Investigacion y Educacion en Enfermeria最新文献

Objective: To analyze the potentialities and challenges of stricto sensu graduate programs in the health field from the perspective of post-graduate students and graduates.

Methods: This study is a qualitative meta-synthesis analyzing 23 studies selected from the following databases: BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus in Spanish, English and Portuguese, published between 2002 and 2022. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative analysis technique.

Results: The synthesis identified the potentialities and challenges of stricto sensu graduate studies across four domains: personal, academic, professional, and social. Key potentialities included the development of research skills, the production of rele-vant studies, the training of highly qualified professionals, and interdisciplinary collaboration. However, significant challeng-es were also noted, such as time management difficulties, high academic demands, competitiveness, workload overload, financial constraints, and professional undervaluation.

Conclusion: The qualitative studies reviewed highlight both the potentialities and challenges of stricto sensu graduate programs in the health field, emphasizing their impact on personal, academic, professional, and social aspects. It is essential for training institutions to develop and implement strategies that support graduate students in overcoming the challenges inherent in this formative process.

Objective: to describe the strategies used by women who have undergone assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to cope with the process of becoming mothers and to describe their relationships with their partners and healthcare professionals throughout this process.

Methods: This is a qualitative study based on grounded theory. Twenty women who had undergone ART in Spain were selected. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. The analysis followed grounded theory methods.

Results: 'Fighting for a dream: motherhood' is the main category describing women's struggles from their diagnosis of infertility to their successful pregnancy and delivery. This process makes it possible for them to fulfil their dream and become par-ents along with their partners. Three subcategories describe the different stages in the process: 'Accepting treatment: doing everything possible', 'Undergoing treatment: an emotional rollercoaster', and 'Reconsidering the dream: give up or gather strength to keep going?'

Conclusion: Women undergoing ART experience difficulties as they seek to achieve pregnancy, as there is no guarantee that they will be able to fulfil their greatest desire in life: motherhood. Women use a variety of coping strategies during ART and continue to seek emotional support from their peers and/or women who are experiencing the same situation.

Objective: To analyze the risk and factors related to the development of skin lesions due to xerosis in hospitalized elderly people.

Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study with 455 elderly people hospitalized in Paraíba (Brazil). The Risk Assessment Scale for the Development of Lesions Associated with Xerosis Cutis in Elderly People (ERLAX-53) developed in Brazil by Cruz in 2023 was used.

Results: The sample consisted of 272 (59.8%) elderly people from the medical clinic and 183 (40.2%) from the ICU, most of whom were females (54.5%). There were high frequencies of the variables "immobility" (58.9%), "friction and shear" (87.7%), "presence of comorbidities" (99.3%) and "predominance of dry skin" (79.8%). The correlation was positive and moderate for "mobility", "level of consciousness", "tactile sensitivity", "temperature" and "phototype". As for the risk of lesions associated with xerosis, 337 (74.1%) were at medium risk and 101 (22.2%) at high risk.

Conclusion: 96.3% of the elderly people with xerosis cutis who participate in the study were at medium to high risk of developing addi-tional skin lesions, which is why nursing must implement preventive and treatment strategies to care for these people.

Objective: To examine the impact of a self-care program designed using Peplau's theory on adherence and self-care in elderly diabetic patients.

Methods: This semi-experimental study involved 102 elderly diabetic patients from a diabetes clinic in Hormoz, Iran, in 2023. Partici-pants were randomly allocated to either the control group (n=51) or the intervention group (n=51). Before and two weeks after the intervention, participants completed a demographic information questionnaire, the Modanloo Adherence to Treatment Questionnaire for Patients with Chronic Illness, and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Scale. The intervention group received a self-care educational program based on Peplau's therapeutic communication theory, delivered in three phases: orientation, working, and termination. The program focused on key diabetes self-care factors including diet, medica-tion adherence, physical activity, blood sugar monitoring, and foot care. Educational sessions were conducted in small groups or individually in the clinic's education room. The control group received routine educational content provided by the diabetes clinic.

Results: The findings showed that the difference between the pre-post mean scores was significantly higher in the intervention group compared with the control group in the total self-care score, as well as in its dimensions: diet, blood sugar regulation, and foot care (p<0.001). On the other hand, in terms of adherence, no significant difference was observed in the mean difference between groups for the total score (p=0.307), although a statistical difference was found in the dimensions of willingness to participate in treatment (p=0.035) and ability to adapt (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The self-care educational program based on Peplau's theory improved the self-care and two dimensions of the adherence: willingness to participate in treatment and ability to adapt in diabetic patients.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a gratitude program based on positive thinking on nurses' resilience in the post-Coronavirus pan-demic era.

Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study. Eighty nurses in Peimanieh Hospital affiliated to Jahrom University of Medical Sciences were selected using convenience sampling method. They were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=40) and con-trol groups (n=40) from September to December 2023 in the southern of Iran. The intervention group were given a gratitude plan based on positive thinking in 28 days using WhatsApp in the form of daily. Training content were according to the posi-tive psychotherapy and gratitude of Seligman and Rhonda Byrne. The subjects of control group were not taught. Data were gathered using Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.

Results: The findings determined that immediately and two months after the intervention the total mean resilience scores had signifi-cant differences between the two groups (p<0.001). Repeated measures testing revealed significant improvements in total mean resilience scores from baseline to two months post-intervention (p=0.002), while between time points in the control group was not significant difference (p=0.32).

Conclusion: The findings provide evidence for the use of a gratitude programme, based on positive thinking, to increase resilience in nurses in the post-Coronavirus 2019 era.

Objective: To determine the effect of self-distancing, self-transcendence, and family functioning on self-care agency in Mexican older adults.

Methods: Correlational-explanatory design, with a sample of 253 elderly, collecting data through a simple random sampling. A personal data questionnaire was applied, the scale of: self-transcendence, the self-distancing subscale, the family APGAR and the ability to self-care in Mexican population from different demographic groups. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied (Mann-Whitney U and a structural equation model) and the study was approved by a registered ethics committee.

Results: The study had participation from 253 elderly, with a mean age of 68.02 years, with prevalence of the female sex (60.1%); the level of education was primary school or lower (51.4%). It was observed that the group of chronic diseases had lower self-distancing (U = 4.449.5, p = 0.038) and greater self-transcendence (U = 4177.0, p = 0.008), and selfcare (U = 4365.5, p = 0.024) than the group without chronic diseases. It was also found that self-transcendence, self-distancing, and family functionality produce a positive effect of 37% on selfcare.

Conclusion: Self-distancing, self-transcendence, and family functionality explain an important proportion of selfcare in the elderly. Said knowledge permits understanding the care behavior of the elderly and, thus, propose future educational interventions by nursing to prevent or avoid functional, cognitive loss and social effects.

Objective: To evaluate the pedagogical skills of third-year nursing students at Yangzhou University (China).

Methods: A multisite quasi-experimental design was used in this study. Fifty-five participants were selected by convenience sampling. The Objective Structured Teaching Evaluation (OSTE) scale was used to assess teaching skills. The evaluation included four different stages: Teaching Background Analysis (E1), Lesson Plan Presentation (E2), Mock Class (E3) and Teaching Reflection (E4). Prior to the assessment, the teachers assigned homework to the students to complete at the four stations.

Results: Fifty-five nursing students with an average age of 21.3±0.7 years participated in the study, with a predominance of female students (78.2%). The highest mean score was achieved in E1 (83.1), followed by E2 and E3 (82.5 and 82.3 respectively), while the lowest mean score was found in E4 (79.6). In E3, instructors gave lower scores for class organisation, class characteristics and overall performance compared to the self-reported scores of the standardised students (p<0.05). More than 80% of the students strongly agreed and recommended the OSTE as the primary method for assessing teaching skills in the classroom.

Conclusion: Deficits in teaching skills were identified in the participating students; this information will allow specific interventions to improve the situation. The OSTE instrument was a useful method for assessing the pedagogical skills of undergraduate nursing students.

Objective: This work sought to assess the perception of knowledge transfer from clinical simulations to the care practice in nursing students through effective debriefing.

Methods: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 281 students during the 2020-2021 course, through una ad hoc survey from the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (DASH) in Spanish, to assess competence areas that undergraduate students must reach to complete their studies.

Results: The survey conducted after each simulation showed that the students valued positively the debriefing sessions conducted by experts, with a mean score of 6.61 over 7 [6.56%-6.65%] based on 675 surveys analyzed, given that each student conducted more than one simulation within the academic course. It was observed in 221 completed answers that what was learned in the simulation was transferred to the practice in 89.23% [86.39%-92.06%], specifically in areas of Communication, Patient safety, Teamwork, and Leadership.

Conclusion: In the perception by the participating students, the use of effective debriefing in clinical simulation enabled knowledge transfer to the care practice, proving to be a crucial tool that helps to improve the formation of the future nurses.

Objective: To describe the Factors to Effective Clinical Experience and Willingness to pursue Career in Rural Health Facilities among Nursing Students on Clinical Placement in southeast Nigeria.

Methods: The study was conducted among 48 rural health centres and general hospitals with 528 respondents from different higher institutions of learning serving in these health facilities for their clinical experience. The study applied survey design and utilized questionnaire instrument for data collection.

Results: Majority of the students (60%) agreed that their school lacked functional practical demonstration laboratory for students' clinical practice, 66.7% agreed that their school lab lacked large space for all the students to observe what is being taught, 79.9% that their school lab lacked enough equipment that can enable many students to practice procedures; majority of the students (79.9%) answered that the hospitals where they are on clinical placement lacked enough equipment needed for the students on each shift of practice, 59.9% agreed that student/client ratio in each ward during clinical experience periods was not enough for students' practice under supervision, while 73.3% indicated that their school lacked library with current nursing texts for references. Personal, socioeconomic and institutional factors explain the 76% of the variance of effective clinical experience and the 52% of the variance of the willingness to work in rural health facilities in the future if offered employment.

Conclusion: The factors surrounding effective clinical experience in rural healthcare facilities in southeastern Nigeria are unfavorable and could discourage future nurses from working there. It is necessary to implement strategies to improve the management of these centers in order to promote the perspective of improving sustainable rural health in this region.

Objective: Understand the motivations and expectations of pregnant women using psychoactive substances during prenatal care.

Methods: A qualitative study developed in the light of Alfred Schütz's Theoretical Framework of Phenomenological Sociology, in which 25 pregnant women using psychoactive substances, belonging to a Family Health Strategy, participated. Data production took place between August and November 2022.

Results: Two units of meanings emerged: (i) social influences for the performance of prenatal care and (ii) expectation regarding the care to be received by the health professional. Pregnant women do pre-natal due to family influences, for fear of losing their children due to loss of guardianship and concern about the well-being and development of the baby. And, the expectations are that they receive good attention, feel safe when they are attended to by health professionals and also that they are understood and have a relationship of trust.

Conclusion: Pregnant women who use psychoactive substances bring motivations for prenatal care linked to the past, such as influences from family members and previous experiences. As for expectations, they are related to the child's health and the care expected by professionals. Finally, strategies to reduce harm during pregnancy of users of psychoactive substances are fundamental for the effectiveness of care.