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Prediction of the creep coefficient of green concretes containing ground granulated blast furnace slag using hybridized multi-objective ANN and Salp swarm algorithm 基于混合多目标人工神经网络和Salp群算法的含矿渣粉绿色混凝土蠕变系数预测
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.36756/JCM.V2.2.1R
Amirreza Kandiri, F. Fotouhi
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引用次数: 1
An Interference Assessment between New Unlicensed Wireless Connectivity and Outside Broadcasting Service in the 6 GHz Band 新的无牌无线连接与6ghz频段外部广播服务之间的干扰评估
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.12720/jcm.16.11.479-484
Seung-Nam Kim, I. Lee, Bubjoo Kang
New innovative technology such as unlicensed wireless connectivity has become essential to provide more beneficial and advanced services. Therefore, it is necessary to study the use of broadband available and potentials of spectrum harmonization for massive unlicensed applications, equally Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) with higher frequency and wider bandwidth. This paper presents an interference assessment between unlicensed Wi-Fi service and an incumbent service such as Outside Broadcasting (OB) system in the 6 GHz band. It also includes several radio interference scenarios to analyse coexistence by Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL) and Monte Carlo (MC) methods. Consequently, this study suggests protection distance as a possible approach for the coexistence of the unlicensed Wi-Fi service and OB system in the 6 GHz band.
新的创新技术,如未经许可的无线连接,已经成为提供更有益和先进服务的必要条件。因此,有必要研究可用宽带的使用和频谱协调的潜力,以用于大量未经许可的应用,同样是具有更高频率和更宽带宽的无线保真(Wi-Fi)。本文提出了无授权Wi-Fi服务与现有服务(如6ghz频段外广播(OB)系统)之间的干扰评估。它还包括几种无线电干扰场景,通过最小耦合损耗(MCL)和蒙特卡罗(MC)方法分析共存。因此,本研究建议将保护距离作为无牌Wi-Fi服务和OB系统在6ghz频段共存的可能方法。
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引用次数: 0
DGS Loaded Broadband Circular Patch Antenna for Satellite Communications 卫星通信用DGS加载宽带圆形贴片天线
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.12720/jcm.16.11.485-491
N. Rao, V. Tallapragada, D. V. Reddy, K. Prasad
Broadband slotted circular patch antenna with Defective Ground Structure intended for Ku band satellite communications is presented in this communication. The proposed antenna has a fundamental circular radiating element in which a square ring slot is etched along with a circular slot inside it. The ground is etched with a rhombus ring slot at the center and square slots in the corners. The defective ground provides multiple frequencies of operation and the slots in the radiating element act as filters combining the multiple frequencies of operation into broadband. The antenna is fabricated on an FR4 substrate with a volume of 40mm×48mm×1.59mm and a dielectric constant of 4.4. The antenna has been excited using a stripline feed of 50Ω impedance. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 1.87GHz ranging from 13.61GHz to 15.48GHz with gain and directivity of 2.2dB and 6.09dB at 13.84GHz, 2.8dB and 5.47dB at 14.48GHz, respectively. The simulated and measured antenna results are in good agreement, showing that the proposed techniques enhance the antenna bandwidth.
提出了一种用于Ku波段卫星通信的带缺陷地面结构的宽带开槽圆形贴片天线。所建议的天线具有基本圆形辐射元件,其中沿其内部的圆形槽蚀刻方形环形槽。地面在中心蚀刻菱形环形槽,在四角蚀刻方形槽。有缺陷的地提供多个工作频率,辐射元件中的槽充当滤波器,将多个工作频率组合成宽带。该天线在体积为40mm×48mm×1.59mm、介电常数为4.4的FR4基板上制造。天线使用50Ω阻抗的带状线馈线进行激励。该天线阻抗带宽为1.87GHz,范围为13.61GHz ~ 15.48GHz,在13.84GHz时增益为2.2dB,方向性为6.09dB,在14.48GHz时增益为2.8dB,方向性为5.47dB。仿真结果与实测结果吻合较好,表明该技术提高了天线带宽。
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引用次数: 4
Performance Comparison of Non-Linear Median Filter Built on MLP-ANN and Conventional MLP-ANN: Using Improved Dataset Training in Micro-Cell Environment 基于MLP-ANN和传统MLP-ANN的非线性中值滤波器性能比较:基于改进数据集训练的微单元环境
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.12720/jcm.16.11.508-515
V. C. Ebhota, V. Srivastava
This research work explores the Levenberg- Marquardt training algorithm used for Artificial Neural Network (ANN) optimization during training and the Bayesian Regularization algorithm for the enhanced generalized trained network in training a designed non-linear vector median filter built on Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) ANN called model-1 and a conventional MLP ANN called model-2. The model-1 employed in the design helps in dataset de-noising to ensure the removal of unwanted signals for the improved training dataset. An early stopping method in the ratio of 80:10:10 for training, testing, and validation to overcome the problem of over-fitting during network training was employed. First-order statistical indices, the standard deviation, root mean squared error, mean absolute error, and correlation coefficient were adopted for network training analysis and comparative analysis of the designed model-1 and model-2, respectively. Two locations, Line-of-sight (location-1) and non-Line-of-Sight (location-2), were considered where the dataset was captured. The training results from the two locations for the two models demonstrated improved prediction of signal power loss using model-1 in comparison to model-2. For instance, the correlation coefficient, which shows the strength of the predicted value to the measured values (closer to 1) establishing a strong connection, gives 0.990 and 0.995 using model-1 for location-1, training with Lavenberg-Marquardt and Bayesian Regularization algorithm, respectively and 0.965 and 0.980 for model-2 using the same algorithms. It is seen that the Bayesian regularization algorithm, which optimizes the network in accordance with the Levenberg- Marquardt algorithm, gave better prediction results. The same sequence of improved perditions using designed model-1 in comparison to model-2 were seen with training results in location-2 while also adopting other employed 1st order statistical indices.
本研究探索了用于人工神经网络(ANN)训练优化的Levenberg- Marquardt训练算法,以及用于增强广义训练网络的贝叶斯正则化算法,用于训练基于多层感知器(MLP) ANN (model-1)和传统MLP ANN (model-2)的非线性向量中值滤波器。设计中使用的model-1有助于数据集去噪,以确保对改进的训练数据集去除不需要的信号。为了克服网络训练过程中的过拟合问题,采用80:10:10的训练、测试和验证提前停止方法。采用一阶统计指标,标准差、均方根误差、平均绝对误差和相关系数分别对设计的模型-1和模型-2进行网络训练分析和对比分析。两个位置,视距(location-1)和非视距(location-2),被认为是捕获数据集的位置。两种模型的两个位置的训练结果表明,与模型2相比,使用模型1可以更好地预测信号功率损失。例如,相关系数表明预测值与实测值之间的强度(更接近于1)建立了较强的联系,使用Lavenberg-Marquardt和Bayesian正则化算法对location-1进行训练,使用model-1分别给出0.990和0.995,使用相同算法对model-2进行训练,分别给出0.965和0.980。可以看出,根据Levenberg- Marquardt算法对网络进行优化的贝叶斯正则化算法给出了更好的预测结果。与模型2相比,使用设计的模型1改进条件的序列与位置-2的训练结果相同,同时也采用了其他一阶统计指标。
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引用次数: 0
Performance Analysis of 5G Stand Alone Inter-band Carrier Aggregation 5G独立带间载波聚合性能分析
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.12720/jcm.16.11.492-499
A. Hikmaturokhman, Levina Anora, Solichah Larasati, A. Sukarno, Rizky Syafrullah, Khoirun Ni’amah
Today, high data rate is the prior requirement to support services and applications. It is definitely a challenge for the 5G New Radio (NR) in providing high data rates, in order to support use cases, especially enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB). The objective of this research is to design a 5G network which has greater data rates employing carrier aggregation techniques. Carrier Aggregation (CA) is a way which is able to improve data rates by aggregate component carriers, hence, it can make a wider bandwidth. There are three modes of CA scenario that can be used: intra-band contiguous CA, intra-band non-contiguous CA, and inter-band noncontiguous CA. In this research, the 5G network planning with carrier aggregation on inter-band employing bandwidth 40 MHz at frequency 2300 MHz and bandwidth 100 MHz at frequency 3500 MHz was simulated in Mentum Planet software. The simulation implemented at Marunda Center Industrial Area in Bekasi used downlink outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) with Line of Sight (LOS) scenario. The parameters analyzed in this research employed three main parameters: SS-RSRP, SS-SINR and data rate, which resulted CA SS-RSRP increased by 0.14%, SSSINR increased by 4.48%, and peak data rate increased up to 1412.26 Mbps from 312.872 Mbps
今天,高数据速率是支持服务和应用程序的首要要求。为了支持用例,特别是增强型移动宽带(eMBB), 5G新无线电(NR)在提供高数据速率方面无疑是一个挑战。本研究的目标是设计一个采用载波聚合技术具有更高数据速率的5G网络。载波聚合(Carrier Aggregation, CA)是一种通过聚合分量载波来提高数据速率的方法,因此可以产生更宽的带宽。CA场景可采用三种模式:带内连续CA、带内不连续CA和带间不连续CA。本研究在Mentum Planet软件中模拟了2300mhz频率下带宽为40mhz、3500mhz频率下带宽为100mhz的带间载波聚合5G网络规划。在Bekasi的Marunda中心工业区实施的模拟使用了带有视线(LOS)场景的下行室外到室内(O2I)。本研究采用SS-RSRP、SS-SINR和数据速率三个主要参数进行参数分析,结果表明CA的SS-RSRP提高了0.14%,SSSINR提高了4.48%,峰值数据速率从312.872 Mbps提高到1412.26 Mbps
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引用次数: 1
Employing Keyed Hash Algorithm, Sequential Probability Ratio Test, and Temperature Comparison Test as Security Against Node Capture Attacks of IoT-Based WSNs 采用键控哈希算法、顺序概率比测试和温度比较测试作为物联网wsn节点捕获攻击的安全防护
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.12720/jcm.16.11.500-507
Jhon Aron F. Varca, Earl Nestor T. Velasquez, Joseph Bryan G. Ibarra
The emergence of IoT opened new opportunities for development in various fields. With all the information that it gathers, it became an interesting target for multiple attackers. Thus, this study will enforce security solutions to IoT-based devices specifically in the perception layer by incorporating a Temperature Comparison Test, Keyed Hash Algorithm and evaluating it using SPRT especially in the defense against malicious activities detected in the nodes of a network namely for Mobile and Immobile attacks. For immobile attacks, using the keyed hash algorithm and the SPRT, the hash key of the passcodes was compared to determine the safety of the nodes. Hence, from the functionality test that was conducted, and evaluating the data gathered using SPRT and Bernoulli’s equation, the reliability of the protocol to detect Immobile attacks is concluded to have a 100% detection rate. For mobile node attacks, the study assumes the environment to be under normal, warm, and cold room temperatures. where both mobile and without mobile attack is simulated, the result shows that there is only an overall 3% difference from the temperature measure by the sensor to the ambient temperature. Hence, combining these protocols that are applied in the study eliminates the single points of failure in the nodes that are either applicable only to a distributed scheme or mobility support, the study also compared the tested protocol to the other existing protocols.
物联网的出现为各个领域的发展带来了新的机遇。有了它收集的所有信息,它成为了多个攻击者的一个有趣的目标。因此,本研究将对基于物联网的设备实施安全解决方案,特别是在感知层,通过结合温度比较测试、密钥哈希算法并使用SPRT评估它,特别是在防御网络节点中检测到的恶意活动时,即针对移动和非移动攻击。对于不可移动攻击,使用键控哈希算法和SPRT,比较密码的哈希密钥,以确定节点的安全性。因此,通过所进行的功能测试,并对SPRT和伯努利方程收集的数据进行评估,可以得出协议检测Immobile攻击的可靠性为100%。对于移动节点攻击,本研究假设环境在正常、温暖和寒冷的室温下。在模拟移动攻击和非移动攻击的情况下,结果表明,传感器测量的温度与环境温度之间只有3%的总体差异。因此,结合研究中应用的这些协议,消除了仅适用于分布式方案或移动性支持的节点中的单点故障,研究还将测试的协议与其他现有协议进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
PAPR Reduction in MIMO-OFDM Systems Using Low- Complexity Additive Signal Mixing 使用低复杂度加性信号混合降低MIMO-OFDM系统的PAPR
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.12720/jcm.16.11.468-478
Stephen Kiambi, E. Mwangi, G. Kamucha
A MIMO-OFDM wireless communication technique possesses several advantages accrued from combining MIMO and OFDM techniques such as increased channel capacity and improved BER performance. This has made the technique very amiable to current and future generations of communication systems for high data-rate transmission. However, the technique also inherits the high PAPR problem associated with OFDM signals—a problem still requiring a practical solution. This work proposes a PAPR reduction algorithm for solving the problem of high PAPR in MIMO-OFDM systems. The proposed method uses a low-complexity signal mixing concept to combine the original transmit signal and a generated peak-cancelling signal. The computational complexity of the proposed method is O(M) , which is very much less than O(N log2 N) of the FFT algorithms. This is because M, which denotes the number of nonzero peakcancelling samples, is much less than N, the FFT window size. The proposed method was found to achieve high PAPR reductions while utilizing only a few nonzero peak-cancelling samples and it does not significantly change the power of the transmitted signal. For example, with M=5% of 256-point IFFT samples, corresponding to a data rate loss of 4.8%, a large PAPR reduction of 5.9 dB could be achieved at a small power loss of 0.09 dB. Compared with other methods proposed in literature, the proposed method was found to outperform them in terms of PAPR reductions and BER performance.
MIMO-OFDM无线通信技术具有MIMO和OFDM技术相结合的优点,如增加信道容量和改善误码率性能。这使得该技术非常适合当前和未来几代通信系统的高数据速率传输。然而,该技术也继承了与OFDM信号相关的高PAPR问题,这个问题仍然需要一个实际的解决方案。针对MIMO-OFDM系统中PAPR过高的问题,提出了一种PAPR降低算法。该方法采用低复杂度的信号混合概念,将原始发射信号与生成的消峰信号进行组合。该方法的计算复杂度为O(M),远远小于FFT算法的O(N log2 N)。这是因为M(表示非零峰值抵消样本的数量)远小于N (FFT窗口大小)。研究发现,该方法在利用少量非零消峰样本的同时实现了较高的PAPR降低,并且不会显著改变传输信号的功率。例如,如果256点IFFT样本的M=5%,对应于4.8%的数据速率损失,则可以在0.09 dB的小功率损失下实现5.9 dB的大PAPR降低。与文献中提出的其他方法进行比较,发现该方法在PAPR降低和BER性能方面优于其他方法。
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引用次数: 5
Blockchain trading mechanism based on attached chain for the delay tolerant network 时延容忍网络中基于附加链的区块链交易机制
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-25 DOI: 10.11959/J.ISSN.1000-436X.2020234
Lingling Zi, Xin Cong
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引用次数: 0
Electromagnetic signal modulation recognition technology based on lightweight deep neural network 基于轻量级深度神经网络的电磁信号调制识别技术
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-25 DOI: 10.11959/J.ISSN.1000-436X.2020237
Sicheng Zhang, Yun Lin, Ya Tu, S. Mao
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引用次数: 13
Constructions of rotation symmetric 2-resilient functions with 4t-1 number of variables 4t-1个变量的旋转对称2-弹性函数的构造
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-25 DOI: 10.11959/J.ISSN.1000-436X.2020213
J. Du, Chunhong Liu, S. Pang
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引用次数: 0
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