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Syndactylisation with internal bracing using a suture-button construct for severe cleft foot (Ectrodactyly): A 3-year follow-up case report 使用缝合线-钮扣结构的内支具治疗严重裂足(指外畸形):3年随访病例报告
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103243
Arpit Sahu , Siva Srivastava Garika , Vikrant Manhas

Introduction

Ectrodactyly, or split foot malformation, is a rare congenital limb anomaly characterized by absence or hypoplasia of central digits, leading to functional limitations and cosmetic concerns. Surgical management aims to restore alignment, improve stability, and allow regular footwear usage. This report presents a novel approach using syndactylisation with internal bracing in a pediatric case.

Case presentation

A 7-year-old girl with non-syndromic ectrodactyly of the right foot presented with difficulty in ambulation and footwear use. Clinical and radiographic assessment revealed a wide central cleft, absent second and third toes, and divergent first and fourth metatarsals. Surgical treatment included excision of the malformed third metatarsal, syndactylisation of the first and fourth rays, and internal bracing using the ButtonFix-F suture-button system.

Conclusion

Syndactylisation reinforced with the ButtonFix-F implant provides a promising treatment option for pediatric ectrodactyly. The method ensures functional restoration, cosmetic improvement, and durable correction in growing children.
趾外畸形,或称裂足畸形,是一种罕见的先天性肢体畸形,其特征是中央指缺失或发育不全,导致功能限制和美容问题。手术处理的目的是恢复对齐,提高稳定性,并允许正常的鞋类使用。本报告提出了一种新颖的方法,在儿童病例中使用内支架并指化。病例介绍:1例7岁女童,右脚无综合征性外指畸形,行走和穿鞋困难。临床和x线检查显示中心裂宽,第二和第三趾缺失,第一和第四跖骨分叉。手术治疗包括切除畸形的第三跖骨,将第一和第四线并指,并使用ButtonFix-F缝合-按钮系统进行内部支撑。结论ButtonFix-F种植体强化并指术是治疗小儿指外畸形的一种有效方法。该方法确保功能恢复,美容改善,持久的矫正成长中的儿童。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiology and injury trends of acetabulum fractures including atypical fractures a tertiary care centre study in North India 髋臼骨折的流行病学和损伤趋势,包括非典型骨折,印度北部三级保健中心研究
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103241
Dharmendra Kumar , Faisal Ahmad , Madhusudan Mishra , Rahul Kirti Sharma , Vivek Kumar Verma , Ashish Kumar

Background

Acetabulum fractures are complex injuries that significantly affect the ability to mobilise and lead to an active quality of life. The study examined the epidemiological patterns, demographic characteristics, and classifications of acetabulum fractures, including atypical fractures, in a tertiary care centre in North India.

Methods

This prospective study was conducted from 2020 to 2024 among 344 patients diagnosed with acetabulum fractures. Demographics, injury patterns, socio-economic status, and classification of fractures were analysed. Trends and associations were statistically analysed.

Results

The mean age of patients is 36.04 ± 14.23 years, in which males have dominated the cases at 81.97 %. The leading cause of injury was due to road traffic accidents, accounting for 80.52 %. Major occupational groups affected included students (31.10 %), followed by farmers (21.80 %). Slightly more fractures occurred on the right side, 49.41 %, than on the left side, 46.22 %. Bilateral was 4.36 %. Both-column fracture types represented the highest with 20.63 %, ACPHT fracture with 18.89 %, and the fracture of the posterior wall with 18.31 %. Atypical fracture patterns were identified in 3.48 % of cases. The time taken to go to surgery averaged 6.77 ± 3.73 days, with an average length of stay at the hospital of 13.71 ± 7.18.

Conclusion

This study highlights acetabulum fractures in young males from road traffic accidents, with atypical fractures requiring advanced strategies. Their timely intervention and prevention policies may ensure better outcomes for them.
髋臼骨折是一种复杂的损伤,严重影响活动能力并导致积极的生活质量。该研究调查了印度北部三级保健中心髋臼骨折的流行病学模式、人口统计学特征和分类,包括非典型骨折。方法本前瞻性研究于2020年至2024年在344例诊断为髋臼骨折的患者中进行。分析了人口统计学、损伤模式、社会经济地位和骨折分类。对趋势和关联进行统计分析。结果患者平均年龄36.04±14.23岁,男性占81.97%。伤害原因以道路交通事故为主,占80.52%。受影响的主要职业群体为学生(31.10%),其次为农民(21.80%)。右侧骨折发生率为49.41%,略高于左侧骨折发生率46.22%。双侧为4.36%。两柱骨折类型最多,占20.63%,ACPHT骨折占18.89%,后壁骨折占18.31%。不典型骨折类型占3.48%。手术时间平均为6.77±3.73天,平均住院时间为13.71±7.18天。结论本研究强调道路交通事故中年轻男性髋臼骨折,非典型骨折需要先进的治疗策略。他们的及时干预和预防政策可以确保他们获得更好的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial intelligence in severe rigid Scoliosis: Opportunities, challenges, and the road ahead 人工智能在重度刚性脊柱侧凸中的应用:机遇、挑战和未来的道路
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103240
Anil Regmi , Bishwa Bandhu Niraula
Severe rigid scoliosis remains one of the most complex challenges in spine surgery, characterized by three-dimensional deformity, progressive rigidity, and high perioperative risks. Traditional surgical planning and correction strategies are limited by variability in anatomical presentations, difficulty in predicting outcomes, and the need for meticulous intraoperative decision-making. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool to address these challenges, offering applications in imaging analysis, deformity classification, surgical planning, navigation, and outcome prediction. This review explores the current opportunities of AI in the management of severe rigid scoliosis, critically examines its limitations, and outlines the future roadmap toward integration in precision spine surgery.
重度刚性脊柱侧凸是脊柱外科最复杂的挑战之一,其特点是三维畸形,进行性僵硬,围手术期风险高。传统的手术计划和矫正策略受到解剖学表现的可变性、预测结果的困难以及需要细致的术中决策的限制。近年来,人工智能(AI)已经成为解决这些挑战的一个有前途的工具,在成像分析、畸形分类、手术计划、导航和结果预测方面提供了应用。这篇综述探讨了目前人工智能在严重刚性脊柱侧凸治疗中的机会,批判性地审视了其局限性,并概述了未来在精确脊柱外科整合方面的路线图。
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引用次数: 0
Anesthetic management of children undergoing specialized orthopedic surgeries 儿童骨科专科手术的麻醉管理
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103239
Dinesh K. Choudhry , Abraham Oommen , Manish Purohit , Divya Dixit
Children with musculoskeletal disorders frequently undergo surgical procedures requiring specialized need and care from an anesthetic perspective. In this review, we discuss anesthetic issues relating to some of the common orthopedic conditions amongst children that warrant knowledge, familiarity, and skills to provide safe anesthetic care for optimal outcome. We have included cerebral palsy, osteogenesis imperfecta, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, and achondroplasia in this spectrum of review. The scope of this review encompasses existing medical literature and institutional experience gathered from administering anesthesia in a large volume of specialized orthopedic pediatric patients. We have provided an overview of the various perioperative considerations of the above-mentioned select pediatric orthopedic conditions to facilitate safe anesthetic management.
患有肌肉骨骼疾病的儿童经常接受外科手术,需要从麻醉角度进行专门的需要和护理。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了一些与儿童常见骨科疾病相关的麻醉问题,这些问题需要知识、熟悉和技能来提供安全的麻醉护理,以获得最佳结果。我们包括脑瘫、成骨不全、先天性多发性关节挛缩和软骨发育不全。本综述的范围包括现有的医学文献和从大量专科骨科儿科患者的麻醉管理中收集的机构经验。我们提供了各种围手术期注意事项的概述,上述选择的儿童骨科条件,以促进安全麻醉管理。
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引用次数: 0
Does patellar height influence functional outcomes after reconstruction in distal femur tumours? 髌骨高度是否影响股骨远端肿瘤重建后的功能结局?
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103238
Nitish Jagdish Jyoti, Pon Aravindhan, Kamal Kishor Jajunda, Ritvik Janardhanan, Love Kapoor, Shah Alam Khan

Background

Patellar height plays a critical role in maintaining knee biomechanics and extensor mechanism efficiency. While its significance after total knee arthroplasty is well documented, its impact following distal femoral endoprosthetic reconstruction remains underexplored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between patellar height and functional outcomes using the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society-93 (MSTS) score and to assess the influence of patellar height on extensor lag and knee range-of-motion (ROM).

Methods

This retrospective single-centre study included 61 patients who underwent intra-articular resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction for primary malignant and benign aggressive distal femur tumours between January 2018 and December 2023. Patellar height was measured using the modified Caton-Deschamps (mCD) index and categorized into baja, norma and alta. Clinical assessment included measurement of extensor lag, knee ROM and MSTS-93 scores. To evaluate intergroup differences and correlations, statistical analysis was performed.

Results

Mean age was 27.52 ± 13.27years, including 36 males(59 %) and 25 females(41 %). Median follow-up was 13months(IQR6.5–32.5). Mean femoral resection length was 15.43 ± 3.23 cm and mean tumour volume resected was 450.48 ± 288.63 cm3. Mean patellar height(mCD index) in the baja(n = 5), norma(n = 44) and alta group(n = 12) was 0.48 ± 0.14, 1.03 ± 0.15 and 1.43 ± 0.10 respectively and median MSTS-93 score was 27.5(IQR21.5–29), 29(IQR27-30) and 29(IQR28.25–30) respectively. Median knee ROM was 100°(IQR90°-120°). Twenty-six(42.6 %) individuals had a median extensor lag of 15°(IQR10°-20°). Comparison of MSTS-93 score(p = 0.228), flexion ROM(p = 0.350) and extensor lag(p = 0.910) between the 3 groups showed no significant differences. The correlations between patellar height and MSTS-93 score(ρ = +0.206,p = 0.112), flexion ROM(ρ = +0.169,p = 0.194) and extensor lag(ρ = −0.020,p = 0.880), were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Although not statistically significant, patients with patella norma and alta demonstrated better functional outcomes. While no definitive correlation was established, the findings suggest that patellar height may influence functional recovery after distal femoral endoprosthesis reconstruction, and larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
背景髌骨高度在维持膝关节生物力学和伸肌机制效率方面起着至关重要的作用。虽然其在全膝关节置换术后的意义已被充分证明,但其在股骨远端假体重建后的影响仍未得到充分探讨。本研究的目的是利用肌肉骨骼肿瘤学会93 (MSTS)评分来评估髌骨高度与功能结果之间的关系,并评估髌骨高度对伸肌滞后和膝关节活动范围(ROM)的影响。方法本回顾性单中心研究纳入了2018年1月至2023年12月期间61例接受关节内切除术和假体内重建的原发性恶性和良性侵袭性股骨远端肿瘤患者。采用改良的卡顿-德尚(mCD)指数测量髌骨高度,并将髌骨高度分为baja、normal和alta。临床评估包括测量伸肌滞后、膝关节ROM和MSTS-93评分。为评价组间差异和相关性,进行统计学分析。结果平均年龄27.52±13.27岁,其中男性36例(59%),女性25例(41%)。中位随访时间为13个月(IQR6.5-32.5)。平均切除长度为15.43±3.23 cm,平均切除肿瘤体积为450.48±288.63 cm3。baja组(n = 5)、norma组(n = 44)和alta组(n = 12)的平均髌骨高度(mCD指数)分别为0.48±0.14、1.03±0.15和1.43±0.10,MSTS-93评分中位数分别为27.5(IQR21.5-29)、29(IQR27-30)和29(IQR28.25-30)。膝关节中位ROM为100°(IQR90°-120°)。26例(42.6%)患者的中位伸肌滞后为15°(IQR10°-20°)。三组间MSTS-93评分(p = 0.228)、屈曲ROM(p = 0.350)、伸肌迟滞(p = 0.910)比较,差异均无统计学意义。髌骨高度与MSTS-93评分(ρ = +0.206,p = 0.112)、屈曲ROM(ρ = +0.169,p = 0.194)、伸肌滞后(ρ = - 0.020,p = 0.880)的相关性均无统计学意义。结论髌骨正常和髌骨畸形患者的功能预后较好,但无统计学意义。虽然没有明确的相关性,但研究结果表明,髌骨高度可能影响股骨远端假体重建后的功能恢复,需要更大规模的前瞻性研究来验证这些发现。
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引用次数: 0
Surgical outcomes of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using fulcrum bending radiographs to determine curve rigidity 用支点弯曲x线片测定青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的手术结果
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103222
Prudence Wing Hang Cheung, Victoria Yuk Ting Hui, Samuel Tin Yan Cheung, James Long Ki Lin, Garvin Chi Chun Cheung, Jason Pui Yin Cheung

Background

Spinal curve flexibility can be assessed reliably by fulcrum bending (FB) radiograph for surgical planning. However, it remains unknown how curve correctability of rigid curves are different from flexible curves. This study aims to investigate the relationship of curve flexibility and surgical outcomes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, to investigate for any differences of surgical outcomes in rigid and non-rigid curves, and to explore whether postoperative changes were different in rigid curves.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with AIS, aged ≤18 years and underwent posterior spinal fusion with >2 years of postoperative follow-up at two affiliated hospitals between 2010 and 2022. Radiographic parameters were collected, including coronal Cobb angle of major curve, curve type, FB flexibility, fusion length, and implant density. Relationship of flexibility and correction rate was tested. Rigid curves (FB flexibility <50 %) were compared with non-rigid curves, in terms of curve correction rate, FB correction index (FBCI) and loss of correction at postoperative 2 years.

Results

A total of 190 patients (83.7 % females) were included. Preoperative major curve was 60.2° (SD 10.9°) with 64.4 % (SD 17.2 %) flexibility, 21.6 % (n = 41) of the patients had rigid curves. FB flexibility correlated with curve correction rate (immediate postoperative rs: 0.281, p < 0.001). After covariate adjustment, correction rate for rigid and non-rigid curves were 69.4 % and 75.5 %, with mean difference −6.0 % (95 %CI −10.6 % to −1.4 %, p = 0.013). Rigid curves had higher FBCI (175.5 % vs 110.4 %; mean difference: 65.1 %, 95 %CI 53.2 % to 77.0 %, p < 0.001). Fewer rigid curves demonstrated loss of correction, with comparable changes in correction rates (−2.5 % vs −4.6 %, p = 0.124).

Conclusion

Spinal curve flexibility significantly correlated with curve correction rate and FBCI. Rigid curves demonstrated ∼70 % correction rate, all with FBCI >100 %, indicating curve correction achieved more than estimated preoperatively. Despite rigid curves had lower curve correction rate, correction lost at 2-year follow-up was comparable between rigid and non-rigid curves.
脊柱弯曲灵活性可以通过支点弯曲(FB) x线片可靠地评估手术计划。然而,刚性曲线的曲线可修正性与柔性曲线的曲线可修正性有何不同,目前还不清楚。本研究旨在探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的弯曲柔韧性与手术结果的关系,探讨刚性和非刚性弯曲的手术结果是否有差异,以及刚性弯曲的术后变化是否不同。方法本回顾性研究纳入了2010年至2022年在两家附属医院诊断为AIS,年龄≤18岁,术后随访2年的后路脊柱融合术患者。收集x线摄影参数,包括主曲线冠状Cobb角、曲线类型、FB柔韧性、融合长度、种植体密度。测试了柔性与正确率的关系。将刚性曲线(FB柔韧性<; 50%)与非刚性曲线进行术后2年曲线矫正率、FB矫正指数(FBCI)和矫正损失的比较。结果共纳入190例患者,其中女性83.7%。术前主要曲线为60.2°(SD 10.9°),64.4% (SD 17.2%)为柔韧性,21.6% (n = 41)患者为刚性曲线。FB柔韧性与曲线矫正率相关(术后即刻rs: 0.281, p < 0.001)。协变量调整后,刚性曲线和非刚性曲线的校正率分别为69.4%和75.5%,平均差值为- 6.0% (95% CI - 10.6%至- 1.4%,p = 0.013)。刚性曲线具有较高的FBCI (175.5% vs 110.4%;平均差异:65.1%,95% CI 53.2% to 77.0%, p < 0.001)。较少的刚性曲线显示出校正损失,校正率变化可比较(- 2.5% vs - 4.6%, p = 0.124)。结论脊柱弯曲柔韧性与脊柱弯曲矫正率和FBCI显著相关。刚性曲线的矫正率为70%,所有FBCI均为100%,表明曲线矫正率高于术前估计。尽管刚性曲线的曲线矫正率较低,但在2年随访中,刚性曲线和非刚性曲线的矫正损失相当。
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引用次数: 0
Patients with prior solid organ transplant who undergo total joint arthroplasty can expect promising patient-reported outcomes and low mortality at 1-year 既往接受过实体器官移植并接受全关节置换术的患者可以期待有希望的患者报告的结果和1年内的低死亡率
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103237
Nickelas Huffman , Shujaa T. Khan , Michael S. Ramos , Chao Zhang , Nicolas S. Piuzzi

Background

The existing literature has described an increased risk of complications associated with total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in patients who have undergone prior solid organ transplantation (SOT); however, few studies have reported the benefits of TJA in SOT patients as measured by patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). This study aimed to explore differences in healthcare resource utilization, 1-year patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and achievement of minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) and the patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) thresholds after TJA in SOT patients.

Methods

Of 29,254 TJAs performed between 2016 and 2021, 33 THA and 32 TKA patients who underwent prior SOT were included. Outcomes included length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition (DD), 90-day readmission, 1-year reoperation, 1-year mortality, and 1-year PROMs: Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) -Pain, HOOS-Physical Function Shortform (HOOS-PS), Knee disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) -Pain, and KOOS-Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS) were analyzed.

Results

The 1-year mortality for SOT patients was 3.0 % and 6.3 % after THA and TKA, respectively. After THA, intestine and kidney transplant patients displayed higher readmission rates, but there were no significant differences in LOS, DD, 1-year reoperation, or 1-year PROMs between SOT patients. One lung transplant patient failed to achieve MCIDs for HOOS-Pain and HOOS-PS. Similarly, one kidney transplant patient was unable to achieve the PASS threshold one year after THA. For TKA patients, there were no significant differences in healthcare resource utilization, PROMs, or PASS achievement between SOT patients. One lung transplant and one liver transplant patient failed to achieve the KOOS-Pain MCID, and one liver transplant patient was unable to achieve the KOOS-PS MCID.

Conclusion

At one year, SOT patients who undergo TJA demonstrated favorable PROMs, suggesting these patients can expect promising pain and functional outcomes.
背景现有文献描述了既往接受过实体器官移植(SOT)的患者与全关节置换术(TJA)相关的并发症风险增加;然而,很少有研究报道通过患者报告的结果测量(PROMs)来衡量TJA对SOT患者的益处。本研究旨在探讨SOT患者TJA后在医疗资源利用、1年患者报告结果测量(PROMs)、最小临床重要差异(MCIDs)实现和患者可接受症状状态(PASS)阈值方面的差异。方法在2016年至2021年期间进行的29254例TKA中,包括33例THA和32例既往有SOT的TKA患者。结果包括住院时间(LOS)、出院处置(DD)、90天再入院、1年再手术、1年死亡率和1年PROMs:分析髋关节残疾和骨关节炎结局评分(HOOS) -疼痛、HOOS-身体功能简表(HOOS- ps)、膝关节残疾和骨关节炎结局评分(oos) -疼痛和KOOS-身体功能简表(oos - ps)。结果全髋关节置换术和全髋关节置换术后SOT患者1年死亡率分别为3.0%和6.3%。THA后,肠和肾移植患者的再入院率较高,但SOT患者在LOS、DD、1年再手术或1年PROMs方面无显著差异。1例肺移植患者未能达到HOOS-Pain和HOOS-PS的MCIDs。同样,一名肾移植患者在THA术后一年无法达到PASS阈值。对于TKA患者,SOT患者在医疗资源利用、PROMs或PASS成就方面无显著差异。1例肺移植和1例肝移植患者未能达到KOOS-Pain MCID, 1例肝移植患者未能达到KOOS-PS MCID。结论在一年内,接受TJA治疗的SOT患者表现出良好的PROMs,这表明这些患者可以期待有希望的疼痛和功能预后。
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引用次数: 0
Craniocervical traumatic ligamentous injuries – AO spine type B injuries – Anatomy, biomechanics and clinical perspectives 颅颈创伤性韧带损伤。AO脊柱B型损伤。解剖、生物力学和临床观点
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103223
Andrei Fernandes Joaquim , Klaus John Schnake , Richard J. Bransford , Harvinder Singh Chabbra , Sebastian F. Bigdon , Mohammad El-Sharkawi , Gregory D. Schroeder
The craniocervical junction (CCJ) relies on strong ligamentous structures to maintain stability, which can be compromised by traumatic injuries. Defining stability is critical for selecting operative or non-operative management. This review summarizes the anatomy, imaging, and biomechanical relevance of the main CCJ ligaments, with emphasis on type B injuries in the AO Spine Upper Cervical Classification. Current evidence suggests that neurologically intact patients with normal CT scans (occipitoatlantal joints) and mild MRI abnormalities may be treated conservatively, with fluoroscopic traction testing serving as a supportive tool. Considering C1-2 ligamentous injuries, transverse ligament injury (TL), however, often requires an MRI for accurate diagnosis, particularly in association with atlas lateral mass fractures. While surgical treatment may provide advantages in pain and function, non-operative strategies remain appropriate in selected cases. When surgery is indicated, C1 ORIF is a feasible alternative to C1-2 fusion in patients with TL rupture, also considering an intraoperative test for abnormal motion at C1-2.
颅颈交界处(CCJ)依靠强大的韧带结构来保持稳定性,这可能会受到创伤性损伤的损害。确定稳定性对于选择手术或非手术治疗至关重要。本文综述了CCJ主要韧带的解剖学、影像学和生物力学相关性,重点介绍了AO脊柱上颈分类中的B型损伤。目前的证据表明,CT扫描正常(枕寰关节)和轻度MRI异常的神经功能完整的患者可以保守治疗,透视牵引测试作为支持工具。考虑到C1-2韧带损伤,横韧带损伤(TL)通常需要MRI才能准确诊断,特别是与寰椎侧块骨折相关的横韧带损伤。虽然手术治疗可能在疼痛和功能方面具有优势,但在某些情况下,非手术治疗仍然是合适的。当需要手术时,对于TL破裂患者,C1 ORIF是C1-2融合的可行选择,同时考虑术中C1-2异常运动的检测。
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引用次数: 0
Re-defining orthopaedic education in India through competency-based training 通过以能力为基础的培训重新定义印度的骨科教育
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103228
Madhan Jeyaraman , Raju Vaishya
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引用次数: 0
Management of pediatric hip infections - A narrative review 儿童髋关节感染的处理-叙述性回顾
Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2025.103221
Parmanand Gupta , Rohit Jindal , Deepak Kumar
Spectrum of hip infections in children include septic arthritis, proximal femoral and pelvic osteomyelitis, and pericapsular pyomyositis. Infection from one site can extend to adjacent structures, resulting in overlapping and often indistinguishable clinical picture. Clinical and laboratory parameters, including fever, inability to bear weight and elevated inflammatory markers are helpful in distinguishing infectious from non-infectious causes of hip pain. However, they cannot reliably differentiate the site or extent of infection. Blood and local aspirate cultures are crucial for identifying causative organisms, yet a significant proportion of cases are culture negative. Aggressive treatment is required even in culture negative cases if clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings are consistent with infection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for defining the site and extent of disease, detecting multiple foci, and guiding surgical planning. Ultrasonography, although less sensitive and specific, may be helpful in settings where MRI is unavailable, especially for identifying joint effusion and guiding diagnostic aspiration. Management hinges on early initiation of appropriate empirical antibiotics, tailored subsequently to culture results, along with drainage of all foci of purulent collections. Misdiagnosis or delayed treatment can result in multiple surgical procedures and sequalae including hip dislocation, involvement of proximal femur growth plate, chondrolysis and partial or complete resorption of femoral head leading to long-term disability.
In this narrative review, diagnosis, imaging features and management strategies are discussed under relevant headings. For this, a PubMed search was conducted from January 1990 to August 2025 using the terms “pediatric hip septic arthritis,” “pediatric hip osteomyelitis,” and “pediatric hip pyomyositis.” Of 575 articles identified, 48 relevant studies were included. In addition, one seminal study from 1978 was included because of its clinical relevance.
儿童髋关节感染包括脓毒性关节炎,股骨近端和骨盆骨髓炎,以及囊包炎。从一个部位感染可扩展到邻近的结构,导致重叠和往往难以区分的临床图像。临床和实验室参数,包括发热、不能负重和炎症标志物升高,有助于区分髋关节疼痛的感染性和非感染性原因。然而,它们不能可靠地区分感染的部位或程度。血液和局部抽吸培养对于鉴定病原微生物至关重要,但很大一部分病例培养阴性。即使在培养阴性的病例中,如果临床、实验室和影像学结果与感染一致,也需要积极治疗。磁共振成像(MRI)是确定疾病部位和范围、检测多发病灶和指导手术计划的首选方式。超声检查虽然敏感性和特异性较低,但在MRI不可用的情况下可能会有所帮助,特别是在识别关节积液和指导诊断抽吸方面。管理取决于早期开始使用适当的经验性抗生素,随后根据培养结果量身定制,以及所有脓性收集灶的引流。误诊或延误治疗可导致多次手术和后遗症,包括髋关节脱位、股骨近端生长板受累、软骨松解和股骨头部分或完全吸收,导致长期残疾。在这篇叙述性的综述中,诊断、影像学特征和治疗策略在相关标题下进行了讨论。为此,从1990年1月到2025年8月,PubMed检索了“儿童髋关节脓毒性关节炎”、“儿童髋关节骨髓炎”和“儿童髋关节化脓性炎”。在确定的575篇文章中,纳入了48篇相关研究。此外,由于其临床相关性,1978年的一项开创性研究也被纳入。
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Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma
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