Radiology Case Reports最新文献_第9页

Primary breast lymphoma: Case report and literature review 原发性乳腺淋巴瘤：病例报告及文献复习

Q4 Medicine

Radiology Case Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2025.12.046

Lana R.A. Pshtiwan MD , Ari M. Abdullah MD , Abdulwahid M. Salih MD , Dana O. Karim MD , Karzan M. Salih MD , Bayar B. Ameen MBChB , Sakar O. Arif MD , Masty Karim Ahmed MBChB , Sara Nasir Ahmed MBChB , Ali D. Saadullah BDS , Fahmi H. Kakamad MD

Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) accounts for a small fraction of breast malignancies and is uncommon in young adults, yet it can lead to significant complications. This report describes a case of PBL in a young female patient. An 18-year-old female presented with a mass in the right breast with fever and sweating. Examination revealed a poorly defined right breast mass. Imaging showed a diffuse infiltrative process, and core biopsy with staining identified the lymphoid origin of the infiltrative disease. Chemotherapy was opted for, and follow-up for months has revealed no complications. Ten cases were reviewed. The mean age was (19.7). The most common symptom was a palpable breast mass(s) (60%). Imaging showed variable signal intensities of the breast masses. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry of tissue biopsies were the main methods of diagnosis. Large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma was the most common diagnosis (60%). Chemotherapy was utilized in all of the cases with variations regarding regimens. Death and remission were seen in near equal proportions (40% vs 50%). Young women are not exempt from primary breast lymphoma, and chemotherapy might offer fruitful outcomes.

原发性乳腺淋巴瘤（PBL）占乳腺恶性肿瘤的一小部分，在年轻人中并不常见，但它可导致严重的并发症。本报告描述一例PBL在一个年轻的女性患者。一名18岁女性右乳肿块伴发热及出汗。检查发现右乳房一模糊肿块。影像学显示弥漫性浸润，核心活检染色确定浸润性疾病的淋巴起源。选择化疗，随访数月，未发现并发症。对10个案例进行了审查。平均年龄为19.7岁。最常见的症状是可触及的乳房肿块（60%）。影像学显示乳腺肿块信号强度变化。组织活检的免疫组织化学和流式细胞术是主要的诊断方法。大b细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤是最常见的诊断（60%）。所有病例均采用化疗，但治疗方案有所不同。死亡和缓解的比例几乎相等（40% vs 50%）。年轻女性也不能幸免于原发性乳腺淋巴瘤，化疗可能会带来丰硕的成果。

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引用次数: 0

Successful bronchial artery embolization for racemose hemangioma of the right bronchial artery with pulmonary artery dilatation: A case report 支气管动脉栓塞治疗右支气管动脉总状血管瘤伴肺动脉扩张1例

Q4 Medicine

Radiology Case Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2025.12.016

Kodai Fukuda MD, PhD , Tetsuo Sonomura MD, PhD , Nobuyuki Higashino MD, PhD , Takaya Shintani MD , Ryosuke Mimura MD , Shota Ueda MD, PhD , Atsufumi Kamisako MD, PhD , Akira Ikoma MD, PhD , Yuya Funayama RT , Kazuhiro Murotani PhD, RT , Hiroki Minamiguchi MD, PhD

An asymptomatic patient was incidentally found to have a markedly dilated right pulmonary artery A7 (13 mm in diameter) on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Intra-procedural CT aortography revealed that a right bronchial artery arising from the aorta and an ectopic right bronchial artery originating from the right thyrocervical trunk were dilated and tortuous, and communicated with right pulmonary artery A7. A bronchial artery aneurysm was also identified. A diagnosis of racemose hemangioma of the right bronchial artery was made, and coil embolization of the 2 bronchial arteries was performed. Follow-up contrast-enhanced CT at 2 years and 3 months after embolization showed that the dilated pulmonary artery had reduced to 7 mm in diameter. We believe that active therapeutic intervention is important to prevent potentially fatal complications such as aneurysm rupture.

一个无症状的病人偶然发现有一个明显扩张的右肺动脉A7（直径13毫米）的胸部增强计算机断层扫描（CT）。术中CT主动脉造影显示，源自主动脉的右支气管动脉和源自右甲状腺颈干的异位右支气管动脉扩张弯曲，并与右肺动脉A7相通。支气管动脉瘤也被发现。诊断为右支气管动脉总状血管瘤，行2支支气管动脉线圈栓塞术。栓塞后2年3个月随访CT造影显示扩张肺动脉直径缩小至7mm。我们相信积极的治疗干预对于预防潜在的致命并发症如动脉瘤破裂是很重要的。

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引用次数: 0

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula presenting with lower extremity weakness and intracranial hemorrhage: A case report 脊髓硬脑膜动静脉瘘表现为下肢无力和颅内出血1例

Q4 Medicine

Radiology Case Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2025.12.036

Fang Yu MD , Sangharsha Thapa MD , Ilya Frid MD , Gurmeen Kaur MD , Feliks Koyfman MD

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are uncommon vascular malformations that typically present with progressive myelopathy and are rarely associated with intracranial hemorrhage. We describe a 76-year-old male who initially had a normal noncontrast head CT, followed by rapid development of a large right cortical intraparenchymal hemorrhage with bilateral subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on repeat CT performed three hours later. Subsequent spine MRI demonstrated extensive dilated perimedullary vessels and diffuse thoracic spinal cord T2 hyperintensity, raising concern for a spinal vascular malformation. Spinal angiography confirmed a spinal dural AVF arising from the right L2 segmental artery with early venous drainage into a congested spinal venous network, which was successfully treated with trans arterial embolization. This case uniquely captured the dynamic radiologic evolution of intracranial hemorrhage temporally associated with a spinal dural AVF and highlights the importance of considering spinal vascular etiologies when intracranial imaging findings do not explain the clinical presentation.

脊髓硬膜动静脉瘘是一种罕见的血管畸形，通常表现为进行性脊髓病，很少与颅内出血相关。我们描述了一位76岁的男性患者，他最初的头部CT检查正常，随后在三小时后的重复CT检查中迅速发展为右侧皮质实质内出血并双侧蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）。随后的脊柱MRI显示广泛扩张的髓周血管和弥漫性胸椎T2高信号，引起对脊髓血管畸形的关注。脊髓血管造影证实脊髓硬膜AVF起源于右侧L2节段动脉，早期静脉引流至充血的脊髓静脉网络，经动脉栓塞成功治疗。该病例独特地记录了与脊髓硬膜AVF暂时性相关的颅内出血的动态放射学演变，并强调了当颅内影像学发现不能解释临床表现时考虑脊髓血管病因的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Endovascular stenting of popliteal artery pseudoaneurysms: Will this alternative be the new standard? A case report 腘动脉假性动脉瘤血管内支架植入术：这种替代方法会成为新的标准吗？病例报告

Q4 Medicine

Radiology Case Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2025.12.042

Isaac Kobe MMed, MRCS, Marcus Nicholls FRCR, Kaji Sritharan MD, FRCS

Traumatic popliteal artery pseudoaneurysms post-total knee replacement are uncommon and those of bilobed morphology are even more rare. We present a case of a patient with a bilobed traumatic popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm after knee replacement surgery, treated with popliteal artery stenting. A 75-year-old patient presented 12 days post left total knee replacement with left leg pain and swelling. A duplex ultrasound scan performed demonstrated a popliteal vein occlusive thrombus and a 2.6cm aneurysm of the left popliteal artery. Due to worsening pain and leg swelling, a CT angiogram scan was performed which demonstrated a large bilobed pseudoaneurysm of the popliteal artery. This necessitated emergent treatment and percutaneous popliteal artery stenting was performed. Initial angiography demonstrated extravasation of contrast into a pseudo aneurysm sac, and this was treated with a 6mm x 100mm self-expanding covered stent-graft (Gore Viabahn^TM). The patient recuperated well. This case describes a patient with delayed presentation of a bilobed arterial pseudoaneurysm due to iatrogenic trauma. The presence of deep venous thrombosis in this case clouded and delayed the diagnosis of popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm.

Bilobed popliteal artery pseudoaneurysms are rare with an unknown incidence while popliteal artery pseudoaneurysms are a recognized but uncommon complication during total knee arthroplasty, with an incidence between 0.03%-0.51%.

Popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm stenting has favorable short and mid-term results but given its rarity, high quality studies with comparison of various techniques are difficult to perform, resulting in paucity of data on long-term outcomes. Therefore, life-long stent surveillance is advocated.

膝关节置换术后外伤性腘动脉假性动脉瘤并不常见，双叶形态的假性动脉瘤更为罕见。我们报告一例膝关节置换术后双叶外伤性腘动脉假性动脉瘤患者，接受腘动脉支架置入术治疗。一位75岁的患者在左侧全膝关节置换术后12天出现左腿疼痛和肿胀。双工超声扫描显示腘静脉闭塞血栓和左腘动脉2.6cm动脉瘤。由于疼痛加重和腿部肿胀，CT血管造影显示腘动脉有一个大的双叶假性动脉瘤。这需要紧急治疗和经皮腘动脉支架植入术。最初的血管造影显示造影剂外渗到假性动脉瘤囊内，并使用6mm x 100mm自膨胀覆盖支架移植物（Gore ViabahnTM）进行治疗。病人恢复得很好。这个病例描述了一个由于医源性创伤而延迟出现双叶动脉假性动脉瘤的病人。深静脉血栓的存在使腘动脉假性动脉瘤的诊断变得模糊和延迟。双叶腘动脉假性动脉瘤是罕见的，发病率不详，而腘动脉假性动脉瘤是全膝关节置换术中公认但不常见的并发症，发病率在0.03%-0.51%之间。腘动脉假性动脉瘤支架置入术具有良好的中短期效果，但由于其罕见，难以进行高质量的研究，比较各种技术，导致缺乏长期结果的数据。因此，提倡终身支架监测。

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引用次数: 0

Multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma in a noncirrhotic liver: A diagnostic pitfall mimicking cholangiocarcinoma and metastatic disease 非肝硬化肝脏的多灶性肝细胞癌：一个模拟胆管癌和转移性疾病的诊断陷阱

Q4 Medicine

Radiology Case Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2025.12.032

Saber Abdellah Bassel MD, Ouijdane Zamani MD, Issam Ennafaa MD, Rachida Saouab MD, Hassan Ennouali MD, Jamal El Fenni MD, Mohamed Abdellaoui MD

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) usually develops in cirrhotic livers, most often related to viral hepatitis or alcohol use. Its occurrence in noncirrhotic livers is uncommon and can mimic other hepatic malignancies. We report a 50-year-old patient presenting with abdominal discomfort, vomiting, and jaundice. Computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple heterogeneous hepatic lesions with capsular retraction but no cirrhotic features. In the absence of hepatitis or alcohol history, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or metastases were initially suspected. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated arterial hyperenhancement, washout, and late capsule enhancement, consistent with HCC. Tumor thrombus extended into the right hepatic vein and inferior vena cava. Ultrasound-guided biopsy confirmed HCC. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of multifocal HCC in a noncirrhotic liver and underscores the importance of MRI and histopathology in achieving diagnostic certainty. Clinicians should maintain awareness of HCC even in the absence of cirrhosis or typical risk factors.

肝细胞癌（HCC）通常发生于肝硬化，通常与病毒性肝炎或酒精使用有关。它发生在非肝硬化的肝脏是罕见的，可以模仿其他肝脏恶性肿瘤。我们报告一个50岁的病人表现为腹部不适，呕吐和黄疸。计算机断层扫描（CT）显示多发性异质肝病变伴囊内收，但无肝硬化特征。在没有肝炎或酒精病史的情况下，最初怀疑肝内胆管癌或转移。磁共振成像（MRI）显示动脉高强化、洗脱和晚期包膜强化，与HCC一致。肿瘤血栓延伸至肝右静脉及下腔静脉。超声引导活检证实HCC。本病例强调了在非肝硬化肝脏中诊断多灶性HCC的挑战，并强调了MRI和组织病理学在获得诊断确定性方面的重要性。即使在没有肝硬化或典型危险因素的情况下，临床医生也应保持对HCC的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Ruptured rudimentary horn pregnancy mimicking abdominal gestation: A case report 模拟腹部妊娠的原始角破裂1例报告

Q4 Medicine

Radiology Case Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2025.12.030

Temesgen Getachew MD , Suleiman Ayalew Belay MD , Michael A. Negussie MD , Elezer Berhanu Zewde MD , Misganaw Abere MD , Solomon Berihe MD

A unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary horn, resulting from incomplete development of one of the Müllerian ducts, is a rare anomaly seen in about 0.4% of women and carries a high risk of ectopic pregnancy and uterine rupture, particularly when the horn is noncommunicating. A 27-year-old primigravida at 16 weeks’ gestation presented with symptoms of hypovolemic shock and peritonitis. Abdominopelvic ultrasound demonstrated an empty uterine cavity with a viable extrauterine fetus, leading to a presumed diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy, and emergency laparotomy confirmed a ruptured pregnancy in a noncommunicating rudimentary horn with significant hemoperitoneum. Surgical removal of the horn and left fallopian tube was performed, and the patient recovered well. This case highlights a common diagnostic pitfall, as rudimentary horn pregnancy is frequently misidentified on ultrasound as an abdominal or intrauterine gestation. Recognition of key ultrasonographic features, including lack of continuity with the endometrial cavity, a myometrial mantle surrounding the gestational sac, and a vascular pedicle, may facilitate earlier diagnosis and reduce the risk of catastrophic rupture. Due to the diagnostic challenges posed by this condition, early identification using advanced imaging and prompt surgical management are critical to reducing maternal risk.

单角状子宫，角发育不全，是由于其中一个勒氏管发育不全造成的，是一种罕见的异常，约占0.4%的女性，具有宫外孕和子宫破裂的高风险，特别是当角不连通时。一个27岁的孕16周初产妇表现出低血容量性休克和腹膜炎的症状。盆腔超声检查显示空宫腔内有存活的子宫外胎儿，推测为腹部妊娠，紧急剖腹手术证实妊娠破裂在不相通的初级角处，伴有明显的腹膜出血。手术切除了牛角和左输卵管，患者恢复良好。这个病例强调了一个常见的诊断陷阱，因为早期角妊娠在超声上经常被误诊为腹部或宫内妊娠。识别关键的超声特征，包括与子宫内膜腔缺乏连续性、妊娠囊周围的子宫肌层和血管蒂，可能有助于早期诊断并降低灾难性破裂的风险。由于这种情况带来的诊断挑战，早期识别使用先进的成像和及时的手术管理是降低产妇风险的关键。

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引用次数: 0

Polysplenia syndrome with semi-annular pancreas, midgut malrotation and interrupted inferior vena cava: A rare adult case report 多脾综合征伴半环状胰腺、中肠旋转不良及下腔静脉中断：一例罕见的成人病例报告

Q4 Medicine

Radiology Case Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2025.12.033

Saber Abdellah Bassel MD, Mohamed Abdellaoui MD, Meriem Edderai MD, Rachida Saouab MD, Hassan Ennouali MD, Jamal El Fenni MD, Ouijdane Zamani MD

Polysplenia syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly within the heterotaxy spectrum. It is typically diagnosed in childhood due to associated cardiac malformations, whereas detection in adults without cardiovascular involvement is uncommon. We report a 50-year-old woman presenting with recurrent abdominal pain and vomiting. Contrast-enhanced CT demonstrated multiple splenic nodules consistent with polysplenia, a semi-annular pancreas partially encircling the duodenum, midgut malrotation, and absence of the intrahepatic segment of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with azygos/hemiazygos continuation. This constellation of anomalies is unusual in adults and clinically significant. Pancreatic and intestinal malformations may predispose to abdominal symptoms, while vascular variants such as interrupted IVC have important implications for surgical and interventional procedures. CT plays a pivotal role in characterising these abnormalities and guiding safe management. Adult presentation of polysplenia syndrome without cardiac involvement is rare. Awareness of associated gastrointestinal and vascular anomalies is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis and intraoperative complications.

多脾综合征是异位谱系中一种罕见的先天性异常。由于相关的心脏畸形，它通常在儿童时期被诊断出来，而在没有心血管受累的成年人中检测出来是罕见的。我们报告一个50岁的妇女表现为反复腹痛和呕吐。增强CT显示多发性脾结节符合多脾，半环形胰腺部分环绕十二指肠，中肠旋转不良，下腔静脉肝内段缺失伴奇偶静脉/半奇偶静脉延续。这种异常的星座是不寻常的成人和临床意义。胰腺和肠道畸形可能易导致腹部症状，而血管变异，如下腔静脉中断，对外科和介入性手术具有重要意义。CT在诊断这些异常和指导安全处理方面起着关键作用。成人多脾综合征不累及心脏是罕见的。了解相关的胃肠道和血管异常是避免误诊和术中并发症的关键。

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引用次数: 0

Hemipelvis malrotation deformity leading to instability: The need for careful preoperative radiographic evaluation in total hip arthroplasty 半骨盆旋转不良畸形导致不稳定：全髋关节置换术术前需要仔细的x线评估

Q4 Medicine

Radiology Case Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2025.12.045

Ioannis S. Vasios MD, Konstantinos G. Makiev MD, Paraskevas Georgoulas MD, Antigoni Gkoudina MD, Efthymios Iliopoulos MD, PhD, Konstantinos Tilkeridis MD, PhD

Postoperative instability remains one of the main causes of early revision after total hip arthroplasty (THA), often occurring within the first 5 years. While factors such as implant design, surgical technique, and spinopelvic alignment have been widely studied, hemipelvis malrotation—a subtle, often unrecognized unilateral pelvic deformity—has received limited attention. This condition can lead to apparent implant malposition despite adherence to standard surgical protocols. A review of current literature suggests that hemipelvis malrotation may significantly influence postoperative hip stability, yet it is frequently missed on standard anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiographs. A clinical case is presented in which a patient experienced recurrent anterior dislocation after primary THA, even though the acetabular and femoral components appeared well positioned on routine imaging. Further evaluation with advanced imaging revealed a pronounced unilateral hemipelvis malrotation that had altered the true functional orientation of the acetabulum. Revision surgery incorporating correction of this underlying deformity successfully restored joint stability and resolved the patient’s symptoms. This case highlights the limitations of traditional 2-dimensional imaging and underscores the need for a more comprehensive, multiplanar, and dynamic preoperative assessment. Recognizing hemipelvis malrotation as a distinct contributor to THA instability may improve surgical planning and reduce the risk of dislocation and early revision. Collaboration between orthopedic surgeons and radiologists is essential to identify subtle pelvic asymmetries that can compromise component alignment and long-term functional outcomes.

术后不稳定仍然是全髋关节置换术（THA）后早期翻修的主要原因之一，通常发生在前5年内。虽然诸如植入物设计、手术技术和脊柱-骨盆对齐等因素已被广泛研究，但半骨盆旋转不良-一种不易察觉的单侧骨盆畸形-受到的关注有限。这种情况可导致明显的种植体错位，尽管坚持标准的手术方案。对现有文献的回顾表明，半骨盆旋转不良可能会显著影响术后髋关节稳定性，但在标准骨盆正位（AP） x线片上经常被遗漏。本文报告一例临床病例，患者在原发性THA术后经历复发性前位脱位，尽管在常规影像学上髋臼和股骨部分位置良好。进一步的高级影像学检查显示明显的单侧半骨盆旋转不良，改变了髋臼的真实功能方向。矫正手术结合这种潜在的畸形成功地恢复了关节的稳定性并解决了患者的症状。该病例强调了传统二维成像的局限性，并强调需要更全面、多平面和动态的术前评估。认识到半骨盆旋转不良是THA不稳定的一个明显因素，可以改善手术计划，降低脱位和早期翻修的风险。骨科医生和放射科医生之间的合作对于识别细微的骨盆不对称是至关重要的，这些不对称可能会损害部件对齐和长期功能结果。

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引用次数: 0

Proximal tibial tuberculous osteomyelitis with secondary knee joint arthritis: A case report 胫骨近端结核性骨髓炎伴继发性膝关节关节炎1例

Q4 Medicine

Radiology Case Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2025.12.019

Ilyesse Haichour M.D. , Kamal Benalia M.D. , Najib Abdeljaouad M.D. , Hicham Yacoubi M.D.

Tuberculous osteomyelitis is an uncommon form of musculoskeletal tuberculosis and most frequently involves long bones such as the femur and tibia. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman presenting with a one-year history of progressive pain and swelling of the left knee. Imaging revealed a well-defined lytic cavitary lesion in the metaphyseal–epiphyseal region of the proximal tibia with cortical breach, intra-articular extension, and direct communication with a pre-tibial soft-tissue abscess. Surgical management included debridement and curettage of the intramedullary cavity, drainage of the pre-tibial collection, PMMA cement filling, and a knee joint washout. Histopathological analysis demonstrated epithelioid granulomas with Langhans-type giant cells and caseous necrosis, and PCR confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This case highlights the importance of considering tuberculous osteomyelitis in the differential diagnosis of chronic osteolytic lesions with associated soft-tissue collections or secondary joint involvement, particularly in endemic regions.

结核性骨髓炎是一种不常见的肌肉骨骼结核，最常累及股骨和胫骨等长骨。我们报告的情况下，53岁的妇女提出了一年的历史进行性疼痛和肿胀的左膝。影像学显示胫骨近端干骺区有明确的溶解性空洞病变，伴有皮质破裂，关节内延伸，并与胫骨前软组织脓肿直接相连。手术处理包括清创和刮除髓内腔，胫骨前收集物引流，PMMA水泥填充和膝关节冲洗。组织病理学分析显示上皮样肉芽肿伴朗汉斯巨细胞和干酪样坏死，PCR证实为结核分枝杆菌。本病例强调了结核性骨髓炎在鉴别诊断伴有软组织聚集或继发性关节受累的慢性溶骨性病变时的重要性，特别是在流行地区。

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引用次数: 0

Malignant hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor: A case report and literature review 恶性肝血管周围上皮样细胞瘤1例报告并文献复习

Q4 Medicine

Radiology Case Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2025.12.029

Feng Li MMed, Yizhong Wu MD

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) comprise a rare group of mesenchymal neoplasms, which can arise from almost any location in the body, but cases of primary hepatic PEComa are extremely rare. Here we report a hepatic PEComa in a 30-year-old man with abdominal pain . An extended left hepatectomy was proceeded and the results showed negative margins. Histologically, the tumor cells presented an epithelioid morphology with polymorphic nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and focal vascular infiltration. Necrotic tissue was present, closely resembling hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated strong expression of HMB-45, CD34 and Ki67. Imaging findings and molecular analysis supported the malignant hepatic PEComa. Additionally, surgical resection is the first line treatment, and targeted therapy offers a viable therapeutic approach for individuals with inoperable malignant tumors and for those in the postoperative period.

血管周围上皮样细胞瘤（PEComas）是一种罕见的间充质肿瘤，几乎可以发生在身体的任何部位，但原发性肝脏PEComa极为罕见。我们在此报告一例30岁男性肝脏PEComa，并伴有腹痛。我们进行了左肝切除术，结果显示边缘呈阴性。组织学上，肿瘤细胞呈上皮样形态，细胞核多形性，嗜酸性细胞质丰富，局灶性血管浸润。坏死组织存在，类似于肝细胞癌。免疫组化显示HMB-45、CD34和Ki67的强表达。影像学表现和分子分析支持恶性肝PEComa。此外，手术切除是一线治疗，靶向治疗为无法手术的恶性肿瘤患者和术后患者提供了可行的治疗方法。

引用次数: 0