Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya最新文献

The review provides modern literature data on the system of interferons, their cells producers and target cells. Particular attention is paid to the immunomodulating effect of interferon-y. High efficacy of Ingaron in the treatment of various groups of diseases, especially viral, infectious and oncologic is shown.

Development of rapid and sensitive procedures for determination of microbial resistance to antibiotics is one of the most urgent trends in microbiology. The problem is shown to be solved by using electrooptical assay based on change of the electrophysical properties of suspended bacterial cells exposed to antibiotics with different mechanisms of action. Possible determination of the microbial cell susceptibility to antibiotics and their antibacterial activity is demonstrated. The results showed the procedure of electrooptical assay to be prospective in solving the problem of the microbiol cells antibiotic susceptibility in microbiology, medicine and veterinary.

The frequency and mechanisms of resistance to macrolides in Streptococcus.pyogenes isolated within 3 periods: 2011-2012 (246 strains), 2013-2014 (273 strains) and from January to November of 2015 (120 strains) were studied. The strains of S.pyogenes (639) were isolated from 17107 nasopharyngeal, vaginal and middle ear discharge smears of children on their visits to physiciants or hospitalization at somatic hospital departments. The susceptibility was tested by the disk diffusion method and E-test strips. Identification of the mechanisms of resistance to macrolides and lincosamides included phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. PCR was used to determine ermB and mef genes in 23 erythromycin resistant isolates. As compared to 2011-2012, resistance of S.pyogenes to macrolides increased from 5 to 16% in 2015 and that to clindamycin from 2 to 10%. Among 23 erythromycin resistant strains 6 (26.1%) belonged to the M phenotype, 3 (13.0%) belonged to the iMLS(b) phenotype and 14 (60.9%) belonged to the cMLS(b) pheno-type. The results of detecting the macrolide resistance genes in S.pyogenes showed that only 26.1% of the isolates expressed the mefA gene. The predominant share (65.2%) of the erythromycin resistant isolates possesed the ermB gene as a determinant and in 4.3% of the isolates the ermB gene was associatied with the mefgene. No resistance genes were detected 1 isolate. Therefore, the main mech- anism that determined resistance of S.pyogenes to macrolides was methylation of ribosomes mediated by the ermB gene.

Tamoxifen is the first target agent with a high-end position in breast cancer therapy till now. In recent years experimental researches revealed new biological effects of tamoxifen on tumor cells. The present study continues the theme of the review published in 2012, where a plenty of tamoxifen effects besides interaction with estrogen receptors was discussed. Thus, there is described a wide range of the drug targets which are the key points of signal cascades activating the cell proliferation and determining the course of the growth of the cancer and its sensitivity to chemotherapy. Also clinical trials of tamoxifen based on existing of targets besides the estrogen receptors are reviewed. Furthermore, the data on the antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activities of tamoxifen are indicated.

The effect of taurine and vitamin B6 on the clinical process and mortality of experimental mice due to isoniazid was studied in an acute test. The use of taurine lowered the toxic effect of isoniazid, evident from delayed covulsions, their shorter time, rarer repeat and lower mortality of the animals due to tonoclonic spasm. The most significant decrease of the neurotoxic effect of isoniazid was observed with the use of taurine in a dose of 255 mg/kg. When taurine in the dose of 255 mg/kg was used in combination with vitamin B6 in prophylactic doses of 1.3 or 3.9 mg/kg, no death of the mice due to isoniazid in the acute test was recorded.

The data on the experimental study of the efficacy of the gel wound dressings based on chitosan and calcium alginate containing bioactive substances from marine hydrobionts with complex therapeutic action (sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae, hydrolyzed bivalves, peptides from nerve ganglia of cephalopods) are described. The model of thermal burns complicated by Staphylococcus aureus infection was used. Planimetric and bacteriological investigations revealed pronounced wound healing and antibacterial effects of the gel coating. The gel containing sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae showed the highest wound healing activity.

Development, standardization and use of medicinal products of plant origin and various therapeutic value are described in the review. The literature data refer to the studies of some leading institutions of the Russian Federation and in particular to the Medical Institute of the Russian University of Peoples' Friendship, All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Pyatigorsk State Pharmaceutical Academy and some foreign laboratories. Possible use of the trichoderma extract and its prospects are shown.

The effect of sulfated polysaccharides (PS) from brown alga Fucus evanescens and their enzymatic transformation and low molecular weight product on the functional activity of the innate immunity cells, i.e. polymorphonuclear leukocytes of human peripheral blood (NF) was comparatively studied. The in vitro NF contact with PS resulted in significant changes in the functional activity of NF, evident from higher density of molecules CD69, CD14, CD11b on the cell membranes with simultaneous lowering of that of CD62L and increased phagocytic and bactericidal activity of NF. The low molecular weight product resulting from fucoidan transformation with fucoidanases showed a higher effect on the level of the molecules CD14, CD11b and CD62L expression vs. the high molecular weight PS.