erythrocytes during hypertonic and posthypertonic shock","authors":"O. Chabanenko, N. Yershova, N. Shpakova","doi":"10.15407/cryo32.04.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/cryo32.04.299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53457,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45719796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Perepelytsina, B. Kopiak, O. Yastrebova, M. Sydorenko
{"title":"Development of effective hematopoietic stem cell freezing protocols","authors":"O. Perepelytsina, B. Kopiak, O. Yastrebova, M. Sydorenko","doi":"10.15407/cryo32.04.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/cryo32.04.304","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53457,"journal":{"name":"Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42381890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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