Human Antibodies最新文献

Introduction: Metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer (MRCRC) has a poor prognosis. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of different subtypes of KRAS mutation and BRAF mutation in metastatic CRC patients, and evaluate the relationship between the tumor sidedness and prevalence of KRAS and BRAF mutation.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from January 2010 to July 2020. The data were extracted independently according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The statistical analysis was done using STATA and Meta-Disk 1.4 applications.

Results: Overall, 6699 colorectal cancer patients were included. KRAS and BRAF mutation was reported in 28% and 6% of patients, respectively. The overall prevalence of right primary and left primary metastatic CRC patients with mutated KRAS was 40% and 60%. However, the prevalence BRAF mutated right primary and left primary metastatic CRC patients was 37% and 63%. The overall HR was 2.38 for patients with metastatic CRC who had a mutated type of KRAS. Our study showed a mean overall survival of 35.4 month for KRAS mutant and a 10.12 month survival for BRAF mutant patients with metastatic colorectal cancer patients.

Conclusion: The prevalence of KRAS and BRAF mutations varied significantly according to the location of the tumor. BRAF mutations are more commonly found in metastatic colorectal cancers on the right side. Liver was the most common site of metastases in patients with mutant KRAS and the mortality of patients with mutant KRAS was 2.3 times higher than the patients with wild types. These results help to better describe the population of mCRC patients and can have implications for improving and organizing anti-EGFR therapies. Further research is needed to assess differences in survival through mutation status and primary tumor location.

Background: Chronic kidney disease and dialysis are associated with various complications.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy and quality of life among patients receiving hemodialysis in hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Methods: In this study, a descriptive - correlational study design with 138 sample size was used. Convenience sampling was used to select the study participants. We collected the data on May-September 2019. Data collection was done using the HELIA and KDQOL SF™.

Results: In this study, 133 respondents fully completed the questioners. The mean score of health literacy of the respondents was 49.03 (± 22.37) while the average score of quality of life of the respondents in this study was 53.01 (± 14.86).

Conclusion: Based on the findings, patients receiving haemodialysis had insufficient health literacy and a better quality of life. In order to address the health literacy needs of the patients, consideration of continuous health education and assessment in this patient subpopulation could gradually improve their health literacy and quality of life. Health care providers such as nurses could improve Health Literacy and substantially Quality of Life through interventions aimed at determining existing literacy needs in the long and short term treatment course for individual dialysis patients.

Background: Celiac disease is a common gastrointestinal autoimmune disorder. Studies have shown that the prevalence of tooth decay is high in patients with celiac disease. This study was performed to evaluate the serology of celiac disease in children with dental caries.

Methods: Children aged 3 to 12 years who referred to the dental clinic with enamel caries were included in the study. Celiac disease was assessed by measuring serum IgA levels and anti-TTG (Anti TTG (IgA)) antibodies. Then, by analyzing the collected data, the prevalence of celiac disease in children with dental caries and its relationship with various variables were investigated.

Results: 120 children, 56 girls (46.7%) and 64 boys (53.3%) with dental caries were involved in this study. The positive celiac serology rate of studied population was 14 (11.6%). Based on the results of this study, a significant relationship was obtained between maternal education, sex and place of residence and celiac disease (p< 0.05). There were no significant relationships between celiac positive serology in children with dental caries, the number of decayed teeth, and breastfeeding (p> 0.05).

Conclusion: The present study showed that dental caries, might be a red flag indicating possible celiac disease and prevent its complications. On the other hand, pediatricians and dentists should be aware of the oral symptoms of celiac disease. Further studies are needed to plan screening for children with celiac disease.

A novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing a cluster of respiratory infections (Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19) first discovered in Wuhan, China, is responsible for a new illness that has been found to affect the lungs and airways of patients with associated symptoms of fever, cough and shortness of breath. In the light of few cases recorded so far in West Africa there is tendency for complacency. The region needs to make strategic plans based on available evidence to enable them effectively deal with this rapidly evolving pandemic. At this very moment countries like China, Italy, France, Spain, Iran, UK and many others are witnessing sustained and intensive community transmission of this virus and increasing numbers of severe disease and death particularly among elderly patients with other comorbidities. The reality of the seriousness of this pandemic is alarming. Government of member states of ECOWAS need to prepare themselves by building capacity as well as implement evidenced-based steps to mitigate this rapidly evolving pandemic by testing persons presenting with symptoms (fever, cough and shortness of breath), isolating and treating those found positive, tracing and quarantining contacts, implementing social distancing as well as optimizing human and material endowment to allow healthcare workers offer safe quality clinical care for affected patients to prevent secondary infection among healthcare workers.

The number of circulating lymphocytes is altered in a number of diseases including either increase (lymphocytosis) or decrease (lymphocytopenia). Therefore, the assessment of total blood lymphocyte numbers and the relative distribution of lymphocyte subsets is a critical front-line tool in the clinical diagnosis of a number of diseases, including pediatric diseases and disorders. However, the interpretation of this data requires comparison of patient's results to reliable reference values. Blood lymphocyte subpopulation numbers are also subject to genetic polymorphisms, immunogenic and environmental factors and vary greatly between populations. While the best practice reference values should be established within local representative populations of healthy subjects, to date, Caucasian reference values are used in Morocco due to the absence of indigenous reference values. Potential differences in blood lymphocyte subpopulation reference values between Caucasian versus Moroccan populations can adversely affect the diagnosis of pediatric and childhood diseases and disorders such as primary immunodeficiency (PID) in Morocco.

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the age-stratified normal reference values of blood lymphocyte subsets for the pediatric Moroccan population.

Methods: We measured the concentration of lymphocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry from 83 Moroccan healthy subjects stratified into 5 age groups of 0-1, 1-2, 2-6, 6-12 and > 12-18 (adult).

Results: The absolute and relative amounts of the main lymphocyte subsets of T-cells, B cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells were measured and compared to previously described reference values from Cameroonian, Turkish, American and Dutch populations. Additionally, we also observed an age-related decline in the absolute population sizes of lymphocyte subsets within our study group. Relative proportions of CD3+CD4+ helper T lymphocytes decreased with increasing age and by 12 years-adult age, both proportions of CD3+CD4+ helper T lymphocytes and CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, as well as CD3-CD19+ B lymphocytes were also decreased. Finally, we compared the median values and range of our Moroccan study group with that of published results from Cameroon, Turkey, USA and Netherlands and observed significant differences in median and mean values of absolute number and relative proportions of lymphocyte subsets especially at 0-1 years and 1-2 years age groups. Above age 12 years, the Moroccan values were lower. For NK cells, the Moroccan values are also lower.

Conclusions: The results of this study have a significant impact in improving the threshold values of the references intervals routinely used in the diagnosis of paediatric diseases such as PIDs or mother-to-child transmitted HIV within the Moroccan population.

Migraine is a common disorder which is placed among the top ten reasons of years lived with disability. Cytokines are among the molecules that contribute in the pathophysiology of migraine. In the current study, we evaluated expression levels of IL-6 coding gene in the peripheral blood of 120 migraine patients (54 migraine without aura and 66 migraine with aura patients) and 40 healthy subjects. No significant difference was detected in expression of IL-6 between total migraine patients and healthy controls (Posterior beta = 0.253, P value = 0.199). The interaction effect between gender and group was significant (Posterior beta =-1.274, P value = 0.011), therefore, we conducted subgroup analysis within gender group. Such analysis revealed that while expression of this gene is not different between male patients and male controls (Posterior beta =-0.371, P value > 0.999), it was significantly over-expressed in female patients compared with female controls (Posterior beta = 0.86, P= 0.002). Expression of IL-6 was significantly higher in patients with aura compared with controls (Posterior beta = 0.63, adjusted P value = 0.019). However, expression of this cytokine coding gene was not different between patients without aura and healthy subjects (Posterior beta = 0.193, adjusted P value = 0.281). Therefore, IL-6 might be involved in the pathophysiology of migraine among females and migraine with aura among both sexes.

At present, cancer is a major health issue and the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Researchers have been working hard on investigating not only improved therapeutics but also on early detection methods, both critical to increasing treatment efficacy and developing methods for disease prevention. Diagnosis of cancers at an early stage can promote timely medical intervention and effective treatment and will result in inhibiting tumor growth and development. Several advances have been made in the diagnostics and imagining technologies for early tumor detection and deciding an effective therapy these include radiomics, nanobodies, and aptamers. Here in this review, we summarize the main applications of radiomics, aptamers, and the use of nanobody-based probes for molecular imaging applications in diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluations in the field of oncology to develop quantitative and personalized medicine. The preclinical data reported to date are quite promising, and it is predicted that nanobody-based molecular imaging agents will play an important role in the diagnosis and management of different cancer types in near future.

Objective: Celiac disease is a chronic disease that affect small bowel by making its villi become atrophic. Various environmental and genetic factors have been identify as inducing factors for celiac disease. Most of the patients has one of the HLA DQ forms. Although the prevalence of these genes are variable in different areas of the world, we do not have a comprehensive information about this issue in our region. Thus the aim of present study is to investigate the prevalence of HLA DQ typing of patients who visited Emam Reza Gastroenterology clinic of Shiraz(IRAN).

Methods: In this case-control study all under 18 years old children who were diagnosed with celiac disease and have visited Emam Reza gastroenterology clinic were investigated. The diagnosis of celiac disease was made by history, physical exam, serologic test, and histopathology of duodenal biopsy. Blood sample was taken and HLA typing performed using PCR method at Motahari clinic cytology laboratory. Also those people who neither them self nor their first degree relatives were not case of celiac disease and underwent HLA typing for other reason were identified as control group. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS 18 software. The p value < 0.05 was identified as statistically significant.

Results: A total of 139 patients with celiac disease and 146 normal children were studied. The mean age of the patient with celiac disease were 9.1 years old with standard deviation of 3.4 years old. 64% of the celiac patients were girls and 36% were boys. While this proportion was 54.4% for boy and 48.6% for girls in control group. The most common HLA in celiac patients group were HLA DQ2 and 8 but the most common ones in control group were HLA DQ 8 and 5. Failure to Thrive were the most common signs of the celiac patients with a prevalence of 60 children. Total IgA titer were normal in 98.6% of the patients and TTG IgA titer were positive in 93.5% of the patients. The most common co existing disease with the celiac disease were diabetes with a prevalence of 30 children (66.7%).

Conclusion: present study reveals that the prevalence of the HLA DQ2 and 8 among patients with celiac disease is 72.6% and 53% in our normal population.

Purpose of the review: Here we critically evaluate the literature on immunotherapy failure in inflammatory bowel disease patients. In particular anti-drug antibody production, and subsequently loss of response as the primary cause of immunotherapy failure in IBD patients. The benefits of shifting from the "standard" empirical dose escalation approach to therapeutic drug monitoring with anti-TNFα therapy is explored.

Recent findings: The American Gastroenterology Association and British Society of Gastroenterology both currently recommend the use of reactive therapeutic drug monitoring to guide treatment, following loss of response in inflammatory bowel disease patients with active disease. However, further research is required to prove the efficacy of a proactive therapeutic drug monitoring approach alone in remitted IBD patients.

Summary: A combination of personalised monitoring approach for anti-drug antibodies and therapeutic drug monitoring could provide beneficial treatment outcome for people with inflammatory bowel disease by predicting drug failure prior to clinical symptoms and allowing timely switching to an alternative drug.

Background: There are few studies to compare antibody response against anti-spike (S) and anti- nucleoprotein (N) SARS-CoV-2.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the IgG antibody production against S and N antigens of the virus and their correlation with the time and severity of the disease.

Methods: The IgG antibodies against S and N antigens of SARS-CoV-2 in serum specimens of 72 symptomatic patients who tested real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction positive for SARS-CoV-2 were detected using the ELISA technique. Different antibody response was compared and the correlation with the time from disease onset and the severity was evaluated.

Results: Forty-eight of 72 (67%) patients tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, while 24 (33%) did not have detectable antibodies. Comparison of antibody levels for N and S antibodies showed that they correlate with each other well (r= 0.81; P< 0.001). However, sensitivity of anti-S SARS-CoV-2 IgG and anti-N SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 30% and 60%, during the first 7 days after symptom onset (r= 0.53; P= 0.111), but increased to 73% and 68% at more than 1-week post symptom onset (r= 0.89, P= 0.111), respectively. Cases with positive IgG response showed a decreased CD8+ T cells percentage compared to the negative IgG groups (26 ± 14 vs. 58 ± 32, p= 0.066 in anti-N IgG group and 28 ± 15 vs. 60 ± 45, p= 0.004 in anti-S IgG group, respectively).

Conclusion: Nearly one-third of the confirmed COVID-19 patients had negative serology results. Lower percent positivity at early time points after symptom onset (less than 1 week) was seen using anti-S SARS-COV-2 IgG kit compare to the anti-N SARS-CoV-2 IgG; therefore, clinicians should interpret negative serology results of especially anti-S SARS-CoV-2 IgG with caution.